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8/7/2019 Indian Fishereis Scenario
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indian-fishereis-scenario 1/31
UPDATED SCENARIO OF INDIAN
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
FFB-123
Inland Fisheries
College of Fishery Sciences
G.B. Pant University of Agric. & Tech., Pantnagar
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STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTORSTRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR
I) MARINE RESOURCES :
� Indian Coastline : 8129 Kms.
� Continental shelf area : 0.506 m. sq.km.
� Exclusive Economic Zone : 2.02 m.sq.kms.
� Brackish water area : 1.24 million ha.
II) INLAND RESOURCES :
� Area under tanks and ponds : 2.214 million ha.
� Area available for fresh water fish culture : 5.4 million ha.
� Area of reservoirs : 2.90 million ha.
� Beels, Oxbow and lakes : 0.82 million ha.
� Lengths of rivers and canals : 1,72,287 kms.
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I)I) STATUS IN TERMS OF FISH PRODUCTION:STATUS IN TERMS OF FISH PRODUCTION:
�� Production at the end of I five year planProduction at the end of I five year plan :: 0.839 mmt.0.839 mmt.�� Production at the end of IX five year planProduction at the end of IX five year plan :: 5.657 mmt.5.657 mmt.
STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTORSTRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR
YEARWISE FISH PRODUCTION FROM INDIA (MMT)
Year
Marine fish
production(mmt)
Percentage
share (%)
Inland
FishProduction
(mmt)
Percentage
(%)Total Fish
Production( mmt)
2004-05 2.92 45.13 3.47 54. 60 6.39
2005-06 2.91 45.04 3.49 54. 96 6.40
2006-07 2.90 44.93 3.50 55. 07 6.41
2007-08 2.89 44.78 3.51 55. 22 6.42
2008-09 2.88 44.65 3.50 55. 35 6.43
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CAPTURE FISHERIES
� Monitoring of exploited marine fish stocks
� Stock assessment of commercially important marinespecies
� Marine biodiversity, database, conservation &management
� Fisheries enhancement in inland open waters
� Catchment ecology in relation to fisheries
� Ecology and Fishery potential of canals
� Riverine hydrodynamics and fish behaviour� Hill fishery resources assessment and management
� Development of sport fishery in hill areas
� GIS based inventory of aquatic resources
� Development of predictive models
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CULTURE FISHERIES
Breeding and culture of aquatic organisms
Fish health management
Fish nutrition and feed development
Aquafarm engineering
Integrated fish farming
Environment Impact Assessment
Cage/pen culture in large water bodies &
floodplain wetlands
Development of pearl culture technologies
Ornamental fish culture
Coastal zone management
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Fish Diversity in India
TOTAL NO. OF FISH SPECIES : 2118
� Marine water 1360 species (64.21%)
� Inland water 758 species (35.79%)
� Warm water plain 433 species (20.44%)
� Brackish water 171 species (8.07%)
� Cold water 154 species (7.27%)
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I)I) EXPORT OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FROM INDIA:EXPORT OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FROM INDIA:
�� First position holder among agro based commodity export fromFirst position holder among agro based commodity export fromIndia in terms of revenue generationIndia in terms of revenue generation
�� Total Export of Fish / Fish Products (2002Total Export of Fish / Fish Products (2002--03)03)QuantityQuantity :: 4,67,000 tons4,67,000 tonsRevenue earnedRevenue earned :: 6,881 crore Rs.6,881 crore Rs.
�� STATUS OF FISH PROCESSING IN INDIASTATUS OF FISH PROCESSING IN INDIA
�� Consumed in fresh formConsumed in fresh form :: 65 %65 %�� Cured formCured form :: 14 %14 %
�� Frozen formFrozen form :: 6.6 %6.6 %
�� Reduced in Manure/byproduct :Reduced in Manure/byproduct : 8.0 %8.0 %
�� Special processingSpecial processing :: 2.0 %2.0 %
�� EXPORT ORIENTED PROCESSINGEXPORT ORIENTED PROCESSING�� Frozen fish / shell fishFrozen fish / shell fish : > 90 %: > 90 %
�� Frozen shrimpFrozen shrimp :: 70 %70 %
�� Frozen fishFrozen fish :: 11 %11 %
�� Frozen SquidFrozen Squid :: 6 %6 %
�� Frozen Cuttle fishFrozen Cuttle fish :: 6 %6 %
STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR
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6%
58%
1%
35%
0-50 50-100 200-500 oceanic
Potential available for exploitation in the
Indian EEZ
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Major cultivated groups in IndiaFreshwater Carps, cat ishes, murrels,
trouts, prawns, cray ishes,
mussels, rogs, plants.
Brackishwater Milk ish, mullets, shrimps
Marine water Lobsters, crabs, oysters,
clams, seaweeds
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Potential of Fishery Resources in the Indian EEZ
Depth range (m) 0 - 50 50 - 200 200 - 500 Oceanic Total
Demersal 1.28 0.625 0.028 -- 1.933
N eretic Pelagic 1.00 0.742 -- -- 1.742
Oceanic Pelagic -- -- -- 0.246 0.246
Total 2.28 1.367 0.028 0.246 3.921
% of Potential 58.1 34.9 0.7 6.3 100.0
Available for
Exploitation0.20 0.737 0.028 0.246 1.211
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Indian fisheriesGlobal position 3rd in Fisheries
2nd in Aquaculture
Contribution o isheries to GD (%) 1.07
(Rs. 34,758 crore)
Contribution to agricultural GD (%) 5.84
Per capita ish availability (kg) 9.0
Annual export earnings
(Rs. in crore)
7,200
mployment in sector (million) 14.0
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Aquatic ResourcesCoastline 8118 kms
xclusive economic zone 2.02 million sq. km
Rivers and canals 1,97,024 km
Reservoirs 3.15 million ha
Ponds and tanks 2.35 million ha
Oxbow lakes and derelict waters 1.3 million ha
Brackish water 1.24 million ha
stuaries 0.29 million ha
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Resources� The coldwater ishery resources comprise high and mid altitude lakes,
rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across suchrivers.
� Water resources Length/area
� Himalayan and deccan Plateau river systems 8,310 km
� Brackishwater lakes (above 3,000 msl) 2,340 ha
� Freshwater natural lakes (1,500-2,000 msl) 18,150 ha
� Kashmir high mountain lakes (above 3,000 msl) 400 ha
� Valley wetland ecosystems 3,000 ha
� Shivalik Himalayan lakes 74 ha� Central Himalayas ( reshwater lakes in Kumaon region) 355 ha
� Himalayan man-made lakes and reservoirs 43,770 ha
� Peninsular region Natural lakes85 ha
� Peninsular region Man made lakes and reservoirs4, 400 ha
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Global production o culture in ish
and shell ish by environmentEnvironment Million Tons Value (Billion $)
Freshwater 11.74 (63%) 15.97 (48%)
Brackish water 1.51 (8.0%) 7.56 (22%)
Marine water 5.30 (29%) 10.00 (30%)
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Fishermen Commercial and Subsistence
Full Time
40%
Part Time
24%
Occasional
36%
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TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION IN INDIA
YEAR MARINE INLAND TOTAL
1950-51 5.34 2.18 7.52
1960-61 8.80 2.80 11.60
1970-71 10.86 6.70 17.56
1980-81 15.55 8.87 24.42
1990-91 23.00 15.36 38.36
1991-92 23.47 17.10 41.57
1992-93 25.76 17.89 43.651993-94 26.49 19.95 46.44
1994-95 26.92 20.97 47.89
1995-96 27.07 22.42 49.49
1996-97 29.67 23.81 53.48
1997-98 29.41 24.39 53.80
1998-99 26.96 25.66 52.62
1999-00 28.34 28.23 56.57
2000-01 28.11 28.45 56.56
2001-02 28.31 33.01 61.34
2002-03 29.90 32.10 62.00
2003-04 29.24 34.49 63.73
(in lakh tonnes)
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S EC
TORWI S
E F I S H P RODUCT
I ON I
0 5 1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
1950-51
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
Y
e a r s
Production (in Lakh Tonnes)
M A R I N E
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RANK WISE % CONTRIBUTION (2008-09)
MARINE INLAND TOTAL
GUJARAT 20.8WEST
BENGAL28.6
WEST
BENGAL18.4
KERALA 20.8 ANDHRA P RADESH
18.8 ANDHRA P RADESH
14.3
MAHRASHTRA 13.7 BI HAR 7.7 KERALA 10.7
TAM I LNADU 12.8UTTAR
P RADESH 7.4 GUJARAT 10.3
ANDHRA
P RADESH 9.0 ORI SSA 5.5 MAHRASHTRA 8.3
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M arine Fisheries Profile for 2009
Resources-wise Region-wise Vessel-wise
Pelagic 53N orth-W est
34 M echanised 68
Demersal 26 S outh-W est
33 M otorised 25
Crustacean 17 S outh-E ast 23 Artisanal 7
M olluscs 4N orth-E ast
9
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M ajor M arine Resources during 2008
Resources % Contribution
Oil S ardines 13Ribbon Fish 7 Bombay Duck 5
M ackerel 4Croakers 5Carangids 5
Perches 8E lasmobranchs 2T una/ S eer/Pomfret 2S
hrimp (P/ N
P) 13
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MARI NE RESOURC ES P OTENT I AL I N I NDI AN EEZ S l.N o. Item Potential Resources E stimated Yield
1. Sharks, Ray and Skates 168 722. els 7 113. Anchovies 53 92
4. Lessser Sardines 306 1545. Oil Sardines 191 496. Bombay duck 104 1857. Lizard ish 48 168. Perches 239 1339. Cat ish 123 71
10. Sciaenids 142 27
11. Pom rets 54 6412. Ribbon ish 311 16713. Carangids 447 10514. Silver bellies 86 7715. Mackerel 224 19016. Seer ish 42 3717. Coastal tunas 279 3818. Flat ish 38 30
19. Oceanic Tunas and tune like ishes 209 Neg.20. Bill ishes 4 Neg.21. Deep sea ish 71 Neg.22. Deep sea prawn and lobster 8 Neg.23. Penaeid prawns 178 17224. Non-penaeid Prawns 54 6725. Cephalopods (Cuttle ish/Squid/etc.) 71 67
26. Others 443 104527. Total : 3900 2869
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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE
Only about 10% of the available
brackishwater resources are under
utilization presently.
Weaknesses in terms of unregulated
development of coastal aquaculture andsingle species approach with shrimp for
the short time higher profitability would
need to be addressed.
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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE
Emerging technologies for several high
value fish breeding and their aquaculture
such as sea-bass, groupers, pearl spot,
milk fish, mullets and several
commercially important shell-fish such as
oysters, clams, cockles, lobsters, crabs and
shrimp species would need to be put into
practice.
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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE
Presently the 75 shrimp hatcherieshave a capacity to produce about3.90 billion shrimp seed in thecountry. During early 21st
Century, India would need about500 hatcheries to produce about30 billion shrimp seed.
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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE
Fin-fish seed requirement for
brackishwater aquaculture
would be about 2 billion.
Besides seed of Crabs, lobster
mollusk and other non-conventional aquatic fish/ shell
species would be required.
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Chilka lake� Coordinates19°43N
� Lake type part reshwater part saltwater
� Primary sources Mahanadi River � Primary outflows Bay o Bengal
� Basin countries India
� Max length 29 km
� Surface area 906-1165 km²
� Max depth 132 m
� Surface elevation 0-2 m above MSL
� Settlements Satpara, Puri, Orissa, India
� Largest coastal lake in India.
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2. Pulicate Lake
� Pulicate lake at a Glance
Area - 468 Sq.Kms.
Status - 2nd biggest brackish water lake
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STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING FISH PRODUCTION
�B
ringing more and more water area underaquaculture practices
� Increasing productivity of existing water bodies
� Diversification & Intensification of culturepractices
� Intensification of mariculture/searanching
activities
� Increasing coverage of area of fishing operations
� Technologies to be developed for utilization of
unconventional fish species & by-catch discard
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THREATS TO THE FISHERIES SECTOR � Anthropogenic interventions resulting in loss of bio-diversity,
decline in fish catch, depletion of natural resources
� Man made alterations ± construction of dams & barrages
� Increased water abstraction & deforestation
� Overexploitation of coastal fisheries
� Pollution of water bodies with industrial & domestic effluent
� Possible environmental degradation due to intensification of culture practices
� Clandestine introduction & spread of exotic fish species
� Unscientific management of fisheries & aquaculture activities
� Unplanned & unregulated development of fish /shrimp farms
� Contamination of indigenous fish germplasm resources
� Environmental, economic and social issues
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WISH FOR THE GROWTH WISH FOR THE GROWTH
OF THE OF THE
FISHERIES SECTOR FISHERIES SECTOR
D D