Indianapolis, Indiana - METAL AND RUBBER LAYOUTS8 ellipse Ellipse layout 5¾ e making a 5 ¾ x 3⅛ ellipse marks on the 3⅛ Step 1: Draw Cross hairs a few inches bigger than the

ENERGY CONSE RVATION SPECIALISTS

METAL AND RUBBER LAYOUTS

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers

9602 M L King Jr. Hwy.Lanham, MD 20706

Phone: (301) 731-9101

Table of ContentsMeasurementsSegmenting a Baseline in Equal Parts ......... 1Diameter/Radius/Circumference ............... 2Ellipse Layout Band/Paper Method............. 3Miter Measurements ..................................4

TeesEqual Bisecting ............................................... 7 Trisecting .............................................. 9Unequal Unequal International ..........................11 Unequal Shortcut ................................ 14Oblong Bonnet ........................................ 15Elliptical Quarter Tee ................................ 17Equal Mono Tee ........................................ 18

Gores90˚ Radial Line Development ................... 21Elbow Gores with Equation ...................... 23Elbow Butterfly ........................................ 25Butterfly 90 Shortcut ............................... 28Butterfly 90 .............................................. 29Segmented 90 ......................................... 30Gore Pattern (Shortcut) ............................ 32Reducing 90s ........................................... 33

Lateral YNegative Lateral Y Layout ........................ 39Lateral Y (Positive) ................................... 41Unequal Lateral Y and Body .....................43Rigid Material Lateral Y .............................46Roof Drains. .............................................47Pants ......................................................49

ReducersConcentric Reducer .................................. 53Concentric Reducer International ............. 55Eccentric Reducer International................ 57Hog Nose. ................................................60

Square To RoundSquare to Round ...................................... 65Square to Round Offset ............................ 67

Head GoresTank Head Layout Gores .......................... 71Standard Head Gores ............................... 73Swirl Layout Head Gores .......................... 76

RubberRubber Reducer (Concentric) ................... 83Rubber Mono Tee. .................................... 85Rolled Rubber Edge .................................. 8790 Welded Elbow (Long Radius) ...............8990 Welded Elbow (Short Radius) ..............90Rubber Reducing 90 ................................. 91

1

SEGMENTING A BASELINE IN EQUAL PARTS

Step 1: Draw baseline the length of your circumference. For this example, our circumference will be 30 inches.

Step 2: Draw vertical lines going up at each end of your circumference.

Step 3: Determine the number of segments you want. For this example, we will be doing 12 segments. Find a number that is larger than your circumference and divisible by the number of segments that you need. So, we will be going with 36 (more than 30 and divisible by 12).

Step 4: Place your ruler on a slant, with one end at zero and the other end at 36. Since 12 goes into 36 three times, we will be marking every 3 inches on our ruler.

Step 5: Make vertical lines going up from your baseline in through the marks you made.

Dividing a baseline into equal spac es

Whatever your circumference is, you take the number of equal spaces you want, and find a number that is greater than the length and divisible by the number of equal spaces you want to achieve. Then put your ruler at an angle with zero at the beginning of your circumference and to the number you came up on the end of your circumference. Now put a mark at each of the multiple amounts.

Example: Metal is 30” long and if you want 12 equal spaces. 36” is greater than 30” and divisible by 12, so put your ruler on an angle from 0 – 36. When you divide 36 by 12 you get 3”, so every 3” on your angled ruler put a mark. Now just transfer those marks down to your baseline at 90 degrees.

Dividing a baseline into equal spac es

Whatever your circumference is, you take the number of equal spaces you want, and find a number that is greater than the length and divisible by the number of equal spaces you want to achieve. Then put your ruler at an angle with zero at the beginning of your circumference and to the number you came up on the end of your circumference. Now put a mark at each of the multiple amounts.

Example: Metal is 30” long and if you want 12 equal spaces. 36” is greater than 30” and divisible by 12, so put your ruler on an angle from 0 – 36. When you divide 36 by 12 you get 3”, so every 3” on your angled ruler put a mark. Now just transfer those marks down to your baseline at 90 degrees.

2

DIAMETER / CIRCUMFERENCE / RADIUS

Diameter: (Distance across the center of a circle)

Radius: (Distance from center of circle to the outside)

Circumference: (Distance around the outside of the circle)

NOTES: Radius = ½ the diameter Circumference = diameter X 3.14 (pi)

There are three measurements you’ll need to know:

Diameter (Distance across the center of a circle)

Radius (Distance from center of circle)

Circumference

(Distance around the outside of the circle)

Three Measurements you’ll need to Know



Circumference





Circumference





Circumference



3

Ellipse layout Band/Paper Method

Step 5: Rotating the Band and keeping the center line marks on the Major Axis and Minor axis lines the outer mark will make your Ellipse

Step 6: Use a Band or a flexible steel rule to connect your reference points.

Step 1: Draw crosshairs a few inches bigger than the height and width of your ellipse.

Step 2: Mark the width of your ellipse on the horizontal line and the height of your ellipse on the vertical line.

Step 3: With a band or a piece of paper, mark the distance from the center of your crosshairs to one of the outer marks on your major axis.

Step 4: Rotate your band 90°, putting one of your marks on the minor axis point and marking the center point on your band.

Step 5: By rotating the band and keeping the center line marks on the major axis and minor axis lines, the outer mark will make your ellipse.

Step 6: Use a band or a flexible steel rule to connect your reference points.

Example: We’ll be making a 5 3/4 x 3 1/8 ellipse


5¾

Example: We’ll be making a 5 ¾ x 3⅛ ellipse

3⅛

Step 1: Draw Cross hairs a few inches bigger than the height and width of your Ellipse

Step 2: Mark the width of your Ellipse on the horizontal line, and the height of your Ellipse on the vertical line.

Step 3: With a band or a piece of paper mark the distance from the center of your cross hairs to one of the outer marks on your Major Axis.

Step 4: Rotate your band 90° putting one of your marks on the Minor axis point and mark the center point on your band.


Step 5: Rotating the Band and keeping the center line marks on the Major Axis and Minor axis lines the outer mark will make your Ellipse

Step 6: Use a Band or a flexible steel rule to connect your reference points.

ELLIPSE LAYOUT BAND/PAPER METHOD

4

Step 1: Swing an arc that will represent the insulated portion of the system that you’re making miters for (i.e., if you have a 36” tank with two inches of insulation, swing an arc with a 38” radius, or if you’re making miters/gores for a sweep that is 6x1½ with a 42” CLR, you’ll swing an arc that is equal to your CLR plus ½ the O.D. of your covering).

Step 2: Using a straight edge, draw a line that touches a portion of your arc (tangent line).

Step 3: Measure each side of your arc where it pulls away from your tangent and there is only about 1/8” gap. Measure the distance between those two points. That is the max measurement you want for your miter.

Step 4: Take your max miter distance and divide it by your overall insulated tank circumference or the overall length of your insulated heel.

To get insulated circumference, multiply diameter of your insulated tank by Pi.

To get the overall length of your heel, multiply the radius of the heel (CLR+ ½ O.D.) by 1.57.

Determining How many Miters you’ll need for your Sweep, or Tank Head

Step1:Swinganarcthatwillrepresenttheinsulatedportionofthesystemthatyou’remakingmitersfor.(i.e.ifyouhavea36”tankwithtwoinchesofinsulationswinganarcwitha38”radiusorifyou’remaking

miters/goresforasweepthatis6x1½witha42”CLRyou’llswinganarcthatisequaltoyourCLRplus½theO.D.ofyourcovering)

Step2:Usingastraightedgedrawalinethattouchesaportionofyourarc.(Tangentline)

Step3:measureeachsideofyourarcwhereitpullsawayfromyourtangentandthereisonlyabout⅛”gap.Measurethedistancebetweenthosetwopoints.(Thatisthemaxmeasurementyouwantforyourmiter)

Step4:TakeyourmaxmiterdistanceanddivideitbyyouroverallinsulatedtankcircumferenceortheoveralllengthofyourinsulatedHeel.TogetinsulatedcircumferencemultiplydiameterofyourinsulatedtankbyPi.Togettheoveralllengthofyourheelmultiplytheradiusoftheheel(CLR+½O.D.)by1.57

Maxdistance







Maxdistance







MaxdistanceMITER MEASUREMENTS

NOTES

5

NOTES

6

7

EQUAL TEE (BISECTING)

International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and

Asbestos Workers

Equal Tee (Bisecting)

Step 1: Draw a right angle.

Step 2: Set your dividers to half of the outside diameter of the pipe covering and draw a quarter circle from the apex.

Step 3: Divide the quarter circle into four equal segments and label 0 through 4.

Step 4: Using a square, draw horizontal lines from the vertical line through points 1, 2, and 3.

Step 5: Set your dividers using one of the measurements on the arc.

Step 6: With this setting, walk your dividers across the horizontal lines and mark as follows: Line one, 1 time Line two, 2 times Line three, 3 times Line four, 4 times

Step 7: Connect the outside marks on the horizontal lines and cut out the pattern.

Step 8: This pattern is used for both the body and bonnet. Remember to incorporate a lap when transferring the pattern to metal.

1

2

3

4

0

Apex

12

3

4

0

Apex

12

3

4

0

Apex

Pattern

8

EQUAL TEE (BISECTING) continued

Step 9: Use the pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for notches for a water shed when necessary.

Step 10: Mark the center of the metal. Use the pattern for the body.

2 of 2



International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

2 of 2




2 of 2




2 of 2




9

EQUAL TEE (TRISECTING)


Step 2: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and draw a ¼ arc.

Step 3: With your dividers still set to your radius, trisect your ¼ arc.

Step 4: Measure out a ¼ of your circumference from your apex.

Step 5: Using a square, draw a horizontal line through the mark on the lower portion of your arc.

Step 6: Set your dividers to one of the measurements on your ¼ arc.

Step 7: Walk your dividers over 2x on the upper horizontal line, and make a mark.

Step 8: Connect the 3 points of reference as shown in the figure to the left. Cut out. This is your Pattern.

Step 9: Use the pattern as shown for the bonnet. Add for notches for water shed when necessary.

Equal Tee

(Trisecting)

10

EQUAL TEE (TRISECTING) continued



Circumference of covering

Half Bonnet with Laps Half Bonnet with Safety edges




Half Bonnet with laps Half Bonnet with safety edges




11


Asbestos Workers

Unequal Tee International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

1 of 4 Step 1: Set up 90° angles and draw lines B and C from Baseline (A). This develops Apex #1 and Apex #2.

Draw two-quarter circles. Quarter Circle #1 is drawn (from 1st apex) after setting dividers to lA the outside diameter of the larger pipe including insulation.

Quarter Circle #2 is drawn (from 2nd apex) after setting dividers to Vi the diameter of the smaller pipe including insulation

Step 2: Divide the smaller quarter circle into 4 equal parts.

Step 3: Extend the division lines through the points on the smaller quarter circle (parallel to the baseline) across to the larger quarter circle.

Unequal Tee

Step 4: On the first reference drawing, draw a line perpendicular to the base line, from any point between the quarter circles. This line will be used as a measuring line to the points on the larger quarter circle. Step 5: To begin the stretchout, set your dividers using one of the equal segment measurements on the arc of the smaller quarter circle.

Transfer setting to the strechout line and mark off nine equal marks


1 2 3 4 5 4 3

UNEQUAL TEE (INTERNATIONAL)

Step 1: Set up 90° angles and draw lines B and C from Baseline (A). This develops Apex #1 and Apex #2. Draw two-quarter circles.

Quarter Circle #1 is drawn (from 1st apex) after setting dividers to lA the outside diameter of the larger pipe including insu-lation. Quarter Circle #2 is drawn (from 2nd apex) after setting dividers to Vi the diameter of the smaller pipe including insulation

Step 2: Divide the smaller quarter circle into 4 equal parts.

Step 3: Extend the division lines through the points on the smaller quarter circle (parallel to the baseline) across to the larger quarter circle.

Step 4: On the first reference drawing, draw a line perpendicular to the baseline, from any point between the quarter circles. This line will be used as a measuring line to the points on the larger quarter circle.

Step 5: To begin the stretchout, set your dividers using one of the equal segment measurements on the arc of the smaller quarter circle. Transfer setting to the strechout line and mark off nine equal marks

12

UNEQUAL TEE (INTERNATIONAL) continued

Draw new lines through new marks, perpendicular to baseline.

Set dividers to marks on the layout.

Step 6: Measure from this new line over to #1 and transfer this measurement to the strechout on both #1’s.

Complete this process for the remaining numbers.

Step 7: Connect marks to form half pattern. If the bonnet is done in 2 pieces, on one half, add one equal setting on each side for laps.

13

UNEQUAL TEE (INTERNATIONAL) continued

3 of 4

And add a 3/8 inch safety edges on each side of the other half.

Add notches for a watershed when necessary.

Unequal Tee

Hole Pattern

Step 8: For the hole pattern layout drawing, draw a baseline with a perpendicular line rising from the center and both ends. Using the reference drawing Figure 1, transfer the measurements of the arc on the large quarter circle to the baseline.

Step 9: Using the reference drawing Figure 2, set dividers from the baseline to where each line intersects the large quarter circle. Transfer to the corresponding points on each side of centerline on the layout drawing. Add notches for a watershed when necessary.


Layout Drawing

3 of 4



Unequal Tee

Hole Pattern




Layout Drawing

3 of 4



Unequal Tee

Hole Pattern




Layout Drawing

3 of 4



Unequal Tee

Hole Pattern




Layout Drawing

4 of 4 Unequal Tee

Jf International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

Add a 3/8 inch safety edges on each side of the other half.




14

UNEQUAL TEE (SHORTCUT)

Unequal Tee Shortcut

12345

Forthisshortcutyou’llneed2measurements

1. O.D.oflargecovering2. Circumferenceofsmallcovering

Step1:Onyourjacketingdrawalinethelengthofyourcircumference

Step2:Breakupyourcircumferenceinto4equalparts.

Step3:labeleachpoint1,2,3,4and5.(Don’tforgettoaddlap)For this shortcut you’ll need 2 measurements

1.:O.D. of large covering

2.:Circumference of small covering

Step 1: On your jacketing, draw a line the length of your circumference

Step 2: Break up your circumference into 4 equal parts.

Step 3: Label each point 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. (Don’t forget to add lap)

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your large covering.

Step 5: From the bottom of your material, swing arch on point 1, 3 and 5

Step 6: Leaving your dividers on the same setting, move up on lines 2 and 4 until your dividers connect with your arch’s on lines 1, 3 and 5

Step 7: Connect your arches to get your pattern.

Step 8: Trim to fit if necessary.


12345

Forthisshortcutyou’llneed2measurements

1. O.D.oflargecovering2. Circumferenceofsmallcovering

Step1:Onyourjacketingdrawalinethelengthofyourcircumference

Step2:Breakupyourcircumferenceinto4equalparts.

Step3:labeleachpoint1,2,3,4and5.(Don’tforgettoaddlap)


1 2 3 4 5

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your large covering.

Step 5: From the bottom of your material swing arch on point 1, 3, and 5

Step 6: Leaving your dividers on the same setting move up on lines 2 and 4 until your dividers connect with your arch’s on lines 1, 3, and 5

Step 7: connect your arches to get your pattern.

Step 8: Trim to fit if necessary.

15

OBLONG BONNET

Step 1: With a piece of cardboard, trace out the top of your bonnet. You’ll need this template for your layout.

Step 2: Draw a base line a little longer than the length of your template.

Step 3: Draw a center line going down past your base line about 1 ½ times the diameter of the body, and going up from your base line a little longer than half the bonnet width.

Step 4: Trace out your template, centering it on your base line and centerline.

Step 5: From the bottom of your template, measure down the diameter of your body and make a mark.

Step 6: From that mark set your divider to the radius of your body and scribe a quarter arch.

Step 7: Break up the quarter portion of your template above the quarter arch into 4, 6 or 8 parts.

Step 8: Bring each one of those points down to the quarter arch. Whichever point is the last one to hit your quarter arch, draw a line straight out at that point and bring the rest of the points down to that line.

Step 9: From the top of your quarter arch, measure up the height of your bonnet and draw a new base line.

Step 10: Starting from the centerline, number each reference point.

Oblong Bonnet

Baseline

Cent

er li

ne

Body

1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9

Step 1: With a piece of cardboard trace out the top of your bonnet. You’ll need this template for your layout.

Step 2: Draw a baseline a little longer then the length of your template.

Step 3: Draw a center line going down past your baseline about 1 ½ times the diameter of the body, and going up from your baseline a little longer than half the bonnet width.

Step 4: Trace out your template centering it on your baseline and centerline.

Step 5: From the bottom of your template measure down the diameter of your body and make a mark.

Step 6: From that mark set your divider to the Radius of your body and scribe a quarter arch.

Step 7: Break up the quarter portion of your template above the quarter arch into 4, 6, or 8 parts.


Step 9: From the top of your quarter arch measure up the height of your bonnet, and draw a new baseline.

Step 10: Starting from the Centerline number each reference point

Bonnet

Oblong Bonnet

Baseline

Cent

er li

ne

Body

1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9

Step 1: With a piece of cardboard trace out the top of your bonnet. You’ll need this template for your layout.

Step 2: Draw a baseline a little longer then the length of your template.

Step 3: Draw a center line going down past your baseline about 1 ½ times the diameter of the body, and going up from your baseline a little longer than half the bonnet width.

Step 4: Trace out your template centering it on your baseline and centerline.

Step 5: From the bottom of your template measure down the diameter of your body and make a mark.

Step 6: From that mark set your divider to the Radius of your body and scribe a quarter arch.

Step 7: Break up the quarter portion of your template above the quarter arch into 4, 6, or 8 parts.


Step 9: From the top of your quarter arch measure up the height of your bonnet, and draw a new baseline.

Step 10: Starting from the Centerline number each reference point

Bonnet

16

OBLONG BONNET continued

Step 11: On your metal/material, draw a line the length of ½ your circumference.

Step 12: Break up your circumference into the appropriate amount of segments and number each segment.

Step 13: On your layout, set your divider from your new base line to your quarter arch on each of your reference points and transfer those measurements to your stretch out.

Step 14: Add your appropriate laps and cut out.

Oblong Bonnet

1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Stretch out Layout

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Step 11: On your metal/material draw a line the length of ½ your circumference.

Step 12: Break up your circumference into the appropriate amount of segments, and number each segments.

Step 13: On your layout, set your divider from your new baseline to your quarter arch on each of your reference points and transfer those measurements to your stretch out.


Oblong Bonnet

1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Stretch out Layout

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Step 11: On your metal/material draw a line the length of ½ your circumference.

Step 12: Break up your circumference into the appropriate amount of segments, and number each segments.

Step 13: On your layout, set your divider from your new baseline to your quarter arch on each of your reference points and transfer those measurements to your stretch out.


17

Elliptical Quarter tee

ELLIPTICAL QUARTER TEE

Step 1: Draw a 90° baseline.

Step 2: Label the apex “A”.

Step 3: Scribe the radius along the baseline measuring from “A,” label this point “B”

Step 4: Multiply ¼ circumference by .85355 scribe the result along the baseline measuring from “A,” and label this point “C”

Step 5: Multiply the radius by .7071 scribe the result along the vertical line measuring from “A,” label this point “D”

Step 6: Using line “AC” and line “AB” as your lengths draw an ellipse from “D” to “B”

Step 7: Divide line “AC” into 4 equal divisions and project lines upward at these points just past point “D”

Special note: Line “AC” is the same length as arc “DB”

Step 8: Set your dividers to one of line “AC”s divisions and walk off arc “DB” dividing it into 4 equal divisions as well

Step 9: From line “AD” project 90° lines through the divisions on arc “DB” to the corresponding lines from line “AC”

Step 10: Using a flex rule draw a line through the intersection points made in step 9 from “D” down to “C”. Band down and mark where the band intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0.

D

D

D

18

Step 1: Draw a rectangle that is ½ circumference long by the outer diameter +4” in height. Label this “Body”.

Step 2: Draw a centerline that splits the height in half and runs with the ½ circ. Extend this line past the ends indefinitely.

Step 3: Using a square, draw triangles on each end of the body. Make sure to align the apex of the square with the centerline you drew in step 2. Label these triangles “Pans.”

Step 4: Add rectangular extensions equal to the length of the elliptical tee pattern (ELT) onto the ends of the pans.

Step 5: Use the ELT pattern to draw curves into the rect. extensions. Label these “Paws”

Step 6: Add for laps and safety edges on the ends of the paws.

Step 7: Cut out along the ends and curves of the paws and sides of body.

Step 8: Roll the body to the O.D., brake along the lines of the pans for stiffeners, brake the safety edges over, tighten the roller and roll the paws straight into the edge of the pans.

EQUAL MONO TEE

Pans Pans

Body

O.D.+4”

½ circ

Step 1. Draw a rectangle that is ½ circumference long by the outer diameter +4” in height. Label this “Body”

Step 2. Draw a centerline that splits the height in half and runs with the ½ circ. Extend this line past the ends indefinitely.

Step 3. Using a square draw triangles on each end of the “Body”. Making sure to align the apex of the square with the centerline you drew in step 2. Label these triangles “Pans”.

Step 4. Add rectangular extensions equal to the length of the elliptical tee pattern “ELT” onto the ends of the “Pans”.

Step 5. Use the “ELT” pattern to draw curves into the rect. extensions. Label these “Paws”

Step 6. Add for laps and safety edges on the ends of the “Paws”.

Step 7. Cut out along the ends and curves of the “Paws” and sides of “Body”.

Step 8. Roll the body to the O.D., brake along the lines of the “Pans” for stiffeners, brake the safety edges over, tighten the roller and roll the “Paws” straight into the edge of the “pans”.

Pans Pans

Body

O.D.+4”

½ circ









Pans Pans

Body

O.D.+4”

½ circ









4”

NOTES

19

NOTES

20

21

90˚ RADIAL LINE DEVELOPMENT


Step 2: From the apex measure over to the distance of your CLR, and make a mark at your baseline.

Step 3: From your CLR, measure over in each direction the Radius of your covering and scribe a mark on your baseline.

Step 4: With one end of your dividers placed on your apex, set the other end on your covering radius marks and scribe arches up to your perpendicular line.

Step 5: Divide up your 90 into the appropriate amount of segments. (6 pcs. break up 6x, 8 pcs. break up 8x; if you’re doing a sweep figure out how many pieces you need and break it up accordingly.) This will give you your heel and throat measurements for your miters.

Step 6: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering, place them on your CLR mark and swing an arch below your baseline.

Step 7: Decide how many reference points you want and break up your arch below your baseline.

Step 8: Bring up those points to your baseline.

Step 9: With your dividers set at your apex, go to each point you brought up to baseline and scribe an arch a little past your 1st miter.

Step 10: Bisect your 1st miter above your baseline to get your ½ miter.

Step 11: On the heel of your miter, go up 3/8” and make a mark. Then with a straight edge scribe a line to your apex.

Step 12: Starting at the throat, number your points of reference.

90° Radial line development

Radius Radius

CL

Apex

1stMiter

+ 3/8

1/2Miter11

2 34

5 6 7

Radius Radius

CL

Apex

1stMiter

+ 3/8

1/2Miter11

2 34

5 6 7

Radius Radius

CL

Apex

1stMiter

+ 3/8

1/2Miter11

2 34

5 6 7

Layout

Layout

22


4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 Step 13: On a piece of metal scribe a

line the length of your Circumference.

Step 14: Break your circumference up into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 15: start numbering your segments with whatever number correlates with your CLR number on your layout.

Step 16: Using a set of dividers on your layout, go from your ½ miter line to your 3/8 line, and transfer that distance to the appropriate segment on your stretch out.

Step 17: Using a band connect all your points.

LAP

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Step 18: To one end add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and 4.


4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4







LAP

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Stretch Out



4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4







LAP

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Stretch Out


Step 13: On a piece of metal, scribe a line the length of your circumference.


Step 15: Start numbering your segments with whatever number correlates with your CLR number on your layout.

Step 16: Using a set of dividers on your layout, go from your ½ miter line to your 3/8” line and transfer that distance to the appropriate segment on your stretch out.

Step 17: Using a band, connect all your points.


90˚ RADIAL LINE DEVELOPMENT continued

90

° Ra

dia

l line

de

ve

lop

me

nt

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

Step 13: On a piece of m

etal scribe a line the length of your C

ircumference.

Step 14: Break your circum

ference up into the appropriate am

ount of segm

ents.

Step 15: start numbering your

segments w

ith whatever num

ber correlates w

ith your CLR

number on

your layout.

Step 16: Using a set of dividers on your

layout, go from your ½

miter line to your

3/8 line, and transfer that distance to the appropriate segm

ent on your stretch out.

Step 17: Using a band connect all your

points.

LAP

Stretch O

ut

Stretch O

ut

Stretch O

ut



4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4







LAP

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Stretch Out


23

ELBOW GORES (WITH EQUATION)

Add ½ the O.D. for heel and subtract ½ the O.D. for throat.

Step 1: Draw a base line and mark the length of your diameter.

Step 2: On one side of your diameter go up ½ your heel measurement + 3/8”.

Step 3: On the other side of your diameter go up ½ your 316”.

Step 4: Connect your heel and throat marks.

Step 5: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and swing an arc below the base line.

Step 6: Break your arc up into 6 equal parts (or break up your arc into however many reference points you want).

Step 7: Bring your tri-section marks up to your ½ miter line.

Step 8: Number your reference points 1 through 7. (Or however you want to label your reference points)

GoresforL.R.SweepsorS.R.90’s

Add½theO.D.forHeelandsubtract½theO.D.forthroat

Step1:DrawabaselineandmarkthelengthofyourDiameter.

Step2:OnonesideofyourDiametergoup½yourHeelmeasurement+⅜”.

Step3:ontheothersideofyourDiametergoup½your316“.

Step4:connectyourheelandthroatmarks

Step5:SetyourdividerstotheRadiusofyourcoveringandswinganarcbelowthebaseline.

Step6:Breakyourarcupinto6equalparts.(Orbreakupyourarcintohowevermanyreferencepointsyouwant)

Step7:BringyourTri-sectionmarksuptoyour½miterline.

Step8:Numberyourreferencepoints1through7.(Orhoweveryourwantlabelyourreferencepoints)

2 3 4 5 6 7

1

½Throat ��

EquationforyourHeelandThroatMeasurements

(CLR+or–½O.D.)x1.57÷#Miters

Diameter

½Heel+⅜

(CLR + or - 1/2 O.D.)x 1.57

# of Miters

24

ELBOW GORES (WITH EQUATION) continued

Step 9: On a piece of metal, scribe a line the length of your circumference.


Step 11: Start numbering your segments with whatever number correlates with your CLR number on your layout.



Step 14: To one or both ends add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and 4. (Or whatever #s correlate with your heel and CLR).

4321234567654

4321234567654

LAP

StretchOut

StretchOut

StretchOut

Step9:OnapieceofmetalscribealinethelengthofyourCircumference.

Step10:Breakyourcircumferenceupintotheappropriateamountofsegments.

Step11:startnumberingyoursegmentswithwhatevernumbercorrelateswithyourCLRnumberonyourlayout.

Step12:Usingasetofdividersonyourlayout,gofromyour½miterlinetoyour3/8line,andtransferthatdistancetotheappropriatesegmentonyourstretchout.

Step13:Usingabandconnectallyourpoints.

Step14:Tooneorbothendsaddlap.Thenputholespunchesat4,7and4.(Orwhatever#scorrelateswithyourheelandCLR)

4321234567654

4321234567654

LAP

StretchOut

StretchOut

StretchOut







4321234567654

4321234567654

LAP

StretchOut

StretchOut

StretchOut







25


Asbestos Workers

Elbow Butterfly International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

1 of 3 Elbow Butterfly

Step 1: Draw a vertical line and a horizontal perpendicular line. Set dividers to ½ of the outside diameter of the pipe insulation and draw a quarter circle. Step 2: Draw vertical lines A and B. Line A is ½ of the throat measurement of the butterfly.

Draw a line at a 45° angle from Line A to Line B.

Step 3: Divide the quarter circle into 4 equal segments. Label 1 through 5. Step 4: Draw a vertical line from each to line A-B. On the reference drawing, set dividers to the measurement of the arc between Points 1 and 2.


Reference Drawing

ELBOW BUTTERFLY

Step 1: Draw a vertical line and a horizontal perpendicular line. Set dividers to ½ of the outside diameter of the pipe insulation and draw a quarter circle.

Step 2: Draw vertical lines A and B. Line A is ½ of the throat measurement of the butterfly. Draw a line at a 45° angle from line A to line B.

Step 3: Divide the quarter circle into 4 equal segments. Label 1 through 5.

Step 4: Draw a vertical line from each to line A-B. On the reference drawing, set dividers to the measurement of the arc between points 1 and 2.


Step 1: Draw a vertical line and a horizontal perpendicular line. Set dividers to ½ of the outside diameter of the pipe insulation and draw a quarter circle. Step 2: Draw vertical lines A and B. Line A is ½ of the throat measurement of the butterfly.

Draw a line at a 45° angle from Line A to Line B.

Step 3: Divide the quarter circle into 4 equal segments. Label 1 through 5. Step 4: Draw a vertical line from each to line A-B. On the reference drawing, set dividers to the measurement of the arc between Points 1 and 2.


Reference Drawing

B

A

45

321

26

½ Circumference-


Step 5: Draw a centerline and mark this distance 8 times. Draw a perpendicular line from each point, above and below the centerline.

Step 6: Label the lines from 1 through 5, and then back to 1. This should be ½ of the circumference of the pipe insulation.

Transfer the measurements from the reference drawing to the corresponding numbers on the layout drawing.

B

1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1

Circumference-

Step 7: Add a 1" lap to both ends. Add notches as necessary.


1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1

1 2 3

4

5 A

ELBOW BUTTERFLY continued

Step 5: Draw a centerline and mark this distance 8 times. Draw a perpendicular line from each point, above and below the centerline.

Step 6: Label the lines from 1 through 5, and then back to 1. This should be ½ of the circumference of the pipe insulation. Transfer the measurements from the reference drawing to the corresponding numbers on the layout drawing.

Step 7: Add a 1” lap to both ends. Add notches as necessary.

B

A

45

321

27

ELBOW BUTTERFLY continued


necessary.

The Butterfly will be used for the throat portion of the elbow. Use the regular elbow gore layout for the side / heel / side portion. Add the necessary laps.



necessary.

The Butterfly will be used for the throat portion of the elbow. Use the regular elbow gore layout for the side / heel / side portion. Add the necessary laps.


The butterfly will be used for the throat portion of the elbow. Use the regular elbow gore layout for the side/heel/side portion. Add the necessary laps.

28

BUTTERFLY 90 (SHORTCUT)

Step 1: Get a negative tee pattern for the size covering you are using.

Step 2: On a piece of metal, scribe a line that is equal to half the circumference of the covering that you will be jacketing.

Step 3: Draw lines perpendicular to your scribe line on each end of your half circumference measurement.

Step 4: Bisect your half circumference line so you’ll have two areas equal to a quarter of your circumference.

Step 5: On your centerline, go above and below your scribe line and mark half of your throat measurement.

Step 6: Place your negative tee pattern on your half throat marks as shown on the figure to your left.

Step 7: Add lap and cut out; you may need to trim to fit.

Butterfly 90° (Shortcut)

Butterfly 90° (Shortcut)

Negative Tee

Pattern

Negative Tee

Pattern

Negative Tee

Pattern

Negative Tee

Pattern

L

Full throat

Negative Tee

Pattern

Step 1: Get a negative Tee pattern for the size covering you are using

Step 2: On a piece of metal, scribe a line that is equal to half the circumference of the covering that you will be jacketing.

Step 3: Draw lines perpendicular to your scribe line on each end of your half circumference measurement.

Step 4: Bisect your half circumference line. (So you’ll have two areas equal to a quarter of your circumference)

Step 5: On your centerline, go above and below your scribe line and mark half of your throat measurement.

Step 6: Place your negative tee pattern on your half throat marks as shone on the Figure to your left.

Step 7: Add lap and cut out, you may need to trim to fit.

C

Scribe Line

NegativeTee

Pattern

29

BUTTERFLY 90

Step 1: Draw horizontal baseline intersected by a vertical baseline.

Step 2: Determine the throat radius.

Special note: The throat radius is found by subtracting the radius of the covering from the CLR of the fitting. If the result is negative use 2’’.

Step 3: Multiply the throat radius by .7071, mark half the result on the vertical baseline above and below the horizontal baseline.

Step 4: Use the elliptical tee pattern to draw an arc above and below these marks.

Step 5: Use a square to draw a 90 angle on the ends of these arcs. Be sure to keep the apex of the square on the baseline. Label these lines “straightaways”

Step 6: Set your dividers to the radius of the covering.

Step 7: Using the baseline as the apex, scribe your radius so that it just meets the straightaways.

Step 8: Cut out pattern and roll to O.D. of covering.

Butterfly throat 90

ELT

ELT ELT

ELT

Straigh

taway

s

Straightaways

Step1.Drawa360°baseline.Step2.Determinethethroatradius. Positivethroat=CLR-radiusofcovering Negativethroat=2”“standardlap” Specialnote:ApositivethroatiswhentheCLRofthe90isgreaterthantheradiusofthecovering.AnegativethroatiswhentheCLRofthe90islessthantheradiusofthecovering.Step3.Multiplythethroatradiusby1.4142,marktheresultontheverticalbaselineaboveandbelowthehorizontalbaseline.Step4.Usetheellipticalteepatterntodrawanarcaboveandbelowthesemarks.Step5.Useasquaretodrawa90angleontheendsofthesearcs.Besuretokeeptheapexofthesquareonthebaseline.Labeltheselines“straightaways”Step6.Setyourdividerstotheradiusofthecovering.Step7.Usingthebaselineastheapex,scribeyourradiussothatitjustmeetsthestraightaways.Step8.Cutoutalongredline.RolltoO.D.ofcovering

ELT

ELT ELT

ELT

Straigh

taway

s

Straightaways


ELT

ELT ELT

ELT

Straigh

taway

s

Straightaways


ELT

ELT ELT

ELT

Straigh

taway

s

Straightaways


30

SEGMENTED 90

Segmented 90°

You will need 4 measurements: 1.: The diameter of the iron pipe 2.: The O.D. of the covering

From the iron pipe you’ll need: 3.: ½ the heel measurement (from one segment) 4.: ½ the throat measurement (from one segment)

Step 1: Draw a baseline and mark the diameter of your pipe.

Step 2: On one side of the pipe diameter go up ½ your Heel measurement and mark it with cross hairs.

Step 3: On the other side of the pipe diameter go up ½ your throat measurement and mark that with cross hairs.

Step 4: Go out on each side of your pipe diameter, the thickness of your covering, and draw lines going up from the baseline.

Step 5: Connect your insulation thickness lines with a straight edge intersecting the cross hairs of the heel and throat measurements.

Step 6: Add 3/8” to the top of your heel and 3/16 to the top of your throat. Connect those two points. The line will be for your crimp and bead.

Step 7: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and swing an arch below your baseline.

Step 8: Break your arch up into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 9: Bring your points on your arch straight up to your crimp line.

Segmented 90°

½ Heel ½ Throat

Insulation Diameter

+⅜

+ 3/16

Pipe Diameter

You will need 4 measurements

1. The diameter of the iron pipe 2. The O.D. of the covering

From the iron pipe you’ll need

3. ½ the heel measurement (from one segment) 4. ½ the throat measurement (from one segment)

Step 1: Draw a baseline and mark the diameter of your pipe.

Step 2: On one side of the pipe diameter go up ½ your Heel measurement and mark it with cross hairs.

Step 3: On the other side of the pipe diameter go up ½ your throat measurement and mark that with cross hairs.

Step 4: Go out on each side of your pipe diameter, the thickness of your covering, and draw lines going up from the baseline.

Step 5: Connect your insulation thickness lines with a straight edge intersecting the cross hairs of the Heel and Throat measurements.

Step 6: Add 3/8” to the top of your Heel and 3/16 to the top of your Throat. Then connect those two points. That line will be for your Crimp and bead.

Step 7: Set your dividers to the Radius of your covering and swing an arch below your baseline.

Step 8: Break your arch up into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 9: Bring your points on your arch straight up to your Crimp line.

Segmented 90°

31

SEGMENTED 90 continued

Step 10: On a piece of metal material, scribe a line the length of your circumference.



Step 13: Using a set of dividers on your layout, go from your baseline to your 3/8 line and transfer that distance to the appropriate segment on your stretch out.


Step 15: To one end, add lap. Then put hole punches at 4, 7 and 4.

Side note: You start with a ½ miter/gore, and finish with ½ miter/gore.

Segmented 90 °

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

Step 10: On a piece of metal/material scribe a line the length of your Circumference.



Step 13: Using a set of dividers on your layout, go from your baseline to your 3/8 line, and transfer that distance to the appropriate segment on your stretch out.


LA

P

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Stretch Out


Side note: You start with a ½ miter/gore, and finish with ½ miter/gore

Segmented 90

°

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

Step 10: On a piece of m

etal/material scribe a


Step 11: Break your circumference up into the

appropriate amount of segm

ents.

Step 12: start numbering your segm

ents with

whatever num

ber correlates with your CLR

number on your layout.

Step 13: Using a set of dividers on your layout,

go from your baseline to your 3/8 line, and

transfer that distance to the appropriate segm

ent on your stretch out.


LAP

Stretch Out

Stretch Out

Stretch Out


Side note: You start with a ½

miter/gore, and finish w

ith ½

miter/gore

32

Step 1: Draw a Right angle.

Step 2: From the Apex go up ½ your throat + 3/16” and make a mark.

Step 3: Again from the Apex go up ½ the heel + 3/8“ and make a mark.

Step 4: On the vertical line measure the distance between your ½ throat and ½ heel marks.

Step 5: Set your dividers to ½ that measurement and swing an arch from your throat mark up to your heel mark.

Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts.

Step 7: On your metal/material go up a few inches from the bottom and draw a center line the length of your actual circumference, and break it up 12 x.

Step 8: Number each segment starting with #4 as shown above.

Step 9: On your layout set, your dividers from your baseline to each of your reference points and transfer them to the appropriate segments on your stretch out; making a mark above and below your centerline.


Step 11: Add lap and hole punch at 4, 7 and 4.

Gore Pattern (Short Cut)

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

Step 1: Draw a Right angle

Step 2: From the Apex goes up ½ your throat + 3/16 and make a mark.

Step 3: Again from the Apex go up ½ the Heel + 3/8 “and make a mark.

Step 4: On the vertical line measure the distance between your ½ Throat and ½ Heel marks.

Step 5: Set your Dividers to ½ that measurement and swing an arch from your Throat mark up to your Heel mark.

Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts

Stretch Out

Step 7: On your Metal/Material go up a few inches from the bottom and draw a center line the length of your actual circumference, and break it up 12 x

Step 8: Number each segment starting with #4 as shone above.

Step 9: On your layout set your dividers from your baseline to each of reference points and transfer them the appropriate segments on your stretch out; making a mark above and below your centerline.

Step 10: Using a band connect all your points

Step 11: add lap and hole punch at 4, 7, and 4.

1

7 6

5

4

3

2

Baseline

1/2 Throat +

3/16

1/2 Heel + 3/8

Layout

Gore Pattern (Short Cut)

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4


Step 2: From the Apex goes up ½ your throat + 3/16 and make a mark.

Step 3: Again from the Apex go up ½ the Heel + 3/8 “and make a mark.

Step 4: On the vertical line measure the distance between your ½ Throat and ½ Heel marks.

Step 5: Set your Dividers to ½ that measurement and swing an arch from your Throat mark up to your Heel mark.


Stretch Out

Step 7: On your Metal/Material go up a few inches from the bottom and draw a center line the length of your actual circumference, and break it up 12 x

Step 8: Number each segment starting with #4 as shone above.

Step 9: On your layout set your dividers from your baseline to each of reference points and transfer them the appropriate segments on your stretch out; making a mark above and below your centerline.



1

7 6

5

4

3

2

Baseline

1/2 Throat +

3/16

1/2 Heel + 3/8

Layout

Go

re

Pa

tter

n (S

ho

rt C

ut)

4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4


Step 2: From the Apex goes up ½

your throat + 3/16 and m

ake a mark.

Step 3: Again from the Apex go up ½

the Heel + 3/8 “and m

ake a mark.

Step 4: On the vertical line measure the distance

between your ½

Throat and ½ Heel m

arks.

Step 5: Set your Dividers to ½ that m

easurement

and swing an arch from

your Throat mark up to

your Heel mark.


Stretch Out

Step 7: On your Metal/M

aterial go up a few inches from

the bottom

and draw a center line the length of your actual circum

ference, and break it up 12 x

Step 8: Number each segm

ent starting with #4 as shone above.

Step 9: On your layout set your dividers from your baseline to each of

reference points and transfer them the appropriate segm

ents on your stretch out; m

aking a mark above and below

your centerline.



1 7 6

5 4

3

2

Baseline

1/2 Throat +

3/16

1/2 Heel + 3/8

Layout

GORE PATTERN (SHORT CUT)

33

CLR

Sm. O

.D.

The example I’m going to be using is 12 x 1½ to 6 x 1½

CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90

CLR= 18

Lg. Covering Radius = 8

Sm. Covering radius = 4.8125 (4 13 16ൗ )

Getting the measurements you’ll need

(CLR + Lg. Radius) + (CLR + Sm. Radius) x .7854

# Miters

(CLR - Lg. Radius) + (CLR - Sm. Radius) x .7854

# Miters

CLR x 1.57 = Overall CLR length

O.D. x Pi = Circumference of Lg. O.D.

Plugging in your Numbers

= Heel

= Throat

For this layout, you’ll need six measurements.

1. Miter heel measurement 2. Miter throat measurement 5. Lg. Diameter/Radius 3. Overall CLR Length 6. Sm. Diameter/Radius 4. Circumference of large O.D

CLR Lg. O.D.

(18 + 8) + (18 + 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 26 + 22.8125 = 48.8125 x .7854 = 38.337 ÷ 8 = 4.792 (4 ¾ ) Heel (18 - 8) + (18 - 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 10 + 13.1875 = 23.1875 x .7854 = 18.211 ÷ 8 = 2.276 (2 ¼ ) Throat 18 x 1.57 = 28.26 (28 ¼ ) Overall CLR length 16 x 3.1416 = 50.265

REDUCING 90’S

For this layout, you’ll need six measurements: 1: Miter heel measurement 2: Miter throat measurement 3: Overall CLR Length 4: Circumference of large O.D. 5: Lg. Diameter/Radius 6: Sm. Diameter/Radius

Reducing90’s

The example I’m going to be using is 12 x 1½ to 6 x 1½

CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90CLR= 18Lg. Covering Radius = 8Sm. Covering radius = 4.8125 (4 13/16 )

Getting the measurements you’ll need

CLR x 1.57 = Overall CLR length

O.D. x Pi = Circumference of Lg. O.D.

Plugging in your Numbers

(18 + 8) + (18 + 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 26 + 22.8125 = 48.8125 x .7854 = 38.337 ÷ 8 = 4.792 (4 ¾ ) Heel (18 - 8) + (18 - 4.8125) x .7854 ÷ 8 10 + 13.1875 = 23.1875 x .7854 = 18.211 ÷ 8 = 2.276 (2 ¼ ) Throat

18 x 1.57 = 28.26 (28 ¼ ) Overall CLR length

16 x 3.1416 = 50.265

(CLR + Lg. Radius) + (CLR + Sm. Radius) x .7854

# Miters(CLR - Lg. Radius) + (CLR - Sm. Radius) x .7854

# Miters

= Heel

= Throat

34

REDUCING 90’S continued

Step 1: Cut a piece of metal about 4” longer than the Lg. Circumference.

Step 2: Find the center of the metal and draw a line going down the width of the metal.

Step 3: On that line about 2” from the top of the metal, go out in each direction on the radius of the Lg. O.D. covering and draw a horizontal line.

Step 4: From where the lines intersect, measure down the Overall CLR length.

Step 5: At that point, measure out in each direction the radius of the small covering and draw a horizontal line.

Step 6: For however many miters you are putting on, break up your CLR length that many times (this example shows 8 miters so the CLR is broken into 8 segments). When you mark the equal parts start from the top down. Your first mark will be ½ of one of the equal parts, then 7 full equal parts, and then you’ll finish with a ½ equal part.

Step 7: Establishing the vanishing point. To get this, extend lines from the outside of the Lg. O.D. through the outside of the Sm. O.D. and continue them down until they meet (this distance will more than likely be past the metal).

Step 8: Number the marks on the vertical line 1-10. With #1 starting on the Lg. O.D.

Step 9: With one trammel point set on the vanishing point, set the other one where #1 line intersects with the vertical line and scribe an arc going in each direction.

Step 10: Going from where the #1 mark is intersecting with the vertical line, use a flexible ruler to measure over in each direction ½ of the circumference of the Lg. O.D. then at those marks bring lines down to the vanishing points.

23

45

67

89

10

Lg. O.D.

Overall CLR length

Sm. O.D.

Vanishing point

1

Lg. Circumference + 4”

Width of your m

etal

23

45

67

89

10

Lg. O.D.

Overall CLR length

Sm. O.D.

Vanishing point

1


Width of your m

etal

23

45

67

89

10

Lg. O.D.

Overall CLR length

Sm. O.D.

Vanishing point

1


Width of your m

etal

35

REDUCING 90’S continued

Step 11: Repeat Step 9 for reference points 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.

Each of the arcs that are scribed represents the center of one of the gores. The reason to skip every other mark when scribing arcs is because they cannot flip-flop like when creating straight gores. The reason is because these gores taper as they go through the 90. This layout will only provide half of the gores.

Step 12: Make a reference drawing to get the reference points that are needed (see image to the left.)

Step 13: Break up the large circumference (top arc) into at least 12 equal parts, and number them starting with the number where the lap will be. This example has the lap at #4. The image shows 4 divisions, they will represent the heel, throat and the CLRs.

Step 14: On lines 2, 4, 6 and 8, transfer the distances from the reference drawing to the metal. This example shows transferred the distances on line 2 and 4.

Step 15: Do the layout again, but this time use scribe line 3, 5, 7 and 9. Make sure your numbers on the gores go the same exact way so that all the gores are all going in the same direction.

A couple side notes: If the 90 is small enough with the CLR length in the center of the metal, swing 2, 4, 6 and 8 going to the right and 3, 5, 7 and 9 to the left.

Make a template of the CLR length needed so it can be placed on the metal where needed, then find the vanishing point and scribe the arcs. This will help with speed if the project has large 90’s and it needs to have a layout for each seperate half.

23

45

67

89

10

2 34

5 6 7

1

½ Heel + ⅜

½ Throat+ /

34

56

78

910

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

4

7

7

7

7

7

1

1

1

1

1

Reference drawing

23

45

67

89

10

23

45

67

89

10

2 34

5 6 7

1

½ Heel + ⅜

½ Throat+ /

34

56

78

910

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

4

4

4

4

7

7

7

7

7

1

1

1

1

1

Reference drawing

23

45

67

89

10

NOTES

36

NOTES

37

NOTES

38

39

Step 1: Draw a base line the length of the O.D. of your covering.

Step 2: Mark the radius of your covering on your base line.

Step 3: Draw perpendicular lines on each side of your O.D. and at your radius mark.

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your O.D. and swing an arch below your base line.


Step 6: On the right side of your diameter, measure up the O.D. of the covering.

Step 7: Using a square, set one end of the square on your base line, the apex of the square on the center line, and the other end of the square on your diameter mark, and then connect those three points.

Step 8: From the apex on your center line, draw a line parallel with your base line.

Step 9: From the points where you broke up your arch, draw lines going up from your angle lines to your top base line.

Step 10: Number each point on your top base 1-7.

Negative Lateral Y Layout


Step 1: Draw a base line the length of the O.D. of your covering.

Step 2: Mark the radius of your covering on your base line.

Step 3: Draw perpendicular lines on each side of your O.D. and at your Radius mark

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your O.D. and swing an arch below your baseline.


Step 6: On the right side of your diameter measure up the O.D. of the covering.

Step 7: Using a square set one end of the square on your baseline, the apex of the square on the center line, and the other end of the square on your diameter mark, and then connect those three points.

Step 8: From the apex on your center line draw a line parallel with your baseline.

Step 9: From the points where your broke up your arch, draw lines going up from your angle lines to your top base line

Step 10: Number each point on your top base 1-7.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Diameter

Covering O.D.

APEX

NEGATIVE LATERAL Y LAYOUT

40

NEGATIVE LATERAL Y LAYOUT continued

Step 11: On your metal or material, scribe a line the length of your circumference.

Step 12: Break your circumference up into the appropriate amount of segments. (For this example, I broke up the arch below my baseline 6 times so I’ll break up my circumference 12 times.)

Step 13: Starting on the right side, number your stretch out from 1 to 7 then back down to 1 again.

Step 14: Set your dividers to the negative portion of your layout and transfer them to your stretch out.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Step 11: On your metal or material scribe a line the length of your circumference.

Step 12: Break your circumference up into the appropriate amount of segments. (For this example I broke up the arch below my baseline 6 times so I’ll break up my circumference 12 times.)

Step 13: Starting on the right side number your stretch out from 1 to 7, then back down to 1 again.

Step 14: Set your dividers to the negative portion of your Layout and transfer them to your stretch out.

41

Step 1: Draw a base line.

Step 2: Draw a 45° line through your base line.

Step 3: From the point where your 45° line intersects with your baseline, go out 12” in each direction, and on your base line draw a line going down the length of your radius. On your 45° line draw a line going across the length of the diameter of your covering.

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and swing a 90° arch below each end of your base line, and then swing a 180° arch on the top and bottom of your 45° line.

Step 5: Break all your arches up into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 6: With a straight edge, connect all of your points on your arches.

Step 7: Connect point A to point B, and then connect point B to point C. (Those two lines should form a 90° angle.)

Point CPoint A

Point B

LATERAL Y (POSITIVE)

42

LATERAL Y (POSITIVE) continued

Step 8: On the right side of your body, number segments starting on the bottom and going up 1-4 and then back down 5-7.

Step 9: Number your strainer 1-7 starting with 1 on the right side.

Step 10: On a piece of material, draw a line the length of your circumference.

Step 11: Break it up in the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 12: On the top, go down about 1” and draw a horizontal line. Going in from each end number your segments 1-4 then back out 5-7.

Step 13: On the bottom, go up about 1” and draw a horizontal line, and then number your segments 7-1, and then back to 7 again.

Step 14: Using dividers, transfer your numbers from your layout to your stretch out.

7

6

5

4

3

2

11

2

3

4

5

6

7

BODY

Lateral Y

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43

Unequal lateral y

Reference Drawing

Step 1: Draw a horizontal baseline intersected by a vertical line.

Step 2: Scribe the large and small O.D.s from the apex.

Step 3: Trisect both sides of the small O.D.

Step 4: Project lines up from the baseline through all the small O.D. points.

Step 5: Number these lines 1-7.

Step 6: Label the left hand side of the large O.D. “A”.

Step 7: Project a line up from point “A”, label this point “B”.

Step 8: Draw a 45° line away from point “A”, label this point “C”.

Step 9: Draw 90° lines from line “AB” over to lines 1-4 on the large O.D.

Step 10: Using point “A” as your apex draw radii from these points on line “AB” down to line “AC”, number these points 1-4

Step 11: From these points on line “AC” draw 90° lines to the corresponding vertical line in the end view. 1&7, 2&6, 3&5, 4. Connect these points.

21

C

B

A 1234567

B

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

34

Step1.Drawa180°baseline.

Step2.ScribethelargeandsmallO.D.sfromtheapex.

Step3.TrisectbothsidesofthesmallO.D.

Step4.ProjectlinesupfromthebaselineindefinitelythroughallthesmallO.D.points.

Step5.Numbertheselines1-7.

Step6.LabelthelefthandsideofthelargeO.D.“A”.

Step7.Projectalineupfrompoint“A”indefinitely,labelthispoint“B”.

Step8.Drawa45°lineawayfrompoint“A”indefinitely,labelthispoint“C”.

Step9.Draw90°linesfromline“AB”overtolines1-4onthelargeO.D.

Step10.Usingpoint “A” as your apexdrawradiifromthesepointsonline“AB”downtoline“AC”,numberthesepoints1-4

Step11.Fromthesepointsonline“AC”draw90°linestothecorrespondingverticallineinthe end view. 1&7, 2&6, 3&5, 4. Connectthesepoints.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1234

C

A

B

UNEQUAL LATERAL Y AND BODY

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B

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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44

UNEQUAL LATERAL Y AND BODY continued

Stem/bonnet template

Step 1: Stretch-out the full circumference of the small O.D., divide it into twice as many divisions as the small O.D. in the end view.

Step 2: Number these divisions 1-7 and 7-1

Step 3: Transfer the lengths from the end view to the corresponding number on the stretch-out. Measuring from the baseline to the intersection points.

Step 4: Using a flex rule, connect these points add for laps, tabs, and cut out.

Special note: Strainers and drains are typically a 45° angle, but if you come across something else this layout will work with any angle. Simply change the degree of line “AC”

1234567654321

Step12.Stretch-outthefullcircumferenceofthesmallO.D.,divideitintotwiceasmanydivisionsasthesmallO.D.intheendview.

Step13.Numberthesedivisions1-7and7-1

Step14.Transferthelengthsfromtheendviewtothecorrespondingnumberonthestretch-out.Measuringfromthebaselinetotheintersectionpoints.

Step15.Usingaflexrule,connectthesepointsaddforlaps,tabs,andcutout.

Specialnote:Strainersanddrainsaretypicallya45°angle,butifyoucomeacrosssomethingelsethislayoutwillworkwithanyangle.Simplychangethedegreeofline“AC”.

45

UNEQUAL LATERAL Y AND BODY continued

C

B

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1

3 4

2

1

3 4

A

Z

2

1

3 4

A

Z

3 56

7

2

1

4

NegativeBodyTemplate

Step1.Drawa90baseline

Step2.Setdividerstothesmallradiusandscribeanarcfromtheapex.

Step3.Trisectthearc

Step4.Projectlinesfromtheverticallineoutindefinitelythroughthetrisectionmarksandthetopandbottomofthearc.Startingwiththebaselinelabeltheselines1-4.

Step5.Drawalineupfromyourbaselineafewinchesawayfromthebottomofthearch.LabelthislineAZ.

Step6.Referringtothereferencedrawingsetdividersfrompoint1onlineACtointersectionpointsonline1and7ontheendintheendview.TransferthesedistancesontolineonetotherightoflineAZ.Repeatforline2,3,4.

Step7.UsingaFlexrule,connectsthesepoints

Step8.Addoneinchbelowdrawingforlapandcutouttemplate.

Step9.Tracepatternontobothsidesofbodymetalcutoutandroll.

Negative Body Template

Step 1: Draw a 90˚ baseline.

Step 2: Set dividers to the small radius and scribe an arc from the apex.

Step 3: Trisect the arc.

Step 4: Project lines from the vertical line out indefinitely through the trisection marks and the top and bottom of the arc. Starting with the baseline, label these lines 1-4.

Step 5: Draw a line up from your baseline a few inches away from the bottom of the arch. Label this line AZ.

Step 6: Referring to the reference drawing, set dividers from point 1 on line AC to intersection points on line 1 and 7 on the end in the end view. Transfer these distances onto line one to the right of line AZ. Repeat for line 2,3,4.

Step7: Using a flex rule, connects these points.

Step 8: Add one inch below drawing for lap and cut out template.

Step 9: Trace pattern onto both sides of body metal, cutout and roll.

C

B

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1

3 4

2

1

3 4

A

Z

2

1

3 4

A

Z

3 56

7

2

1

4




Step3.Trisectthearc







C

B

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1

3 4

2

1

3 4

A

Z

2

1

3 4

A

Z

3 56

7

2

1

4




Step3.Trisectthearc







C

B

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1

3 4

2

1

3 4

A

Z

2

1

3 4

A

Z

3 56

7

2

1

4




Step3.Trisectthearc







46

Tips for Straight Line Lateral Y Material Development

1. Keep your material parallel from cutting table by using another 34 section of covering facing down pushed up next to the ½ section you are working on.

2. Cut directly on the lines, if you are cutting even a % inch off of your marks, (thickness of a sharpie), it will impact the final fit of the lateral Y.

3. KEEP YOUR SAW or KNIFE at a 90 degree angle from the cutting table at all times during your cuts!!!

4. You will always cut from Point 1 to Point 6 and Point 4 to Point 5. It doesn’t matter if you’re making your Body or Branch.

LateralY-45Degreelayoutusing½section

OfPipecovering

Cover. rt<x

Branch Body

Shaded area to be discarded

,

1 1

6

5

4

3

2 2 6

5

4

3

Cut Lines

LateralY-45Degreelayoutusing½section

OfPipecovering

Cover. rt<x

Branch Body

Shaded area to be discarded

,

1 1

6

5

4

3

2 2 6

5

4

3

Cut Lines RIGID MATERIAL LATERAL Y

47

Measurements: 1.2 x Your O.D. = Throat .2 x Your O.D. = Heel .3 x Your O.D. = Arch Measurement

Step 1: Quarter off your covering.

Step 2: Where your covering opens measure down 1.2 x your O.D.

Step 3: From your 1.2 mark, measure back up 1/3 of your O.D. and then from that point go out in each direction 1/3 of your O.D.

Step 4: Draw in your cut line going from your 1.2 mark to your .3 mark up to your ¼ marks on the top of your covering.

Step 5: Spin your covering 180° and go down .2 x your O.D. From that point, draw your cut line to your ¼ marks.

Roof Drains

Heel Throat

Roof Drains

Top View

Front View Throat

1.2

.3 .3 .3

1

¾ ¼

½

Strainer Measurements 1.2 x Your O.D. = Throat .2 x Your O.D. = Heel .3 x Your O.D. = Arch Measurement

Step 1: Quarter off your covering.

Step 2: Where your covering opens measure down 1.2 x your O.D.

Step 3: From your 1⅕ mark, measure back up ⅓ of your O.D. and then from that point go out in each direction ⅓ of your O.D.

Step 4: Draw in your cut line going from your 1.2 mark to your .3 mark up to your ¼ marks on the top of your covering.

Step 5: Spin your covering 180° and go down .2 x your O.D. From that point draw your cut line to your ¼ marks.

.2

Back View Heel

ROOF DRAINS

48

ROOF DRAINS continued

Measurements: 1.4 x Pipe Dia. = Hole cut out ½ the Pipe Dia. .3 x Pipe Diameter

Step 1: Get a starting point on your piece of covering, and make a mark. From that point, go down 1.4 x your O.D., which will be your ending point.

Step 2: Go up from your ending point .3 x your pipe Dia. and scribe a circle.

Step 3: Go down from your starting point ½ your pipe diameter and scribe a circle.

Step 4: Connect the outer most edge of your two circles.

Step 5: (Optional) You can split the distance between your two circles and where you connected your two circles with a straight line go out an extra 3/8” and pencil in an arch. Side note: if you’re doing an unequal lateral Y and you’re swallowing up your strainer, you can use the above layout. Just substitute the diameter of the pipe with the diameter of the covering that you’re swallowing up.

Roof Drains

Body

½ pipe

diameter

.3 pipe Dia.

1.4

x p

ipe

dia

.

Starting Point Step 1: Get a starting point on your piece of covering, and make a mark, and then from that point go down 1.4 x your O.D. which will be your ending point.

Step 2: Go up from your ending point .3 x your pipe Dia. And scribe a circle.

Step 3: Go down from your starting point ½ your pipe diameter and scribe a circle.

Step 4: Connect the outer most edge of your two circles.

Step 5: (Optional) you can split the distance between your two circles, and where you connected your two circles with a straight line go out an extra 3/8” and pencil in an arch.

Side note if you’re doing an unequal lateral Y and you’re swallowing up your strainer you can use the above layout. Just substitute the diameter of the pipe with the diameter of the covering that you’re swallowing up.

Measurements 1.4 x Pipe Dia. = Hole cut out

½ the Pipe Dia. .3 x Pipe Diameter

49

Step 1: Get a piece of lap tape at least a few inches longer then the circumference of the pipe.

Step 2: On the lap tape, mark the quarter circumference measurements of the pipes circumference.

Step 3: With the lap tape, starting in the crotch of the pants, wrap it around one of the legs of the pants.

Step 4: On the top portion of the tape, draw a line around the pipe marking all the ¼ marks.

Step 5: Referring to the drawing to the left. You’ll need 3 measurements.

1. Point “C” which will always be 0” 2. Point “B” will be the same on either side 3. Point “A”

Step 6: Draw a baseline and mark the Diameter and radius of your pipe.

Step 7: On one side of your diameter go straight up and mark your a measurement. (Only use cross hairs. Do not draw a vertical line going up)

Step 8: At Point “C,” measure out the thickness of your insulation and draw a 90° line going down from your baseline.

Step 9: At your “A” Point again go out the thickness of your insulation and draw a line going up from your baseline and down from your baseline.

Step 10: Draw a line from Point “B” through Point “A” to your insulation thickness line.

Step 11: Draw a line from Point “B” through Point “C” to your insulation thickness line. That will give you Point “D.”

Pants

AMeasurement

BMeasurement

C

C

B

A

B

A

C

Insulatio

nThickness

Insulatio

nThickness

Tape

PipeDiameter

Step1:Getapieceoflaptapeatleastafewincheslongerthenthecircumferenceofthepipe.

Step2:Onthelaptape,markthequartercircumferencemeasurementsofthepipescircumference.

Step3:Withthelaptapestartinginthecrotchofthepantswrapitaroundoneofthelegsofthepants.

Step4:onthetopportionofthetapedrawalinearoundthepipemarkingallthe¼marks.

Step5:Referringtothedrawingtotheleft.You’llneed3measurements.

1. Point“C”whichwillalwaysbe0”2. Point“B”willbethesameoneitherside3. Point“A”

Step6:DrawabaselineandmarktheDiameterandradiusofyourpipe.

Step7:Ononesideofyourdiametergostraightupandmarkyou’reameasurement.(Onlyusecrosshairsdonotdrawaverticallinegoingup)

Step8:atPoint“C”measureoutthethicknessofyourinsulationanddrawa90°linegoingdownfromyourbaseline.

Step9:Atyour“A”Pointagaingooutthethicknessofyourinsulationanddrawalinegoingupfromyourbaselineanddownfromyourbaseline.

Step10:DrawalinefromPoint“B”throughPoint“A”toyourinsulationthicknessline.

Step11:DrawalinefromPoint“B”throughPoint“C”toyourinsulationthicknessline.ThatwillgiveyouPoint“D”

Pants

PANTS

50

PANTS continued

Step 12: From Point “D,” make a new baseline

Step 13: Set your dividers to the radius of your covering and sing an arch below your new baseline.

Step 14: Break your arch up into the appropriate amount of segments. For this example, I broke it up 6x.

Step 16: Bring those points up to your angled lines.

Step 17: Starting at your crotch, number your points of reference 1-7.

Step 18: On your material/jacketing, go up about 4” from the bottom and draw a line the length of your insulated circumference.

Step 19: Break up your insulated circumference into the appropriate amount of segments.

Step 20: Number each segment starting with #1 and transfer your measurements from your layout to your stretch-out.

Pants

7 5

4

3

2

6

1

1234567654321

Step12:FromPoint“D”makeanewbaseline

Step13:Setyourdividerstotheradiusofyourcoveringandsinganarchbelowyournewbaseline.

Step14:Breakyourarchupintotheappropriateamountofsegments.ForthisexampleIbrokeitup6x.

Step16:bringthosepointsuptoyourangledlines.

Step17:Startingatyourcrotchnumberyourpointsofreference1-7.

Step18:Onyourmaterial/jacketinggoupabout4”fromthebottomanddrawalinethelengthofyourinsulatedcircumference.

Step19:Breakupyourinsulatedcircumferenceintotheappropriateamountofsegments.

Step20:Numbereachsegmentstartingwith#1andtransferyourmeasurementsfromyourlayouttoyourstretch-out.

Pants

7 5

4

3

2

6

1

1234567654321

Step12:FromPoint“D”makeanewbaseline

Step13:Setyourdividerstotheradiusofyourcoveringandsinganarchbelowyournewbaseline.

Step14:Breakyourarchupintotheappropriateamountofsegments.ForthisexampleIbrokeitup6x.

Step16:bringthosepointsuptoyourangledlines.

Step17:Startingatyourcrotchnumberyourpointsofreference1-7.

Step18:Onyourmaterial/jacketinggoupabout4”fromthebottomanddrawalinethelengthofyourinsulatedcircumference.

Step19:Breakupyourinsulatedcircumferenceintotheappropriateamountofsegments.

Step20:Numbereachsegmentstartingwith#1andtransferyourmeasurementsfromyourlayouttoyourstretch-out.

NOTES

51

NOTES

52

53

You will need three measurements for this layout. All measurements are going off an insulated cone.

A) Small radius

B) Large radius

C) True height

Step 1: Draw a vertical line (A) about twice the size of your Lg. O.D.

Step 2: Measure up from the bottom of line A the Lg. radius and draw a horizontal line a little longer than your Lg. radius. We will call that line B.

Step 3: From where line B intersects with line A, measure up your true height and draw a horizontal line a little longer than your Sm. Radius. We will call that line C.

Step 4: On line B, measure out your Lg. radius and make a mark

Step 5: On line C, measure out your Sm. radius and make a mark.

Step 6: Draw a line going up from your Lg. radius mark on line B through your Sm. radius mark on line C up to line A. That point will be the apex where you swing the arches for the body of your cone.

Step 7: Set your dividers to the radius of your Lg. portion of the cone, and swing an arch below line B to line A.

Step 8: Break up your arch below line B into 4 equal parts. (Each part is equal to 1/16 of the circumference of the Lg. portion of the cone.)

Concentric Reduced

CONCENTRIC REDUCER

54

CONCENTRIC REDUCER continued

Step 9: Set your dividers or trammel points from your apex to the radius mark on line C, and swing an arch going up.

Step 10: Set your dividers from your apex to your radius mark on line B and swing an arch going up.

Step 11: With your dividers, set to 1/16 of the circumference of the Lg. portion of the cone (refer to step #8), start from the angle line and walk them over 8x on the arch you swung up from line B.

Step 12: From the last mark, scribe a line to your apex.

Step 13: Cut out your pattern and trace it to your covering or metal. If tracing to metal, make sure you add for your appropriate laps, beads, notches, and/or crimps.

55

This layout will allow you to draw a center reducer of any size and angle (slope).

The measurements needed are the radius of the small pipe covering; the radius of the large pipe covering; and the length of the slope.

Step 1: Draw a vertical line X-A, about three times longer than the large radius.

Step 2: Measure up the length of the large radius, A-Y, and draw a right angle with Y-E the same length.

Step 3: From the apex Y, measure over the length of the small radius, Y-Z, and draw a vertical guide line Z. Label line Z.

Step 4: From the apex Y, swing an arc connecting to the right angle, A-E. Divide this arc into four equal segments.

Step 5: Using the length of the slope measurement, draw the length of the slope from E to where it intersects line Z.

Extend a line from Z to X to create an apex.

Step 6: Set your dividers from the apex, X to Z, and swing the inside arc.

Set your dividers from the apex X to E, and swing the large arc.


Asbestos Workers

Concentric Reducer


CONCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL)

56

CONCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL) continued

Step 7: Draw a start line from the apex through the large arc. This line is drawn just far enough away so you don’t get it mixed up with your drawing. As you become more skilled, you may use line A-E as your start line.

Set your dividers using any of the equal measurements on arc A-E, example B-C.

Step 8: Using this setting, from the start line, Step 16 segments. This will equal the circumference of the pipe covering. Add one more segment for a lap.

Step 9: To allow for notches or crimp, swing an arc Y an inch shorter than X-Z.

And 3/4 inch longer than X-E.

Add 3/4 inch for safety edge.

57

Step 1: Draw a horizontal line equal to the outside diameter of the large pipe insulation. From the end of this line, draw a half circle equal to the O.D. of the small pipe insulation and a half circle equal to the O.D. of the large pipe insulation.

Step 2: Divide each half circle into 8 equal segments. Number the segments of the large half circle with even numbers and the segments of the small half circle with odd numbers.

Step 3: Draw a horizontal line at least the length of the reducer (weld to weld), label it “A”, and a vertical line from line A to form an apex and label it “B”. From the apex, measure the length of the reducer (weld to weld) on line A to create point C. On figure 1, set dividers from 0 to 1. Transfer this 0 measurement to figure 2 (up line B from the apex). Set dividers from 1 to 2. Transfer this measurement to line B from the apex. Set dividers from 2 to 3. Transfer this measurement to line B from the apex. Set dividers from 3 to 4. Transfer this measurement to line B from the apex. Continue through 15 to 16.


Asbestos Workers

Eccentric Reducer


weld to weld

weld to weld

weld to weld

ECCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL)

58

ECCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL) continued

Step 4: Draw the layout drawing:

a) Draw a baseline equal to the length of the fitting (weld to weld).

b) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of the small half circle and scribe an arc above the right end of the baseline.

c) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set dividers from point C to #1. Transfer to the layout drawing from point O to create point #1.

d) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of the large half circle. Scribe an arc above the left end (point 0) of the baseline.

e) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set dividers from point C to #2. Transfer to the layout drawing from point #1 to create Point #2.

f) With dividers set to the small arc measurement of the small half circle, put a divider point on point #1 and scribe an arc above.

g) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set dividers from point C to #3. Transfer to the layout drawing from point #2 to create point #3. Continue through Point 16.Step 5: Connect the intersecting points on each line and cut out the half pattern.

Step 4: Draw the layout drawing; a) Draw a baseline equal to the length of the fitting (weld to weld). b) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of the small half circle and scribe an arc above the right end of the baseline. c) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set dividers from Point C to #1. Transfer to the layout drawing from Point O to create Point #1. d) On figure 1 of the reference drawing, set dividers to the arc measurement of one of the equal segments of the large half circle. Scribe an arc above the left end (Point 0) of the baseline. e) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set dividers from Point C to #2. Transfer to the layout drawing from Point #1 to create Point #2. f) With dividers set to the small arc measurement of the small half circle, put a divider point on Point #1 and scribe an arc above. g) On figure 2 of the reference drawing, set dividers from Point C to #3. Transfer to the layout drawing from Point #2 to create Point #3.

Continue through Point 16.

Step 5: Connect the intersecting points on each line and cut out the half pattern.

14-16

Figure 2


2 of 3 Eccentric Reducer

These reference drawings are used to layout the pattern. B




14-16

Figure 2







14-16

Figure 2







14-16

Figure 2




59

ECCENTRIC REDUCER (INTERNATIONAL) continued


Add notches, lap and safety edge.


True

Heig

ht

Patt

ern

Slan

t Hei

ght

True

Heig

ht

Patt

ern

Slan

t Hei

ght

Slan

t Heig

ht

Patt

ern

True

Hei

ght

60

For this layout you’ll need three measurements: A) Lg. O.D. B) Sm. O.D. C) Weld to weld

Step 1: Draw a right angle and label it line A and B

Step 2: From your apex, measure up line A the distance of your Lg. diameter and make a mark.

Step 3: From your apex, measure over on line B the distance of your reducer (weld to weld) and make a line going up the distance of your Sm. diameter. That will be line C.

Step 4: Scribe a line from your Lg. diameter through your small diameter to line B. That will be point Y.

Step 5: Set your dividers to the radius of your Lg. diameter and swing an arch from your apex to your Lg. diameter mark on line A.

Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts and number them 0-6 starting at your apex.

Step 7: With your dividers set to your apex, swing arches from 1-5 up to line A.

Step 8: Using a band, start from your Y point and go to number 6 on line A. Mark where the band intersects with your A line & C line.

Step 9: With your band, fixed at your Y point, swing the other end of the band down and mark where the band intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0.

Hog Nose

Step 1: Draw a right angle and label it Line A and B

Step 2: From your apex measure up line A the distance of your Lg. diameter and make a mark.

Step 3: From your apex measure over on line B the distance of your reducer, (Weld to Weld) and make a line going up the distance of your Sm. diameter. That will be line C

Step 4: Scribe a line from your Lg. diameter through your small diameter to Line B. That will be Point Y

Step 5: Set your dividers to the radius of your Lg. diameter, and swing an arch from your apex to your Lg. diameter mark on line A.

Step 6: Break your arch up into 6 equal parts and number them 0-6 starting at your Apex

Step 7: With your dividers set to your Apex swing arches from 1-5 up to line A

Step 8: Using a band start from your Y point and go to number 6 on line A. Mark where the band intersects with your A line & C line

Step 9: With your Band fixed at your Y point swing the other end of the band down, and marking where the band intersects with line A & C on the rest of your numbers 4-0.

For this layout you’ll need three measurements.

A) Lg. O.D. B) Sm. O.D. C) Weld to Weld

Line

A

Line B

Line

C

Apex

0

1

2

3

4

56

Point Y

Hog Nose












Line

A

Line B

Line

C

Apex

0

1

2

3

4

56

Point Y

Hog Nose












Line

A

Line B

Line

C

Apex

0

1

2

3

4

56

Point Y

Hog Nose












Line

A

Line B

Line

C

Apex

0

1

2

3

4

56

Point Y

Hog Nose












Line

A

Line B

Line

C

Apex

0

1

2

3

4

56

Point Y

Hog Nose












Line

A

Line B

Line

C

Apex

0

1

2

3

4

56

Point Y

HOG NOSE

61

HOG NOSE continued

Step 10: With your band pivoting at the point where it was placed on the Y point, mark the distance of the 0 marks on your band.

Step 11: At the far left mark, go up 1/12 of your Lg. circumference and make a mark.

Step 12: Swinging the band up, mark the distance of #1 marks on the band. Then keep alternating between marking up 1/12 of the Lg. cir. and the distance between numbers 2-6.

Step 13: Connect all your points and then cut out your pattern. Trace your pattern to your insulation and/or metal. Add your appropriate laps and safety edges to your metal.

Hog Nose

Step 13: Connect all your points and then cut out your pattern. Trace your pattern to your insulation and or metal. Add your appropriate laps and safety edges to your metal.

112

Step 10: With your band pivoting at the point where it was placed on the Y point mark the distance of the 0 marks on your band.

Step 11: At the far left mark go up 1/12 of your Lg. circumference and make a mark.

Step 12: swinging the band up mark the distance of #1 marks on the band. Then keep alternating between marking up 1/12 of the Lg. Cir. And the distance between numbers 2-6.

112

Lap

Hog Nose

Step 13: Connect all your points and then cut out your pattern. Trace your pattern to your insulation and or metal. Add your appropriate laps and safety edges to your metal.

112

Step 10: With your band pivoting at the point where it was placed on the Y point mark the distance of the 0 marks on your band.

Step 11: At the far left mark go up 1/12 of your Lg. circumference and make a mark.

Step 12: swinging the band up mark the distance of #1 marks on the band. Then keep alternating between marking up 1/12 of the Lg. Cir. And the distance between numbers 2-6.

112

Lap

NOTES

62

NOTES

63

NOTES

64

65

Step 1: Draw the actual size of the square object including insulation, and divide into 4 equal parts. Label the center line A-A, and the baseline B-B.

Step 2: Set your dividers for Vi of the outside diameter of the pipe insulation and draw the circle in the center of the square. Divide a quarter of the circle into 4 equal segments. Step 3: Number 1 through 5. Connect the Point B to each of the numbers. Draw a right angle next to the first drawing. Step 4: Set your dividers from the Point B to the #1. Since the round is coming out of the center, the #5 will be the same distance. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle along the baseline of the right angle #5 and #1.

Step 5: From the same corner, set your dividers to the #2 and the #4. Again, since the round is coming out of the center, the #2 and #4 will also be equal. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle along the baseline of the right angle #4 and #2. Do the same for the #3.

Step 6: Set your dividers from A to #1. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle.

1 of 2 Square to Round

Step 7: Using the true height of the square to round transition and transfer this measurement to the rise of the right angle. This becomes the apex for the divider settings for the layout. Using a straightedge draw reference lines.


Step 1: Draw the actual size of the square object, including insulation, and divide into 4 equal parts. Label the center line A-A, and the baseline B-B.

Step 2: Set your dividers for 1/2 of the outside diameter of the pipe insulation and draw the circle in the center of the square.Divide a quarter of the circle into 4 equal segments.

Step 3: Number 1 through 5. Connect the Point B to each of the numbers. Draw a right angle next to the first drawing.

Step 4: Set your dividers from the Point B to the #1. Since the round is coming out of the center, the #5 will be the same distance. Mark this measurement from the apex of the right angle along the baseline of the right angle #5 and #1.



















Asbestos Workers

Square to Round International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003

SQUARE TO ROUND

66

SQUARE TO ROUND continued

Step 8: Draw line B-B the width of one of the sides of the square. a) Set dividers from the apex to #5 on the reference drawing and swing an arc from each end of line B to establish point #5 on the layout drawing.

b) Set dividers for 1/16 of the pipe insulation circumference and swing an arc to the right and left of point #5.

c) Set dividers from the apex to #4 on the reference drawing and swing an arc from each end of Line B to establish point #4 on the layout drawing.

d) Continue to establish points B-3, B-2, and B-l.

Step 9: On the reference drawing, set dividers from the apex to A-l.

On the layout drawing, swing an arc from each point #1.

Set dividers for 1/2 of the side measurement of the square and swing an arc from each end of line B-B to establish point C.

Connect point B to point C to #1 on both sides. This is half of the transition.

Step 10: Add the necessary side laps, end laps to attach to the square, and notches to attach to the round. The other side will be the same with the exception of the safety edges replacing the side laps.


2 1 Step 8: Draw line B-B the width of one of the sides of the square.

a) Set dividers from the apex to #5 on the reference drawing and swing an arc from each end of line B to establish point #5 on the layout drawing. b) Set dividers for 1/16 of the pipe insulation circumference and swing an arc to the right and left of point #5. c) Set dividers from the apex to #4 on the reference drawing and swing an arc from each end of Line B to establish point #4 on the layout drawing. d) Continue to establish points B-3, B-2, and B-l.

Step 9: On the reference drawing set dividers from the apex to A-l.

On the layout drawing swing an arc from each point #1. Set dividers for Vi of the side measurement of the square and swing an arc from each end of line B-B to establish point C. Connect point B to point C to #1 on both sides. This is half of the transition.




















67

SQUARE TO ROUND (OFFSET)

MeasurementsStep 1: Get the diameter of the insulated round.

Step 2: Get the size of the insulated square.

Step 3: Find the distance between the center of the square and the center of the round.

Step 4: Get your true height.

LayoutStep 5: Draw the actual size of your insulated duct and label the top two corners L & R.

Step 6: Mark the center of your square on the top and sides. Draw horizontal line in the center of your square and mark the ends AL & AR.

Step 7: On the top of the square, measure over the distance of the center of your offset round and draw a line going straight down.

Step 8: Set your dividers to the radius of your round. Place them where the center of the round and the center of the square intersect and scribe a circle.

Step 9: Break up the top portion of the circle and number it 1-5 then back down to 1. (Remember each portion is 1/16 of your rounds circumference).

Offset Square to Round

Square to Round

C L

Step 1: Get the diameter of the insulated round.

Step 2: Get the size of the insulated square.

Step 3: Find the distance between the center of the square and the center of the round.

Step 4: Get your true height

Layout

thgieH eurT

L C

L R

AL AR 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

Step 5: Draw the actual size of your insulated duct, and label the top two corners L & R.

Step 6: Mark the center of your square on the top and sides. Draw horizontal line in the center of your square, and mark the ends AL & AR.

Step 7: On the top of the square measure over the distance of the center of your offset round, and draw a line going straight down.

Step 8: Set your dividers to the radius of your round. Place them where the center of the round and the center of the square intersect and scribe a circle.

Step 9: Break up the top por on of the circle and number it 1-5 the back down to 1. (Remember each por on is 1/16 of your rounds circumference).

Measurements

Layout

68

SQUARE TO ROUND (OFFSET) continuedO�set Square to Round

True Height (TH)

AR AL R R R L L L 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 1 R R L L 5 2 2 5

Reference Drawing M a k in g yo u r r ef er en c e d r a w in g

Step 10: Draw a right angle. From your apex go up the distance of your True Height and make a mark.

Step 11: On your layout drawing set your dividers from your AR point on the square to your #1 point on your circle, and mark that distance on your reference drawing. Do the same for your AL 1 mark.

Step 12: Set your dividers from your L point to #1 and mark it on your reference drawing. Do the same for numbers 2-5. (Repeat this step for R1-R5)

S t r et c h o ut P a t t er n

Step 13: Draw a line the length of one side of your square and mark one side L and the other R.

A) On your reference drawing set your dividers from your True Height (T.H.) to R5, and then swings an arch going up from your R point on your stretch out patter.

B) Do the same thing for you’re for L5 point. Remember to always start from your T.H. when setting your dividers, this time go up from your L point on the pattern and swing an arch. Where these two lines intersect will give you you’re 5 point on your stretch out pattern.

C) Setting your dividers to 1/16 of the rounds circumference scribe an arch on each side of your #5 point, and then set your dividers from the T.H. to R4, again going from your R point on your stretch drawing swing an arch going up. This will give you your 4 point.

D) Continue this process to get the rest of your points on the R side, and then do the same for the L side.

Step 14: Set your dividers from your AR1 mark to your T.H. and swing an arch going down from your R1 point on your pattern. Do the same to the left side of your stretch out pattern using your AL1 measurement on the reference drawing.

Step 15: Set your dividers to ½ of one side of your square and swing an arch going out from your R point and L point. Where those arch intersect with the arch from the last step will give you your AR and AL points.

Step 16: Add your appropriate laps.

Stretch Out Pattern R L

1 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2

AR AL

O�set Square to Round

True Height (TH)

AR AL R R R L L L 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 1 R R L L 5 2 2 5

Reference Drawing M a k in g yo u r r ef er en c e d r a w in g

Step 10: Draw a right angle. From your apex go up the distance of your True Height and make a mark.

Step 11: On your layout drawing set your dividers from your AR point on the square to your #1 point on your circle, and mark that distance on your reference drawing. Do the same for your AL 1 mark.


S t r et c h o ut P a t t er n

Step 13: Draw a line the length of one side of your square and mark one side L and the other R.

A) On your reference drawing set your dividers from your True Height (T.H.) to R5, and then swings an arch going up from your R point on your stretch out patter.

B) Do the same thing for you’re for L5 point. Remember to always start from your T.H. when setting your dividers, this time go up from your L point on the pattern and swing an arch. Where these two lines intersect will give you you’re 5 point on your stretch out pattern.

C) Setting your dividers to 1/16 of the rounds circumference scribe an arch on each side of your #5 point, and then set your dividers from the T.H. to R4, again going from your R point on your stretch drawing swing an arch going up. This will give you your 4 point.


Step 14: Set your dividers from your AR1 mark to your T.H. and swing an arch going down from your R1 point on your pattern. Do the same to the left side of your stretch out pattern using your AL1 measurement on the reference drawing.

Step 15: Set your dividers to ½ of one side of your square and swing an arch going out from your R point and L point. Where those arch intersect with the arch from the last step will give you your AR and AL points.

Step 16: Add your appropriate laps.

Stretch Out Pattern R L

1 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2

AR AL

Making your reference drawingStep 10: Draw a right angle. From your apex, go up the distance of your True Height and make a mark.

Step 11: On your layout drawing, set your dividers from your AR point on the square to your #1 point on your circle, and mark that distance on your reference drawing. Do the same for your AL 1 mark.


Stretch out PatternStep 13: Draw a line the length of one side of your square and mark one side L and the other R.

A) On your reference drawing, set your dividers from your True Height (TH) to R5, and then swing an arch going up from your R point on your stretch out pattern.

B) Do the same thing for your L5 point. Remember to always start from your TH when setting your dividers. This time, go up from your L point on the pattern and swing an arch. Where these two lines intersect will give you your 5 point on your stretch out pattern.

C) Setting your dividers to 1/16 of the round circumference, scribe an arch on each side of your #5 point. Set your dividers from the TH to R4, by again going from your R point on your stretch drawing to swing an arch going up. This will give you your 4 point.


Step 14: Set your dividers from your AR1 mark to your TH and swing an arch going down from your R1 point on your pattern. Do the same to the left side of your stretch out pattern using your AL1 measurement on the reference drawing.

Step 15: Set your dividers to ½ of one side of your square and swing an arch going out from your R point and L point. Where those arches intersect with the arch from the last step will give you your ARand AL points.

Step 16: Add your appropriate laps. Flip this pattern to make a mirror image for the opposite half.

NOTES

69

NOTES

70

71


Step 2: On your right angle, go up from your apex the radius of your tank.

Step 3: From your radius point, make a horizontal line.

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your tank and swing an arc.

Step 5: From the bottom of your arc, measure up your gore length. Make a mark on your center line (CL).

Step 6: Break up a quarter of your arc into ¼ of the amount of gores that you’ll need. (i.e. if you need 24 gores break up a quarter of your arc 6x.)

Step 7: From your CL of your gore, go out in each direction ½ of the base of your gore.

Step 8: Bring those points up to your gore length

Step 9: Add in lap. On the base of your gore, go out in each direction 5/8”, and go up from your gore length 5/8” and connect those points.

Step 10: Add ¾” below your arc for crimp.

Dish Head Layout (Gores)

You will need two measurements 1. The Diameter of the insulated tank.

2. Your Gore length.

Diameter

Measurements


C L

C L

Gore length

C L

Gore length

Radi

us

Step 1: Draw a Right angel.

Step 2: On your right angel go up from your apex the radius of your tank.

Step 3: From your radius point make a horizontal line.

Step 4: Set your dividers to the radius of your tank and swing an arc.

Step 5: From the bottom of your arc measure up your gore length. And make a mark on your center line (CL).

Step 6: break up a quarter of your arc into ¼ of the amount of gores that you’ll need. (i.e. if you need 24 gores break up a quarter of your arc 6x.)

Step 7: From your CL of your gore go out in each direction ½ of the base of your gore.

Step 8: Bring those points up to your gore length

Step 9: Add in lap. On the base of your gore go out in each direction 5/8”, and go up from your gore length 5/8” and connect those points.

Step 10: add ¾” below your arc for crimp.

TANK HEAD LAYOUT (GORES)

72

TANK HEAD LAYOUT (GORES) continued

Installing Gores to a Head

Step 1: Attach a 6” ring of metal around the end of your tank body.

Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of the head.

Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around 3” wide to hold your center piece in place.

Step 4: Attach your four 3” strips of metal to your circle using pop rivets.

Step 5: Place your circle in the center of the head and wrap the 3” strips around the head and fasten them to the 6” ring on the end of the head.

Step 6: On a horizontal tank, you need to start with your starter piece in the center, on the bottom of the tank. Then put on the rights then the lefts. Your last piece you will install will be the finished piece.


Step 1: Attach a 6” ring of metal around the end of your tank body. Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of the head. Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around 3” wide to hold your center piece in place. Step 4: Attach your four 3” strips of metal to your circle using pop rivets. Step 5: Place your circle in the center of the head and wrap the 3” strips around the head and fasten them to the 6” ring on the end of the head. Step 6: On a horizontal tank you need to start with your starter piece in the center, on the bottom of the tank. Then put on the rights then the lefts. Your last piece you will install will be the finish piece.

Fini

sh

Lefts

Rights

Star

ter

Installing Gores to a head

73

Page 1 of 3 Head Gores

To use this method, you must go the tank head and take the measurements as follows:

Step 1: Measure the Circumference of the insulated tank. Measure across the head of the tank; this is twice the gore length. Determine the # of gores that you will use.

Diameter # of Gores Up to 3' 28 3’ to 5' 32 5' to 8' 36 8' to 12’ 40 12'to 20’ 48 20' and larger 52

Divide the circumference by number of gores to determine the heel measurement of each gore. Example 36" diameter = 113” circumference; 113" ÷ 28=4 ⅜”

Step 2: Find the center of the head. Stretch a chalk line to where the head starts at the body of the tank. Snap it! Step 3: To allow for bead and crimp: Add 3/4" to the heel measurement; mark half of this measurement on each side of the centerline. Add 1/2" to the center point of the tank head; mark half of this measurement on each side of the centerline. Stretch a chalk line and snap it on each side of the centerline to create a snap line pattern. This gore drawn on the head is used to obtain the measurements needed for the layout drawing. Divide the snap line pattern into eight equal parts and number 1 through 9. Measure each numbered line and write them down. Step 4: Start your metal pattern with a centerline the length of the gore. Divide into eight equal parts, draw perpendiculars through each and number the lines 1 through 9. Step 5: Transfer the measurements taken from the tank head to the corresponding numbers on the layout drawing. Divide each measurement in half and swing arc on each side of centerline.

Add 3" to the end to of the pattern for a lap that will roll onto the body of the tank.


Step 1: Measure the Circumference of the insulated tank. Measure across the head of the tank; this is twice the gore length. Determine the # of gores that you will use. Diameter # of Gores Up to 3’ 28 3’ to 5’ 32 5’ to 8’ 36 8’ to 12’ 40 12’ to 20’ 48 20’ and larger 52 Divide the circumference by number of gores to determine the heel measurement of each gore. Example: 36” diameter = 113” circumference; 113” ÷ 28 = 4”

Step 2: Find the center of the head. Stretch a chalk line to where the head starts at the body of the tank. Snap it!

Step 3: To allow for bead and crimp: Add 3/4” to the heel measurement; mark half of this measurement on each side of the centerline. Add 1/2” to the center point of the tank head; mark half of this measurement on each side of the centerline. Stretch a chalk line and snap it on each side of the centerline to create a snap line pattern. This gore drawn on the head is used to obtain the measurements needed for the layout drawing. Divide the snap line pattern into eight equal parts and number 1 through 9. Measure each numbered line and write them down.

Step 4: Start your metal pattern with a centerline the length of the gore. Divide into eight equal parts, draw perpendiculars through each and number the lines 1 through 9.

STANDARD HEAD GORES


Asbestos Workers

Head Gores International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers © Version 1 2003


Step 6: Trace this pattern out the number of gores that you will need to complete the tank head.

Step7: Crimp and bead as necessary. The starter gore will have two crimp edges. Lefts and rights will be used to provide a watershed. The finish gore will have two bead edges.

Finish Left Starter Right

Step 8: Before installing the head gores you will need to: a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4" to 6"wide to the end of the body of the tank. b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2" to 3" wide to hold the center piece in place. d) Attach the center piece to the circumference piece with pop rivets.


74

STANDARD HEAD GORES continued

Step 5: Transfer the measurements taken from the tank head to the corresponding numbers on the layout drawing. Divide each measurement in half and swing arc on each side of centerline. Add 3” to the end to of the pattern for a lap that will roll onto the body of the tank.


Step 7: Crimp and bead as necessary. The starter gore will have two crimp edges. Lefts and rights will be used to provide a watershed. The finished gore will have two bead edges.

Step 8: Before installing the head gores you will need to: a) Attach a piece of jacketing 4” to 6”wide to the end of the body of the tank. b) Cut a circle for the center of the head. c) Cut two bands of jacketing 2” to 3” wide to hold the center piece in place. d) Attach the center piece to the circumference piece with pop rivets.



















75

STANDARD HEAD GORES continued


You are ready to start applying the gores. On a horizontal tank, start at the bottom of the head in the center with the starter gore. Work your way up the left and right sides and finish at the top with the finish gore.

Use dividers to equally space the pop rivets.


You are ready to start applying the gores. On a horizontal tank, start at the bottom of the head in the center with the starter gore.

Work your way up the left and right sides and finish at the top with the finish gore.Use dividers to equally space the pop rivets.

76

Ratio Layout Head Gores

Example: 4’ Diameter tank with 2” of insulation on a 2:1 head.

(All measurements are with insulation)

Rise of Head =:14” (Rise of Head + 2”)

Radius of Insulated Tank =:26”

Ratio of Head =:.538 - How to get that # is Rise ÷ Radius (14 ÷ 26 = .538)

O.D. of Tank =:52” (48 + 4 = 52)

Circumference of Insulated Tank =:163 ¼“ (52 x 3.14 = 163.28)

Base of the Gore =:5 13/16 (Divide the circumference by the number of gores. This head will take 28 gores so 163.28 ÷ 28 = 5.831 round to the nearest 1/16 which gives you 5 13/16.)

Ratio of Rise: Take your gore base and multiply by the ratio of the head .538

(5.831 x .538 = 3.13 or 3 1/8)

Gore Length: 31 3/8 (Gore length = )

26 + 14 = 40 x 3.1416 = 125.6 ÷ 4 = 31.4 or 31 3/8

Measurements needed for layout: Gore length 313/8 Gore Base 5 13/16, and Ratio of the Rise 31/8.


C L

26”

14”

Example: 4’Diameter tank with 2” of insulation on a 2:1 head. (All measurements are with insulation) Rise of Head = 14” (Rise of Head+2”) Radius of Insulated Tank =26” Ratio of Head = .538 - How to get that # is Rise ÷ Radius (14 ÷ 26 = .538) O.D. of Tank = 52” (48+4=52) Circumference of Insulated Tank = 163 ¼ (52 x 3.14 = 163.28) Base of the Gore = 5 13 16⁄ (How to get this #. Take the # of gores your putting on and ÷ by your circumference. This head will take 28 gores so 163.28 ÷ 28 = 5.831 round to the nearest 1 16 ⁄ which gives you 5 13 16⁄ ) Ratio of Rise: Take your gore base and multiply by the ratio of the head .538 (5.831 x .538 =3.13 or 3 ⅛) Gore Length: 31⅜, how’d to get this number? ( (𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑+𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑) 𝐱𝐱 𝟑𝟑.𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

𝟏𝟏 ) = Gore Length 26 + 14 = 40 x 3.1416 =125.6 ÷ 4 =31.4 or 31 ⅜ Measurements needed for layout: Gore length 31⅜, Gore Base 5𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ⁄ , and Ratio of the Rise 3⅛.

Rise of head 12”

SWIRL LAYOUT HEAD GORES

Radius + Rise of the head 3.1416 (π)4

77

SWIRL LAYOUT HEAD GORES continuedRatio Layout Head Gores

Step 1: Draw a centerline your Gore Length and break it up into 4 equal parts, and number them 1-4 Step 2: On one end make a 3” back lap.

Lap

3”

3”

Step 3: On the top side of your lap going out in each direction mark ½ of your Gore Base.

Step 4: On your centerline go up ½ your Rise Ratio measurement, and draw an ellipse. (If needed refer to the measurement section in layout book on how to draw an ellipse)

C L

1 2 3 4

4 Step 5: Divide each quarter of your ellipse into 4 equal parts, and number them 1-4

Step 6: Connect the numbers on the ellipse to the corresponding numbers on the Gore Length.

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4



Lap

3”

3”



C L

1 2 3 4

4

Step 5: Divide each quarter of your ellipse into 4 equal parts, and number them 1-4


1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4



Lap

3”

3”



C L

1 2 3 4

4

Step 5: Divide each quarter of your ellipse into 4 equal parts, and number them 1-4


1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

Step 1: Draw a centerline your Gore Length and break it up into 4 equal parts, andnumber them 1-4. Step 2: On one end make a 3” back lap.

Step 5: Divide each quarter of your ellipse into 4 equal parts, and number them 1-4.

Step 6: Connect the numbers on the ellipse to the corresponding numbers on theGore Length.

Step 3: On the top side of your lap going out in each direction mark ½ of your Gore Base. Step 4: On your centerline go up ½ on your Rise Ratio measurement, and draw an ellipse.(If needed refer to the measurement section in layout book on how to draw an ellipse.)

78

SWIRL LAYOUT HEAD GORES continuedRatio Layout Head Gores

2

1

3

4

1 2 3 4

Step 1: On #1 and # 3 you are going to mark your deflection for the swirl affect. On #1 go to the right of your center line and on #3 go to the left of your center line. Your deflection amounts are going to vary, just make sure that your arcs flow smoothly

Step 2: Using a circumference ruler (bend bar) make a smooth arc going from where your baseline and center meet through your deflection mark on #1 and back to where your center line and #2 meet.

Step 3: Again, using your circumference ruler make a smooth arc from #2 through your deflection mark on #3 and back to where #4 and your center line meet.

Step 4: Now transfer your distances from your ellipse to the corresponding points on the gore length. 1 to 1, 2 to 2, and 3 to 3.

Step 5: Using a circumference ruler connect your marks to make your gore pattern

Step 6: Using your patter make a patter for rights a pattern for lefts and a starter piece, adding ¾“ for your crimp to the appropriate side.

Making a Swirled Tank Head


2

1

3

4

1 2 3 4

Step 1: On #1 and # 3 you are going to mark your deflection for the swirl affect. On #1 go to the right of your center line and on #3 go to the left of your center line. Your deflection amounts are going to vary, just make sure that your arcs flow smoothly

Step 2: Using a circumference ruler (bend bar) make a smooth arc going from where your baseline and center meet through your deflection mark on #1 and back to where your center line and #2 meet.

Step 3: Again, using your circumference ruler make a smooth arc from #2 through your deflection mark on #3 and back to where #4 and your center line meet.


Step 5: Using a circumference ruler connect your marks to make your gore pattern

Step 6: Using your patter make a patter for rights a pattern for lefts and a starter piece, adding ¾“ for your crimp to the appropriate side.

Making a Swirled Tank Head Making a Swirled Tank Head

Step 1: On #1 and #3 you are going to mark your deflection for the swirl affect. On #1 go to the right of your center line and on #3 go to the left of your center line. Your deflection amounts are going to vary, just make sure that your arcs flow smoothly. Step 2: Using a circumference ruler (bend bar) make a smooth arc going from where your baseline and center meet through your deflection mark on #1 and back to where your center line and #2 meet.

Step 3: Again, using your circumference ruler, make a smooth arc from #2 through your deflection mark on #3 and back to where #4 and your center line meet.


Step 5: Using a circumference ruler connect your marks to make your gore pattern.

Step 6: Using your pattern make a pattern for rights a pattern for lefts and a starter piece, adding ¾“ for your crimp to the appropriate side.

79

SWIRL LAYOUT HEAD GORES continued


In s t a l l in g G o r es t o a h ea d

C L

Front View Side View

Step 1: A ach a 6” ring of metal around the end of your tank body. Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of the head. Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around 3” wide to hold your center piece in place. Step 4: A ach your four 3” strips of metal to your circle using pop rivets. Step 5: Place your circle in the center of the head and wrap the 3” strips around the head and fasten them to the 6” ring on the end of the head. Step 6: On a horizontal tank you need to start with your starter piece in the center, on the bo om of the tank. Then put on the rights then the le s. Your last piece you will install will be the finish piece.

Star

ter

Fini

sh

Rights Les

Installing Gores To A HeadStep 1: Attach a 6” ring of metal around the end of your tank body.

Step 2: Cut a circle piece for the center of the head.

Step 3: Cut 4 strips of metal around 3” wide to hold your center piece in place.

Step 4: Attach your four 3” strips of metal to your circle using pop rivets.

Step 5: Place your circle in the center of the head and wrap the 3” strips around the head and fasten them to the 6” ring on the end of the head.

Step 6: On a horizontal tank you need to start with your starter piece in the center, on the bottom of the tank. Then put on the rights then the lefts. Your last piece you will install will be the finish piece.

NOTES

80

NOTES

81

NOTES

82

83

SmallPipe Diameter

Large Pipe Diameter

Wel

d to

Wel

d

Rubber Reducers

Three Measurements you’ll need

• Weld to weld on the reducer • Circumference of large insulated portion • Circumference of small insulated portion

Concentric

Step 1: Wrap a measuring strip around the Lg. portion on the reducer and mark the circumference on the strip.

Step 2: Now take your measuring strip and get the circumference of the small portion of the reducer.

Step 3: On a sheet of Rubber measure out the distance of your weld to weld, by whatever your Lg. circumference is.

Step 4: Above and below your weld to weld measurement add 1 inch.

Step 5: Break up your large circumference into 4 equal parts

Three Measurements you’ll need:Weld to weld on the reducer Circumference of large insulated portion Circumference of small insulated portion

Concentric ReducerStep 1: Wrap a measuring strip around the Lg. portion on the reducer and mark the circumference on the strip.


Step 3: On a sheet of Rubber, measure out the distance of your weld to weld, by whatever your Lg. circumference is.

Step 4: Above and below your weld to weld measurement, add 1 inch.


Step 6: Find the difference between the large and small circumference. Take that amount and divide it by 4. (i.e. Lg. circumference is 18” and the small is 15” the difference is 3”. 3 divided 4 is .75 or ¾”)

Step 7: Now that you have ¼ of the difference between the Lg. and Small circumference, go half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber.

Step 8: Take those marks straight down through your 1” area then to the center point on the ¼ mark on your rubber

Step 9: Using contact adhesive, glue your voids together and then install on your system.

SmallPipe Diameter

Large Pipe Diameter

Wel

d to

Wel

d

Rubber Reducers



Concentric






SmallPipe Diameter

Large Pipe Diameter

Wel

d to

Wel

d

Rubber Reducers



Concentric






RUBBER REDUCER (CONCENTRIC)

84

Eccentric ReducerThe only difference between the layout for concentric and eccentric reducer is with the eccentric layout you only remove the difference of large and small circumference in 3 areas on the ¼ marks.

¾” ¾” ¾” ⅜” ⅜”


Step 7: Now that you have ¼ of the difference between the Lg. and Small circumference go half that distance on each side of your ¼ marks on your rubber.


Step 9: Using contact adhesive glue your voids together and then install on your system.

Eccentric Reducer The only difference between the layout for concentric and eccentric reducer is with the eccentric layout you only remove the difference of large and small circumference in 3 areas on the ¼ marks

¾” ¾” ¾” ⅜” ⅜”






¾” ¾” ¾” ⅜” ⅜”






¾” ¾” ¾” ⅜” ⅜”






RUBBER REDUCER (ECCENTRIC)

85

Step 1: With a measuring strip, you’ll need to get three measurements:

A): Measure down, around and back up on your tee from center of weld to center of weld.

B): Measure the body of your tee from center of weld to center of weld.

C): Measure the throat of the tee from weld to weld.

Step 2: To both your A & B measurements, you’ll need to add 2x the thickness of your covering.

Step 3: To your C measurement, you’ll need to add 2”.

Measuring Strip

A Mea

surin

g St

rip

B

C

WELDS

Rubber Mono Tee

Step 1: With a measuring strip you’ll need to get three measurements.

A) Measure down around and back up on your Tee from center of weld to center of weld.

B) Measure the body of your Tee from center of weld to center of weld.

C) Measure the throat of the Tee from weld to weld.

Step 2: To both you’re A & B measurements you’ll need to add 2x the thickness of your covering.

Step 3: To your C measurement you’ll need to add 2”

Measuring Strip

A Mea

surin

g St

rip

B

C

WELDS

Rubber Mono Tee

Step 1: With a measuring strip you’ll need to get three measurements.

A) Measure down around and back up on your Tee from center of weld to center of weld.

B) Measure the body of your Tee from center of weld to center of weld.

C) Measure the throat of the Tee from weld to weld.

Step 2: To both you’re A & B measurements you’ll need to add 2x the thickness of your covering.

Step 3: To your C measurement you’ll need to add 2”

RUBBER MONO TEE

86

RUBBER MONO TEE continued

Step 4: Draw a rectangle with your new A&B measurements.

Step 5: Break the long side of your rectangle (A) into 1/3’s, and the short side (B) in ½”.

Step 6: Go in ½“ on all four corners and scribe marks.

Step 7: Draw a line through those intersecting marks.

Step 8: Going in from your corners, center your C line and then go out half your C measurement in each direction.

Step 9: Connect the ends of your C line to your 1/3” marks on your A line, and the other ends to just short of your ½ marks on your B line.

B

A

Step 4: Draw a rectangle with your new A&B measurements.

Step 5: Break the long side of your rectangle (A) into ⅓’s, and the short side (B) in ½.

Step 6: Go in a ½ “on all four corners and scribe marks.

Step 7: Draw a line through those intersecting marks.

Step 8: Going in from your corners, center your C line and then go out half your C measurement in each direction.

Step 9: Connect the ends of your C line to your 1/3 marks on you’re a line, and the other ends to just short of your ½ marks on your B line.

87

Rolled Rubber Edge

Rolled Edge End Cap

Step 1: Figure the diameter of the rubber endcap that you need and add the thickness of your insulation to it and cut that size out of your rubber. (ex. 12” endcap, ¾” rubber, set dividers to 6-3/8” scribe an circle and cut it out.)

Step 2: From the edge of your endcap, go in the thickness of your rubber and make a mark. Then, with your dividers, set in the center of your endcap, scribe an inner circle.

Step 3: On your inner scribe line, cut down ½ the thickness of your rubber and remove that channel all the way around your end cap.

Step 4: Put an even thin layer of contact adhesive throughout the whole channel.

Step 5: Let your contact adhesive setup, then roll up your edges so they are flush with the inside of your endcap.

ROLLED RUBBER EDGE

88

Step 1: Get the size of your collar piece you’ll need. (the width of your flange plus the thickness of your rubber on each side for the end caps).

Step 2: Once you have the width of the actual size of the collar you want, you’ll need to add the thickness of your rubber to it. If our finish collar is going to be 12”, and we’re using ¾” rubber we’ll cut a piece of rubber 12 ¾”.

Step 3: Now go in on each side the thickness of your rubber and scribe a line down the length of your rubber.

Step 4: On your inner scribe line, cut down ½ the thickness of your rubber and remove that channel all the way down your collar.

Step 5: Put an even thin layer of contact adhesive throughout the whole channel.

Step 6: Let your contact adhesive setup, then roll up your edges so they are flush with the inside of your collar.

ROLLED RUBBER EDGE continued

12”

89

CLR Center of weld

Pipe Diameter

Measuring strip to Find your Circumference

90 Welded Elbow Long Radius 2-Piece (Butterfly)

R1

¼ CLR

T ¼ CLR

½ Circumference R1

R2

Circumference

Measuring Strip

= T

R1 = CLR – (pipe radius + rubber thickness)

R2 = R1 + ½ Circumference

CLR Center of weld

Pipe Diameter


90 Welded Elbow Long Radius 2-Piece (Butterfly)

R1

¼ CLR

T ¼ CLR

½ Circumference R1

R2

Circumference

Measuring Strip

= T



90 WELDED ELBOW(LONG RADIUS)

Measuring strip tofind the circumference

R1 = CLR - (pipe radius + rubber thickness)

R2 = R1 + 1/2 Circumference

90

90 WELDED ELBOW(SHORT RADIUS)

CLR Center of weld

Pipe Diameter


90 Welded Elbow Short Radius 2-Piece (Butterfly)

R1

3/8 CLR

T 3/8CLR

½ Circumference R1

R2

Circumference

Measuring Strip

= T



CLR Center of weld

Pipe Diameter


90 Welded Elbow Short Radius 2-Piece (Butterfly)

R1

3/8 CLR

T 3/8CLR

½ Circumference R1

R2

Circumference

Measuring Strip

= T



Measuring strip tofind the circumference

R1 = CLR - (pipe radius + rubber thickness)

R2 = R1 + 1/2 Circumference

91

RUBBER REDUCING 90

For this layout, you’ll need following measurements:1. Lg. pipe CLR2. Lg. and sm. Pipe diameters3. Lg. and sm. Insulated circumferences4. Lg. and sm. Throat radii

The example fitting is a 12”-6” reducing 90 covered in 1/2” thick armaflex insulataion

CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90

CLR=18

Leg. pipe diameter= 12.75 or 12-3/4

Sm. pipe diameter is 6.625 or 6-5/8

Use a measure strip to the lg and sm insulated circumfrances.

The CLR is constant throughout the fitting. So to find the large and small throat radii subtract ½ of the pipe diameter from the CLR.

Small 18- 3.3125 = 14.6875 or 14 11/16“

Large 18- 6.375 = 11.625 or 11 5/8”

2 Piece Rubber Reducing 90

CLR

The example fitting is a 12”-6” reducing 90 covered in ½” thick armalfex insulation CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90

CLR= 18

Lg. pipe diameter= 12.75 or 12 ¾”

Sm. pipe diameter= 6.625 or 6 5/8”

Use a measuring strip to the lg. and sm. insulated circumferences.

Large

Pipe DiameterSmall

Pipe Diameter

For this layout, you’ll need following measurements.

1. Lg. pipe CLR 2. Lg. and sm. Pipe diameters 3. Lg. and sm. Insulated circumferences 4. Lg. and sm. Throat radii

CLR

Lg. circ. = 41 ½” sm. circ.= 22 ¾” The CLR is constant throughout the fitting. So to find the large and small throat radii subtract ½

of the pipe diameter from the CLR. Small 18- 3.3125 = 14.6875 or 14 11/16 “ Large 18- 6.375 = 11.625 or 11 5/8”

CLR

The example fitting is a 12”-6” reducing 90 covered in ½” thick armalfex insulation CLR is based on the Lg. pipe size for a Long Radius 90

CLR= 18

Lg. pipe diameter= 12.75 or 12 ¾”

Sm. pipe diameter= 6.625 or 6 5/8”

Use a measuring strip to the lg. and sm. insulated circumferences.

Large

Pipe DiameterSmall

Pipe Diameter

For this layout, you’ll need following measurements.

1. Lg. pipe CLR 2. Lg. and sm. Pipe diameters 3. Lg. and sm. Insulated circumferences 4. Lg. and sm. Throat radii

CLR

Lg. circ. = 41 ½” sm. circ.= 22 ¾” The CLR is constant throughout the fitting. So to find the large and small throat radii subtract ½

of the pipe diameter from the CLR. Small 18- 3.3125 = 14.6875 or 14 11/16 “ Large 18- 6.375 = 11.625 or 11 5/8”

92

Step 1. Draw a right angle

Step 2. Measure up the vertical line from the apex and mark the small throat radius. Measure up from this point ½ the small circ. and make a mark.

Step 3. Draw a 11 ¼° line out from your apex.

Special note: 12” of run and 2 15/16” of rise will form a 11 ¼° angle

Step 4. Measure out from your apex along the 11 ¼° line and mark your large throat radius. Measure from this point out ½ the large circ. and make a mark.

Step 5. Extend your horizontal and vertical baselines down and out from your apex. These baselines will serve as X and Y axes. The 11 ¼° line will also serve as the x axes.

Step 6. Using the throat radii to set your height and width draw an ellipse between these points.

Step 7. Using the ½ circ. marks to set your height and width draw an ellipse between these points.

Step 8. Add the thickness of the insulation to both ends of the fitting.

Step 9. Cut out template, flip and trace to make a mirror image glue and install.

X

Y

Y

X

Step 1: Draw a right angle

Step 2: Measure up the vertical line from the apex and mark the small throat radius. Measure up from this point ½ the small circ. and make a mark.

Step 3: Draw a 11 ¼° line out from your apex. Special note: 12” of run and 2 15/16” of rise will form a 11 ¼° angle

Step 4: Measure out from your apex along the 11 ¼° line and mark your large throat radius. Measure from this point out ½ the large circ. and make a mark.

Step 5: Extend your horizontal and vertical baselines down and out from your apex. These baselines will serve as X and Y axes. The 11 ¼° line will also serve as the x axes.

Step 6: Using the throat radii to set your height and width, draw an ellipse between these points.

Step 7: Using the ½ circ. marks to set your height and width, draw an ellipse between these points.

Step 8: Add the thickness of the insulation to both ends of the fitting.

Step 9: Cut out template, flip and trace to make a mirror image glue and install.

RUBBER REDUCING 90 continued

Step 1. Draw a right angle

Step 2. Measure up the vertical line from the apex and mark the small throat radius. Measure up from this point ½ the small circ. and make a mark.

Step 3. Draw a 11 ¼° line out from your apex.

Special note: 12” of run and 2 15/16” of rise will form a 11 ¼° angle

Step 4. Measure out from your apex along the 11 ¼° line and mark your large throat radius. Measure from this point out ½ the large circ. and make a mark.

Step 5. Extend your horizontal and vertical baselines down and out from your apex. These baselines will serve as X and Y axes. The 11 ¼° line will also serve as the x axes.

Step 6. Using the throat radii to set your height and width draw an ellipse between these points.

Step 7. Using the ½ circ. marks to set your height and width draw an ellipse between these points.

Step 8. Add the thickness of the insulation to both ends of the fitting.

Step 9. Cut out template, flip and trace to make a mirror image glue and install.

X

Y

Y

X

NOTES

93

NOTES

94

95

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Insulation Industry International Apprentice and Training Fund

would like to thank the following for contributing to this book.

Bob McGuckin, Local 17 Training Coordinator

Shawn Craven, Local 17 Instructor

Ben Frank, Local 17 Instructor

ENERGY CONSE RVATION SPECIALISTS

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