India Space Technology

7/29/2019 India Space Technology

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India Satellite Communications


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SPACE CRAFTs


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SPACE CRAFTs

Aryabhata Indian earth atmosphere satellite. One launch, 1975.04.19. TheSoviet Union assisted India in development of Aryabhata, its first satellite,named for the Indian astronomer. The satellite conducted scientificexperiments on atmospheric research. More...

Bhaskara Indian earth land resources satellite. 2 launches, 1979.06.07(Bhaskara 1) and 1981.11.20 (Bhaskara 2). Experimental satellite forconducting earth resources survey over India. More...

Rohini Indian earth land resources satellite. 2 launches, 1980.07.18(Rohini RS-1) and 1983.04.17 (Rohini 3). Experimental-technology mission.More...

Rohini 2 Indian technology satellite. One launch, 1981.05.31. More...

Insat 1 Indian communications satellite. 5 launches, 1981.06.19 (Apple) to1990.06.12 (Insat-1D; Insat 1D). Experimental communications satellite.More...

SROSS Indian earth magnetosphere satellite. 4 launches, 1987.03.24(SROSS A) to 1994.05.04 (SROSS-C2). More...
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/bhaskara.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/bhaskara.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/bhaskara.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sross.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sross.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sross.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sross.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/rohini.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/bhaskara.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/bhaskara.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/arybhata.htm


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SPACE CRAFTs

IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. Operational, firstlaunch 1988.03.17. Remote sensing of the Earth fornatural resources management applications. More...

Insat 2 Indian communications satellite. 5 launches,

1992.07.09 (Insat-2A) to 1999.04.02 (Insat 2E). More... Insat 3 Indian communications satellite bus.

Operational, first launch 2000.03.21. The multipurposesatellite design provided telecommunications,television broadcasting, meteorological and search andrescue services. More...

GSat Indian communications satellite bus. First launch2001.04.18. More...
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/irs.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/irs.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/irs.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/gsat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/gsat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/gsat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/gsat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/irs.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/irs.htm


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SPACE CRAFTs

TES Indian military surveillance satellite. One launch, 2001.10.22.TES was an imaging satellite equipped with cameras andinstruments to test military reconnaissance satellite technology.More...

SRE Indian re-entry vehicle technology satellite. One launch,

2007.01.10. Indian experimental subscale Discoverer-type re-entrycapsule. A testbed for a projected $ 3 billion Indian project to orbita manned spacecraft by 2014. More...

Chandraayan Indian lunar orbiter. One launch, 2008.10.22. FirstIndian lunar orbiter. It released the MIP impactor. More...

Orbital Vehicle Indian manned spacecraft. Study 2015. Design of anIndian manned spacecraft began in October 2006. Dependent on afull funding decision at the end of 2008, planned first flight of the
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/tes.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/tes.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/tes.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sre.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sre.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sre.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/chaaayan.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/chaaayan.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/chaaayan.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/orbhicle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/orbhicle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/chaaayan.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/chaaayan.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sre.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/sre.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/tes.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/tes.htm


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INSAT -1


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INSAT-1(Apple)

Insat 1 Chronology

1981 June 19 - . 12:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. LaunchComplex: Kourou ELA1. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 1.LV Configuration: Ariane 1 L03. Apple- . Nation: India.Agency:ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian

communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. CompletedOperations Date: 1983-09-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 12545 . COSPAR: 1981-057B.Apogee: 35,945 km (22,335 mi). Perigee: 35,752 km (22,215mi). Inclination: 10.0000 deg. Period: 1,439.30 min. Experimentalcommunications satellite. Geosynchronous altitude, longitude 10deg East. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 102 deg E in 1981-

1982 As of 31 August 2001 located at 42.73 deg W drifting at 0.834deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 39.31E drifting at0.875W degrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm


8/30

INSAT-1A

1982 April 10 - . 06:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. LaunchComplex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. LV Family: Delta. Launch Vehicle: Delta3910/PAM. LV Configuration: Delta 3910/PAM 647/D161. Insat 1A - .Mass: 1,152 kg (2,539 lb). Nation: India.Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat.Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite.Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1982-09-04 . USAF Sat

Cat: 13129 . COSPAR: 1982-031A.Apogee: 35,829 km (22,263 mi). Perigee:35,734 km (22,204 mi). Inclination: 13.3000 deg. Period: 1,435.80 min.Also carried transponders for domestic communications. Operationalmultipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological, imagingand data relay, radio and television programme distribution and directtelevision broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbitlongitude 74 E. A/AC.105/INF.391 was reissued as ST/SG/SER.E/79. Alsoregistered by the United States as 1982-31A in ST/SG/SER.E/67, withcategory C and orbital parameters 1416.7 min, 35032 x 35783 km x 0.5deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 73 deg E in 1982 As of 29August 2001 located at 82.99 deg E drifting at 0.337 deg W per day. As of2007 Mar 10 located at 39.55E drifting at 0.205W degrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/delta.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/delta.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del10pam.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/delta.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htm


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INSAT-1B

1983 August 30 - . 06:32 GMT - .Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. LaunchComplex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle:Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-8. Insat-1B; Insat 1B - .Payload: Insat 1B. Mass: 1,152 kg (2,539 lb). Nation: India.Agency: ISRO.Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communicationssatellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1993-08-03 .

USAF Sat Cat: 14318 . COSPAR: 1983-089B.Apogee: 35,824 km (22,259mi). Perigee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Inclination: 3.6000 deg. Period:1,437.70 min. Released from STS 8 8/31/83; also carried transponders fordomestic communications. Operational multipurpose satellite fortelecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio andtelevision programme distribution and direct television broadcasting forcommunity reception. Geostationary longitude 74.0 +/ - 0.1 deg E.Deployment from US Space Transportation System flight no 8, orbiterChallenger, on 31 Aug 1983. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 degE in 1983-1992; 93 deg E in 1992-1993 As of 26 August 2001 located at125.27 deg E drifting at 0.152 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at80.35E drifting at 0.392E degrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc39a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc39a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc39a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/shuttle.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc39a.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htm


10/30

INSAT-1C

1988 July 21 - . 23:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex:Kourou ELA1. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 3. LVConfiguration: Ariane 3 V24. Insat-1C; Insat 1C- . Payload: Insat 1C. Mass:1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Nation: India.Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class:Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat1. Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19330 .

COSPAR: 1988-063A.Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km(22,217 mi). Inclination: 9.0000 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Stationed at93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operationalmultipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imagingand data relay, radio and television programme distribution and directtelevision broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbitlongitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle ofArianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version.Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. Asof 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane3.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm


11/30

INSAT-1D

1990 June 12 - . 05:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. LaunchComplex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. LV Family: Delta. Launch Vehicle: Delta4925-8. LV Configuration: Delta 4925-8 D196. Insat-1D; Insat 1D - .Payload: Insat 1D. Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Nation: India.Agency: ISRO.Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communicationssatellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. USAF Sat Cat: 20643 . COSPAR: 1990-051A.

Apogee: 35,851 km (22,276 mi). Perigee: 35,729 km (22,200 mi).Inclination: 3.7000 deg. Period: 1,436.30 min. Also performed Indiandomestic communications tasks; 83.1 E. Operational multi-purposesatellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay,radio and television programme distribution and direct televisionbroadcasting for community reception. Orbital position 83 deg E. Alsoregistered as 1990-5 1A in ST/SG/SER.E/250 by the United States, withcategory B and orbital parameters 1426.3 min, 35768 x 35811 km x 0.2deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 83 deg E in 1990-1999; 74 degE in 1999-2000 As of 5 September 2001 located at 73.85 deg E drifting at0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 71.63E drifting at 0.039Edegrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17b.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17b.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17b.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/delta.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17b.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/delta.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat1.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/del49258.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/delta.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/caplc17b.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/capveral.htm


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13/30

INSAT-2

Insat 2

Indian communications satellite. 5 launches, 1992.07.09 (Insat-2A)to 1999.04.02 (Insat 2E). INSAT-2 was a multi-purpose satellitedesign, and it provided the following services: Domestic long-distance telecommunications, meteorological earth observation

and data collection services, direct satellite TV broadcasting tocommunity TV receivers in rural and remote areas, radio and TVprogram distribution, and Satellite Aided Search and Rescueservices.

INSAT-2 was maneuvered to its final orbit by firing the satellite'sapogee motor in three phases. Subsequently, the deployment of

solar array, antennae and the solar sail were carried out and thesatellite commissioned after in-orbit checks.


14/30

INSAT -2

Specifications:

Orbit: Geostationary (83 degree E Longitude)

Dry Mass: 1,150 kg.

Mass of Lift-off: 2,550 kg.

Size: Cuboid 1.9 m x 1.77m x 2.4m with solar array on the south and solar

sail & boom on the north. Length when fully deployed: 26m

Spacecraft Propulsion and Control: 440 N Liquid Apogee Motor with N2O4(Nitrogen Tetroxide) and MMH (Mono Methyl Hydrazine) for orbit raising,3-axis body stabilized in orbit using momentum wheels, sensors, solar flap,magnetic torque and sixteen Reaction Control Thrusters of 22 Newton

each. Power: Solar array generating 2,050 W. Two 60 Ah Ni-H2 batteries to

support full payload operation during eclipse period.

Mission life: 12 years.


15/30

INSAT-2

Communication Payload 12 C- band transponders, seven of which had wide beam coverage and

five zonal beam coverages.

5 lower extended C-band transponders with zonal beam coverage.

All channels provided Edge Of Coverage - Effective Isotopic Radiated

Power (EOC-EIRP) of 36 dBW Meteorological Payload

Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) with 2 km resolution invisible band and 8 km resolution and water vapor band.

Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera operating in visible, nearinfrared and shortwave infrared band with 1km resolution.

Gross mass: 1,960 kg (4,320 lb).First Launch: 1992.07.09.Last Launch: 1999.04.02.Number: 5 .


16/30

INSAT-2A

Insat-2A - . Payload: Insat 2A. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation:India.Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type:Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat:22027 . COSPAR: 1992-041A.Apogee: 35,839 km (22,269 mi).Perigee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 4.1000 deg. Period:1,437.50 min. Stationed at 74 deg E; also performedcommunications functions. INSAT-2A is a multi-purpose satellite,and it will provide the following services: Domestic long-distancetelecommunications, meteorological earth observation and datacollection services, direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TVreceivers in rura l and remote areas, radio and TV progamme

distribution, and Satellite Aided Search and Rescue services.Geostationary longitude 74 +/0 0.1 deg E. Positioned ingeosynchronous orbit at 74 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 3 September2001 located at 48.18 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of2007 Mar 5 located at 25.76W drifting at 0.201W degrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htm


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INSAT-2B

1993 July 22 - . 22:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2.LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V58.Insat-2B - . Payload: Insat 2B. Mass: 1,931 kg (4,257 lb). Nation: India.Agency:ISRO. Program: Insat. Class:Communications. Type: Civilian communicationssatellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 22724 . COSPAR: 1993-048B.Apogee:35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.1000 deg.Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also acted as communications

platform; carried search and rescue package. INSAT-2B is a multi-purpose satellite,and it will provide the following services: Domestic long range communications,meteorological Earth observation and data collection service, Direct satellite TVbroadcasting to community TV recievers in rural and re mote areas, Radio and TVprogramme distribution, satellite aided search and rescue services. Inclination willbe reduced to 0.1 deg and maintained. Geostationary longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg E.Launch on Arianespace flight 58. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in

1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.47 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg Wper day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 63.82W drifting at 1.099W degrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm


18/30

INSAT-2C

1995 December 6 - . 23:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou.Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. LaunchVehicle: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V81. Insat2C - .Payload: Insat 2C. Mass: 2,050 kg (4,510 lb). Nation:India.Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class:

Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite.Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 23731 . COSPAR: 1995-067B.Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km(22,217 mi). Inclination: 0.2000 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.Summary: 24 transponders. Stationed at 92.5 deg E.

Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.60 deg Edrifting at 0.019 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 locatedat 165.25W drifting at 1.757W degrees per day..
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm


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INSAT-2D

1997 June 3 - . 23:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. LaunchComplex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle:Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V97. Insat 2D - .Payload: Insat 2D. Nation: India.Agency: ISRO. Program:Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian

communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. CompletedOperations Date: 1997-10-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 24820 .COSPAR: 1997-027B.Apogee: 35,859 km (22,281 mi).Perigee: 35,713 km (22,190 mi). Inclination: 0.4000 deg.Period: 1,374.20 min. Summary: Geosynchronous.

Stationed over 74.1E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at72 deg E in 1997 As of 2 September 2001 located at 85.52deg W drifting at 16.266 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10located at 49.88W drifting at 16.261E degrees per day..
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine44l.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm


20/30

INSAT-2E

1999 April 2 - . 22:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex:Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P. LVConfiguration: Ariane 42P-3 V117. Insat 2E- . Payload: Insat 2E.Nation: India.Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class:Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite.Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 25666 . COSPAR: 1999-016A.Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi).Inclination: 0.1000 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. ISRO's Insat 2E wasplaced in geostationary transfer orbit. The Indian-built satellitecarried a C and S band communications package. Stationed at 83deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 83 deg E in 1999. As of3 September 2001 located at 82.90 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg Wper day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.93E drifting at 0.008Wdegrees per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/craft/insat2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/comtions.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/project/insat.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/mfrs/isro.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/country/india.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/lvs/arine42p.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm


21/30

Insat-3

Insat 3

Indian communications satellite bus. Operational, firstlaunch 2000.03.21. The multipurpose satellite designprovided telecommunications, television broadcasting,

meteorological and search and rescue services. INSAT-3A carried twenty four transponders -- twelveoperating in C-band frequency, six in Extended C-bandand six in Ku-band. Nine of the twelve C-bandtransponders provided expanded geographical

coverage, while the remaining three had an Indiacoverage beam. All the extended C-band as well as theKu-band transponders had India coverage beams.INSAT-3 also carried a Ku-band beacon.


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Insat-3

For meteorological observation, INSAT-3A carried athree-channel Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR)with 2 km resolution in the visible band and 8 kmresolution in thermal infrared and water vapor bands.

In addition, INSAT-3A carried a Charge Coupled Device(CCD) camera which operates in the visible and shortwave infrared bands providing a spatial resolution of 1km. A Data Relay Transponder (DRT) operating in UHFband was incorporated for real-time hydro-

meteorological data collection from unattendedplatforms located on land and river basins. The datawas then relayed in extended C-band to a centrallocation.


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Insat-3

INSAT-3A also carried another transponder for

Satellite Aided Search and Rescue (SAS & R) as

part of India's contribution to the

international Satellite Aided Search andRescue program.


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Insat-3

INSAT-3A was launched by European Ariane-5

Launch Vehicle into a Geosynchronous

Transfer Orbit (GTO) with a perigee of 200 km

and an apogee of 35,980 km. The satellite wasmaneuvered to its final orbit by firing the

satellite's apogee motor. Subsequently, the

deployment of solar array, antennae and thesolar sail was carried out and the satellite was

commissioned after in-orbit checkout.


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Insat-3

INSAT-3A was the third satellite in the INSAT-3series. INSAT-3B and INSAT-3C were launched inMarch 2000 and January 2002 respectively by the

Ariane launch vehicle and both the satellites wereproviding regular service. INSAT-3A was to belocated at 93.5 deg east longitude in thegeostationary orbit.

Another two satellites, INSAT-3D and INSAT-3Ewere planned for launch through 2005, followedby INSAT-4 series of satellites.


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Insat-3

Technical Specification: Orbit : Geostationary (93.5 E Longitude)

Dry Mass : 1,348 kg

Mass at Lift-off : 2,950 kg

Size : Cuboid of 2.0 x 1.77 x 2.8 m with solar array on the south and solar

sail & boom on the north Length when fully deployed : 24.4 m (North-South)/ 8.5 m (East-West)

Spacecraft Propulsion : 440 N Liquid Apogee Motor with MON-3 andControl (Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen) and MMH (Mono Methyl Hydrazine)for orbit raising, 3-axis body stabilized in orbit using sensors, momentumand reaction wheels, solar flaps, magnetic torquers and eight 10 Newton

and eight 22 Newton Reaction Control Thrusters Power : 26.6 sq m solar array generating 3100 W, Two 70 Ah Nickel-

Hydrogen batteries to support full payload operation during eclipse period

Mission life : 12 years


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Insat-3

Communication Payload 12 C-band transponders, nine of which had expanded coverage providing an

Edge-of-Coverage (EoC) Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of 38 dBWand three having India beam coverage providing an EoC-EIRP of 37 dBW

6 upper extended C-band transponders having India beam coverage providingan EoC-EIRP of 37 dBW

6 Ku-band transponders having India beam coverage providing an EoC-EIRP of47.5 dBW

1 Satellite Aided Search & Rescue (SAS&R) transponder

Meteorological Payload Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) with 2 km resolution in the visible

band and 8 km resolution in infrared and water vapor bands

Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera operating in the visible, near infraredand shortwave infrared bands with 1 km resolution

Data Relay Transponder (DRT)


28/30

GSat

Indian communications satellite bus. First launch 2001.04.18.

RCS Coarse No x Thrust: 8 x 22 N. RCS Fine No x Thrust: 8 x 10 N +Momentum/reaction wheels + Magnetic torquers. Electric System: 2.04average kW.

AKA: Gramsat.Gross mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb).Unfuelled mass: 820 kg (1,800 lb).Height: 2.40 m (7.80 ft).Diameter: 1.15 m (3.78 ft).Span: 10.90 m (35.70 ft).Thrust: 400 N (90 lbf).

First Launch: 2001.04.18.Last Launch: 2010.04.15.Number: 4 .


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Space craft

name

EIRP @ C-band EIRP @ Ku-

Band

No of C BAND

TPDR

No of Ku band

TPDR

INSAT -1

INSAT-2

INSAT-3


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Ariane 5

Ariane 5 The Ariane 5 was a completely new design,unrelated to the earlier Ariane 1 to 4. It consisted of asingle-engine Lox/LH2 core stage flanked by two solidrocket boosters. Preparatory work began in 1984. Full

scale development began in 1988 and cost $ 8 billion.The design was sized for the Hermes mannedspaceplane, later cancelled. This resulted in thebooster being a bit too large for the main commercialpayload, geosynchronous communications satellites. As

a result, development of an uprated version capable oflaunching two such satellites at a time was funded in2000.
http://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane5.htm

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India Space Technology