Indian Economy and Policies Assignment

8/19/2019 Indian Economy and Policies Assignment

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INDIAN ECONOMY ANDPOLICIES ASSIGNMENT 2

Saurabh Bose

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INDIAN ECONOMY AND POLICIES ASSIGNMENT 2

The role of climate change in shaping or de-shaping of ancient

Indian civilization.

,arappa (i)i%isatio* whi(h starte i* -.//BC was bui%t a%o*" the ba*$s o!

the I*us ri)er01i)er syste+ use to be the +ost i+porta*t %i!e supportsyste+ !or a*y (i)i%i&atio* to "row a* so was the (ase i* ,arappa

Ci)i%i&atio*0 Ci)i%i&atio*s (o+e a* "o but e*)iro*+e*t is what shapes the

story o! hu+a*s0 The ,i+a%ayas (ause the i*itia% +o*soo*s to o((ur i*

I*ia a* whe* the +o*soo* !ai%e the (i)i%isatio* a%so !ai%e0 The ryi*"

up o! the ri)er e)e*tua%%y (ause the e* o! the ,arappa (i)i%isatio*0

Arou* 2///BC there was a +a#or (%i+ate (ha*"e whi(h substa*tia%%y

reu(e the +o*soo* a* rie the ri)ers0 There was a (ha*"e i* the

ire(tio* o! 3ow o! the ri)ers eastwars i* the "a*"es p%a*e a* that

resu%te i* the e* o! the ,arappa Ci)i%i&atio*0

Importance of Greek sailor Hippalus journey to India and the

interlinkage of monsoon and the spice trade route

Around 45 A.D, monsoons were discovered by Hippalus (Greek captain) and the discovery

that, monsoons could sail ships from Aleandria to !estern "ndia in #ust a 4$%days period,

tremendously increased the &oman sea%trade, due to shortenin' of trade%route.he &omans

were 'reat connoisseurs of spices. hey indul'ed in spices in every ima'inable combination

for their food, bevera'es, and pleasure. hey bathed in water mied with aromatics, scented

their homes with the fra'rance of cardamom, slept on pillows filled with saffron, and

peppered their food with riental spices. f all the spices, the hot and pun'ent taste of pepper became very popular. *or the rulers of the sprawlin' &oman +mpire, possession of spices

added to their presti'e. he utility of monsoon winds for sailin' ships considerably reduced

the importance of Arabias overland spice routes and brou'ht &oman contenders on the

scene.-avin' learnt the fundamental secrets of the monsoons, the&omans built ships and

eventually broke the Arab monopoly of the "ndian trade. he &omans had secured control

over trade with "ndia, and the main ports of call ochin, /ondicherry, and 0olkata.

Silk Route and the Invasion of the Kushans The story o! 4usha*as start i* 4abu% where they +ae their (apita%0 They

(o*tro%%e the trae a* (o++er(e o! the si%$ route0 5he* they (a+e to I*ia

a* starte ru%i*" they aopte Buhis+ as their re%i"io*0 he Kushans were

mi'hty con1uerors and the 0ushana +mpire stretched to a vast etent includin' the entire

parts of 2orthern and northwestern "ndia. 0ushana +mpire not only etended within the

limits of "ndia, but also to the countries of entral Asia. +conomic developments were at its

hei'hts durin' the 0ushana rule. 0ushan kin's were the one who introduced the first 'old

coins of "ndia. 3nder their rule, northwest "ndia participated both in sea'oin' trade and in

commerce alon' the Silk Road between hina and the editerranean. y positionin'

themselves at the center of the Silk Road , midway between hina and "ndia in the east and

the editerranean world in the west, the 0ushans became a world power second only to




hina and &ome and the first unified force in Af'hanistan to dispense rather than receive

authority. heir trade with hina, central Asia, +'ypt and &ome made their economy very

stron' and kin'dom wealthy and prosperous.

The invasion of India by Mahmud of Ghazni initiated what is known as the Great clash

of civilization – the great religion of Islam meeting the incumbent religion of induism

in India! "hat is the outcome of this clash# "hat role does the Sufi saint $lay in this

clash of civilization#

ahmud never once tried to establish rule in "ndia. -is sole intention was to ransack -indu

temples, which he did repeatedly with 'reat success in 6omnath, 3##ain and Dwarka. -is

motive was to destroy the 'lories of -indus and epose "slam and spread the same. "n order

to accomplish this he captured the forts and towns of 0hyber, looted the kin'doms and killed

people mercilessly. -e invaded several other places durin' his rei'n.

ahmud led a do7en wars on "ndia to plunder and capture "ndia8s wealth and he succeeded

on his 9:th attempt and was able to build an empire in "ndia. Durin' his initial years in his rule

-indu idols were destroyed and -indus were tortured.

he sufis were the first who brou'ht "slam and the people of "ndia to'ether, 6ufism put

impetus that people shoukd strive to be with 'od without strivin' for association. hrou'h the

sufis, both the -indu reli'ion and "slam found a common 'round. "t had put more importance

to unity of all bein' which led to the intermin'lin' of all cultures and reli'ion.

ow did the Mughals governed such a large em$ire# %id the &ritain learnt some lessons

of governance from the Mughals#

u'hals could 'overn such a lar'e empire because they relaised the diversity and cultures of

the nation. hey started acceptin' -induism in "ndia instead of attemptin' to convert "ndians

into "slam. he u'hal +mperors attained 'reat power in "ndia in the 9; th and 9<th centuries.

hey controlled a ma#or chunk of what is now called as "ndia, /akistan, an'ladesh and

Af'hanistan. he first u'hal emperor abur founded the empire which was sophisticatedcivili7ation based on reli'ious toleration. -e 'ave approval to build -indu temples. his

brou'ht in the -indu culture. he importance of slavery under his rei'n diminished and peace

was made with the -indu kin'doms of 6outhern "ndia. abur8s 'randson Akbar believed that

all reli'ions should be tolerated, and that a rulers duty was to treat all believers e1ually,

whatever their belief. -e brou'ht the culture that a non%uslim will not be forced to practice

"slamic laws. -e also ended taes that were imposed on non%uslims. =ahan'ir readopted

"slam as the state reli'ion and continued the policy of reli'ious toleration. -is court included

lar'e numbers of "ndian -indus, /ersian 6hia8s and 6ufis. Auran'7eb ruled for nearly 5$

years. Auran'7eb was a very observant and reli'ious uslim who ended the policy of




reli'ious tolerance followed by earlier emperors. he last u'hal +mperor was deposed by

the ritish in 9>5>.

Documents

Indian Economy and Policies Assignment