INDEX TOOKLAHOMA POliTICS

VOLUMES 1-9

This index presents the contents of the first nine volumes ofOle/ahoma Politics. For convenient reference, the citations are ftrstpresented alphabetically by principal author. Then, the index repeats thecitations by volume year. Where authors' abstracts were available thesehave been included in this second listing.

184 OKLAHOMAPOLmCS I NOVEMBER2001

INDEX SEcnON 185

INDEX BY AUTHOR

Adkison, DlUIIlY M. "Initiative, Courts, and Democracy" 2(Oct 93).

Aguirre, Grant "The Determinants of Grade Inflation: A ResearchNote" 9(Oct 00).

Anderson, Rita S.G, and James J. Lawler, "Implementation of theEmergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act in Oklahoma:Elite Dominance and Community Non-Participation" 4(Oct 95).

Atkins, Hannah D. "Tbe Role of Women in Oklahoma State Politics"6(Oct97).

Benson, Megan "Reform and Retaliation: Cora Diehl and The LoganCounty Election of1891" 4(Oct 95).

Connelly, Michael, and Gregory Moss "The Deliberative OpinionCaucus: A New Mechanism for Democratic Input and Judgment" 5(Oct96).

Copeland, Gary W., and Joim David Rausch, Jr. "Sendin'Em HomeEarly: Oklahoma Legislative Term Limitations" 2(Oct 93).

186 OKLAHOMAPOLmCS / NOVEMBER2001

Darcy, R., and Erik Motsinger "Oklahoma Ballot Access is Reasonable"8(Oct99).

DavenJMII1, James "Political Perspectives in Central Oklahoma: TestingSowell and Lakofl" 9(Oct 00).

Farmer, Rick"David and Goliath: Media Effects in the 1990 OklahomaState Treasuret"s Race"3(Oct 94).

Farmer, Rick "Overview of the Oklahoma Legislature" I(Oct 97).

Farmer, Rick "The Effects of Term Limits on Oklahoma Legislators"4(Oct95).

Focht, Will, Michael W. Hirlinget', and James J. Lawler"A PoliticalParticipation Model ofCitizen Nimby Opposition" 7(Oct 98).

Frankland, Erich G "The Wastewatet' Treatment Construction GrantsProgram: The Impact of 'New' Federalism" 4(Oct 95).

Gaddie, Ronald Keith, and Scott E. Buchanan "Shifting PartisanAlignments in Oklahoma" 6(Oct 97).

Garrett, Terence M. "The Art of Judgment: A Case StudyOrganizational Analysis of the Oklahoma City Fire Department, April19, 1995" 5(Oct96).

Garrett, Terence M. and Geoffrey D. Petet'SOll "You Get Yours, I'llGet Mine: A Policy Analysis ofFacuity Salaries for the Professorate inOklahoma" 9(Oct 00).

Graham, Michael "Craig V. Boren: Sex Discrimination, 3.2% B=,and the Clash Between Oklahoma Law and the Equal Protection Clause"8(Oct99).

Herrick, Rebekah, Marie Miville, and Judith S. Kaufinan "ExplainingOklahomans' Support For Gay and Lesbian Issues: Affect, Cognition,and Prejudice" 5(Oct 96).

INDEX SECTION 187

HoDoway, Harry "Oklahoma COITUption Past and Present" 6(Oct 97).

Holloway, Harry, with Frank S. Meyers "The Oklahoma CountyCommissioner Scandal: Review, Reform. and the County Lobby"1 (Oct92).

Jewell, Malcolm E. "Sources of Support for Legislative TermLimitations in the States" 2(Oct 93).

Jones Jr., Randan J. "UsingTiJoo.Series Models to Explain and PredictState Gubernatorial Eleetion Outcomes: An Application to Oklahoma"8(Oct99).

Kirksey, Juon F., and David E. Wright ill "Black Women in StateLegislatures: The View from Oklahoma" l(Oct 92).

Kirkley, JIISOII F., et aI., "Interest Groups in Oklahoma, 1986 and1997"7(Oct98).

Maletz, Don. "Oklahoma Higher Education: The Budget, The FAculty;,The Mission" 8(Oet 99).

MaIetz, Don, and Jeny Herbel "The Oklahoma Ethics Commission"6(Oct97).

McCollum, LeaD E. "The Oklahoma Judiciary" 6(Oct 97).

McCoy, Melanie "The Impact of Oklahoma Indian Tribes on thePolitica1 Agenda of the U.S. Government" I(Oct 92).

McCoy, Melanie, and Corie Delashaw "Tribal Elections: AnExploratory Study ofthe Chickasaw Nation" 2(Oct 93).

Nixon, David 1.., William M. Parle, and Harold V. Sare "State ManagedExport Promotion in Oklahoma" 3(Oct 94).

Raaseb, Jr., David "Direct Democracy in Oklahoma" 6(Oct 97).

188 OKLAHOMAPOLmCS I NOVEMBER2001

Rausch, David "Legislative Term Limits and Electoral Competition inOk1ahoma: A Preliminary Assessment"7(Oct 98).

RaIlSh, Jr., David "Religion and Political Participation In Ok1ahomaCity" 3(Oct94).

Rausch, Jr., David, and Rick Fanner "Term Limits in Oklahoma" 6(Oct91).

Rosentbat, Cindy "Organizing for State Economic Development: TheCase of Oklahoma Futures"2(Oct 93).

Rosentbal, Cindy Simon "Women in the Oklahoma Legislature: TheExperience of Tokenism" 6(Oct 97).

Rosenthal, Cindy Simon, E. Barrett Ristropb, and Jocelyn Jones."Learning to Talk tbe Talk: Gender Differences in AdolescentSocialization to World Politics" 8(Oct 99).

Satterthwaite, Shad "Medicaid Reform in Oklahoma: LegislativeInformation Sources on a Complicated Issue" 9(Oct 00).

Sc:hrellll, S"unDe H. "Capitalizing on the Woman Question: OrganizingOklahoma Women into the Socialist Party in the Early Twentiet.hCentury" 7(Oct 98).

Shinn, Paul "Citizen Participation and Municipal Government in ThreeOklahoma Communities" 8(Oct 99).

Simpson, Pbillip "The Modernization and Reform of the OklahomaJudiciary"3(Oct94).

Simpson, Pbilllp "The Role of Partisanship in the Reform of theOklahoma Judiciary" 5(Oct 96).

Van Ness, Joseph T. "Strategic Oklahoma Politicians: Analysis of theOklahoma House of Representatives" I(Oct 92)

INDEX SECTION 189

Vestal, Theodore M. "Representation on the Oklahoma DemocraticParty's Central Committee: One Person/One Vote?" I(Oct 92)

Warner, Jean SblUllWay "Oklahoma Governors" I(Oct 97).

Warner, Larkin "The Oklahoma Economy" 6(Oct 97).

Wheeler, W. Michael, Beverly A. Wheeler, and Michael D. Connelly,"Trends in Oklahoma's Aging Prison Inmates" 4(Oct 95).

Winger, Richard "Oklahoma Law: Tough on Minor Party andIndependent Presideutial Candidates" 8(Oct 99).

INDEX BY VOLUME

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 1 (OCTOBER 1992)Vestal, Theodore M. "Representation on the Oklahoma DemocraticParty's Central Committee: One Person/One Vote?" pp. 1·16.

In the 19808 the Democratic party went through a seriesof reforms that restricted autonomy of state parties anddemocratized delegate selection for presideutial nominationconventions. Between 1985 and 1988 the rural and urbanfactions of the Democratic party of Oklahoma struggledover the question ofone personIone vote in representationin the State Central Committee (SCC). The matter wasresolved only when the Democratic National Committeethreatened to bar a delegation from Oklahoma at the 1988national convention unless the SCC was apportioned inaccordance with the national party's constitution. The SCCwas reconstituted on more democratic lines, and the state

190 OKLAHOMAPOLmCS I NOVEMBER2001

party, operating under a new constitution, has enjoyed amore united leadership. The struggle to reapportion theDemocratic party ofOklahoma looms as the most importantepisode in the organization's fifty year history.

Holloway, Harry, with Frank S. Meyers "The Oklahoma CountyCommissioner Scandal: Review, Reform, and the County Lobby" pp.17-34.

This article reviews the fmdings of an extended study ofOklahoma's county commissioner scandal (Okscam). Abasic finding is that institutiooal weaknesses allowed countycommissioners to operate with a combination ofresourcesand discretion that invited abuse. Second, reforms definitelyimproved the system but left in place much ofthe traditionalsystem of county road building, a system one observerdescribed as "road districtis". Third, the growing strengthofthe county lobby in support ofcounty government posesa potential long term threat to the persistence ofthe reformsenacted in reaction to Okseam.

Van Ness, .Joseph T. "Strategic Oklahoma Politicians: Analysis of theOklahoma House of Representatives" pp. 35-48.

In this study, Oklahoma House of Representatives racesfrom 1974-1988 are examined to the conclusion thatattorneys and previous officeholders are the two bestemployment categories from which to stage successfulchallenges to an incumbent or election to an open seat.Additionally, although open seats are more easily obtainedthan when an incumbent is present, parity can beapproached by a minority party over time by adhering tothe suggested electability model. If the public mood ischanging in the 90s, the implications of the model couldbecome even more significant.

McCoy, Melanie "The Impact of Oklahoma Indian Tribes on thePolitical Agenda of the U.S. Government", pp. 49-66.

This study of the effect of Oklahoma Indian tribes on thepolitical agenda of the U. S. government attempted to

INDEX SECTION 191

answer two research questions: whether the unique legaland political status ofIndian tribes provide them with specialaccess to, and influence on, the agenda-setting andpolicymaking of the national government and whetherOklahoma Indian tribes are abIe to advance a politicalagenda they define. The results of this study support theconclusion that the special status of the tribes does givethem special access to, and influence on, national policiesonly after they are established by other political actors.Therefore, Indian tribes are not able to advance a politicalagenda they define. The national Indian policy agenda isset by other political actors.

Kirksey, Jason F., and David E. Wright ill "Black Women in StateLegislatures: The View from Oklahoma" pp. 67-80.

Over the past 20 years the number ofblack women electedto public office has increased dramatically. However,beyond the act ofholding office comes the ability to directlyaffect change in public policy. In order to bring about policychange, elected officials have to become an integral partof the policy-making process. This article examines thelevel of incorporation conducted with members of thelegislative process. The results show that black womenappear to have become effective members of theOklahoma Legislature.

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 2 (OCTOBER 1993)Adldson, Danny M. "Initiative, Courts, and Democracy" pp. 1-12.

In 1992 Oklahoma's Supreme Court prevented thesubmission of an initiative petition to the votes on thegrounds that it unconstitutionally limited elective abortions.Such pre-submission review is examined in light ofconstitutional, theoretical, and practical arguments. Severalreasons are given for why the Court should adhere to anearlier precedent denying pre>-submission review.

192 OKLAHOMAPOLmCS I NOVEMBER2001

Rosenthal, Cindy "Organizing for State Economic Development: TheCase of Oklahoma Futures"pp. 13-32.

Oklahoma Futures was created by the OklahomaLegislature as a public-private partnership in 1987 in aneffort to redirect state economic development programsand strategies. This article retraces the history of andpolitical dynamics revolving around Oklahoma Futures andthen uses three models to analyze the organization'sdevelopment. The three models ofstructural development­top-down, diffusion, and structural choicc>-each providenecessary and useful explanatory insights, but none is totallysufficient.

Copeland, Gary W., and John David Rausch, Jr. "Sendin'Em HomeEarly: Oklahoma Legislative Term Limitations" pp. 33-50.

The drive to enact legislative term limitations has emergedas an enduring political movement in the early I 990s.However, the phenomenon has changed much sinceOklahoma voters approved State Question 632 onSeptember 19, 1m. Term limit supporters suffered onesetback with a defeat in Washington State in 1991, butwere overwhelmingly successful in 1992 with approval ofterm limit initiatives in 14 states. Now the focus of termlimit supporters is on working to enact a constitutionalamendment which would limit the tenure of members ofCongress from all fifty states. In being the first state toenact term limits, the Oklahoma experience teUs us muchabout how the term limit phenomenon began and providesa benchmark to judge how much the movement has beentransformed.

JeweU. Malcolm E. "Sources of Support for Legislative TermLimitations in the States" pp. 51-76.

In the election of 1990 and 1992 the voters in 15 statesapproved initiatives imposing term limits on the statelegislatures, by margins ranging from 77 to 52 percentThe purpose of this paper is to explain why the term limitinitiatives passed and what factors may have caused

INDEX SECTION 193

variations among the states in the level ofsupport. Amongthe factors considered are the characteristics of thelegislatures and the strictness of the proposed limitations,as well as several aspects of the campaigns: the sourcesof support from within or outside the state, sources ofopposition, the role of media, and differences in opinionand voting patterns ofvarious groups in the state. The mostimportant factor appears to have been how extensive aneffort was made by opponents of term limitations.

McCoy. MelaDie, and Corie Delashaw "Tribal Elections: AnExploratory Study of the Chickasaw Nation" pp. 77-9Q.

This is a preliminary study ofthe Chickasaw Nation's tribalelections for the legislature and governor in 199Q. Animportant historical issue has been the controversy betweenthe legislative branch and the executive branch over powerwithin the nation. The focus here is whether this controversyhad a significant impact on modem tribal elections.

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 3 (OCTOBER 1994)SimpsOD, Pbillip "The Modernization and Reform of the OklahomaJudiciary" pp. 1-14.

Between I%4 and 1970 trauma and fundamental changeswept through Oklahoma judicial system. In a state notknown for its modernizing and reforming impulses,Oklahoma developed the outlines ofa modern and effectivejudiciary. The state court system that prevailed when thescandals of 1964 broke imo the open is not at all the statecourt system we have today. A political and historicalanalysis of that tumultuous period in Oklahoma judicialhistory will tell why court reform succeeded then whenreform so often fails in Oklahoma. This paper examinesthe early judiciary and its critique, the push for judicialreform, the Supreme Court scandal of the 196090 and theeventual reform of the Oklahoma judiciary.

194 OKlAHOMAPOLmCS / NOVEMBER2001

RaIlSh, Jr., Joba David "Religion and Political Participation InOklahQlll8 City" pp. 15-30.

This study investigates the rate of political participationamong Protestant evangelicals and fundamentalists inOklahoma City. Using data collected by the 1991 OklahomaCity Survey (N=394), two competing hypotheses are tested.One hypothesis proposes that Evangelical andFundamentalist Protestant (EFPs) strongly favorotherworldly preparations over personal involvement inpolitical activities. This is found not to be the case. Thecompeting hypothesis that the New Christian Rightperceives a danger in the moral decay ofAmerican societyand, therefore, participates more actively in politics also isfuund wanting. Participation in religious activitieswas foundto be the significant indicator ofpolitical activity.

Farmer, Rick"David and Goliath: Media Effects in the 1990 OklahomaState Treasurer's Race" pp. 31-44.

This study adds to the debate on media effects in politicalcampaigns by examining the 1990 Oklahoma StateTreasurer's race. Extensive interviews with participantsin the race supported the hypothesis that Oklahoma CityTV news had a significant effect on the outcome of therace.

Nisoll, David L., Wi\liam M. Parle, and Harold V. Sare "State ManagedExport Promotion in Oklahoma" pp. 45-60.

State Governments have always played a role in economicdevelopment management, but their entry into direct exportpromotion is fairly recent. Although state governmentshave increased their involvement in this area, little is knownconcerning the outcome of such efforts. This study reportsand analyzes the findings of a survey of Oklahoma fJrtDSthat have received state based export assistance.

INDEX SECTION 195

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 4 (OCTOBER, 1995)Farmer, Rick "The Effects of Term Limits on OklahomaLegislators" pp. 1-10.

Term limits will have a dramatic effect on the membershipofthe Oklahoma Legislature. Senate will be most affected.Groups that will gain descriptive representation from termlimits include Republicans, women, and the young.

Andenon, Rita S.G, and James J. Lawler, "Implementation of theEmergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act in Oklahoma:Elite Dominance and Community Non-Participation" pp. 11-24.

The federal Emergency Planning and Community Right toKnow Act (EPCRA) directs Local Emergency PlanningCommunities (LEPCs) to make citizens aware ofchemicalhazards in their communities. This study of how EPCRAis being implemented in eight Oklahoma Communities findsthat: there is considerable variation in implementation fromone county to another; most communication by the LEPCsis directed to industry ratber than the general citizenry; themost active LEPCs are chaired and aided by industriesregulated by the laW; and LEPC members have a narrowview of their functions and limited understanding of theircommunity outreach responsibilities. Reforms are suggestedto involve the public more actively in the risk communicationprocess.

Beason, Megan "Reform and Retaliation: Cora Diehl and The LoganCounty Election of 1891" pp. 25-42.

This is an account of the election of the first woman inpublic office in the new territory ofOklahoma. The LoganCounty elections of 1891 pitted the majority Republicansagainst a fusion of the minority Democratic and People'sparties. Cora Diehl was the People's Party nominee forCounty Register of Deeds. Later she was endorsed by afusion convention for that office. This fusion provedsuccessful and Diehl was elected. But elements within herown party; as well as the Republicans, challenged herelection-a challenge that ultimately went to the Oklahoma

196 OKLAHOMAPOLmCS I NOVEMBER200I

Territory Supreme Court which upheld Diebl's election.This article examines the elements that COIItributed to herdefeat for re-election. Most significant of these was theadoption ofthe Australian ballot. The single ballot format,rather than the previously used partisan ballot, discouragedfusion. The new ballot had a specific impact on bothPopulist "mid-roaders~ and on the expanding black votingpopulation in Logan County. It is the assertion ofthis articlethat the Republican victory of1892 was directly attributableto the antifusion nature of the Australian ballot and thatthe decline of the third party movement also resuhed fromthe changed ballot format. As a result, women and blackslost their political voice.

Fnnkland, Erieh G "The Wastewater Treatment Construction GrantsProgram: The Impact of 'New' Federalism~pp. 43-64

The 1970's federal attempt to address water quality withnational standards and national funding ran into Reaganadministratioo initiated budget cuts. This left state and localgovernments with the task of meeting national waterstandards with largely local resources. The problem isillustrated in the cases of Muncie, Indiana and Norman,Oklahoma.

Wheeler, W. Michael, Beverly A. Wheeler, and Michael D. Connelly,"Trends in Oklahoma's Aging Prison Inmates~ pp. 65-81.

Prison populations are aging and Oklahoma's is noexception. Currently seven percent of Oklahoma's prisonpopulation is 50 years old or more, and this older populationis growing at a faster rate than their younger counterparts.Changes in statutes related to sentencing, longer lifeexpectancy, and an increase in crime committed by olderindividuals are all contributing to the situation. As prisonpopulations age, the problems facing corrections officialswill also change. The specialized needs of this particularsegment ofthe prison population are not only different fromthose of traditionally younger inmates, but they are alsodiverse within the group. This trend towards a growingelderly prison population and its associated concerns andproblems is forcing new thinking about incarceration.

INDEX SECTION 197

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 5 (OCTOBER 1996)SimpsoD, Phillip "Tbe Role of Partisanship in the Reform of theOklahoma Judiciary" pp. 1-16.

Oklahoma judicial reform in the late 1960s represented aclasb between populist values of partisan democracy,reformist non-partisan baUots, and the Missouri plan ofthelegal reformers centering on commission selected judges.Reform became inevitable when the Supreme Court briberyscandals bit. The race between the legislature's 'mixed'reform package and the more radical Missouri plan reformadvocated by sponsors ofan initiative referendum was wonby the legislature.

HeITiek, Rebekah, Marie Miville, and Judith S. Kaufman "ExplainingOklahomans' Support For Gay and Lesbian Issues: Affect, Cognition,and Prejudice" pp. 17-30.

Prejudice and symbolic beliefs were expected to have adirect effect on Oklahoma's support for gay and lesbianissues, while emotions and stereotypes concerning gaysand lesbians were expected to have an indirect effect. Themodel is tested and confirmed among students at OklahomaState University. Gender and ideology provide anindependent effect on support for gay and lesbian policies.

Garrett, Terenee M. "Tbe Art of Judgment: A Case StudyOrganizational Analysis of the Oklahoma City Fire Department, April19,1995"pp.31-44.

The author argues that stories told by managers, and thesubsequent judgements they make when engaged in theactual work, are an effective way to communicate usefulknowledge to students and practitioners of publicadministration. Tbe recent Oklaboma City bombingproduced massive response by many government agencies.The Oklahoma City Fire Department was on the sceneearly and bad primary responsibility for safety and rescue.Tbe event produced a complex set of problems foradministrators and required changes in rules and proceduresthat had not been taken into account planning. Using a

198 OKLAHOMA POLITICS I NOVEMBER2001

case study approach, the author argues that adaptation toa chaotic milieu requires an understanding and appreciationof the human capacity for innovation. This is often notrecognized as legitimate by traditional scientific analysis.

Connelly, Michael, and Gregory Moss "The Deliherative OpinionCaucus: A New Mechaoism for Democratic Input and Judgment" pp.45-60.

Local governments, including school districts, are facedwith the same crisis oflegitimacy and credtbility confrontingall democratic systems today. To develop greater publicinput and confidence and to determine better actual "publicjudgement" on issues, one local school district created a'deliberative opinion caucus' from models by Dahl, Fishkin,and others. Although the 'caucus' failed to reach astatistically representative cross section of the communityas planned, it instituted a mechanism enhancingparticipants' perceived efficacy and policymakers'knowledge of community desires. Its success provides alllocal governments a means to improve public knowledgeofand confidence in local policymaking.

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 6 (OCTOBER 1997)This edition consists ofa number ofintroductory articles to The Almanacof OlrJahoma Politics. These articles have no abstracts.

Farmer, Rick "Overview of the Oklahoma Legislature" pp. 3-6.Warner, Jean Shumway "Oklahoma Governors" pp. 7-14.McCoUum, Lesli E. "The Oklahoma Judiciary" pp. 15-24.Gaddie, Ronald Keith, and Scott E. Buchanan "Shifting Partisan

Alignments in Oklahoma" pp. 25-32Rausch, David "Direct Democracy in Oklahoma" pp. 33-36.Rausch, Dave, and Rick Farmer "Term Limits in Oklahoma"pp.37-42.Rosenthal, Cindy Simon "Women in the Oklahoma Legislature: The

Experience ofTokenism" pp. 43-48.Atkins, Hannab D. "The Role of Women in Oklahoma State Politics"

pp.49-52.

INDEX SECTION 199

Holloway, Harry "Oklahoma Corruption Past and Presenf' pp. 53-60.Maletz, DoD, and Jerry Herbel "The Oklahoma Ethics Commissiont"

pp.61-66.Warner, Larkin "The Oklahoma Economy" pp. 67-76.

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 7 (OCTOBER 1998)Focht. Will, Michael W. Rirlinger, and James J. Lawler"A PoliticalParticipation Model ofCitizen Nimby Opposition" pp. 1-24.

Why citizens choose to oppose sitings ofnoxious facilitiesin their communities is examined in a 1991 survey ofOklahoma adults' risk judgements. Regression models ofboth actual and hypothetical NIMBY-motivated politicalparticipation are tested. The composite risk-judgmentcomponent proves significantly related to NIMBYparticipation in both actual and hypothetical siting scenarios,but not in tbe same way. An important finding is that tbeexistence of hypothetical bias in greenfield communitiescan invalidate survey fmdings conducted as part ofcommunity relations planning.

Schrems, SuzanneH. "Capitalizing on the Woman Question: OrganizingOklahoma Women into the Socialist Party in the Early TwentiethCentury" pp. 25-38.

In Oklahoma, three women, Winnie Branstetter, KateRichards O'Hare and Caroline Lowe stand out as strongSocialist party orgllJlizers who capitalized on tbe womensuffiage question to gain recruits to tbe party and, therefore,a new voting strength with which to initiate social changein tum-of-the-=rtury Oklahoma.

Rausch, David "Legislative Term Limits and Electoral Competition inOklahoma: A Preliminary Assessment" pp. 39-58.

This paper examines the consequences of term limits oncompetition in primary and general elections for theOklahoma House of Representatives. Term limits appearto have had little effect on competition. In fact, term limitsmay have a negative effect on competition in primary and

200 OKlAHOMAPOLmCS I NOVEMBER2oo1

general elections. Increased competition may only occurwhen incumbents are prohibited from seeking reelection.

Kirksey, JUOD F., et aI., "Interest Groups in Oldaboma, 1986 and1997" pp. 59-90.

The interest group universe continues to expand inOldaboma. While education, labor, oil, and agriculturepersist, church influence and the newspapers are declining.Service, professional, business, banking, utility lobbies andtelecommunications are growing in power. Interest groupinfluence in Oldaboma is becoming more diversified as thestate continues to mature and develop economically.

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 8 (OCTOBER, 1999)Jo_ Jr., RaDdell J. "Using Timo-Series Models to Explain and PredictState Gubernatorial Election Outcomes: An Application to Oldaboma"pp.I-16.

In Oldaboma gubernatorial elections the candidate of theincumbent governor's party benefits from a healthy stateeconomy, though national economic conditions have littleinfluence. When the President is popular, Oklahoma voterssupport the gubernatorial candidate ofthe party not in theWhite House, evidencing anti-Washington sentiment. Aregression model incorporating these influences, along witha control for party, successfully predicted the outcome ofthe 1998 gubernatorial election.

Shinn, Paul "Citizen Participation and Municipal Government in ThreeOklahoma Communities" pp. 17-42.

A study of citizen participation and relations betweencitizens and their elected officials in three suburbanOldaboma City communities shows that all forms ofcitizenparticipation are very low and that elected officials aregenerally forced to make decisions with very little input.Modes of decision-making, dealing with conflict, andcbanging.regimes aU suggest that Dahl's model ofpluralism,designed to explain the politics of 1950s New Haven, fit

INDEX SECTION 201

these 19908 suburbs nearly as well. While there are signsof growing communitarianism and civicism in thesecommunities, these activities are supplementing, notsupplanting, the plural democratic systems.

Graham, Michael "Craig V. Boren: Sex Discrimination, 3.2% Beer,and the Clash Between Oklahoma Law and the Equal Protection Clause"pp.43-64.

Political events in Oklahoma interact with national trendsto produce a Supreme Court decision establishing equalgender rights for states.

Winger, Richard "Oklahoma Law: Tough on Minor Party andlndepeodeot Presidential Candidates" pp. 65-82.

NO ABSTRACT

Darcy, R., and Erik Motsinger "Oklahoma Ballot Access is Reasooable"pp.83-9O.

Richard Winger has amassed an amazing amount ofelectoral facts and these he applies toward an analysis ofballot access. 10 this journal he argues Oklahoma electionlaw is tough on minor and independent presidentialcandidates and is out of line with current practice in theother states. He has orll/lnized an eclectic body of arcanematerial in support of his contention. Here, we show thatOklahoma law is not particularly tough on minor andindependent presidential candidates.

MaIetz, Donald J. "Oklahoma Higher Education: The Budget,The Faculty, The Mission" pp 93-105.

NO ABSTRACT

Rosenthal, Cindy Simon, E. Barrett Ristroph, and Jocelyn Jones."Learning to Talk the Talk: Gender Differences in AdolescentSocialization to World Politics"PP 107-127.

Several Oklahoma universities sponsor Model UnitedNations simulations as an extracurricular activity foradolescents from middle school through college. These

202 OKLAHOMAPOLITICS / NOVEMBER200I

simulations provide a window on adolescent socializationto world politics offering an opportunity to examine whethermale and female adolescents participate in the same wayor have similar experiences. This project assessed genderdifferences in participation at the Model United Nations ofthe Southwest (MUNSW) at the University ofOklaboma.Important gender differences in participation wereobservedin the number ofspeaking turns taken by male and femaledelegates, types ofcommittees chosen by participants, andinteractions among delegates. The analysis suggests thatadolescents already have learned gender norms ofpoliticalbehavior and they reenact those norms in suchextracurricular activities. The structure ofthe event affectsbehavior and can be ahered to enhance the participationof all delegates, particularly females.

OKLAHOMA POLITICS, VOLUME 9 (OcrOBER, 2000)Davenport, James "Political Perspectives in Central Oklaboma: TestingSowell and Lakoff" pp. 1-29.

NO ABSTRACT

Satterthwaite, Shad "Medicaid Reform in Oklahoma: LegislativeInformation Sources on a Complicated Issue" pp. 30-45.

NO ABSTRACT

Garrett. Terence M. and Geoffrey D. Peterson "You Get Yours, I'llGet Mine: A Policy Analysis ofFacuity Salaries for the Professorate inOklahoma" pp. 49-71.

NO ABSTRACT

AgniJTe, Gl'lIIIt "The Determinants of Grade Inflation: A ResearchNote" pp. 73-80.

UsingCensus data and grade information provided by fouryear public universities in the southwestern United States,this research note offers a conjecture about the relationshipbetween the size of state university systems and theseverity of grade inflation.