Indicators based on patents Science and Technology Indicators for EULARINET Analysis of patent collaborations between Latin American and European countries

Indicators based on patents

Science and Technology Indicators for EULARINET

Analysis of patent collaborations between LatinAmerican and European countries

Armando Albert, Luis M. Plaza, Begoña Granadino & Esther García-Carpintero

Instituto de Estudios Documentales sobre Ciencia y Tecnología (IEDCYT)Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

ILN, INCO-NET COORDINATORS INDICATORS WORKSHOP 2009 Madrid, October 8th & 9th

• Objective

To obtain a set of patent indicators in order to determine the technological performance of Latin-American countries and their collaborations with European countries along the period 2002-2006. The study considers both issued and patent applications.


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• Methodology

– Sources of data: United States Patents and Trademark Office (USPTO) and European Patent Office (EPO) databases.

– Patents of Latin-American countries have been obtained by a search strategy which includes the corresponding codes of the countries in Inventor Country Name (ICN) field and the publication years (2002-2006). Assignee Country Name (ACN) has also been considered.

– International Patent Classification (IPC) has been used for subject analysis.

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• Main indicators:

– Number of patents (issued & applications) by LA country on a yearly basis.

– Annual evolution of the number of patent documents by LA country.

– Percentage of LA patents compared to the world output by year.

– Technological specialization profile of the LA countries according to IPC as percentage distribution of patents.

– Visibility of LA-EU collaborative patents as cites per patent.

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5

USPTO patents EPO patentsCountry ICN Patents ACN Patent ICN Patents CAN PatentAustria 3467 1535 7005 4261Belgium 4743 2215 7419 4806Bulgaria 53 19 103 49Cyprus 20 68 52 116

Czech Repub. 278 53 564 281Denmark 3124 2184 4633 3477Estonia 26 6 47 19Finland 4870 5364 5963 5770France 21889 17018 38420 28104

Germany 60750 51006 106215 74870Greece 164 37 430 240

Hungary 342 126 676 279Ireland 1163 606 1240 1096

Italy 10433 6844 20896 14086Latvia 18 3 61 22

Lithuania 55 4 53 12Luxembourg 402 366 582 651

Malta 9 21 33 47The Netherlands 9116 11194 17089 18454

Norway 1541 991 1827 1241Poland 262 36 573 327

Portugal 111 39 305 204Romania 66 0 104 40Slovakia 60 11 160 44Slovenia 3 55 380 239

Spain 2172 937 5194 3192Sweden 8086 7504 9923 8721

UK 23857 11534 27027 16307Totals 157080 119776 256974 186955



USPTO patents (Issued patents)

EPO patents (Issued and Application patents)

Country ICN Patents ACN Patents ICN Patents ACN PatentsArgentina 311 59 239 115

Belize 0 0 0 0

Bolivia 5 0 6 1

Brasil 861 424 1021 533

Chile 167 95 105 49

Colombia 41 12 35 23

Costa Rica 38 5 18 5

Dominican Rep. 12 0 8 2

Ecuador 26 2 9 4

El Salvador 7 3 16 0

Guatemala 22 5 2 0

Honduras 4 0 1 0

Mexico 783 407 341 170

Nicaragua 0 0 2 0

Panamá 9 26 14 39

Paraguay 0 0 2 1

Peru 20 4 9 1

Uruguay 13 3 38 20

Venezuela 167 55 37 13

Total 2486 1100 1903 976

• Results– Technological output of LA Countries

ICN= INVENTOR COUNTRY NAME ACN= ASSIGNEE COUNTRY NAME 6

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Indicators based on patents– Number of patent in Collaboration between Latin-American and European

countries and percentage respect of domestic patents

USPTO patents (Issued) EPO patents (Issued and Applications)

Country ICN Patents (%) ACN Patents (%) ICN Patents (%) ACN Patents (%)Argentina 26 (4.6) 28 (4.9) 20 (8.3) 5 (2.1)Bolivia 4 (80) 3 (-) 1 (16.6) 1 (100)Brazil 5 (0.7) 16 (2.4) 26(2.5) 37 (3.6)Chile 10 (8.1) 11 (32.3) 9 (5.6) 12 (25)Colombia 2 (4.9) 2 (13.3) 3 (8.6) 3 (13.6)Costa Rica 2 (4.8) 1 (2.4) 4 (22.2) 3 (7.3)Dominican Rep. - - 1 (12.5) -Ecuador 2 (7.7) 3 (150) 3 (33.3) 1 (33.3)El Salvador - - 11 (68.7) 9 (56.2)Guatemala - - - -México 59 (7.5) 30 (3.8) 20 (5.1) 5 (1.3)Nicaragua - - - -Panamá - 1 (11.1) 1 (7.1) -Paraguay - - 1 (50) 1 (50)Peru 0 0 3 (33.3) 3 (100)Uruguay - - 11 (28.9) 9 (23.7)Venezuela 9 (5.4) 8 (12.3) 7 (18.9) 1 (14.3)Total of Latin American Countries 119 (4.7) 103 (8.5) 112 (5.6) 83 (9.2)

ICN= INVENTOR COUNTRY NAME ACN= ASSIGNEE COUNTRY NAME

• Results

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Indicators based on patents• Results

European countries with ICN patents in collaboration with LA Countries

Germany30%

France16%

The Netherlands15%

UK9%

Italia8%

Sweden7%

Spain4%

Belgium3%

Lithuania2%

Finland2%

Others4%

191 Patents in collaboration (European inventors + LA inventors)

Indicators based on patents• Results

– Percentage of Technological Output of LA Countries

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4389 EPO & USPTO patent documents issued and applications patents

Brazil37.4%

Mexico26%

Argentina17.8%

Chile6.2%

Uruguay1.1%

Venezuela4.5%

Colombia1.7%

Peru0.6%

Bolivia0.2% Other

4.3%


Percentage of Technological output in USPTO Database (ICN patents)

Percentage of Technological output in EPO Database (ICN patents)

US56,4%Japan

19,9%

European Countries

16,9%

Others4,2%

Canada2,3%

Latin-American Countries

0,3%

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European Countries

42,9%

US28,3%

Japan17,6%

Others9,0%

Canada2,0%

Latin-American Countries

0,3%


Preparations for medical, dental

or toitel purpose13%

Earth or Rock Drilling

12%

Production or Refining of

Metals10%

Filters implantable into

Blood Vessels, Protheses, etc.

9%

Craking Hydrocarbon oils

9%

Electrical digital data processing

7%

Material for miscellaneous

applicat6%

Diagnosis; Surgery;

Identification5%

Others29%

• Results– Percentage of Technological specialization for Latin-American Countries

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CountryNo. ICN Patents

No. patents EU-LA

Cites per patent

Cites per EU-LA patents

Cites EU-LA Patents/ Total cites

patents LAArgentina 311 78 1,8 0,5 0,3

Bolivia 5 0 0,0 0,0 0,0

Brazil 861 2 9,4 0,0 1,0Chile 167 16 0,9 0,9 0,8

Colombia 41 30 0,6 0,5 0,0

Costa Rica 38 4 0,0 0,0 4,3Dominican Rep. 12 3 1,1 4,7 0,0

Ecuador 26 0 2,7 0,0 1,5

El Salvador 7 6 1,7 2,5 0,0Guatemala 22 0 3,7 0,0 0,0

Honduras 4 0 1,9 0,0 0,0

Mexico 783 85 1,5 2,4 1,6Panama 9 0 1,0 0,0 0,0

Peru 20 0 0,0 0,0 0,0Uruguay 13 1 3,4 0,0 0,0

Venezuela 167 0 0,0 0,0 0,5

• Results– Technological Impact of other Latin-American countries

12Source of data: USPTO database


• Concluding Remarks

- Strong dissymmetry in patenting.- Few LA-EU collaborative patents.- The Latin American countries with major number of patents -as

inventors- are Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, representing 81% of total LA patents.

- Germany, France and United Kingdom are the European countries with higher number of patents in collaboration with LA countries.

- Patents of Latin American countries in collaboration with European countries are mainly related to Medical preparations (IPC code A61K).

- Dominican Rep. and Mexico are the countries with major impact of patents in collaboration with European countries.

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• Conclusions

Bibliometric and patent indicators evidence an important gap between scientific and technological production, in terms of collaboration between Latin-American and European countries during the period analyzed.

Indicators shows that there is a strong base for the establishment of bonds in technological production between Latin-American and European countries. For this objective is necessary to design new policies for strengthening the technological cooperation between both regions.

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• Some suggestions…

To understand the key determinants of LA-EU cooperation in science & technology, is essential to contextualize indicators.

In order to select future partners, an in deep analysis of scientific and technological capabilities and opportunities should be done.

… to design new policies for strengthening the scientific and technological cooperation between both regions.

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European patents with inventors from Argentina (USPTO and EPO databases).

Country USPTO EPOTotal

Patents Assignee Inventors PCICode

Total Patents Assignee Inventors PCI Code

France 10 5 9 A61K 0 0 0 -Germany 4 4 0 A61M 3 3 2 A61BItaly 12 3 10 F16L 17 17 3 A47LSpain 5 3 2 C07C 0 0 0 -The Netherlands 8 8 1 A61K 0 0 0 -UK 8 3 6 A01N 0 0 0Total 47 26 28 - 20 20 5 -

Argentina36%

US28%

UK8%

Nether.4%

Spain3%

Germany3%

Switzer.2%

Netherl.2%

France2%

Others12%

Assignee countries in patents with inventors of Argentina

Argentina76%

US6%

Italy4%

Brazil2%

UK2%

France2%

Switz.1%

Germany1%

Spain1%

Nether.1%

Others4%

Inventors countries in patents with inventors of Argentina

ARGENTINA (550 ICN patents in USPTO and EPO database)

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Country USPTO EPO

TotalPatents Assignee Inventors PCI

CodeTotal

Patents Assignee Inventors PCI Code

Belgium 1 0 1 2 2 2 H04LDenmark 0 0 0 - 2 0 2France 3 0 3 A61K 7 3 7Germany 0 0 0 - 15 11 13 H04LItaly 1 0 1 7 3 7Spain 1 0 1 A61BSweden 0 0 0 - 3 1 3The Netherlands 4 4 3 B01J (2) 5 5 2UK 8 1 7 C08F 2 1 1Total 18 5 16 43 26 37

European patents with inventors patents from Brazil (USPTO and EPO databases)

Brazil(1882 ICN patents in USPTO and EPO database)

Brazil50%

Undefinided25%

US12%

Germany 5%

France 2%Italy1%

Switzer.1% UK 1%Nether.1%

Others 2%

Assignee country in patents with inventors of Brazil

Brazil78%

US9%

Germany 3%

Undefinided2%

France 2%

Nether. 2%

Italy 1%UK 1%

Belgium 1%Others 2%

Inventors country in patents with inventors of Brazil

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Austria 2 1 2 A23LDenmark 1 1 0Finland 2 2 2 B01D 1 1 1 B01DFrance 1 0 1 A61B 0 0 0 -Germany 8 8 0 C22B 9 8 9 C22BIreland 1 0 1 B01D 1 0 1 B01DItalia 1 0 1 A61B 0 0 0 -Romania 3 0 3 E21B 0 0 0 -Spain 1 0 1 A61K 0 0 0 -Sweden 1 1 1 A61KThe Netherlands 1 1 1 C08GUK 2 0 2 B01D/A61K 1 0 1 B01D/A61KTotal 19 10 11 12 9 12

Chile87%

Austria1%

Belgium 1%

Denmark1%

Finland1%

Germany8%

Assingee Countries of Patents with inventors of Chile

Chile80%

US7%

Germany4%

UK1%

Brazil1%

Romania1%

Spain1%

Australia1% Others

4%

Inventors Countries of Patents with Inventors of Chile

Chile(228 ICN patents in USPTO and EPO database)

European patents with inventors patents from Chile (USPTO and EPO databases)

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Austria 1 0 1 F16L 0 0 0Belgium 2 1 2 B65D 3 3 2 A61BDenmark 3 2 3 C12N 17 17 3 A47LFrance 20 16 7 G01C 0 0 0 -Germany 14 14 0 A01N 0 0 0 -Italy 1 0 1 A61K 0 0 0 -Spain 3 0 3 C12P 0 0 0 -Sweden 19 19 5 H04Q 0 0 0 -The Netherlands 3 3 1 C07C 0 0 0 -UK 9 4 7 G01D 0 0 0 -Total 75 59 30 - 20 20 5

US45%

Mexico28%

None12%

Switzl.4%

Germany2%

France2%

Sweden2%

Nether.1%

Otros4%

Assignee Countries of patents withinventors of Mexico

Mexico(1124 ICN patents in USPTO and EPO database)


Mexico66%

US18%

None10%

Germany1%

France1%

UK1%

Canada1%

Spain1%

Otros2%

Inventors Countries of patents with inventors of Mexico

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Country USPTO EPO

TotalPatents Assignee Inventors PCI

CodeTotal

Patents Assignee Inventors PCI Code

Belgium 0 0 0 - 1 1 0 C09KFinland 1 1 0 H04BFrance 3 3 3 C12N 4 3 1 C09KItaly 3 3 3 C12BSpain 1 1 0 C07CSweden 1 1 0 H03MThe Netherlands 12 0 1 G06K 3 3 0 C09KUK 1 0 1 G06FTotal 22 9 8 8 7 1

Venezuela35%

US35%

None16%

The Netherlands

7%

France2%

Italy2%

Switz.2%

Canada1%

Assignee Countries of patents withinventors of Venezuela

Venezuela66%

US18%

None8%

France2%

Switz1%

Canada1%

Italy1%

Spain1%

Korea1%

Inventors Countries of patents withinventors of Venezuela

Venezuela(1124 ICN patents in USPTO and EPO database)


Documents

Indicators based on patents Science and Technology Indicators for EULARINET Analysis of patent collaborations between Latin American and European countries