Index Spiral Items #1-32

• REQUIRED: Each card should include the following:– Title – Topic # (that matches the Table of Contents)– Concise / most important information– Use of color to highlight information– When able: an illustration, an example, a verb

chart, etc.

#1 Asking / Telling Your Name

• Formal way to ask• Informal way to ask• Two ways to say it:– I call myself…– My name is…

• Make note of the common mistake: Me llamo es…, which would translate as, “I call myself is…”

#2 Ways to Greet Someone & Ask How They Are

• Greeting vocab w/ English definitions• Introduction vocab w/ English definitions• Titles (Mr., Mrs. & Miss) w/ English definitions

#3 Ways to Say Goodbye

• General goodbye vocab w/ English definitions

#4 Cognates & Crossover Words

• Cognates: words from different languages that share same origin / Latin or Arabic root

• They look identical or very similar from one language to another– Give example of a true cognate– Give example of a false cognate

• Crossover Words: words that are adopted from one language to another– Give an example of a crossover word

#5 Tú vs Usted

• Both mean…• Informal (familiar) vs formal• Examples of whom you would address with

one or the other• English rule of thumb for knowing when to use

usted• Proper abbreviation of usted

#6 Numbers 1-20

• List numbers 1-20• Underline –ce ending for #s 11-15• Only “Q” number under 100?• Underline dieci prefix for #s 16-19• Underline veinti prefix for #s 21-29• Spelling hint for 20...

#7 Counting by 10s

• Write the 10s through 100• Underline potential spelling errors, for

example cuarenta

#8 Telling & Asking Time

• This topic will most likely take up 2 sides of an index card.

• How to ask what time it is & general time vocab w/ English translation– y, menos, cuarto & media

• Draw a clock that shows where you would “add” minutes and where you would “subtract” them.

• We use la/las because time is…• When subtracting, it’s not about the hour that it is,

it’s about the hour…

#9 Spanish Calendar• This topic will most likely take up 2 sides of an index

card.• General calendar vocab w/ English translation– Day, week, month, etc.

• Days of the week and months should always be written…• The week in a Spanish calendar starts on a…• Days of the week w/ English translation (don’t forget to

add an accent on Wednesday and Saturday• Months w/ English translation

#10 Writing & Asking the Date

• Asking what the date is• Asking what day (of the week) it is• The complete sentence way to write the date

with the formula you have learned: – It is the ____ of ______ (de 2015).

• Using primero instead of “uno” for the 1st

#11 The 4 Seasons

• The word season in both singular & plural• Asking which season it is• The 4 seasons (including the article) w/

drawings for each one• You may want to add the hints you’ve learned

to tell them apart (falling leaf, etc.)

#12 Weather

• How to ask about the weather• The 7 weather terms – the 5 with “hace” and

the 2 without• Add drawings for each weather term

#13 Colors

• How to ask what color something is• The colors – instead of the English translation,

add the actual color for each one

#14 Identify Parts of the Body

• Draw a stick figure (or something fancier) and label the 11 body parts that you learned (include the article)

• Make a note of your body part exception word• Highlight the body part with an accent

#15 Infinitives

• What part of speech is it?• Who is doing it?• What do infinitives lack?• Note that it’s the simplest/most basic form of

a verb• What does it look like in English?• 3 infinitive endings in Spanish / examples of

each

#16 Positive Statements• What “me gusta” really translates into• How “A mí” is added emphasis for

“me”• How “A ti” is added emphasis for “te”• The 3 positive statements: I like, I like

it/to a lot and I like it/to more/better.

#17 Negative Statements

• The word “no” in Spanish can also mean…• Highlight where the no goes (after the “a mí”

and before the me gusta)• The 3 negative statements: I don’t like it/to, I

don’t like it/to at all, I neither like to ___ or ___.

#18 Agreeing/Disagreeing with Positive/Negative Statements

• Short way to agree with a positive statement• Short way to agree with a negative statement• What happens when you don’t agree? You

make your own original statement on whether you like to do something or not.

• “Pues” would be a good vocab word to use when disagreeing

#19 Answering Yes/No Questions

• How to answer in the positive• How to answer in the negative• What does the double no mean?• Why don’t you need a double “yes?”

#20 Gender of Nouns

• All nouns in Spn. are masculine (M) or feminine (F) – this is called gender

• Gender is based on word origin and how the word ends.

• Only thing you can look at to know the gender of a noun 100%...

• Look at ARTICLE first, noun ENDING second.

• MOST noun endings follow a pattern – we use the following acronyms to help us determine gender when we DON’T have an article.

• MOST nouns are masculine if they end in:

L, O, S, E, R, MA, N• MOST nouns are feminine if they

end in:D, IÓN, Z, A

• Some nouns don’t follow this pattern (the acronyms) – those are gender “exception” words

#21 Gender Exception Nouns• They are nouns that do NOT

follow the usual pattern endings (the acronyms) in order to determine gender.

• The ending is masculine or feminine but the article is OPPOSITE of what it should be.

• You have no choice but to memorize them!

*Only shortened version of word is opposite, regular word is normal.

la televisión la fotografía

– la mano (hand)– la clase (class)– el día (day)– el lápiz (pencil)– la tele (TV)*– la leche (milk)– la carne (meat)– el agua (water – singular only)– el arroz (rice)– la madre (mother)– el papá (dad)– la flor (flower)– la foto (photo)*– la mujer (woman)– la sal (salt)

#22 Descriptive Adjectives• Where are most descriptive adjectives

placed? Give an example• Common adjective endings: M / F/ Neutral• What is SVINA?

#23 Adjective Agreement

• Definition of adjective agreement• Give an example

#24 Definite & Indefinite Articles

• Write them all out – show masculine/feminine, singular/plural

• What do they mean?• An example of how you would use them

#25 Subject Pronoun Chart (when we conjugate)

• Definition of a subject• Make the chart in both English & Spanish (you can put

them together or separate them)• Be sure to include 1st, 2nd, 3rd person & which side is

singular or plural• Circle the subject pronouns w/ accents• Make note of the one that is only used in Spain• Abbreviate usted & ustedes on the side so that you

know how to do it• Highlight the Ud. & Uds. that moved down to 3rd person!

#26 Present Tense Conjugation Endings for Regular –AR Verbs

• Write the –AR conjugation endings in the subject pronoun format

• Go ahead and conjugate an –AR verb of your choice

#27 How to Conjugate a Regular Verb

• What is conjugation?• Write the following steps:– Identify the subject – who is doing the action?– Identify what time of infinitive it is – Drop the infinitive ending – Replace it with the conjugation ending that

matches the subject • Make note of how there are different

conjugation endings for –ER & -IR infinitives

#28 Subject/Verb Agreement

• Definition of subject/verb agreement• Give an example

#29 Ordinal Numbers 1st-10th • Straightforward – write the ordinal numbers

in Spanish with the English translation or just the ordinal number itself: primero/a = 1st

• Make note of how 1st and 3rd have the shortened version whenever they are placed in front of a masculine, singular noun

#30 The Irregular Verb Estar• One of the 2 verbs in Spanish that means “to be”• Irregular verb (regular –AR conjugation endings don’t

work)• Translates into English as is, am, are• Conjugate the verb; highlight the fact that the first

person singular & plural forms DO NOT HAVE ACCENTS!

• The acronym PLACE helps in remembering when to use the verb estar – what do the letters stand for?

#31 Prepositions• Karate chop?• Preposition “dance?”• Add to the left and to the right• What are the 4 ways to say “of the?” Highlight

the contraction that is different from the others.

#32 Plural Rules of Nouns & AdjectivesNouns and adjectives share the same 3 rules:• If the word ends in a vowel, add an –S• If the word ends in a consonant, add an –ES• If the word ends in a –Z, drop the –Z and add –CES

• Give an example of each for BOTH an adjective and a noun.