India’s Human Capital

8/8/2019 India’s Human Capital

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indias-human-capital 1/30





Demographics of India

Demographics of India

Population 1.15 billion (2010 )

Growth rate 1.41% (2010)

Birth rate 22.22 birth/1000 population (2009 )

Death rate 6.4 death/1000 population (2009 )

Life expectancy 69.89 years (2009 )

Male 67.46 years (2009 )

Female 72.61 years (2009 )

Fertility rate 2.72 children born/women (2009)





INDIA¶S POPULATION - AN ASSET

y Y oung population.



Population Growth Rate



EFFECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON ECONOMICGROWTH

The population has always been seen as a burden on thealready limited resources of the country.

India¶s economy, no doubt, is achieving positive balance of

results from their population .

India¶s Human Capital is the largest factor in the economicdevelopment of the country.

India¶s Gross Domestic Product has increased at a steady rate.

Increase of output and wealth.



POPULATION FACTORS- ECONOMICGROWTH

Rising population has created large labor force India was able to spend money on education

and to generate a high employment

Increase productivity Increase goods and service Increase in supply and increase in GDP India is ranked one of the top producers in

agriculture. "If it weren¶t for its high populations India

would still be a suffering developing nation´.



DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND

Country with a large and expanding young workforce and relatively few people of dependentage (under 15 or over 64)

Enables significant gains in productivity, savingsand capital inflows.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimatesthat the demographic dividend can increase acountry¶s GDP growth.



INDIA¶S DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND

y Indira¶s government in 1977 discouraged any

attempts to control population.

y This led to a demographic dividend, giving rise to a

large bubble of young age people (working).y The theory that excess population is bad for the

economy is dismissed by its critics on the grounds that

every mouth to be fed comes

with two hands that can be put to work.



A view has gained ground that what matters is not

the size of the population, but its age structure. A population "bulge" in the working age groups,

however large the total population, is an expectedadvantage.

India is beginning to be characterized by such a bulge is seen as advantaged surpassing China

The demographic dividend in India is expected, toresolve the problem of earning more surplus overconsumption.



Average of age of population by 2020

Country

Age group of

population by 2020

India 29

Japan 48

China 37

U S 37

Western Europe 45



y India is indeed in the midst of a process where it

faces the window of opportunity created by thedemographic dividend.

y The total dependency ratio has begun to fall.

y India had begun to reap the demographic

dividend.y Demographic dividend argument ignores the fact

that available workers are not automatically absorbed to deliver high growth.





BRAIN DRAIN

y Taking education in a country but earning foranother is known as brain drain.

y harmful factor for a country like India.

y Causes of brain drain:

Unemployment Problem.

Students want to work with a new technology.

Less pay package in India as compared to foreign

countries. Higher standard of living in foreign countries.



Advantages

Encourage others to take education.

Alleviating poverty from Indian homes.

Opportunities to learn latest technologies.

Expertise services in India.

Disadvantages Investment in higher education is lost.

Loss of social capital due to individuals departure.

Shortage of skilled and competent people in India.

Loss to the development in India.



POTENTIAL OF INDIA¶S POPULATION

y The human variety

V ariety of experts in different fields.

y Reversing the brain drain Discovered the capabilities of Indian experts.

Evolution of India-based R&D centers.

Indians are innovative e.g. µµTATA NANO¶¶



Fostering Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship only used to be an option for theprivileged.

Entrepreneurial activity has now expanded beyond ITand BPO industry.

leading business schools offer courses inentrepreneurship.

The goal of Indian Government should be to replicate thesuccess it has enjoyed in IT and BPO, in other industries.



CONCLUSIONS OF RESEARCH ± EFFECTS ON

ENVIRONMENT

INDIA IS THE WORLD 'S SIXTH LARGEST AND

SECOND FASTEST GROWING PRODUCER OF

GREENHOUSE GASES

LOW LEVELS OF PER CAPITA INCOME

INITIATIVE BY GOVERNMENT TO CURB

POPULATION EXPLOSION

Pessimistic outlook of the

population



Trade Union In India:

y Trade Union in India is the primary instrument forpromoting the union of trade union movement andchampioning the cause of working class in India.

y The Indian government passed the Trade Unions Act in 1926.



Significance of Trade Union in India:

y Engaged in protesting against the attacks ontrade union right

y The All India Trade Union Congress(AITUC) is the oldest Trade Union



Central Trade Union Organizations inIndia

1. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)2. Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)3. Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)4. Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMK P)5. Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)6. Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU)7. Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)8. National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)9. National Labor Organization (NLO)

10. Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)11. United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) and12.United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani(UTUC ± LS)



Example of significance of trade union in India

y A Strike called by the All India Trade UnionCongress on the 7th September in Goa

y The reason is to protested the injustices done to

ordinary citizens and also to workers.y Intended to force the government to roll back the

price rise.

y The strike also demanded a stop in the system of

contract labour employment.



DEVELOPING HUMAN CAPITALFOR DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND

yChallenges

y Additional 110 million workers will join the country¶s workforce by 2020

yOnly 10 % growth in national GDP



Predictions for 2050

country %age of people above 60 yrs of age

US 39

Germany 53

Japan 67

India 19



Educational opportunities

y Significance of literacy

y Problems with education sector

y Steps taken by government to improve literacy

rate.Free education programs

Setting up of new school and colleges

Several committees have been formed



%

Avg. 65.38

Male 75.96

female 54.28

Kerala 90.86

Bihar 46

Literacy rate of India



Employment Opportunities:

y India ranks 83rd in terms of labor marketefficiency among a sample of 133 countries

y IT and BPO companies must expand to smallercities within India

y Have to develop additional geographic capacity

y India will require another round of investment in

developing roads, power grids, telecomconnectivity.



Conclusion

Each one of us is part of India¶s future, and it is up toall of us to collectively harness the untappedpotential of millions of Indians to make a positive

impact on our own lives on our country, and on the world as a whole.



M E L I S S A V A Z

P R A J O T M O R A J K A R V I R A J S A W A N TR O G E R F E R R A O

K I R T I P E D N E K A R

THANK Y OU

Documents

India’s Human Capital