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INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE
UNITED STATES
As the white population grew, early
American settlers pushed farther west
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
Little Turtle’s War (1787-1795)
2nd Cherokee or
Chickamauga Wars (1776-1795)
Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
The Creek War (1812-1814) Tecumseh’s War (1811)
Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
First Seminole War (1816-1818) Black Hawk’s War (1832)
By the time Andrew
Jackson became
President in 1829:
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
Native Population east of
the Mississippi River =
Approximately 125,000
White Population east of
the Mississippi River =
Approximately 13 Million
In 1830 he promoted
the Indian Removal Act to the U.S. Congress
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
Andrew Jackson saw the Indian
Removal several different ways:
• New Farmlands for White settlers
• Lands for Business Expansion
• Best interest of the Native American
Jackson to the Indians:
“Where you now are, you and my white children are too near to
each other to live in harmony and peace. Your game is gone, and
many of your people will not work and till the earth. . . The land
beyond the Mississippi belongs to the President and no one else,
and he will give it to you forever.”
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
Andrew Jackson signed the
Indian Removal Act:
26 May 1830
• Congress established Indian Territory
(Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland
• The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created
Young Senator John C. Calhoun:
“One of the greatest evils to which they
(Indians) are subject is the incessant
(constant) pressure of our population.”
Many members of
the “Five Civilized
Tribes” tried to stay
on their lands east
of the Mississippi
River.
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
1. Adopted farming
life style
2. Began to receive
formal education
3. Had own written
language
4. Adopted white
traditions
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
The “Five Civilized Tribes” gave up their lands through
over forty different treaties
Chickasaw and Choctaw Lands Cherokee & Creek Lands
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
The “Five Civilized Tribes” gave up their lands through
over forty different treaties
Creek Lands Creek & Seminole Lands
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES
“Trail of Tears”
The “Five Civilized Tribes” were all forced to move from
their native lands to their new homes in “Oklahoma”
Native Tribe Years Forced to Move Died Death Due to
Choctaw 1831-1836 12,500 Approx 3,000 Cholera
Creek 1834-1837 19,600 Approx 3,500 Smallpox/Malaria
Cherokee 1836-1838 20,000 Approx 4,000 Disease/Starvation
Chickasaw 1837-1847 4,500 Approx 700 Cholera/Starvation
Seminole 1832-1842 3,000 Approx 700 Warfare
“… When I past the last detachment of those suffering exiles
and thought that my native countrymen had thus expelled
them from their native soil and their much loved homes, and
that too in this [harsh] season of the year in all their
suffering, I turned from the sight with feelings which
language cannot express and “wept like a child.”
INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE UNITED STATES