INDEX

ABACUS 335, 455 Abbott, Tony 465,470,471,472 Ace Electronics Korea, Ltd 5,

129-41 collective bargaining and labour

disputes 131-40; 1987 131-4; 1988 134-9; 1989 139-40

overview 129-30 South Korea labour relations

environment 130-1 Achiluzzi, Mauro 531 advertising

Asahi 236 costs in China 361, 373 'Delissa' 118, 120, 121;

advertising awareness 123-4

dry beer war 238 expenditure in Japan 436 Kao Corporation 436 Kirin Brewery Co. 233 SIA 455

~a-Gevaert 208, 212 Agria 109-10; see also 'Delissa' Ahmad, Bashir 333-4,337-8 Ahmad, Shamin 324-5, 333, 334,

337 air cargo traffic 328 air-conditioners 287-8 air stewardesses 450 aircraft service centre 334 airlines see Malaysian Airline

System; Singapore Airlines airports, new international

328-33; see also Changi Airport; KLIA

Ajinomoto 116-17, 189, 190 Akai 564 alcoholic beverages

beers see beers Japanese industry 190-4, 206,

228-9 Sanraku Inc. 189, 197-8

Alfa 10 alliances, strategic see strategic

alliances

American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&n 528-9

Andersen, Rolf 109, 110, 115-16 Andre, Paul 18-20 Ang, Robert 447-8,454,456,

457,458 anti-dumping duties 547-9, 556 Apple Computer 528 Arai, Akira 98-102, 103, 104 Arakawa, Kazuo 240 Asahi Breweries Ltd 233, 238,

239-40 Asahi Super Dry 192,228,234-6,

239-40 Kirin's response 236-8 launch 235-6

ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 41-6

ASEAN Industrial Complementation Scheme 41-2

ASEAN Industrial Joint Venture (ALJV) Scheme 42

approval procedures 42, 55 list of projects 56-7 Nestle projects 43-54, 58-9

ASEAN Industrial Project Scheme 41-2

Asia-Pacific region, competing in 184-5; see also FoodWorld Supermarkets; Hong Kong and Shenzhen Bank; Malaysian Airline System; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.; XFM project

audio equipment 410-11 Austin, George R. 71, 72 authorized service stations 562 automated office 533, 545-6, 555 Aziz Abdul Rahman, Tan Sri

Abdul 335

Baltona 566, 568 Bangalore 387 bar coding 388 Barman, Jacques 153-62 passim Barrot, Pierre 11

Baschera, Pius 173, 175, 176, 177 batteries 411 Bautista, Lilia 43, 48 beers 228-49

blind tests 242, 249 comparative market

shares 231, 243 comparative performance of

Japanese brewers 245 consumer opinions on dry

beer 246-8 dry war 238-42 Japanese beer industry 192,

228-34, 242-5 marketing 233-4, 244 product categories and market

segmentation 229-31,242 production 229

Beiersdorf AG 427 Beijing 356-7 Beijing Zhong-Rui Ciba Geigy

Pharmaceutical Company Ltd 154

Bergman, Per 114, 119 Berlin Wall 559 Betamax VCR 499 bicycles 351

motorized see XFM project Bifidus yogurt 123-4 Biore facial cleanser

development in Japan 425-6 new product launch plan 442-3 proposal for Singapore 423,

432-5 Bobek, Ole 112, 114, 115 Boeing 737s 328, 334 Boeing 747s 447, 449, 451 Bombay 387 Borg, Peter 116-17, 119-20, 121,

125 Botnar, Octav 562 Boustead Trading Sob. Bhd. 430 BPR 10-11 brainstorming 336-8 brand awareness 123 breakfast cereals 44, 46, 48 bribery 146-7, 148

591

592 INDEX

British Airways 335, 450 British Telecom 278 Brother 546 Brown & Williamson 69 Brunei 44, 47 Budweiser 230 Bulgaria 564 Bulgaria yogurt 123-4 business passengers 453-4

calculators 510, 511 Cambridge cigarettes 73-4 camcorders 211 Camel cigarettes 71 cameras

disposable 212 Japanese industry 210-11,

221-2 recent developments 211-12

Canola 130 calculator 510 Canon Business Machines Sales

Inc. 514 Canon Europa NV 515-16 Canon Inc. 401-2, 509-25, 545,

546 Canon Way 512, 521 in Europe 515-19, 548-9 European distribution

capabilities 517-18,525 European presence in 1986

517-19 history 509-15 intensified competitive

pressures 511 NP copiers 513-14, 541-2 organization 522 personal copiers 514-15, 531,

544-5 possibility for cooperation with

Olivetti 519-20, 534-6 Premier Company Plan 511-12 production of copiers in

Europe 516-17 response to endaka 512-13 sales, quantity and market share

in Europe 523 second European plant 517 vertical integration and product

diversification 510 Canon Sales Inc. 514 captured retail outlets 412 cargo air traffic 328 Carlson, Chester 540 Carnation 52-3, 54

carrying and forwarding agents (CFAs) 383

Casio 511 Catalonian work ethic 490 Cathay Pacific 335, 337, 346,

451 CFC Corporation 48 Chang, Alex 348-62 passim Chang, Bernard 254-5 Changi Airport 330, 332-3, 451,

456-7 charcoal filters 66 chemicals 194-5; see also

Ciba-Geigy; Sanraku Inc. Chen & Liew Ltd 5, 148 Chia Hock Hwa 430, 431-4 Chiang, Mr 148 China

administrative structure 364 Ciba in see Ciba-Geigy cinema statistics 372 commercial television

availability 371 crane market 15-16; see also

Potain S.A. economic growth 350 GDP by region 365 government restrictions on

motorcycles 356-7 high-potential consumer

markets 367 households with televisions 370 main publications 372 market prospects for XFM

355-6 media rates 373 population and per capita

income 366 press statistics 371 radio statistics 371 tax incentives 18, 37 technology transfer

legislation 18, 33-6 two-wheel vehicle

industry 350-1, 354-5 XFM project see XFM project

China Motorcycle Group 355 chocolate 44, 46, 47, 48 Choi, Ha Yon 137, 139, 140, 141 Choo, Harry 148 'Chuhi' 191 Ciba China Company (CCC)

161-2 Ciba-Geigy (Ciba) 6, 153-70

business portfolio 154, 163 in China 154, 164 China as a learning

platform 159-60 competition 159 the four 'C's' 156-8 looking ahead 162 new approaches to China

160-1 origins 153-4 scenario planning for China to

Year 2000 156, 165-9 strategy development for

China 155-6 strategy for Greater China

158-9 '13 key messages' 156-8, 170

Cibin 10 cigarettes see Philip Morris K.K.;

tobacco industry cinema 372 Clark, Peter 469 Clayton, Guy 153, 156, 157,

158-9, 161, 162 cleanser, facial see Biore facial

cleanser Clearasil 426 COFFEEMATE 44, 47, 52-4 Colas, Antoine 17, 18-20, 32 collective bargaining 131-40 colour copiers 545 colour film 214-15, 224-7 colour televisions 409, 486;

see also televisions Columbia Entertainment 405 COMECON (Council of Mutual

Economic Assistance) 402, 559; see also Eastern Europe; Poland

commercial television 371 Committee of European Copier

Manufacturers (CECOM) 547 Committee for Industry, Minerals

and Energy (COIME) 43, 44, 45,48

communication see also advertising

equipment 409 Sony 471

commuters 359 competencies

complementary 401-2; see also Canon Inc.; European copier industry; Olivetti

international business competencies 400; see also Kao Corporation; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

competition 183-5 in the Asia-Pacific region

184-5; see also FoodWorld Supermarkets; Hong Kong and Shenzhen Bank; Malaysian Airline System; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.; XFM project

in deregulated markets 4; see also Philip Morris K.K.

domestic in Japan 183-4; see also Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd; Konica Corporation; Sanraku Inc.

complaints 453 complementary

competencies 401-2; see also Canon Inc.; European copier industry; Olivetti

component standardization 468 consumer electronics industry see

also under individual firms competitive pressures 476-7 distribution and service in

Poland 567-70, 575 global 465-6, 485-7, 501 television 486-7, 502

consumers India 377-8; buying

behaviour 384-5 Japan 113, 195-6 Sony and 475

continuous improvement 470-1, 493-4

convenience stores 382 cooperation

regional 335-6 strategic alliances see strategic

alliances Coors 240 copiers see also Canon Inc.;

Olivetti Canon's copier business

513-15 development of market

540-3 distribution channels 543 European industry see

European copier industry

and the integrated office 545-6, 555

market segmentation 542-3, 550

Olivetti's copier business 529-34

PPC placements 517,523-4, 551-3

reprographic technology 539-40

corporate culture see culture corporate philosophy

Canon 512,521 Mitsushita 414-16, 580

cranes see also Potain S.A. Chinese market 15-16 developments 11-12,27-9 Far East market 17-18, 38 global market 9,26

crisis management 5; see also Chen & Liew Ltd; Lussman­Shizuka Corporation

cross-cultural issues 4-5; see also 'Delissa'; Lestra Design

cross-national customers 584 culture

cross-cultural issues 4-5; see also 'Delissa'; Lestra Design

Matsushita 414-16; transplanting culture in Malaysia 291-5

Sony Barcelona 490 currency convertibility 560 customer experience 462-4 customer service see service

quality customer service representatives

(CSRs) 389 customers

analysis of 260-1 expectations 261, 262-4 measure of customer

satisfaction 261, 265-7 Cyclon-Berstal 349 Czech Republic 583 Czechoslovakia 563

Dairy Farm 378 Danone 110, 116-17, 123-4 Data Discman 487-8 DCS90 456-7 De Benedetti, Carlo 527, 528

INDEX

dealers copiers 543 Hilti Corporation 176-7 Matsushita and 584 Olivetti 528, 531

593

Sony and direct supply to 572 Dearland 433 DEC 528 decentralization 295-8 defect reduction 467,480-1 Delhi 387 'Delissa' 4-5, 109-26

after three years in Japan 119-20

alternatives for the future 124-6 entry strategy for Japan

117-18 franchise contract 114-16 launch 118-19 and other European

competitors 116-17 proposal for entry into Japanese

market 110-12 selecting a franchisee 112 situation in 1997 120-4

Delta Airlines 451 Demonte, Filippo 533, 534, 535-6 department stores 97 departure control system 456-7 deregulated markets 4; see also

Philip Morris K.K. design

for manufacturing 470 product 468-9,473

detergents 431-2,434 diazo copiers 541 Dick, A.B. 539 Digital 569 display racks 388 disposable cameras 212 distribution

Canon 517-18, 525 consumer electronics in

Poland 567-70 consumer goods in India 383 copiers 543 'Delissa' 119-20, 121 Japan 106-8, 113-14 Japanese beers 234 Matsushita 411-13 Olivetti 528, 531-2 SIA 455-6 Sony UK 474 XFM project 358, 360

594 INDEX

distributors: Sony and 561-2 diversification

Canon 510 Kirin Brewery Co. 231-2 Potain S.A. 10-11

divisional autonomy 295-8 divisional structure 407 Dixon's 584 domestic appliances 410 domestic competition in

Japan 183-4; see also Kirin Brewery Company, Ltd; Konica Corporation; Sanraku Inc.

domestic flights 326-7, 341-2 Don Muang airport 331 draught beer 229 dry beer 228, 234-42

consumer research 242, 246-8 dry war 238-42

dumping 546-9,556 duplicators 539-40 durables: household ownership of

318 duvets 95,98-102; see also Lestra

Design

Eastern Europe 402, 559, 563-4, 583; see also Poland

Eastman Kodak see Kodak ECE GmbH 516 Edilgru 10 Ekman, Bo 109, 110 electronic cameras 211-12 electronic components 410 Electronic Data Interchange

(EDI) 498 electronics industry

South-East Asia 305-6; see also consumer electronics industry; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

employee motivation 256-7, 259-81

employees' sensitivity to customer service quality 261, 268-76

endaka (yen appreciation) 512-13

'engined bicycles' 353; see also XFM project

entrepreneurs 569-70 'entrepreneurs' (customer

segment) 263 environment, external 5-6;

see also Ciba-Geigy

Ernte 72 Escorts 383 ethical problems 5; see also Chien

& Liew Ltd; Lussman-Shizuka Corporation

Europe 361 Mitsushita Electric

Industrial 581-5, 588-90 Sony see Sony Corporation;

Sony Europa European Commission 546-9

levy of anti-dumping duties 547-9

European copier industry 401-2, 539-56

anti-dumping action 546-9, 556

evolution of European copier market 543-9, 554; see also copiers

Eva Air 451 expectations, clients' 261, 262-4 Expert 584 export orientation 285-9 external environment 5-6; see

also Ciba-Geigy

facial cleanser see Biore facial cleanser

fair-price shops 381 farmers 359 feedstuffs 195 Fei-Ma Bicycle Company 348;

see also XFM project film see also Konica Corporation

behaviour of film consumers 215, 226-7

colour negative film 214-15, 224-7

competitors in Japanese film industry 212-14

Japanese amateur film industry 209, 218

world amateur film industry 208, 217

filmless cameras 211-12 final assembly schedule (F AS)

package 498-9 finance 330-1 'financiers' (customer

segment) 264 'Fire Bird' 355 '5.5' 240 fliers, promotional 388

flue-cured tobacco 66 FNAC 584 F023B crane 12, 14, 17, 18-20,

27, 30-1; see also Potain S.A. food retailing in India 380-3; see

also FoodWorld Supermarkets FoodWorld Supermarkets 185,

375-96 decision to start

FoodWorld 385 early returns 389, 396 expansion plan 386-7 human resources 386 operating assumptions 391-2 populations and income levels of

households in key cities 395

Ramaswamy Road 387-9 RPG Enterprises and the Spencer

acquisition 375-8 stand-alone store model pro

forma 393 supermarket project pro

forma 394 foreign trade organizations

(FfOs) 565-6 Forever Bicycle Company 355 France 348-9,358,361 franchising 112, 114-16 Fuji Photo Film 207, 208, 211,

212-13, 223 Fuji Xerox 541

Garuda Indonesia 345 Gasqueres, Yves 96, 104 Gathy-Kiss, Mr 349 Gauguin, Philippe 18-20 GDP

per capita in China 354 by region in China 365

Geigy Chemical Company 153, 154; see also Ciba-Geigy

general merchants 381 Germany 563-4

Hilti Corporation 175-6 L&M Milds in West

Germany 72-3 Gestetner 530, 539 'gift-giving' 146-7, 148 Gil, Fernando 485, 488-96

passim, 498 global strategy, implementing 6;

see also Hilti Corporation GNP: Japan 436

government restrictions 356-7 gray market 560, 584 grocery stores 381 ground handling 333-4, 456-7 Grundig 563-4 GuangdongProvince 356,369-70 Guangzhou 356-7 Gunjima, Eiko 98 Gustaffson, Stefan 119, 121-5

Hackman, Gene 238 Hagemeyer Trading

Company 284, 289 Haiso 69,70 Haloid Company 540 Hansa Canon 510 harmonizing 490-1 Hayashida, Yutaka 146 Heineken 230 high-definition television

(HDTV) 486 Higuchi, Hirotaro 234-5 Hills, Charles 132, 135, 138, 139 Hilti, Martin 173 Hilti, Michael 176 Hilti Corporation 6, 173-9

challenge for new management 176-7

history 173-4 strategy 2000 174-6, 179

Hindustan Lever (HL) 383 Hitachi 567 Hokkaido Asahi 231 home appliances 410 Hong Kong 15-16, 173, 176-7 Hong Kong and Shenzhen

Bank 184, 253-81 clients' expectations 262-4 Foreign Currency

Department 256 International Clients

Department 255-6 International Trade

Department 254-5 International Trade

Division 254-6; performance 265-7

Jian Cheng 254 Letters of Credit

Department 256 organization 253-4, 258 quality charter 277-8 quality norms 278, 279-80 quality project steps 262-76

sensitiveness of employees towards quality 261, 268-76

surveys 260-1 Howard, Jack 65, 67 Hubei Province 357-8, 369-70 human resources 386 Hungary 563, 564, 583 Hwang, Jong Sam 135, 137 Hyundai Heavy Industries

Company 15, 131

IBM 527-8,542 Ibuka, Masaru 466, 587 Ide, Mr 207-8 !ida, Toshiyaki 207, 208, 211,

213-14,215 import substitution 284-5 in-flight services 454, 457-8 income per capita: China 354,

366 India 15, 361, 380-5, 390; see

also FoodWorld Supermarkets consumer buying

behaviour 384-5 consumer study 377-8 distribution of consumer

goods 383 food retailing 380-3

Indonesia 361 Nestle 44, 48-51, 58-9

industrial engineering (IE) 294-5 industrial equipment 409-10 information sharing 494-5 information technology 400-1,

409; see also Singapore Airlines; Sony Barcelona; Sony Manufacturing Company UK

InfoSource 542 ink-jet technology 533 inspection after production

493-4 insulator plates 406 integrated office 533, 545-6, 555 internal management

excellence 400; see also Kao Corporation; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

international air traffic 327-8, 346

international business competencies 400; see also Kao Corporation; Matsushita Electrical Industrial Co.

INDEX 595

International Trade and Investment (ITI) 567

inventory reduction 498 investment incentives

China 18,37 Malaysia 286, 302-4

Ishida, Professor 294 Islands Lights 70-1

Japan alcoholic beverages

industry 190-4, 206, 228-9

beer industry 192, 228-34, 242-5

camera industry 210-11,221-2 characteristics of traditional

management 199 chemical industry and

China 159 consumers 113, 195-6 'Delissa' in see 'Delissa' disposable cameras 212 distribution 106-8, 113-14 dry beer war 234-42 duvet market 96; meeting

Japanese tastes 98-9; see also Lestra Design

film consumers' behaviour 215, 226-7

film industry for amateurs 209, 218; competitors 212-14

film prices 226 film sales 222, 224 growth of economy and

advertising expenditure 436

photofinishing industry 209-10, 219-20

retail market 114 tobacco market 66-7, 70, 78,

83-8, 90-1; see also Philip Morris K.K.

trademark disputes 96-7 yogurt market 110-12

Japan Airlines 451 Japan Tobacco Inc. (ITI) 65, 67,

68-9,71-2 Japan Tobacco and Salt Public

Corporation (ITS) 66-7 Japanese Textile Association 102,

103 Jian Cheng 253,254, 256-7,

259-61, 277-81

596 INDEX

Jiangsu Province 357 joint ventures see strategic

alliances Jones, Richard 465, 470, 471,

472, 474 Josamycin 195 Jumbotron 499 JVC 296

Kaku, Ryuzaburo 509, 511, 512 Kanematsu-Gosho Ltd 95, 97 Kao Corporation 278, 400,

422-43 Biore proposal for

Singapore 423, 432-5 crisis of Kao Singapore 430-2 development of Biore in

Japan 425-6,442-3 financial information 422, 437;

Kao Singapore 422, 438-40

growth and advertising expenditures 436

international operations 426-7 in Japan 423-4 research and development 423,

424-5,441 Takayama's appointment to

Singapore 427-30 Karlsson, Lars 125-6 'Karuizawa' whiskies 192 Kasugamycin 195 Katayama, S. 66, 67 Kato, Akira 331-2,332-3,335-6 Kato, Yasumi 145, 146-7 Kedai National programme

289-90 Kirin Beer Light 230 Kirin Brewery Company, Ltd 184,

228-49 competitors 232-3 dry war 238-42 history 231-2 Japanese beer industry· 192,

228-34,242-5 marketing 233-4 new competitive moves in

Japan 240-1 new product line strategy

241-2 positioning map 245 reorganization 237-8 response to Asahi Super

Dry 236-8

Kirin Cool 241 Kirin Dry 236-7, 238-9 Kirin Fine Draught 236, 237, 241 Kirin Fine Malt 236, 237, 241 Kirin Fine Pilsner 241 kitchen-related products 411 KLIA 328-31

finance 330-1 implications for MAS 333-6 plan and links to Kuala

Lumpur 329-30 Kobayashi, Akio 73-4 Kobe, Yoshinori 288 Kodak 207,208,213-14,530,

542 Kodak Imagika K.K. 213 Kodak Japan Ltd 213 Konica Corporation 183-4,

207-27, 530, 541, 549 behaviour of film

consumers 215 competitors 212-14 disposable cameras 212 financial information 208, 216 history 207-8 Japanese camera industry

210-11, 221-2 Japanese film industry 209,

218 Japanese photofinishing

industry 209-10, 219-20 new colour film line 214-15 product line 208, 225 recent developments in the

camera industry 211-12 world film industry 208, 217

Konishiroku Photo Industry see Konica Corporation

Korea, South 15,212; see also Ace Electronics Korea, Ltd

labour relations environment 130-1

Korea Broadcasting System (KBS) 131

Kosaka, Hiroaki 290, 292-3, 297-8

Kosmos Electrica 488 KRISCOM 455 Kroll 10 Kuala Lumpur international

airport see KLIA Kuge, Tsukasa 516-17, 518-19 Kuraku, Seinosuke 584-5 Kuroda, Takeshi 102-3

L&M Milds 71-3, 74 labour relations 5; see also Ace

Electronics Korea, Ltd environment in South

Korea 130-1 Labour Relations Committee 137,

140 Lacoste 104 lager 229 Lang, Matthew 560,561-2,569,

571,572 Lark cigarettes 70 lead times 470,497-8 Lee, David 148 Lee, Father 136 Lee, Kung Hae 139, 140 Legrand, Daniel 95-104 passim Leo Burnett Kyodo Company

Ltd 73 Leopold, Claude 95, 96, 103-4 Leopold, Josette 95 Lestra Design 4,95-108

Akira Arai 98 alternatives for the future 104 dust problem 99-100 in Japan 96 looking for a new

distributor 97-8 meeting Japanese tastes 98-9 Mekies'trip to Tokyo 100-1 misunderstandings 102-4 new challenges 102 origins 95 trademark issue 96-7 washing formula 101-2

Lestra Sport 95, 96 Li, John 348, 362 licensing 14-15 Liebherr and Peiner 10, 11 Liger, Bernard 18-20 Liggett & Myers Tobacco

Company 65, 72 light sockets 406 Ling, Dr 329-30 liquid-toner copiers 514,

541-2 local content 298, 318 local globalization 477 local value 498-9 Long See Wool 323, 325-31

passim Lotte Canon 519 low-volume copiers 514-15,

530-1, 544-5

Lussman-Shizuka Corporation 5, 145-7

bribery affair 146 in Japan 145-6 reaction to bribery affair 146-7

M20 personal computer 528 M24 personal computer 528 MACHIMPEX 9, 16-17, 18-20,

21 Madras 387-9 Maeda, Takeo 511, 512 Makita, Mr 241 Malaysia 329, 332

demand for electrical goods 298-9

diffusion of electrical goods 319

earnings performance of electrical appliance companies 313

industrialization strategies 284-7

investment incentives 286, 302-4

Matsushita see Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

Nestle 44, 46-7, 58-9 Malaysia Singapore Airlines

(MSA) 324, 449 Malaysian Airline System

(MAS) 184, 323-47, 449, 451

break-up of ground handling 333-4

in the cargo business 328 corporate objectives 340 domestic activities 326-7,

341-2 financial data 323-4, 340 fleet expansion 323, 339 international network 327-8 KLIA's implications for 333-6 and national integration

324-8 new international airport

328-31 possibilities for regional

cooperation 335-6 repositioning Subang

Airport 334 restructuring 336 revenues 341

strategic alliances 334-5 taking MAS into the

future 336-8 Malt Dry 241 'managers' (customer

segment) 264 manufacturing

Matsushita 413; Europe 581, 589

Potain S.A. 12-13 Sony: coordination with

marketing, sales and distribution 473-5; information management's role in manufacturing excellence 470-3

MAP 426 Margin of Preference (MOP) 45 market segmentation

Japanese beer market 229-31, 242

Japanese cigarette market 70, 83-8

PPCs 542-3, 550 marketing see also distribution

Japanese brewers 233-4, 244 Kao Corporation 423-4 Matsushita 411-13; in

Europe 582, 583-4 Olivetti 528, 531-2, 538 Potain S.A. 13 Sony UK (Bridgend) 473

Marketing Intelligence System (MIS) 424

Marlboro 64, 70, 72, 73 Marsh supermarkets 383 Marubeni 516 Matheson, Jardine 510 Matsuda, Yoshio 239 Matsui, Kuichi 233 Matsumura, Mr 207 Matsushita, Konosuke 286, 298,

407-8, 412, 415, 416 establishment of

Matsushita 405-6, 579 guiding principles 282, 414,

420, 580 retirement 408

Matsushita, Masaharu 408 Matsushita Electric Corporation of

America (MECA) 581 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

(MEl) 485,546,549,579-90 after World War II 407-8

INDEX

company creed 421 company history 405-8 competitive strategy 476 consolidated manufacturing

597

companies 312 cross-national customers 584 distribution and

marketing 411-13 in Europe 581-5, 588-90 European sales companies

581-3,584,588 evolution in Malaysia 314-15 export-oriented ventures 287-9 falling margins 583-4 financial data 417-19,579,587 group support offices in

Europe 590 internal management

excellence 400, 405-21 international expansion 282-4,

580-3 international

responsibilities 415-16 local content 318 in Malaysia 184, 282-322 management style and

philosophy 414-16 manufacturing companies in

Europe 581, 589 market share evolution in

Malaysia 289-90, 307 in the 1990s 583-4 objectives for overseas

operations 581, 590 organization 310, 407 organizational links with

Osaka 295-8 overseas affiliates 283-4, 300,

320-2 ownership structure 307 Panasonic Europe

(Headquarters) Ltd 582-3 pledge 421 in Poland 566 product categories 408-11 product transfer to

Malaysia 284, 301 production 298,316-17,413 research and development 413,

477 responding to changing

Malaysian priorities 285-7 rethinking European sales and

marketing 583-4

598 INDEX

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. (MEl) (continued)

Revitalization Plan 583-4 revenues by product

segment 586 seven principles 580 strong position in Malaysian

market 289-90 technology upgrading 290-1,

308 transfer of management methods

and culture 291-5,309 Vision 35, 584-5 zero growth management 486

Matsushita Electric Trading Company, Ltd (MET) 282-3, 284, 287, 296

Matsushita Electronic Components (MECON) 288,290-1

Matsushita Industrial Corporation (MAICO) 287-8,290-1

Matsushita Precision Industrial Company Ltd 289

Matsushita Sales and Service (MASCO) 289-90, 297

Matsuzaki, Kazuo 559,561, 569, 571,572

Maucher, Helmut 39 MCA Corporation 405 media: in China 370-3 media planning 122 Meiji Milk Products 111-12,

123-4 Mekies, Georges 96-7,99-103 MELCOM (Matsushita Electric

Company (Malaysia) Berhad) 284-5, 287, 291, 297,298

management methods and culture 292-5, 309

organization chart 310-11 Mercian wines 193, 194 Meyer, Nick 49, 50, 51 middle class: in India 379,384-5 middlemen 50-1; see also dealers Miller Brewing Company 240 Min, Tae Soo 140 Mini Disc 488 Minolta 549 Mitarai, Takeshi 510 Mitsubishi Research

Institute 246-8 Mitsubishi Trading Company

(MTC) 566

Mitsui & Co. 64-5, 70 Mitte 559, 560-1, 567-8, 570-1 Mittropol 568 mixed service organizations 563 Miyake, Kikyo 289-90 Mizutani, Takuo 284 mobile cranes 10 Mohapatra, Pradipta K. 375, 376,

385,387,389 mopeds 351, 354, 361; see also

XFM project Morgan, Robert 129, 141 Morimoto, Naoto 99-104 passim Morinaga Milk Industry 112,

123-4 Morita, Akio 466, 477, 487 morning assemblies 293 motivation, employee 256-7,

259-81 motorcycles 350, 352, 353, 356 motorized bicycle see XFM project Motoyama, Hideo 236, 237 multimedia 487-8 Multimedia CD-ROM

(MMCD) 488 Mural, Tsutomu 234-5 Murata, Ryosuke 241

Nagaoka, Minoru 68 Nagase, Teruyaki 429, 431 Nagase Sangyo 213 Nakamura, Junichi 234 Nakayama, Hiroshi 96, 97 Nanz 383 National Institute of Retailing

(NIR) 386 'National'shops/stores 412 'negotiators' (customer

segment) 263 Nestle 4, 39-59

A1N projects 43-54, 58-9 Indonesia 44,48-51, 58-9 Malaysia 44,46-7,58-9 Nestle Group 39-40 perspective in ASEAN

marketplace 42-6 Philippines 44,46,47-8,

58-9 Singapore 44-5, 52, 58-9 Thailand 44, 52-4, 58-9

New Economic Policy (NEP) 286 new international airports

328-33; see also Changi Airport; KLIA

new potential in Asia Pacific 3-4; see also Nestle; Potain SA

'New Process' (NP) copiers 513-14, 541-2

Nikko 112, 114-16, 117, 120, 121, 124-5

Nippon Telephone and Telegraph 411

Nippon-Vicks 426 Nissan 561-2 Nissan UK 562 Nissho Iwai 65, 70 Nokia Consumer Electronics

563 non-dairy creamer 44,47,52-4 Nong Ngu Hao airport 331 'Nusa Tiga Growth Triangle' 326

Obata, Kazue 68 Oce 530,544 'Ocean Mild Blend' 192 Ochiai, Nobuhiko 236, 238 office automation 527-9 'office-of-the-future' 533, 545-6,

555 Ogitani Corporation 96-7 Old Town Corporation 529 Olivetti 509, 515, 526-38, 544,

545 copier business 529-34 copier operation in Aglie

532-4 expanding OEM

relationships 530 history 526-7 low-end machine 530-1 marketing 528, 531-2, 538 possible cooperation with

Canon 519-20, 534-6 revenue breakdown 537 sales, quantity and market share

in Europe 538 sales network in Western

Europe 538 strategic alliance with

AT&T 528-9 strong force in office

automation 527-8 'On-the-Rocks Beer' 240 Oppenheim, Phillip 539,540-1 organization structures,

regional 402; see also Matsushita Electric Industrial Ltd

original equipment manufacturing (OEM) 530, 544

Orion 231 Osaka Light Company 406

Pakistan 361 Pallares, J.M. 497-8 Pana Van 412-13 Panasonic 566, 582 Panasonic Austria 584 Panasonic Europe (Headquarters)

Ltd (PEHQ) 582-3 Panasonic Germany 584 Papillault, Jacques 100, 102 parallel imports 560, 584 Park, Sei Won 132, 135, 137,

138, 139 partnerships see strategic

alliances Passages programme 335 PC3600 529 PC3600 Plus 529 Pelangi Air 327 Perrin, Pierre 9, 11, 16, 18-20 personal computers (PCs) 528,

529 personal copiers (PCs) 514-15,

530-1,544-5; see also Canon Inc.; copiers; European copier industry; Olivetti

pharmaceuticals 194-5; see also Ciba-Geigy; Sanraku Inc.

Philip Morris Companies Inc. 63-4

Philip Morris K.K. (PMKK) 4, 63-91

alternatives for 71-4 brand mix development in

Japan 81 competitive profile 80 competitors 68-9, 82 distribution of cigarettes in

Japan 69-70 establishment of 64-5 financial data 63, 75-6 Japanese tobacco market 66-7,

70, 78,83-8,90-1 market share 68-9,79 product line 70, 83-91 RJR challenge 70-1 sales revenue 91 tobacco industry 65-6

Philip Morris Lights 74 Philip Morris Superlights 74

Philippine Airlines 346 Philippines: Nestle in 44, 46,

47-8,58-9 Philips 408, 411, 485, 563, 567 Philips Zhejiang Motorcycle

Ltd 355 Photex 560-1, 566, 568-9, 570,

571-2 photofinishing industry 219

Japanese 209-10,219-20 photographic subjects 215,

226-7; see also Konica Corporation

Piaggio 354 Pillai, Raghu 388, 389 Pillay, J.Y. 447 Piol, Elserino 519, 526, 534-6 pioneer industries 284-5, 286 plain paper copiers (PPCs) see

also Canon Inc.; copiers; European copier industry; Olivetti

Canon 513-15, 541-2 Olivetti 529-30, 532, 538 placements 517, 523-4, 551-3 Xerox 540-1

Players cigarettes 74 Poland 402, 559-75, 583

competition 566-7, 574 distribution and service of

consumer electronics 567-70,575

doing business in Poland 564-5 foreign trade

organizations 565-6 historical maps 573 options for Sony 570-2 retailing entrepreneurs 569 unauthorized service

stations 569-70 poor consumers 384 positioning 122-3 postmen 358-9 Potain, Poclain Material

(PPM) 10 Potain S.A. 3-4, 9-38

approach from MACHIMPEX 9, 16-17,21

competitors 10 costing the technology

transfer 17, 30-1 crane developments 11-12 diversification efforts 10-11 export sales and subsidiaries 13

INDEX 599

facing bankruptcy 9-10 financial information 9, 22-5 history 10-13 history of Potain in China

16-17 integration of technology

14-15 internationalization 13-15 licensing contracts 15 licensing policy 14 manufacturing 12-13 market position 38 marketing 13 meeting with MACHIMPEX

18-20 SEREX 15

powered bicycle see XFM project Precision Optical 509-10 Preferential Trading Arrangements

(PTA) 42 press 371-2,373 pricing/prices

'Delissa' 118 FoodWorld Supermarkets 388 Japanese beers 234 mopeds 361 motorized bicycles 368

Priority Passenger Service (PPS) programme 454-5, 456

private branch exchange (PBX) systems 528

private label 388 privatization 566, 571-2 Procter & Gamble (P&G) 430 product adaptation 98-102 product design 468-9,473 product quality see quality production

Kirin Brewey Co. 229 Matsushita 298,316-17,413 Sony Barcelona 491-2,497-8

promotion 233, 388; see also advertising; marketing

quality Lestra Design 99-102 service quality see service

quality Sony Barcelona 492-4 Sony Manufacturing UK 467,

480-1 quality assurance 493-4 quality charter 277-8

600

quality control circles (QCCs) 294-5

INDEX

quality norms 278, 279-80

R.J. Reynolds (RJR) 6, 64, 69, 70-1

Radical Socialist Labour Group (RSLG) 132, 134, 135-7, 139, 141

radio 371 Rahman, Tuanku Abdul 284 Ramaswamy Road, Madras 387-9 Rank Xerox 541, 545 Ravera, Giovanni 529-30 Razak, Tun Abdul 286 recycling 492 Reemtsma 72 regional airport projects 328-33 regional cooperation 335-6 regional organization

structures 402; see also Matsushita Electric Industrial Ltd

regulations for motorized bicycles 356-7

Remy Martin cognac 193 reprographic technology 539-40;

see also copiers research and development (R&D)

Canon Inc. 518 Kao Corporation 423, 424-5,

441 Matsushita 413,477

retailing 377 food retailing in India 380-3;

see also FoodWorld Supermarkets

Japanese retail market 114 retail outlets for Sony

Manufacturing UK 475 retailing entrepreneurs 569 Richter, Rudolf 145, 147 Ricoh 541, 549 Rigby, Michael 465, 471, 472 Robertson, Bjorn 109, 110, 111,

115, 124-6 RPG Enterprises 375-8; see also

FoodWorld Supermarkets Rubber Research Institute

(RRI) 328-9 Ryu, Roh Kyung 137, 138

Sagawa, Kozaburo 422, 427-9 Saji, Keizo 232

sake 191, 197-8 Sakura 207, 214; see also Konica

Corporation sales companies

MEl in Europe 581-3, 584, 588 Sony Barcelona 497-8 Sony Manufacturing UK 474

Samsung 564 Sanraku Inc. 183, 189-206

alcoholic beverages in Japan 190-4

chemicals and pharmaceuticals 194-5

corporate issues 196-7 feedstuffs 195 financial information 189,

199-202 history 189-90 network 190, 203-4 new consumer trends 195-6 organization chart 205 retail sales 206 strategic issues by business

division 197-8 Tadao Suzuki 190 turnaround 196

San Miguel Corporation 47-8 Santos, Johnny 43, 44, 45, 46 Sanyo 567 Sapporo Breweries Ltd 232, 238,

240 scenario planning 156, 165-9 Schmuckli, Jack 559 scooters 351, 352, 356 segmentation, market see market

segmentation Selko 569 service

consumer electronics in Poland 567-70

Sony and 562-3 service centres

for aircraft 334 Sony Barcelona 492-3

service departments 562 service quality

Hong Kong and Shenzhen Bank 255, 256-7, 259-81

SU\ 449-50, 452-3 service stations

authorized 562 unauthorized 569-70

Seville Universal Exposition 499 Shanghai 352-3, 356-7

Shanghai Phoenix Bicycles 355, 361

Sharp Corporation 511,530, 546, 549, 567

Shibuya, Hiroshi 145, 147 Shibuya, Shozaburo 228 shochu 191, 197-8, 231 shopping carts 388 Silver Seiko 546 Singapore 15, 330, 332, 448

Kao Corporation in see Kao Corporation

Nestle 44-5, 52, 58-9 Singapore Airlines (SIA) 324,

335, 337, 400-1, 447-64 advertising 455 background 448-50 and Changi Airport 332-3 customer experience 462-4 customer profile and product

line 453-5 customer service 449-50,

452-3 duration of flights 460 financial performance 451, 459 5-year statistics 347 flowchart of databases 461 history 449-50 profile 343 sales and distribution

system 455-6 situation in 1991 450-2 technology and in-flight

services 457-8 technology and on-the-ground

services 456-7 Singapore Airport Terminal

Services (SATS) 450 'Singapore Girl' 450, 455 skin cleanser see Biore facial

cleanser Snow Brand Mild Products

111-12 Sodima 112, 116 Solbourne Computer Inc. 409 Solex (Velosolex) 348-50, 358 Song, Hae Jin 129, 140-1 Sony Barcelona 401, 485-506

application relationship chart 505

Catalonian work ethic 490 future 499 harmonizing 490-1 impact of STREAM 496-9

information sharing 494-5 inventory reduction 498 IS Group 496 IS hardware configuration

504 IS strategy 495-6 local response to

STREAM 498-9 market quality 492-3 marriage of two cultures 490 plant organization 489-90 production 491-2,497-8 quality assurance 493-4 reducing lead time 497-8 TV manufacturing plant

488-92 Sony Corporation 405, 415, 477,

487-8, 499-501 background and

beginnings 466 business groups and sales and

service companies 506 competitors in Poland 564-6 distribution and service in

Poland 567-70 in Europe 561-4 financial performance 478,

487, 503 global organization 499-500 and multimedia 487-8 order, product and capital flows

for sales in Poland 575 in Poland 402,559-75;

options 570-2 sales and service in

Europe 562-3 STREAM project 475-6, 495,

496-9 Sony Espana SA 488 Sony Europa 477, 479, 480,

500-1 Sony Europe International

(SEI) 570, 572 Sony Manufacturing Company UK

(Bridgend) 401,465-84 consumer 475 coordination of manufacturing

with marketing 473-5 defect reduction 480-1 distribution 474 evolution and role of information

services department (ISD) 469-70, 482-4

impact of STREAM 475-6

key issues to resolve 473 marketing 473 product design 468-9, 473 production quantities 481 quality 467,480-1 retail outlets 475 role of information managment

in manufacturing excellence 470-3

sales companies 474 suppliers 467-8,481

Sony Overseas SA (SOSA) 561 Sony Poland (as option) 572 Sony Style 487 soya milk 44, 49-51 soya sauce powder 44, 52 Spelt, Leonard D. 63, 69, 73, 74 Spencers & Co. 376-7; see also

FoodWorid Supermarkets SRT International Advertising

Agency 117-18 staff customers 493 standardization, component

468 stockists 383 strategic alliances 401-2; see also

Canon Inc.; European copier industry; Olivetti

Ciba-Geigy 157-8 MAS 334-5

strategic planning 5-6; see also Ciba-Geigy

STREAM project 495 impact on Sony

Barcelona 496-9 impact on Sony Manufacturing

UK 475-6 street vendors/markets 382 strikes 131-40 Subang Airport 328-9,333

repositioning as a service centre 334

suggestion committee 294 Sugiura, Rokuemon 207 Suh, K.W. 131 Suntory Ltd 232, 238, 240-1 supermarkets 382-3; see also

FoodWorid Supermarkets suppliers

Sony Barcelona 498 Sony Manufacturing UK 467-8,

481 Suzuki, Akimi 430 Suzuki, Chuji 189

INDEX 601

Suzuki, Tadao 189, 190, 195, 196-7, 198

Swissair 335,451 Synchroreader 510

Tairon 195 Taiwan 158-9 Takanashi, Ken 241 Takayama, Toshio 422, 432,

433-5 appointment to Kao

Singapore 427-30 Tan, Kenneth 257,277,281 Tan Kok Khon 326,337 Tanaka, Hiroshi 514 Tani, Kazuhisa 228, 237-8,

241-2 Tanii,Akio 415 taste, Japanese 98-9 Tatewaki, Shinji 513 technology transfer

China's legislation 18, 33-6 Matsushita 290-1, 308 Potain S.A. 14-20

televisions 486-7; see also Sony Barcelona

advertising rates in China 373 commercial in China 371 households with 370, 486, 502 Matsushita 409

Thai Airways 345 Thai International 451 Thailand 331

Nestle 44, 52-4, 58-9 Thermofax 540-1 'Thirty-Love' 192 Thomos Shanghai Motor Ltd 355 Thomson 564 Tienanmen Square 6, 156 tobacco industry 65-7, 77; see

also Philip Morris K.K. Japanese tobacco market 66-7,

70,78,83-8,90-1 Torii, Shinjiro 232 Toshiba 549 tower cranes 12, 28-9; see also

Potain S.A. Township and Village Collective

Enterprises (TVCEs) 359-60 Tradanet 468 trade unions

Ace Korea 129-30, 131-41 South Korea 130-1

trademark disputes 96-7

602 INDEX

trammg 386, 452 Trans-Ec Co. Ltd 98 Trinitron televisions 499 trolley-jib cranes 11 Tschan, Rudi 39,42,43,45 two-wheel vehicle industry:

China 350-1 competitors 354-5; see also XFM project

typewriters 546 Tyson, Mike 238

Uchida, Saburo 510 UIC (United Industrial

Corporation) 431 unauthorized service

stations 569-70 US

Federal Trade Commission 530, 542

Hilti Corporation 174-5 USSR 564

value, creating 472-3 Van Dijk, Frits 46, 47 Velosolex 348-50, 358 vending machines 69-70,74 vendors, street 382 Verifax 540-1 vertical integration 510 video cameras 211 video equipment 408-9 Vietnam 361

Walkman 499 Wang, Mr 148 Wang Chung Mei 348-62 passim wealthy consumers 384 West cigarettes 72-3 whisky 191-2, 197 wholesalers

India 383 Kao Corporation and 423-4

wine 193-4, 197 Winston Lights 71 'Winter's Tale' beer 240 Wolff 11 work ethic, Catalonian 490

xerography 540 Xerox Corporation 514-15, 528,

530, 540-1, 542 XFM project 184-5, 348-74

China's potential 353-4, 367 communications budget 361 competitors in two-wheeler

industry 354-5 cost structure 361-2, 374 distribution 358, 360 Fei-Ma Bicycle Co. 348 government restrictions 356-7 market prospects 355-6 market research findings in

Hubei and Guangdong Provinces 369-70

other potential markets 357-8 potential customers 358-60

potential markets outside China 361

prototypes 351 Shanghai's potential 352-3 suitability of XFM for Chinese

market 351-2 two-wheeler industry in

China 350-1 Velosolex concept 348-50

Yakult Honsha 112 Yamaha 349 Yamaji, Keizo 513, 515 Yamamoto, Kenji 229 Yamashita, Toshihiko 282,408 Yamato Kogaku Seisakusho 510 Yang Xiao 360 yogurt market: Japan 110-12;

see also 'Delis sa' Yong, David 325, 327, 333, 336,

337 Yoplait 96-7, 116-17, 123-4 Yoshida, Goro 509 Yu, Charlie 259-61, 277, 279

Zacharski, Marian 566, 568, 571 'zaibatsu' 407 Zennoh (National Federation of

Agricultural Cooperatives) 112, 116-17

Zhejiang province 357 Zulliger, Ernst 46