INDEX OF NAMES - Springer978-94-011-3474-3/1.pdf · INDEX OF NAMES Aaronson, D. 355 Abelson, H. 8, 36 ... and CP 106 attribute grammar 12, 15, 85 and applicative expressions 90 and

INDEX OF NAMES

Aaronson, D. 355 Abelson, H. 8, 36 Abney, S. 7, 11, 18, 22, 31, 32, 35, 60,

113, 136, 149, 181, 196, 217-219, 258, 276, 277, 306, 307, 339

Ackley, G. 196 Aho, A. 229, 262 Anderson, J. 239 Aoun, J. 117, 149, 187, 196,338 Armieri, B. 377

Baker, M. 313 Barss, A. 24, 83-85, 107, 109, 116, 118 Barton, E. 153, 179, 196 Barwise, J. 194 Bates, L. 1, 153 Bellugi, U. 249 Bennett, W. 180 Bernstein, T. 379 Berwick, R. 1, 60, 61, 80, 111, 116, 118,

179, 189, 196, 219, 233, 234, 239, 279, 281, 282, 284, 302, 305, 306

Bever, T. 280, 290, 310 Bloom, L. 255 Bobrow, R. 233 Boland, J. 348, 370, 371 Bowers, J. 377 Brannon, L. 347 Brennan, s. 196 Brent, M. 179 Bresnan, J. 233, 280, 290 Brown, F. 234 Burzio, L. 297

Carlson, G. 194, 310, 347-349, 373, 378, 380

Carpenter, C. 355 Chen, Q. 79, 282 Chodorow, M. 280

383

Chomsky, N. 7, 14, 36, 39, 40, 41, 61, 66, 83, 85, 87, 89, 96, 98, 10D-103, 107, 109, 112, 117, 118, 127, 135, 154, 180, 194, 195, 196, 239, 243, 252, 254, 258, 281, 282, 285, 289, 296, 297, 301, 303, 304, 311, 312, 318-320, 323, 327, 329, 333, 334, 336-338

Chung, S. 339 Church1 K. 202, 273 Clark, R. 240, 245, 284, 288 Clifton, C. 234, 290, 296, 347, 349, 364,

370, 371, 378 Clocksin, W. 115 Cohen, J. 53, 54 Cole, J. 113 Collier, G. 196 Colmerauer, A. 61 Comrie, B. 372 Connine, C. 290, 296, 349, 378 Copperud, R. 379 Correa, N. 7, 11, 13, 15-19, 21,31,32,

34, 36, 60, 65, 84, 98, 99, 107, 109, 118

Crain, S. 379 Crawford, L. 7

Dawson, B. 179 Dorr, B. 7, 11, 17, 18, 20, 21, 31-33, 35,

162, 170, 179-181

Emonds, J. 36, 83, 88, 149 Engelfriet, J. 16 Epstein, S. 7, 11, 17, 31-33, 187 Erteschik-Shir, N. 379 Evans, J. 347

Faltz, L. 216 Fiengo, R. 342 File, G. 16

384 INDEX OF NAMES

Fleck, M. 279, 283 Fodor, J.D. 220, 221, 233, 234, 275,

280, 290, 302, 320, 347, 348 Fong, S. 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15-17, 19, 26,

27, 29, 31-35, 36, 113 Ford, M. 280, 290, 347, 371 Forman, M. 377 Frauenfelder, U. 371 Frazier, L. 180, 234, 275, 280, 286, 290,

296, 297, 308, 347, 349, 364, 370, 371, 378

Friedman, M. 196

Garnsey, S. 348 Garrett, M. 280, 286, 290, 293 Gazdar, G. 62, 153, 161, 179, 180 Gee, J. 257, 258, 276, 277 Genesereth, M. 30, 68, 80 Gerken, L. 254 Giannesini, F. 53 Gibson, E. 240, 245, 285, 288, 306, 340 Goldsmith, J. 149 Goldstein, M. 377 Goos, G. 84, 85, 89, 92 Gorrell, P. 7, 11, 18, 22, 23, 31, 279,

282, 286-288, 350 Grimshaw, J. 297, 359, 371 Grosjean, F. 257, 258, 276, 277

Hakes, D. 347, 371 Hale, K. 132, 134, 149, 179, 180 Heidorn, G. 84, 117 Heim, I. 194, 196 Heny, F. 349 Hickey, T. 54, 60, 63 Higginbotham, J. 107 Highleyman, E. 60 Hill, R. 234 Hindle, D. 266, 279, 283 Hintikka, J. 194, 195 Hoare, C. 115 Hobbs, J. 187 Holmes, V. 290 Hornstein, N. 349, 379 Huang, J. 283, 284, 312, 328, 333, 341 Hutt, B. 84 Hyams, N. 239, 242

Irons, E. 89

Jackendoff, R. 87, 361 Jaeggli, O. 166, 242 Jensen, K. 88 Johnson, J. 377 Johnson, M. 7, 11, 13-15, 17, 24, 27,

29, 31-34, 36, 59, 65, 113, 115, 189, 194, 233, 306

Jones, C. 115 Just, M. 355

Kamp, H. 194 Kaplan, R. 233, 280, 290, 334 Karttunen, L. 194 Kashket, M. 7, 11, 18, 21, 22, 31-33,

141, 148-150, 179, 196 Kastens, U. 84 Kay, M. 60 Kazman, R. 7, 11, 18, 22, 31, 239, 242,

243, 245, 254 Keenan, E. 195, 216, 233, 372 Keppel, G. 353 Kishner, J. 377 Klein, E. 60, 194 Knuth, D. 89, 117, 202, 262 Kohli, M. 196 Kolb, H. 8, 14, 65 Kornai, A. 110 Koster, J. 17, 20, 32, 83, 89, 116 Kowalski, R. 44, 61, 62, 234 Kuehner, D. 234 Kulas, J. 195 Kuno, S. 116, 319 Kurtzman, H. 7, 11, 18, 23, 31, 280,

350, 373, 378 Kurzban, R. 377

Langendoen, T. 202 Larson, R. 337 Lasnik, H. 14, 17, 20, 66, 68, 81, 85, 93,

100, 101, 116, 117, 304, 336, 341 Laughren, M. 125, 135, 149 Li, 187 Lieber, R. 129 Lightfoot, D. 319 Lloyd, J. 233, 234

INDEX OF NAMES 385

Loveland, D. 234 Ludlow, P. 60 Lust, B. 377

MacWhinney, B. 255 Madsen, O. 84 Marantz, A. 149, 150 Maratsos, M. 364 Marcus, M. 1, 46, 47, 60, 266, 279, 280,

283, 302, 336 Marr, D. 8, 115 Marslen-Wilson, W. 200, 219 Matthews, R. 233 May, R. 187, 196 McCawley, J. 34 McClelland, D. 371 McElree, B. 310 Mellish, C. 115 Miller, D. 61 Minker, J. 233 Mitchell, D. 290-293, 296, 297

Nadathur, G. 61 Naish, L. 212 Nash, D. 130, 132, 149, 150 Ni, W. 284 Nicol, J. 296, 310 Nishigauchi, T. 313, 341, 342 Nychis-Florence, C. 7

Patil, R. 202, 273 Pereira, F. 46, 48, 54, 56, 60, 61, 205,

224, 233 Perlmutter, D. 297 Pesetsky, D. 108, 109, 320, 359 Peters, S. 17, 34 Petrick, S. 10, 18, 24, 85 Pinker, S. 248 Pollard, C. 196 Pollock, Y. 254 Pritchett, B. 7, 11, 18, 23, 31, 285,

305-308, 335-337 Pullum, J. 85, 110

Quine, W.V. 200

Randall, J. 234

Rayner, K. 280, 286, 308 Reinhart, T. 194 Reiter, R. 233, 234 Richards, W. 60 Ristad, E. 196 Ritchie, R. 17, 34 Rizzi, L. 107, 116 Robinson, J. 117 Robinson, A. 153 Roeper, T. 239 Ross, J. 302, 318 Rouveret, A. 136

Safir, K. 242 Saito, M. 116, 304, 336, 341 Samuel, A. 81 Sato, T. 33, 56, 113, 115 Scarborough, H. 355 Selfridge, M. 239 Shapiro, 1. 297, 371 Sharp, R. 14, 85, 156, 161-163 Shieber, S. 46, 48, 54, 56, 60, 89, 187,

224 Shlonsky, U. 253 Simpson, J. 132, 149 Slocum, J. 153, 160, 180 Slowiaczek, M. 196 Smith, D. 30, 68, 80 Smullyan, R. 210 Snow, C. 255 Sportiche, D. 149, 329, 338 Stabler, E. 7, 11, 13, 14, 17, 29, 31, 35,

65, 113, 208, 224, 233, 234 Steedman, M. 199, 200, 203, 204, 209,

219, 233, 379 Steele, S. 116 Steinby, M. 60 Stowe, L. 328, 347, 349, 371 Stowell, T. 93, 138, 307, 320, 341 Suppes, P. 255 Sussman, G. 8, 36 Swinney, D. 310

Takami, K. 319 Tamaki, H. 33, 56, 113, 115 Tanenhaus, M. 310, 347-349, 370, 373,

377, 378, 380

386

Taraban, R. 371 Thiersch, C. 8, 14, 65 Tyler, L. 200, 219

Ullman, J. 229, 262

INDEX OF NAMES

Uriagereka, J. 14, 17, 20, 66, 81, 85, 93, 100, 101, 117

VanderBrug, G. 233 Van Riemsdijk, H. 39, 40, 42, 85, 97,

149, 163, 167, 180, 196 Van Wijngaarden, A. 89 Vergnaud, J.-R. 136

Wackernagel, J. 138 Wrute, W. 84, 85, 89, 92 Wanner, E. 364 Warren, D.H.D. 46, 60, 61, 205, 233 Watt, D. 84 Webber, B. 233 Wehrli, E. 306 Weinberg, A. 61, 111, 219, 233, 234,

279, 281, 282, 284, 302, 319, 335, 349, 379

Wexler, K. 377 Whitman, J. 306, 330, 334, 337 Williams, E. 39, 40, 42, 85, 97, 163,

167, 180, 196, 239, 261 Winograd, T. 233 Winston, P. 179 Withgott, M. 132 Woods, W. 153 Woolford, E. 359 Wright, B. 286, 293

Zaenen, A. 334 Zimmermann, E. 84 Zurif, E. 297, 371 Zwicky, A. 10

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

i. (unprocessable sentence marker) 308 Abar (X) see also A-position

chain 20 position 108-109 and 'Wh-trace 98

A-bound and parsing 283

absolutive Case 135 Case in Warlpiri 129

abstract specification 84 acceptability vs. interpretability 336 accessible subject

computational implications of 81 accusative ciitic (CL-ACC)

in translation 173 accusative verbs 297 A-chain (argument chain) 20 acquisition model

and agreement 253 evaluation of 251 and Inflection 251 sentences tested in 248 test of 246-253

actions for Warlpiri parsing 142-144

adjace.ncy of Case assignment 138

Adjunct Condition 312 adjunct islands

island violation 311 processing explanation of 327-329

adjunct phrases 86-87 and parsing 289

admissibility constraints 17 affixes

and Case marking 131 affix grammars 89 agent thematic role 176-177

387

agreement 161, 170, 195, 241 acquisition of 242, 253 and parser scores 268 Spec-Head 307

algorithm and grammatical descriptions 116 for hierarchical (SS) parsing 143-144 for machine translation parser 173 for principle-based parsing 170 for translation, actions in 171 for Warlpiri parsing 140-144

ambiguity attachment 271-273 in English 279 and government-binding theory 117 and LR parsers 264 in machine translation 180 and parsing 272, 274 psycholinguistic results on 286 structural 279 syntactic 202

analysis by synthesis and parsing 24

anaphor 70, 98 and empty categories 98 and traces 88

anaphoric feature and attribute grammar 99

antecedent government 337 A-position (argument position) 98 argument

chain 102 external 176, 180 internal 180 order of 217 position (A-position) 98 and thematic roles 180 of a verb 180

388 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

arguments and Case assignment 134 of verb 127

argument structure 170, 297 and translation 158

assign-case action for Warlpiri parsing 143

assign-theta-role action for Warlpiri parsing 144

asymmetry subject vs. object 125, 127

attacher and chunking parser 260, 269-274 description of 262

attachment ambiguity 271-273 attachment preferences

rules for 269-270 and selectional properties 270

attribute anaphoric 98 chain 101 inherited 91 pronominal 98 synthesized 91 typed 16

attribute conditions and attribute grammar 90 and CP 106

attribute grammar 12, 15, 85 and applicative expressions 90 and attribute conditions 90 and attribute occurrence 90 chain formation and 103 complete 92 consistent 91 and correctly attributed tree 90 and data dependencies 92 and defining occurrences of attributes

91 definition of 89-93 and dependency graph 92, 94 and derivation tree 90 and empty categories 117 encoding of empty categories 98 and functional determination of

empty categories 99

generative capacity 16, 89, 117 and government 93-96 and government-binding theory 83 and grammaticality 90 and grammatical processes 93-97 and intrinsic attributes 91 language generated by 91 and lexical features 91 and multiple extractions 105 and node indices 118 and proper government 96 and syntactic features 89 and tree traversal 90 type 89 and unification 89, 117 and value semantics 117 well-defined 92

attribute grammar rules for Case marking 96-97 for chain formation 98-100, 102, 104 and context-free grammars 16 for CP 106 definition of 90 for government 94-95 and principles 16

attribute occurrence definition of 90 of a symbol 117

attributes defining occurrences in attribute

grammar 91 attribute-value structures 89 augmented transition network (ATN)

26, 153 autosegmental phonology

and Warlpiri structure 128 and syntax 149

auxiliaries null 149 and Warlpiri 124, 132 in Warlpiri parsing 144

backtracking and 9-criterion 326 and principle-based parsing 72 in sentential subject constraint 326

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 389

barriers and complex NP constraint 318-319 and sentential subject constraint 323 and Subjacency 312 theory 304-313

base component 83, 101 in government-binding theory 110 X theory and 85

base generation 83-84 and constraints on representations 17 definition of 88 and empty categories 20, 97 and principle compilation 32 of traces 167

best-first search and parsing 262, 266

binary branching advantages of 88 and free word order 88 and optional constituents 88 and X rules 87

bind definition of 196

Binding theory 4, 65-66, 83, 101-112, 305

acquisition of 253 example violation of 68 and minimal complete functional

complex 195 and principle-based parsing 72 of pronouns 185 in translation 164

blocking category (BC) 312, 323 bottom-up

propagation of scope 194 bottom-up parsing 84

and incremental interpretation 217 and Warlpiri 140

bound anaphora 83 bounding nodes

and processing 332 Bounding theory 48

example constraint 164 in translation 164

branching factor in parsing 24

branching quantifiers 196

C clause category and 87 as complementizer category 87

Case 51, 70, 170, 241, 243-244, 285, 309,320

absolutive 129, 133, 135 accusative 135 and attribute grammar 92 cues for 70 dative 133, 135 ergative 133, 135 inherent 96 and language acquisition 247 nominative 181 objective 181 structural 96 types of 2 and Warlpiri parsing 21 and Warlpiri parsing algorithm 142

Case assigner 49, 51-52, 133 Case assignment 16, 42, 49, 134, 181

adjacency of 138 and attribute definition 96 and Case marking 96 English vs. Warlpiri 138 and garden path sentences 285 genitive 96 and government 133 objective 96 and parameters 42 structural 97 and Warlpiri 133, 134

Case condition and principle-based parsing 72 on traces 68

Case filter 9, IS, 49, 51, 65, 70-71, 76, 79-80, 97, 136, 241, 254, 319

and acquisition 241 defined in PAD parser 49 description of 2 example of failing parse 77 formulation in PAD parser 52 formulation of 15 in passive 6


representation of 14-15 Case frame

and argument structure 134 in Warlpiri parsing 134

Case markers absolutive 129 and directionality 131 in Warlpiri 130, 133

Case marking 85, 93, 101 acquisition of 239 directionality of 130 in English 148 exceptional 96-97 in Warlpiri 124, 131 in Warlpiri parser 147 and word order 148

Case recipient 51, 133 Case relations

representation in Warlpiri parser 135 Case theory 22, 39, 116, 180, 306

and chain formation 102 and language acquisition 22

categorial grammar 217 category preferences

and parser scores 267 c-command 59, 103, 116, 239 CETA 161-163, 180

interlingual approach 161 chain 83, 187, 313

alternative algorithms for chain formation 107

argument 102 computation of 99, 324 definition of 88 elementary 102 and functional determination of

empty categories 98 and long-distance dependency 17 nonargument 102 types of 102 and Wh-movement 19

chain attribute 101 chain binding 84

algorithm 85, 110 computational complexity of 85,

109-112

chain formation 102 and c-command 103 and gap filling 314 and most local antecedent 108 and subject position 102

Chain rule 84-85 and attribute grammar 116 computational complexity of 111 computation of 99, 101-109 as declarative definition 113 definition of 103 evaluation order of 107 and functional determination of

empty category 101 local nature of 103

chart parsing and chunk parsing 275

cheapest-first heuristic and failing filters 70

CHILDES database 255 Chinese 160, 242, 333 chunk parser

and chart parsing 275 example grammar 264 and intonation 277 and modularity 276 and Sausage Machine 276

chunk detecting end of 268 and t{>-phrases 259, 277 example of 257 and LR parser 266 and major heads 258 and parse tree 259 and parsing 22, 257-278 and parsing design 260 and prosody 257

clause selection and interleaving 26 and parsing 26, 29

clause structure 87 clefts 83 clitic 173, 175, 181

accusative 173 example in Spanish 166 and parsing 175-176


in Warlpiri parsing 144 c1itic doubling 155, 175

parameter 166, 176 in Spanish 166

coindexing and theta-transmission 176 and attribute grammars 118 c1itics and NPs 176 implementation of 118 and parasitic gaps 284

competence vs. performance 84, 254 compilation

and principle-based parsing 32, 56 compiler construction 84

and natural language parsing 85 and natural language processing 89

Complementizer (Comp) 87, 181,258 in parsing 281

complements 86-87, 93, 165 completeness

for selection function 234 complete-predict loop

in machine translation parser 173 complete resolution system 213 complex features

and attribute grammars 118 and parsing 62

Complex NP Constraint 318 complex symbol computational complexity

of chain binding 109-112 chain rule and 111 comparison of chain binding and

chain rule 111 and language acquisition 248 and principle-based parsing 188 and quantifier scopes 188

computational efficiency and control strategy 40 67-79 example of partitioning advantage

193 and partitioning 192-193 and principle ordering 74 and principle-based parsing 189-193

Condition A example violation of 68

conditions on derivations 83, 116 on representations 83

configuration of a computation 266

conjunct ordering 29-31 optimal 30, 212 and parsing 212

conjunct ordering problem 68 consistency

of attribute grammar 92 in attribute grammar illustration of

92 constituent order

parameter 162 in translation 175

constituent order parameter (GPSG) 179

Constrained Parallel Parser (CPP) 243 as acquisition model 243 description of 243

Constraint on Extraction Domains 312 constraints 84

and £I-criterion 176 and empty categories 100 in machine translation parser 173 on movement 164 and principles 71, 186 on representations 17 on S-structure 48 on transformations 83

context-free grammars 89, 153 and attribute grammars 16 lack of modularity in 156 problems in parsing with 153 and transfer approach 160 and Warlpiri 126-127 and Warlpiri S-structure 127

context-free parsing problems with 126-127 and problems with free word order

languages 123 context-sensitive

properties of a language 86 Control Agreement Principle 35


control experiments for Wh-trace experiments 374-377

control stack 277 control structure

delay method in Prolog 63 fixed 13 and parsing efficiency 11, 44, 46 and principle-based parsing 46 and psycholinguistic performance 54

Control theory 66 coordination 187

and scope ambiguity 192 coreference

in principle ordering parser 75 coroutine 48

algorithm for parsing 170 design for parsing 12, 53, 56, 154, 156 evidence for 201 example parse using 173 for parsing 140 as parsing strategy 20, 40 and pedestrian's paradox 201 and principle-based parsing 170 and reaxiomatization 56 and UNITRAN 154

covering grammar 10, 12, 20, 31, 36 and principle-based parsing 18 for S-structure 48

CP and attribute conditions 106

C-specifier position 102 cues

for parsing 69-70 for principle-based parsing 70, 80

cut predicate and principle-based parsing 81

data dependencies and parsing 27, 29 and principles 58

data structures in parsing 13 and overgeneration 11

dative 135 declarative formulation of principles 15 declarative specification

for parsing 47 and principle-based parsing 189

deduction and parsing 39-64

deductive structure and parsing 47

delayed inference and parsing 53 and relationship to principles 54

denotation 210, 214 in language 209

dependencies and attribute grammar 92 Wh 108

dependency-directed backtracking 73 dependency graph

and attribute grammar 92 and attribution rules 94

derivational history 36 derivation tree 206

and attribute grammar 90 determiner 191

effects of in sentence processing 375 as function word 277

Determiners 188 determinism

of linguistic filters 72 deterministic parsing

definition of 280 and parasitic gaps 281 problems with 266

Diagram system 153 directionality

of head combination 131 parameters of 131

directly depends attribute grammar definition of 92

ditransitive verb 126 in Warlpiri 149

divide-and-conquer 193 do-insertion 180 dominance

definition of 337 segmental 318, 320 direct vs. indirect 283

donkey sentence


example 194 computation of 193

Double Filled Comp Constraint 330 double object constructions 337 DP (determiner phrase) analysis

definition of 259 example 261 and specified subject condition 339

D-structure 4 explicit computation of 18 explicit vs. implicit use of 58 necessity of constructing 34 and parsing control strategy 53 and Warlpiri 127

Dutch 371 dynamic ordering 78, 80

cues for in parsing 69 in principle-based parsing 72 problems with 70

Earley parser 12, 20, 153 Easier-Earlier 196

and quantifier scope 189 elementary chain 102 empty categories 15, 84-85, 187, 283

attribute grammar representation of 117

and base generation 97 definition of 88 determination of 85, 98-101 free-determination of 101 functional determination of 98 functional determination of and

attribute grammar 99 intrinsic determination of and

attribute grammars 100 in Mandarin 285 and parsing 171, 176 partitioning of 117 and Quantifier Raising (QR) 88 and transformational grammar 88

empty category principle (ECP) 80, 317, 335

example violation of 68 Empty Category Principle (ECP)

and parsing 66

empty feature holder 181 and functional selectors 181

empty-feature-holders 181 empty operator 281 English

example GB constraints for 164 and fixed word order 123 parameters for 169 principles for 168

English-Spanish differences 156 English vs. Mandarin

structural ambiguity in 286 English vs. Spanish

verbs 158 passive 157

equal length constraint (ELC) 118 ergative verb 135 exceptional Case marking (ecm) 92,

95-97, 187 exceptional government 95 exclusive attachment constraint

and constrained parallel parser 244 Exhaustive Partial Ordering Constraint

(GPSG) 179 expletive chains 118 expletive element 102 Extended Projection Principle 243 Extended Standard Theory 83 extensi bili ty 178 external 8-role assignment 105

failing filters 70 predicting 69-71

Fidditch parser 266 filler

Wh 310 filler-gap processing 310 filters 28

and linguistic principles 4 in parsing 65 as side-effect free conditions 72

first-order logic 49 and parsing 204 and principle-based parsing 13, 44,

204 first-resort principle 350


alternatives to 371 experimental evidence for 363-369 experimental support for 355, 357 and plausibility 368 and sentence processing 347 summary discussion 370-374 and traces 348

Foot Feature Principle 35 frameset-first

for subcategorization parsing 271 free-determination 101

of empty categories compared to functional determination 101

free indexing 71 and complexity of principle-based . parsing 72

as example generator 65 free inversion 155 free word order 123-125

and 8 assignment 138 and binary branching 88 and parsing 21 vs. fixed word order 147 in Warlpiri 123

freeze technique and parsing 26, 53 and principle-based parsing 36

French 371 Full Interpretation (FI)

and adjuncts 327 functional determination

of empty categories 98 of empty categories attributes for 99

functional licensing 136 in Warlpiri parser 145

functional selectors 181 and empty feature holder 181

function word 258, 277 functor

and incremental interpretation 216 order of 217

gaps locating 23

garbage collection and parsing 63

garden path sentence 23, 46, 275, 283 and deterministic parsing 284 and D-structure 62 example of parsing 308 and licensing 289 in Mandarin 282, 284 Wh 304-307 and theta-role assignment 285 and verb type 290

GAT (Georgetown Automatic Translation System) 159

GB theory see Government Binding theory

Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) 35, 153, 334

and covering grammar 32 and null subject 180 problems with 179 and slashed categories 153 and translation 161

generalized quantifiers and parsing 216

generate-and-test algorithm for binding 109 avoidance of 99 and parsing 24 in parsing 35 as parsing procedure 85 as parsing strategy 48 problems with 24 and scope complexity 189 and SLD inference 52

generate-and-test parser problems with 53 and termination 53

generation in machine translation 170

generative capacity and attribute grammar 89 and declarative grammar

representations 34 of node admissibility 34

generator for translation 159

generators 28 and linguistic principles 4


Move-a as example of 65 in parsing 65

genitive morpheme 245 German 160, 180, 341

and Wh-movement 341 global optimal principle ordering

lack of 68 government 49, 59, 85, 95, 101, 116, 239

attribute grammar implementation of 94

and attribute grammars 93-96 and Case 133 and Case assignment 133 definition of 93-94 exceptional 102

Government-Binding (GB) theory 39, 83, 85, 154, 179, 186, 221, 258, 305

and (J assignment 135 and ambiguity 117 and attribute grammars 93 and empty categories 110 modules used in translation system

164 and S-structure size 111 and Warlpiri 127

grammar algorithms vs. specifications for 112 declarative vs. generative

representations of 34 and generative capacity 117 procedural vs. abstract specification

of 113 psychological reality of 113 for simple interleaved parser 206 grammar-parser relation 220

grammar size and metarules 181 and processing time 158

grammatical competence 112 grammatical functions

object 127 and semantic roles 125 in Warlpiri 124, 127

grammaticality and attribute grammar 90 and principle-based system 6

grammatical theory and performance criteria 115 and program transformations 115 specification vs. algorithm for

112-116 grammatical vs. interpretable sentences

302

head 86, 93 of an A-chain 105 of argument chain 102 in attribute grammar 94 of a phrase 86 in Warlpiri 131

Head Feature Convention 35 Head Phrase Structure Grammar 35 Heavy-NP Shift 295 Hebrew 181 hierarchical (syntactic) structure (SS)

computer representation of 139 and Warlpiri 128, 129

Horn clause and parsing 44, 49 and grammatical theory 233

I-language 303 ill-formed sentences

and overgeneration 67 and parsing 180

incremental parsing 203, 204, 215 and bottom-up parsing 218 example of 213

inference control strategies 40, 46 inference rules

in parsing 44 infinitive-marking 241 Infl (Inflection) 181, 258

and acquisition 241-242, 251 as auxiliary 136 in Warlpiri 136 and Warlpiri parser 145 and X theory 86

Inherent Case assignment 70, 76, 97 inherited attribute 91

definition of 91 inject

action for Warlpiri parsing 142-143


interleaved processing of principles 10 and psycholinguistics 220 of syntactic and semantic constraints

14 interlingual approach 161

vs. transfer translation approach 162 and principle-based parsing 161-163 problems with 162

intermediate traces 98, 116 interpretation

incremental 203 interpretive analysis

advantages of 101, 113, 116 and chain rule 101 of empty categories 99 of indexing 101, 116 and traces 88, 97

intonation and chunking parser 277 and parsing 22

intransitive verb definition of 297 and sentence processing 356

intrinsic attributes 91 intrinsic determination

of empty categories 100 empty categories and problems with

100 IP (Inflection phrase) 176-177

and pre-IP position 87 as sentence 87

island constraints 301 explanation of graded violations of

322 and Barriers 312 and processing 332 as processing violations 311, 313,

315-317 and theta reanalysis constraint 310 as unprocessable 312 constraint violations 311

islands and V-INFL languages 339

Italian 181 item set

in LR parser 263 it-insertion 180

Japanese 7, 179, 333

kernel of LR item set 263 of sentence 210

Korean 333

landing site 6, 188, 191 of a moved phrase 19

language attribute grammar and 86 generated by attribute grammar 91 Dutch 371 English 127, 156, 163, 168, 181 German 160, 180, 341 Hebrew 181 Korean 333 Japanese 7, 179, 333 Mandarin 279-297 Navajo 165, 180 Romance 181 Scandanavian 20 Spanish 157, 158, 160, 166, 168,

171-176 Warlpiri 123-150

language acquisition and agreement 242 and Case filter 241 computer model for 239-256 examples of 245 experimental results of 240 and inflection 242 lexical acquisition 254 and morphology 242 and parameters 239, 254

launching site 188 lazy evaluation 74, 191 left-branching

vs. right-branching syntax 200 example of 200

left-corner parsing 48 left-recursion 48 level of representation 41

in parsing 39-40


in G B theory 40 lexical

acquisition 254 ambiguity 261 categories 86, 95 entries in acquisition model 249 entry for machine translation 173

Lexical expectation principle 348, 350 experimental support for 355, 357,

359 and gap detection 290 and sentence processing 349 summary discussion of 371 and traces 348

lexical frequencies and parser scores 267, 290

lexical functional grammar (LFG) 117, 334

lexical information and parsing 361

lexical insertion 105 lexically-headed Wh-phrases

and processing 368 lexical preferences

in parsing 290 lexical requirement constraint

and constrained parallel parser 244 lexical substitution 170 lexicon 43 see also lexical

and attribute grammar 91 and Case assignment 51 description of for translation 180 in principle-based parsing 7 and thematic roles 176 in translation 165

LF movement see also logical form and Subjacency 334

licensing and argument structure 135 function 136 and Warlpiri 149

linear resolution 233 linguistic definitions

and computation 81 linguistic filters

and determinism 72

linking 109 and attribute grammars 118 compared to coindexing 118 and chains 107

list notation for logic parsers 205

L-marking and barriers 318 and processing 312, 318, 323, 332

locality 196 attribute grammars and 117 of attribute statements 104 and chain binding 102 of grammatical principles 307 and island constraints 327

Locality Principle on Chains (LPC) definition 108 and path containment 108-109

logic advantages of for parsing 14 value of in principle-based parsing 13

Logical form (LF) 5, 13, 87, 204, 208-211, 213, 216

in parsing 39 predicates 212 rules for 209

logical language and Universal Grammar 43 vs. human language 61

logic programming and parsing as deduction 62 in parsing 199-235

long distance dependencies 17, 19, 321 long-distance movement 19 LR parser 218, 262 LR parsers 218

and ambiguity 264 and control stack 264 description 262-264 example of 262-263 and item set 263

machine translation 153-183 phenomena handled 155

major head 277 example of 258


major heads and chunks 258 examples 258

Mandarin 288 example of processing in 285 garden path sentence example 284 and parallel processing 288 processing in 279 sentence processing in 279-297 structural ambiguity in 280

Marcus parser 1 defects of 266

maximal command see m-command Maximal Filtering 196 Maximal filtering strategy

example of 190 maximal filtering strategy

and quantifier scope 189 maximal projections 94, 165

and parsing 244 m-command

definition of 93 mechanisms

for locating traces 372 METAL 153, 16D-161

and German translation 161 metarules

vs. parameters 180 Minimal binding requirement (MBR)

190, 196 and quantifier raising 188

minimal commitment parser 279-280 and Mandarin 285

minimal complete functional complex 195

minimal construction strategy 191 and quantifier scope 190

minimality and processing 322, 332

MITRE 10 model interpretation

rules for 210 model predicates 212 modularity 157

and autonomy 234 and chunking parser 276

computational advantages of 156-158 computational vs. representational

221 and parsing 297 programming language vs. linguistic

formalism 181 psycholinguistic evidence and 297

morpheme in parsing 140 in Warlpiri parser 145

morpheme parser in Warlpiri 141, 145, 147

morphological uniformity parameter (MUP) 242

and language acquisition 243 morphology 129, 138

and head 131 and language acquisition 242 Warlpiri 129

Move-a 4, 83, 88, 116, 157 and structure preserving hypothesis

89 movement

Comp-to-Comp 336 multiple complements

and X theory 105 multiple extraction

and attribute grammar 105

Navajo 165, 180 and parameters 180

negation as failure and linguistic principles 15

negative markers 249 Nested Dependency Constraint 108,320 node admissibility

and principle application 34 node number

and attribute grammar 117 nominative-accusative languages 127 nominative Case 181 nonargument

anaphoric relations 83 chain 104 Wh-trace 98

nondeterminism 266


and LR parsers 264 and LR parsing 262 and parsing 44

nonergative verbs 349 nonlexical categories 86-87 nonpedestrian parser 203-235 non-theta adjunction 190, 196

and quantifier raising 188 NP

and binding 98 lexical and chain 102 NP-shift 88 NP-trace 98

null subject 155, 171, 177, 181 and pro-drop 155 in Spanish 155

null subject parameter 167-168, 176 and Romance languages 181 in Spanish 158 and translation 163

null subjects vs. objects 254

null-subject stage 241, 245 computer model of 246 computer model test 246

objective Case 181 object traces

and sentence processing 347 obligatory control 187 Opacity 190, 196

and quantifier raising 188 opaque domain

and quantifier raising 188 operator 187, 281

and chain formation 102 operator-variable chain 316 optional constituents

and binary branching 88 order

of arguments and functors 217 ordering constraint (OC) 114 ordering strategies

of principles 190 for principle based parsing 69-74

orphan nodes

in parse tree 259 overgeneration

and parsing efficiency 9 and principle-based parsing 8, 67 and :x theory 31

PAD parsers see also parsing as deduction

example output 52 paradox

Steedman's 199 parallel parsing 84

principle-based 243-245 and sentence processing 350

parallel parsing models 280 parallel processing

evidence for 287-288 in Mandarin 288

parameter head initial-head final 179 idealization of instantaneous setting

252 parameter based acquisition

test of 246 parameter change

and language acquisition 252 parameterized parser 240 parameters 186

and acquisition stages 240 advantage of 178 and Case assignment 42 for Case assignment direction 51 and ciitic doubling 176 constituent order 162 for English 155 examples of 43 and grammar 39 and language acquisition 239, 254 and multiple languages 154 and Navajo 165 for Spanish and English 168-169 and universal grammar 42 in Warlpiri 131-132 and word order 148 and :x theory 42


parameter setting for English 86 and parsing 158

parasitic gap 20 and attribute grammar 105, 116 and parsing 281-282

parse example via deduction 207 nonpedestrian example of 226-237

parser chunk design 260 and complete-predict loop 173 deductive components 44 implementation in logic 65 recursive descent 186 as theorem prover 49 for Warlpiri precedence structure 140

parse relation 29 44 in Prolog 49 and psycholinguistics 61, 279-300,

301-345, 347-382 passim parse tree

of a chunk 259 chunk definition of 259

parsing and ambiguity 274, 297 analysis by synthesis 35 bottom-up 20-22 and chain formation 342 and chunks 22, 257-277 com"pleteness of 46 and complex features 62 and conjunct ordering 212 and control strategies 44 and control structure 26 and coroutine design 154 as deduction (PAD) 39-64 and delayed inference 53 and filters 65 and first-order logic 204 and 'freeze' predicate 53 for GB theory 41-59 and generate-and-test method 24, 48 and generators 65 incremental 199 as inference procedure 39

and interleaved computation 199-224 and language acquisition 239-256 and lexical information 359, 361 and lexical preferences 290 and long distance dependencies

301-342 and maximal projections 244 minimal commitment parser 280 online constraint application 156 and prosody 22, 257 and right-branching 199 rule-based vs. principle-based 1 and search 23-34, 223 soundness of 46 and subcategorization 12, 23, 221,

271, 290, 350-382 passim and surface cues 69-70 and Warlpiri 22, 123-151 and X theory 165, 243

parsing algorithm for Warlpiri 140-144

parsing as deduction 40 top-down control strategy 48

parsing complexity and binding 195

parsing efficiency and declarative representation 17 and enumeration 31 in principle-based parsing 8 and search 24

parsing model two-stage 297

parsing models deductive 39-64, 199-237 passim parallel 262, 280 serial 280

parsing preferences factors in 268 and subcategorization 270

parsing strategy and freeze predicate 53

partial evaluation and principle-based parsing 33

partial sentences and parsing 180

partitioning 192


and divide-and-conquer strategy 193 and quantifier scope 190 quasi 192

passive and Case 135 in Spanish 157

passive morphology 70 as cue for parsing 70

passive rule and principles 4 replaced by principles 1-2, 6, 48 rule vs. principle approach 156

path containment condition (PCC) 108-109

path theory 320 patient 175 pedestrian processing

definition of 203 performance model 84, 200 performance structures 277

and chunks 257 Permutation Constraint (PC) 114, 118 <p-phrases 258-260, 277 phonetic form (PF)

and parsing 39, 258 phrasal node adjunction 190

and quantifier raising 188 and scope 188

phrase structure 85 for I and C 87

pied-piping 322, 341 pleonastics 155 PLNLP 84, 104, 117 possessive determiner 352 postverbal manner adverbs 349 pragmatics

and language acquisition 248 precedence structure (PS) 129 precedence structure

computer representation of 139 details of Warlpiri parser for 141-143 and hierarchical structure 129 and grammatical relations 129 and morphology 129 parser actions for building 142 and Warlpiri 128

and Warlpiri parser 140 well-formedness condition on 131

predicate logic 195 and parsing 185-196

predicate vs. function 233 pre-IP position 87 principle-based parsing

as acquisition model 240 and adjunct islands 327-329 advantages of 153, 156, 168 advantages of for multiple languages

178 and analysis by synthesis 24 and backtracking 72-73 and base generation 32 and clause selection 26, 29 and compilation 33 and computation 6, 65-81 and constraint interleaving 26 and control strategy 54 and coroutine design 26, 170 and covering grammar 18 difficulty of 9 and dynamic ordering 80 example of dynamic ordering 79 examples of 74-79 and first-order logic 44, 204 and freeze technique 26-27 general description of 2 and grammaticality 6 and government 81 and idiosyncratic rules 180 and interlingual translation 161-163 and language acquisition 22,

239-256 passim and locality 72 and logical dependency structure 80 and logic programming 27 and ordering strategies 29 and overgeneration 8, 67, 72 parallel 243-253, 279-300 passim and parsing efficiency 8 and partial evaluation 33-34 and principle ordering 27 65-74 and Prolog 13 39-64 passim and psycholinguistics 11


and quantifier interpretation 185-196 and reaxiomatization 34, 56-59 vs. rule-based parser 1 and search space reduction 31-34 and sentential subject constraint

323-327 and theorem proving 189 and 8 criterion 176 and unfold-fold transformation 33 vs. rule-based parsing 3'01

principle compilation automatic vs. handcoded 34

principle interleaving 36 and efficient parsing 26

principle ordering and clause selection 12 and computational efficiency 74,

189-191, 196 condition A and ECP 68 and constraints 71 dynamic 14 experiments with 66 and logical dependencies 71 and parsing 65-66, 204 and principle-based parsing 27

PO-PARSER 66-81 principle ordering problem see also

principle ordering and psycholinguistics 220-224

principles see also principle-based parsing

computation with 26 and data dependency analysis 58 as declarative constraints 15, 34 and generate-and-test parsing 53 implementation of 156 and passive rule 2 representation as logic 14 vs. rules 156-158 for Spanish and English 168 and tree automata 62

principles and parameters framework 2 characteristics of 6 picture of 28

PRO (big PRO) 98, 187 and binding 98

and chain rule 102 pro (small pro) 98 procedural knowledge 46 processing

and ambiguity 279 in Mandarin 279-297 and subcategorization 279 Wh 347-380

processing capacity and island constraints 302

pro-drop 255 pro-drop parameter see null subject programming languages 89 program transformations

and grammatical theory 115 project

action for Warlpiri parsing 143 Projection Principle 102, 332 projections 127: 133, 165

of I and C 87 and X theory 86

Prolog 36, 74, 207, 209, 234 example parser predicate for 224-225 and principle-based parsing 13 and selection strategies 224

Prolog-II 53 Prolog proof

of parse 207 pronominal

and attribute grammar 99 and empty categories 98 overt 283

pronoun binding 185 proof strategies

for parsing 204, 212 propagation of scope

bottom-up 194 proper government 96

and attribute grammar 96 and principle-based parsing 81

propositional knowledge 46 prosodic phrases

and syntactic phrases 259 prosody

and chunks 257


PS well-fonnedness condition for Warlpiri 131

psycholinguistic evidence 180 and acquisition 239-256 passim and computational models 222, 234 and computer models 223 and control strategy 54 and incremental interpretation 199 for parser design 154 and principle-based parsing 11

psychological reality and grammar 112-113

QSB (quantifier scopes and bindings) description of 186 and predicate logic 185 and principle-based parsing 186 quantifier scope module of 189 computer program 185

Quantifier Raising (QR) and empty categories 88 and minimal binding requirement 188 and non-theta adjunction 188 and scope 187 and structure preservation 89 and phrasal node adjunction 188

quantifier scope 11, 185, 342 see also Quantifier Raising

and easier earlier strategy 189 example ambiguities in 185 and maximal filtering strategy 189 and minimal construction strategy

190 relative 185 and schematic representation 190 and wholesale filtering strategy 189

quantifier scope computation and computational complexity 188 computing 185-195 strategies for 189

quasi-partitioning 192 and quantifier scope 192

question mark effects of in sentence processing 375

questions 83 Quicksort 115

Raising 187 ranked parallelism model

in sentence processing 350 readings

and word sets 261 Reanalysis 118, 326 reaxiomatization 48, 56

and principle-based parsing 56 record structures

and attribute grammars 117 reference

incremental computation and 209 referential expression 98 regular grammars 117 relative clause 83, 318

and L-marking 318 relative quantifier scope 185, 188 relativization 187 representation

of principles 55 vs. computation 5

resolution proof techniques 207 restricted logic grammar 113 right-branching

and parsing 199 evidence for 199-202

rightmost derivation 277 rule-based

VB. principle-based parsing 1 rules vs. principles

comparison of 156-158

Sausage Machine 275-276 and chunk parser 276

Scandanavian languages and Wh-movement 20

schematic representation and quantifier scope 190

Scheme 36 scope

bottom-up propagation and scope of negation 194

and negation 194 and phrasal node adjunction 188 and quantifier raising 187 top-down propagation 194


scope ambiguity advantage of partitioning 193 and coordination 192 and donkey sentences 193 efficient computation of 189

Scope Principle 191 and quantifier ambiguity 188

score for parser tasks 268

scrambling 339 search strategies 214

and deduction 235 and principle ordering 214

select action for Warlpiri parsing 142

selection 145, 277 and major head 258

selectional properties and attachment preferences 270

selection functions and completeness 234

selection rule for incremental interpretation 213 for parsing proof 212

selection strategy and principle ordering 14

semantic ambiguity 179 in machine translation 180 properties of a language 86 syntax-directed 86 in UNITRAN 158

semantic head (s-head) and chunks 258 and syntactic heads 259

semantic roles 127 and grammatical functions 125 and thematic roles 166 in Warlpiri 125

sentence as IP 87

sentence processing and thematic roles 359 and traces 347

sentential subject constraint processing account of 323-329

and processing explanation 323-327 sentential subjects

processing explanation of 326 serial parsing models 280 serial VB. parallel parsing models

comparison 280--297 serial vs. parallel processing

psycholinguistic evidence 287 s-head see semantic head side effects

and linguistic filters 72 SLD inference 233

and parsing 52 small clause

and acquisition 241 sorting language 114-115

and abstract specification 113 sound resolution system 213 Spanish 154, 160

and clitic doubling 166 example GB constraints for 164 morphology and null subject 167 parameters for 169 passive rules in 157 principles for 168 translation example 171-176 translation of 21

spec-head agreement 313 specification

vs. algorithm for grammatical theory 115

Specified Subject Condition 338 specifiers 86-87, 93, 165

parameter choice for 176 speeded online grammaticality

judgment task 350 SS (precedencen structure), 127

and free word order languages 128 rule of combination 133 for Warlpiri 136

S-structure 4, 83, 110, 116 and attribute rules 107 and chain rule 107 size of compared to sentence length

111


stack in machine translation parser 173

static ordering 80 strong competence hypothesis 199, 201,

233 structural ambiguity 279

in Mandarin 282 structural Case assignment 70, 97 Structure Preserving Hypothesis 36, 83,

88, 149 structure-sharing 191 subcategorization

and deterministic parsing 281 frame 165 and GB vs. GPSG parsing 221 and parsing 12, 271, 290, 360, 379 and parsing preferences 270 processing 291 and sentence processing 279-300 use of by parser 288 and X theory 86 88 and processing 221 vs. argument structure 297

subcategory information not delayed in processing 296

Subjacency 66, 83, 116, 302, 304 bounding node vs. barrier definition

340 subject

English vs. Warlpiri 124 islands processing explanation of 327 position 116 traces and processing 347

subje~t-auxiliary inversion 155 subjectiess imperatives 248 surface structure 186

distinguished from S-structure 101 syntactic

vs. semantic ambiguity 273 features and attribute grammar 89 heads and semantic heads 259

syntactic vs. interpretive rules 204 syntax-directed compiler 89 syntax-directed rules

and -attribute grammar 86 syntax predicates 212

synthesized attributes 91, 117 definition of 91

target position 88 tense

in Warlpiri 130 terminal string function 61 that-trace effect 116 thematic

agent 177 divergence and translation 158, 170 information and processing 360-362 relations l1-relations 135

thematic roles 134, 166 and parsing 360 and sentence processing 359 X grammar and 86

theorem proving and parsing 46, 199-237 passim as parsing 39

theta assignment 138, 150 theta attachment (11 attachment)

305-306 theta-bound (l1-bound) 98 theta constraints

and example parse 308 l1-criterion (theta-criterion) 2, 65, 79,

102, 104, 106, 166, 176, 239, 254, 285

9 licensing 136, 150 theta positions

and direct object position 188 and quantifier raising 188

theta reanalysis constraint (TRC) 308 and complex NP constraint 319 in garden path sentence 308-309 and island constraints 312 and selection 339 and sentential subject constraint 324

l1-role (theta-role) 135, 166, 175, 181, 282, 285

and Government-Binding theory 135 transmission 166 175-176

11 theory (theta theory) 2, 4, 22-23, 39, 133-134, 156, 166 see also theta-roles, theta-criterion


top-down propagation of scope 194

topicalized constructions 83 Topic position 102

and empty operator 283 trace 68, 98

and coindexing 88 definition of 88 as empty category 88 and first-resort principle 348 and Lexical expectation principle 348 proper government of 98 and processing load 364 and scope principle 188 and sentence processing 347

trace-antecedent relations 83, 88 and Chain rule 84 interpretation of 101

Trace theory 4, 29, 157 choice of traces 167-168 in translation 164, 167-168

transfer approach for translation 160

transformational grammar 84 comparison of older theory of 19 computational complexity of 85 empty categories in 88 old vs. new approaches 10

transitive verbs and sentence processing 356 vs. intransitive verbs and sentence processing 362 and subcategory information 293

translation and argument structure 158 description of algorithm for 168-171 example of 171-176 generation phase 170 limitations of 179 principle-based (interlingual form)

159 and principle-based parsing 20 rule-based (noninterlingual) 159 semantics in 170 and thematic divergence 158 transfer approach 160

tree automata 16, 60 and attribute grammars 16 and Case filter 16 and GB principles 62

tree structure logical form 209

tree walking and parsing 36

Try next constituent principle and first-resort principle 370

Try the Next Constituent Principle 348 Two-level grammars 89 type

and attribute grammar 89 and domain 89

type transparency and strong competence hypothesis

234

unaccusative verbs 297, 336 unergative 336 unergative verbs 316

and processing 336 unfold/fold transformation 36, 58, 115

and parsing 56 and principle compilation 33

ungrammaticality 304 unification grammars

and attribute grammars 89 UNITRAN 153-183

acronym definition 179 basic design of 154 limitations of 179 phenomena handled 155 and semantics 158

Universal Grammar 48 as logical language 43

universal grammar (UG) 42-43 unprocessability 304 unrestricted rewriting systems 117

and attribute grammar 89 up-arrow notation (j)

distinct from lexical-functional grammar 117

in attribute grammar 117

vacuous operator 102


value semantics attribute grammars and 117

Verb Dominance Principle 290 Verb medial languages 340 verbs

accusative 297 complement and parsing 290 difficulties in translating 158 and parsing 290 and preposing 155 in Spanish and English 158 and subcategorization processing 291 unaccusative 297 in Warlpiri 149

verb transitivity and sentence processing 352-356

visibility condition 135

Warlpiri 7, 123, 181 and auxiliary position 124 and bottom-up parsing 140 and Case assignment 133-134 and Case Filter 136 and Case frames 134 Case markers in 130 and Case marking 124 description of 124-125 description of noun phrases in 124 and directionality 131 D-structure 127 and free word order 123-150 and Infl (Inflection) node 136 and licensing grammar 149 morphology 129 null auxiliary in 149 parameters for 131-132 parser input to 139 parser output from 139 parser representation for 139-140 parser for 21 parsing algorithm for 140-144 and precedence structure parsing

141-143 rules of 133 S-structure 127 tense in 130

and thematic roles (8-roles) 135 and 8-roles 150 and 8-criterion 136 verbs in 149-150

Warlpiri parser and Case marking 147 and clitics 144 and English parsing 147 example parse 144-147 and functional licensing 145 and hierarchical structure (SS) 140 and morphemes 145 and phonological form (PF) 149 and precedence structure 140

Wh complements and argument positions

330 and gap finding 23, 347-382 passim phrase 282 in sit'll and Subjacency 333 trace 98

Wh-island constraint processing explanation of 329-332

Wh-movement 17 and C-specifier position 87 and multiple extractions 109 and theta reanalysis constraint

314-317 wholesale filtering strategy

and quantifier scope 189, 196 who vs. what

in Wh-trace processing 367 Wh-trace processing

and processing load 363 and thematic roles 362 and who vs. what 367

word order and Case marking 148 and parameters 148

world model axioms for 210-211 and interpretation 209 and parsing 210

Xbar theory (X theory) 2, 10, 85, 163 and inflection 87

408

and overgeneration 8, 31 rule system 87 X schema 86

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

and subcategorization 88 and succession property 110 and thematic theory 88

Y-diagram and linguistic theory 4, 10 of transformational grammar 10

yield of a tree 61

Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy

1. H. HiZ(ed.): Questions. 1978 ISBN 90-277-0813-4; Pb: 90-277-1035-X 2. W. S. Cooper: Foundations of Logico-Linguistics. A Unified Theory of

Infonnation, Language, and Logic. 1978 ISBN 90-277-0864-9; Pb: 90-277-0876-2

3. A. Margalit (ed.): Meaning and Use. 1979 ISBN 90-277-0888-6 4. F. Guenthner and S.J. Schmidt (eds.): Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for

Natural Languages. 1979 ISBN 90-277-0778-2; Pb: 90-277-0930-0 5. E. Saarinen (ed.): Game-Theoretical Semantics. Essays on Semantics by

Hintikka, Carlson, Peacocke, Rantala, and Saarinen. 1979 ISBN 90-277-0918-1 6. F.J. Pelletier (ed.): Mass Terms: Some Philosophical Problems. 1979

ISBN 90-277-0931-9 7. D. R. Dowty: Word Meaning and Montague Grammar. The Semantics of Verbs

and Times in Generative Semantics and in Montague's PTQ. 1979 ISBN 90-277-1008-2; Pb: 90-277-1009-0

8. A. F. Freed: The Semantics of English Aspectual Complementation. 1979 ISBN 90-277-1010-4; Pb: 90-277-1011-2

9. 1. McCloskey: Transformational Syntax and Model Theoretic Semantics. A Case Study in Modern Irish. 1979 ISBN 90-277-1025-2; Pb: 90-277-1026-0

10. 1. R. Searle, F. Kiefer and M. Bierwisch (eds.): Speech Act Theory and Prag-matics. 1980 ISBN 90-277-1043-0; Pb: 90-277-1045-7

11. D. R. Dowty, R. E. Wall and S. Peters: Introduction to Montague Semantics. 1981; 5th printing 1987 ISBN 90-277-1141-0; Pb: 90-277-1142-9

12. F. Heny (ed.): Ambiguities in Intensional Contexts. 1981 ISBN 90-277-1167-4; Pb: 90-277-1168-2

13. W. Klein and W. Levelt (eds.): Crossing the Boundaries in Linguistics. Studies Presented to Manfred Bierwisch. 1981 ISBN 90-277-1259-X

14. Z. S. Harris: Papers on Syntax. Edited by H. HiZ. 1981 ISBN 90-277-1266-0; Pb: 90-277-1267-0

15. P. Jacobson and G. K. Pullum (eds.): The Nature of Syntactic Representation. 1982 ISBN 90-277-1289-1; Pb: 90-277-1290-5

16. S. Peters and E. Saarinen (eds.): Processes, Beliefs, and Questions. Essays on Fonnal Semantics of Natural Language and NaturaI Language Processing. 1982

ISBN 90-277-1314-6 17. L. Carlson: Dialogue Games. An Approach to Discourse Analysis. 1983; 2nd

printing 1985 ISBN 90-277-1455-X; Pb: 90-277-1951-9 18. L. Vaina and J. Hintikka (eds.): Cognitive Constraints on Communication.

Representation and Processes. 1984; 2nd printing 1985 ISBN 90-277-1456-8; Pb: 90-277-1949-7

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19. F. Heny and B. Richards (eds.): Linguistic Categories: Auxiliaries and Related Puzzles. Volume I: Categories. 1983 ISBN 90-277-1478-9

20. F. Heny and B. Richards (eds.): Linguistic Categories: Auxiliaries and Related Puzzles. Volume II: The Scope, Order, and Distribution of English Auxiliary Verbs. 1983 ISBN 90-277-1479-7

21. R. Cooper: Quantification and Syntactic Theory. 1983 ISBN 90-277-1484-3 22. J. Hintikka (in collaboration with J. Kulas): The Game of Language. Studies in

Game-Theoretical Semantics and Its Applications. 1983; 2nd printing 1985 ISBN 90-277-1687-0; Pb: 90-277-1950-0

23. E. L. Keenan and L. M. Faltz: Boolean Semantics for Natural Language. 1985 ISBN 90-277-1768-0; Ph: 90-277-1842-3

24. V. Raskin: Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. 1985 ISBN 90-277-1821-0; Ph: 90-277-1891-1

25. G. T. Stump: The Semantic Variability of Absolute Constructions. 1985 ISBN 90-277-1895-4; Pb: 90-277-1896-2

26. J. Hintikka and J. Kulas: Anaphora and Definite Descriptions. Two Applications of Game-Theoretical Semantics. 1985

ISBN 90-277-2055-X; Pb: 90-277-2056-8 27. E. Engdahl: Constituent Questions. The Syntax and Semantics of Questions with

Special Reference to Swedish. 1986 ISBN 90-277-1954-3; Pb: 90-277-1955-1 28. M. J. Cresswell: Adverbial Modification. Interval Semantics and Its Rivals. 1985

ISBN 90-277-2059-2; Ph: 90-277-2060-6 29. J. van Benthem: Essays in Logical Semantics 1986

ISBN 90-277-2091-6; Ph: 90-277-2092-4 30. B. H. Partee, A. ter Meulen and R. E. Wall: Mathematical Methods in Linguis-

tics. 1990 ISBN 90-277-2244-7; Pb: 90-277-2245-5 31. P. Gardenfors (ed.): Generalized Quantifiers. Linguistic and Logical Ap-

proaches.1987 ISBN 1-55608-017-4 32. R. T. Oehrle, E. Bach and D. Wheeler (eds.): Categorial Grammars and Natural

Language Structures. 1988 ISBN 1-55608-030-1; Pb: 1-55608-031-X 33. W. J. Savitch, E. Bach, W. Marsh and G. Safran-Naveh (eds.): The Formal

Complexity of Natural Language. 1987 ISBN 1-55608-046-8; Pb: 1-55608-047-6 34. J. E. Fenstad, P.-K. Halvorsen, T. Langholm and J. van Benthem: Situations.

Language and Logic. 1987 ISBN 1-55608-048-4; Pb: 1-55608-049-2 35. U. Reyle and C. Rohrer (eds.): Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic

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38. G. Chierchia, B.H. Partee and R. Turner (eds.): Properties. Types and Meaning. Volume I: Foundational Issues. 1989 ISBN 1-55608-067-0; Pb: 1-55608-068-9

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Set ISBN (Vol. I + II) 1-55608-088-3; Pb: 1-55608-089-1 40. C.TJ. Huang and R. May (eds.): Logical Structure and Linguistic Structure.

Cross-Linguistic Perspectives. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-0914-6 41. MJ. Cresswell: Entities and Indices. 1990

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INDEX OF NAMES - Springer978-94-011-3474-3/1.pdf · INDEX OF NAMES Aaronson, D. 355 Abelson, H. 8, 36 ... and CP 106 attribute grammar 12, 15, 85 and applicative expressions 90 and