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Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2015: Briefing Report
1. Introduction
This briefing aims to provide officers with background information and awareness of the 2015
update of the Indices of Deprivation (IMD). The indices are an important dataset from
Communities and Local Government (CLG) that provide a nationally consistent, relative measure
of deprivation at both Local Authority and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level.
The Indices of Multiple Deprivation are made up of both district and Lower Super Output Areas
(LSOA) level measures. The 2015, 2010, 2007 and 2004 IMDs are based on LSOAs, unlike the IMD
2000, which was ward based. Each LSOA has been given a deprivation score and rank across seven
different domains that aim to capture different aspects of deprivation in people’s lives. District
level deprivation is determined by combining results of the LSOAs across the borough.
2. Understanding & Interpreting Change
As with any dataset it is very important to fully understand the nature of the underlying data prior
to drawing conclusions for Bolton and more local areas. The CLG has stated that:
“…keeping a consistent methodology allows some comparisons to be made
over time between the Indices of Deprivation 2015 and previous versions, but
only in terms of comparing the rankings as determined at the relevant time
point by each of the versions. The versions of the indices should not be
construed as a time-series”. Source: The English Indices of Deprivation 2015, CLG 2015.
This means several points have to be borne in mind.
• The data used in the IMD 2015 refers to, where possible, 2012/23. This means that more
recent policy interventions or changes in the economic climate may not be reflected in this
update.
• The dataset relates to relative and not absolute change in deprivation levels, meaning that it
is vital that changes in rank positions should be seen and interpreted in that light.
Consequently it is suggested that the Indices of Multiple Deprivation can be used for the following:
• Compare different areas
The IMD 2015 collects the same indicators and combines them in the same way for every Lower
layer Super Output Area in England. This means you can directly compare the ranks of different
areas. If an area has a higher rank (closer to 1) than another area it is relatively more deprived.
• Identify the most deprived areas in England
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By using cut points of the ranks you can identify the group of Lower Super Output Areas that are
amongst the most deprived in England. Some common cut-off points that have been used are the
5%, 10% and 20% most deprived.
• Look at differences between the domains of deprivation
Using the domain scores and ranks you can compare which issues are the biggest concerns for
different areas.
The IMD 2015 should NOT be used for the following purposes:
• To show how deprived a place is
The IMD 2015 is a relative measure of deprivation. This means it can tell you if one area is more
deprived than another but not by how much. For example if an area has a rank of 100 it is not
necessarily half as deprived as a place with a rank of 50.
• To measure absolute change over time
Actual deprivation scores cannot be compared between 2015 and 2010, 2007 or 2004 because an
area’s score is affected by the scores of every other area; so it is impossible to tell whether a
change in score is a real change in the deprivation level of an area, or whether it is due to the
scores of other areas going up or down.
• To identify deprived people
The IMD 2015 measures the relative level of deprivation in an area. Within every area there will be
individuals who are deprived and individuals who are not. The IMD 2015 is not a suitable tool for
targeting individuals within certain areas.
3. District Level Deprivation
Six district level summary measures of the 2015 IMD (based on the SOA scores and ranks for each district) have also been produced. CLG has stated that “No single summary measure is favoured over another: there is no single best way of describing or comparing England’s local authority districts”.
The six summary measures can be described as follows:
• Average rank: the population weighted average of the combined ranks for the LSOAs in a district.
• Average score: the population weighted average of the combined scores for the LSOAs in a district.
• Extent: the proportion of a district’s population living in the most deprived LSOAs in the country.
• Local Concentration: population weighted average of the ranks of a larger area’s most deprived LSOAs
that contain exactly 10% of the borough’s population
• LSOAs in most deprived 10% nationally: The proportion of the boroughs LSOAs that fall in the most
deprived 10% of LSOAs nationally.
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Bolton IMD District Level Rankings 2015, 2010, 2007 & 2004
Ranks for each summary measure (where 1/1% is the most deprived) 1
Source: CLG 2015
Greater Manchester IMD District Level Rankings 2015
Ranks for each summary measure (out of 326 districts where 1 is the most deprived)
Source: CLG 2015.
These findings show that Bolton has become relatively less deprived in all six summary measures
since the IMD 2010. Bolton now falls within the 20%-11% most deprived local authorities in
England in all measures of multiple deprivation.
1 It is worth noting that when comparing the IMD 2015 & 2010 district level measures to 2004 & 2007 that the total
number of Local Authority districts has changed since then. In 2004 & 2007 districts were ranked out of 354, in 2010
they were ranked out of 326. For these reasons it is probably better to compare percentage rankings rather than
absolute figures over time, in order to get a more accurate understanding of change.
IMD 2015 IMD 2010 IMD 2007 IMD 2004 10-15 Change
Average Rank 64 48 65 64 k
Average Score 51 36 51 50 k
Extent 35 31 42 46 k
Local Concentration 44 18 24 36 k
LSOAs in most deprived 10%
nationally40 33 39 36 k
Proportion of LSOAs in most
deprived 10% nationally20% 22% 22% 22% k
IMD 2015 IMD 2010 IMD 2007 IMD 2004 10-15 Change
Average Rank 20% 15% 18% 18% k
Average Score 16% 11% 14% 14% k
Extent 11% 10% 12% 13% k
Local Concentration 13% 6% 7% 10% k
LSOAs in most deprived 10%
nationally12% 10% 11% 10% k
Average Rank Average Score ExtentLocal
Concentration
LSOAs in most
deprived 10%
nationally
Proportion of
LSOAs in most
deprived 10%
nationally
Manchester 1 5 1 11 5 41%
Rochdale 25 16 21 19 17 28%
Salford 27 22 22 16 16 29%
Tameside 34 41 40 53 50 17%
Oldham 51 34 29 28 27 23%
Bolton 64 51 35 44 40 20%
Wigan 107 85 68 57 66 14%
Bury 132 122 108 91 87 10%
Stockport 178 150 136 79 93 9%
Trafford 222 201 161 145 155 3%
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The most significant change appears to be the improvement in Local Concentration ranking from
no.18 in 2010 (or 6%) to no.44 in 2015 (13%). This means that relatively less people in Bolton are
living in deprived areas than in 2010.
The Average Rank and Average Score rankings have also improved from no.48 and no.36 in 2010
no. 64 and 51 in 2015 respectively. This means that overall Bolton now has relatively less deprived
LSOAs than in previous measures. Bolton’s Extent ranking has also improved since 2010, however
it is not yet back to the level it was in 2004.
The CLG have also included a new measure for the 2015 IMD borough rankings; proportion of
LSOAs in the most deprived 10% nationally. In 2015 20% of Bolton’s 175 LSOA’s were in the 10%
most deprived nationally (equivalent to 35 LSOAs). This is an improvement from 2010 when 22%,
or 39 LSOAs were in the 10% most deprived in the country.
In terms of Greater Manchester Deprivation Bolton is roughly 5th-6th out of the 10 GM boroughs
for overall deprivation measures. Manchester ranges from 1-11 in the district level summary
measures, with 41% of its LSOAs in the most deprived 10% nationally. Conversely Trafford ranges
from 145-222, with just 3% of their LSOAs in the most deprived 10%.
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4. Neighbourhood Level Deprivation
The IMD 2015 is made up of seven LSOA level domain indices. The seven domains are:
• Income deprivation
• Employment deprivation
• Health deprivation and disability
• Education, skills and training deprivation
• Barriers to Housing and Services
• Living environment deprivation
• Crime
Each of these domains is made up of a number of indicators that reflect different dimensions of
deprivation. Every LSOA is given a score for each of these domains. This score is then ranked out of
the 32,844 LSOAs in England, (a rank of 1 being the most deprived and 32,844 being the least).
These seven domain indices are then combined into a single overall deprivation score and rank for
each LSOA. There are 177 LSOAs in Bolton, (an increase of +2 since 2010).
4.1. Index of Multiple Deprivation
The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 is based on 37 separate indicators, organised across seven
distinct domains of deprivation which are combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the
Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 (IMD 2015). This is an overall measure of deprivation
experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for every Lower layer Super Output Area
(LSOA), or neighbourhood, in England. Every such neighbourhood in England is ranked according
to its level of deprivation relative to that of other areas.
The map below shows the current pattern of multiple deprivation across Bolton according to the
IMD 2015. The most deprived areas in Bolton can be found in Halliwell, Crompton, Rumworth,
Tonge with the Haulgh, Breightmet and Farnworth wards, with small pockets found in
Westhoughton, Horwich, Smithills and Astley Bridge. This is much the same pattern that can be
found in previous indices.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD was ‘E01004823’ which is located in Halliwell
ward, just north of the town centre. This was ranked 201st (out of 32,844) in terms of overall
deprivation, meaning it was within the 1% (0.6%) most deprived places in England & Wales.
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4.2 Income Deprivation
The purpose of this domain is to capture the proportion of the population in a given area that
experiences income deprivation. This has been achieved by looking at the proportions of the
population reliant on a variety of as a proxy measure.
The definition of low income used includes both those people that are out-of-work, and those that
are in work but who have low earnings (and who satisfy the respective means tests).
A combined count of income deprived individuals per Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) is
calculated by summing the following five indicators:
• Adults and children in Income Support families
• Adults and children in income-based Jobseeker’s Allowance families
• Adults and children in income-based Employment Support Allowance families
• Adults and children in Pension Credit (Guarantee) families
• Adults and children in Working Tax Credit or Child Tax Credit families (who are not claiming
Income Support, income-based Jobseeker’s Allowance, income-based Employment Support
Allowance or Pension Credit) whose equalised income (excluding housing benefits) is below 60%
of the median before housing costs
• Asylum seekers in England in receipt of subsistence support, accommodation support, or both.
In addition an Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index and an Income Deprivation Affecting
Older People Index were created, respectively representing the proportion of children aged 0-15,
and people aged 60 and over, living in income deprived households.
Unlike other domains, in the case of the Income and Employment deprivation domains and the
supplementary children and older people indices, the scores themselves are meaningful and relate
to a proportion of the relevant population experiencing that type of deprivation. So, for example, if
an LSOA has a score of 0.38 in the Income Deprivation Domain, this means that 38% of the
population is income deprived in that area. To that effect there are also maps that show scores as
well as ranks in both the income & employment domains in these sections.
The map below shows the pattern of income deprivation across Bolton according to the IMD 2015.
The pattern of income deprivation very closely follows the general deprivation pattern as shown in
section 4.1 above. The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Income Domain was
‘E01004823’ which is located in Halliwell ward, just north of the town centre. This was ranked 171st
(out of 32,844) in terms of income deprivation, meaning it was within the 0.5% most income-
deprived places in England & Wales.
The second map shows the pattern of income deprivation in terms of scores, not ranks - this
demonstrates a more thorough spread across the borough of income deprivation. For instance the
most deprived LSOA in Bolton for income (‘E01004823’ – as previously mentioned) had almost half
(48%) of its total population suffering from income deprivation in 2015.
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4.2.1 Income Deprivation Affecting Children
The Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) is one of two supplementary indices of the
income domain. It uses the same data sources described previously, but measures the proportion of
all children aged 0 to 15 living in income deprived families.
The map below shows the pattern of income deprivation affecting children in Bolton. The pattern on
IDACI appears to differ from overall income deprivation, in that there are significantly less LSOAs
that are within the 20% most deprived category. For instance the 2015 IDACI in Bolton had 39 of its
177 LSOAs with the 20% most deprived, whereas income deprivation as a whole had 59.
Furthermore the pattern of IDACI in Bolton is slightly different from the income deprivation domain.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IDACI was ‘E01004794’, which is located on the
boundary between Bradshaw & Breightmet. This was ranked 450th (out of 32,488) for IDACI,
meaning it is within the 1.4% most deprived areas in the country for the IDACI. There were also
areas of high income deprivation affecting children in Farnworth, Crompton, Tonge with the Haulgh
and Smithills.
The second map shows the pattern of income deprivation affecting children in terms of scores, not
ranks. This shows a more thorough spread across the borough of the IDACI. For instance the most
deprived LSOA in Bolton for the IDACI (‘E01004794’) had over half (54%) of children living in
households that were income deprived.
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4.2.2 Income Deprivation Affecting Older People
The Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) is the second supplementary indices
of the income domain. It uses the same data sources described previously, but focuses on older
people aged 60 and over who experience income deprivation.
The map below shows the pattern of income deprivation affecting older people in Bolton. This is
significantly different than both the income domain and the IDACI in that it appears that there is a
much higher proportion of income deprived older people in Bolton than in either of the previous
two categories. For instance 65 of Bolton’s 177 LSOAs were in the 20% most deprived for the
IDAOPI, compared to 59 in the income deprivation domain and 39 in the IDACI.
In addition to this the LSOAs in the 20% most deprived category had significantly higher deprivation
rankings than in the previous categories. For instance the most deprived LSOA for the IDAOPI in
Bolton, ‘E01004852’, was ranked 2nd (out of 32,488) for the IDAOPI, meaning it was within the 0.01%
most deprived areas in the whole country for income deprivation affecting older people. (Out of all
the domains in the IMD this is the category that is the most deprived overall). E01004852 is located
in Great Lever ward, on the boundary with Rumworth. Furthermore most of Halliwell, Crompton &
Great Lever wards were also in the 3% most deprived IDAOPI in the country, in contrast with the
income domain and IDACI.
The second map shows the pattern of income deprivation affecting older people in terms of scores,
not ranks. This shows a more thorough spread across the borough of the IDACI. For instance the
most deprived LSOA in Bolton for the IDACI (‘E01004852’) had over 9/10s (91%) of people aged 60
and over experiencing income deprivation in 2015.
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4.3 Employment Deprivation
4.2 Income Deprivation
This domain measures employment deprivation as’ involuntary exclusion of the working age
population from the labour market’. This has been done by looking at the proportions of the
population reliant on employment-related benefits as a proxy measure.
A combined count of employment deprivation per LSOA is calculated by summing the following
indicators:
• Claimants of Jobseeker’s Allowance (both contribution-based and income based), women aged
18-59 and men aged 18-64
• Claimants of Incapacity Benefit aged 18-59/64
• Claimants of Severe Disablement Allowance aged 18-59/64
• Claimants of Employment and Support Allowance aged 18-59/64 (those with a contribution-
based element)
• Participants in New Deal for 18-24s who are not claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance
• Participants in New Deal for 25+ who are not claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance
• Participants in New Deal for Lone Parents aged 18 and over (after initial interview).
The map below shows the pattern of employment deprivation across Bolton according to the IMD
2015. The pattern of employment deprivation very closely follows the multiple deprivation pattern
as shown in section 4.1 above. The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Income Domain
was ‘E01004823’ which is located in Halliwell ward, just north of the town centre. This was ranked
101st (out of 32,844) in terms of employment deprivation, meaning it was within the 0.3% most
employment-deprived places in England & Wales.
The second map shows the pattern of employment deprivation in terms of scores, not ranks - this
demonstrates a more thorough spread across the borough of employment deprivation. For instance
the most deprived LSOA in Bolton for income (‘E01004823’ – as previously mentioned) had 2/5s
(41%) of its total population suffering from employment deprivation in 2015.
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4.4 Health Deprivation & Disability
This Domain identifies areas with relatively high rates of people who die prematurely or whose
quality of life is impaired by poor health or who are disabled, across the whole population.
A combined count of health deprivation & disability per LSOA is calculated by summing the following
indicators:
• Years of Potential Life Lost: An age and sex standardised measure of premature death.
• Comparative Illness and Disability Ratio: An age and sex standardised morbidity/disability ratio.
• Acute morbidity: An age and sex standardised rate of emergency admission to hospital.
• Mood and anxiety disorders: The rate of adults suffering from mood and anxiety disorders.
The map below shows the pattern of health deprivation & disability across Bolton according to the
IMD 2015. The pattern of income deprivation very closely follows the general deprivation pattern as
shown in section 4.1 above, although health deprivation & disability appears to be more widespread
than previous domains. For instance 81 of Bolton’s 177 LSOAs are within the 20% most deprived in
the health domain, compared to just 67 in the multiple deprivation index.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Health Deprivation Domain was ‘E010033220’
which is located in the town centre, across both Halliwell & Crompton ward. This was ranked 130th
(out of 32,844) in terms of health deprivation & disability, meaning it was within the 0.4% most
health-deprived places in England & Wales.
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4.5 Education, Skills & Training Deprivation
The purpose of the Domain is to capture the extent of deprivation in education, skills and training in
a local area. The indicators fall into two sub-domains: one relating to lack of attainment among
children and young people and one relating to lack of qualifications in adults. These two sub-
domains are designed to reflect the ‘flow’ and ‘stock’ of educational disadvantage within an area
respectively. That is, the children/young people sub-domain measures the deprivation in the
attaining of qualifications, while the skills sub-domain measures the deprivation in the resident
working age adult population.
Sub-domain: Children and Young People
• Key Stage 2 attainment: The average points score of pupils taking English, maths and science Key
Stage 2 exams.
• Key Stage 3 attainment: The average points score of pupils taking English, maths and science Key
Stage 3 exams.
• Key Stage 4 attainment: The average capped points score of pupils taking Key Stage 4 (GCSE or
equivalent) exams.
• Secondary school absence: The proportion of authorised and unauthorised absences from
secondary school.
• Staying on in education post 16: The proportion of young people not staying on in school or non-
advanced education above age 16.
• Entry to higher education: The proportion of young people aged under 21 not entering higher
education.
Sub-domain: Skills
• Adult skills: The proportion of working age adults aged 25-54 with no or low qualifications.
The map below shows the pattern of education, skills & training deprivation across Bolton according
to the IMD 2015. The pattern of education deprivation is similar to other domains, however
significantly less LSOAs are classed as being deprived. For instance only 45 LSOAs fall within the 20%
most deprived group, and only 2 LSOAs are within the 3% most deprived.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Education, Skills & Training Deprivation Domain
was ‘E01004863’ which is located south of Farnworth ward, on the boundary with Salford. This was
ranked 497th (out of 32,844) in terms of education deprivation, meaning it was within the 1.5% most
education-deprived places in England & Wales.
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4.5.1 Children & Young People Subdomain
The Children & Young People subdomain is one of two supplementary indices of the education
domain. It uses the same data sources described previously, but looks specifically at qualifications
gained by young people to measure attainment.
The pattern of education deprivation for children & young people differs significantly from the
education domain as a whole. Most of the town centre areas (which usually appear in the most
deprived) are absent for this indicator; instead deprivation is limited to the ‘outer ring’ of these
areas, including parts of Harper Green, Farnworth, Little Lever, Breightmet & Crompton. Only 23
LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived category in this indicator, compared to 45 in the ‘Education,
Skills & Training’, and only one LSOA falls within the 3% most deprived group.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 Children & Young People Subdomain was ‘E01004863’
which is located south of Farnworth ward, on the boundary with Salford. This was ranked 390th (out
of 32,844) in terms of education deprivation, meaning it was within the 1.2% most education-
deprived places in England & Wales. (This was the same as in the ‘Education, Skills & Training
domain).
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4.5.2 Adult Skills Subdomain
The Adult Skills subdomain is the second supplementary indices of the education domain. It uses the
same data sources described previously, but looks specifically at the lack of qualifications in the
resident working age population.
The pattern of education deprivation for adult skills is significantly different than for children &
young people. Significantly more areas are classed as deprived than in the previous children & young
people subdomain – 65 LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived category in this indicator,
compared to just 23 in the Children and Young People subdomain. The pattern of deprivation is also
more extensive and covers most of the town centre areas, as well as parts of Breightmet and
Farnworth.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 Adult Skills Subdomain was ‘E01004825’ which is
located south of Crompton ward, close to the town centre. This was ranked 188th (out of 32,844) in
terms of adult skills deprivation, meaning it was within the 0.6% most education-deprived places in
England & Wales. (This was the same as in the ‘Education, Skills & Training domain).
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4.6 Barriers to Housing & Services
The purpose of this Domain is to measure barriers to housing and key local services. The indicators
fall into two sub-domains: ‘geographical barriers’ and ‘wider barriers’ which includes issues relating
to access to housing such as affordability.
Sub-domain: Wider Barriers
• Household overcrowding: The proportion of all households in an LSOA which are judged to have
insufficient space to meet the household’s needs.
• Homelessness: The rate of acceptances for housing assistance under the homelessness provisions
of housing legislation.
• Housing affordability: The difficulty of access to owner-occupation, expressed as a proportion of
households aged under 35 whose income means that they are unable to afford to enter owner
occupation.
Sub-domain: Geographical Barriers
• Road distance to a GP surgery: A measure of the mean distance to the closest GP surgery for
people living in the LSOA.
• Road distance to a food shop: A measure of the mean distance to the closest supermarket or
general store for people living in the LSOA.
• Road distance to a primary school: A measure of the mean distance to the closest primary school
for people living in the LSOA.
• Road distance to a Post Office: A measure of the mean distance to the closest post office or sub
post office for people living in the LSOA.
The map below shows the pattern of Barriers to Housing & Services across Bolton according to the
IMD 2015. The pattern of barriers to housing & services is extremely different to other domains, as
significantly less LSOAs are classed as being deprived. For instance only 3 LSOAs fall within the 20%
most deprived group overall, and only no LSOAs are within the 10% most deprived.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Barriers to Housing & Services Domain was
‘E01004857’ which is located in the centre of Farnworth ward. This was ranked 4,996th (out of
32,844) in terms of barriers to housing & services, meaning it was within the 15% most deprived
places in England & Wales for this domain.
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4.6.1 Wider Barriers Subdomain
The Wider Barriers subdomain is one of two supplementary indices of the Barriers to Housing &
Services domain. It uses the same data sources described previously, but looks specifically at issues
relating to access to housing such as affordability.
The pattern for the ‘wider barriers’ subdomain in Bolton differs significantly from deprivation in the
category as a whole. 31 LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived, compared to just 3 in the ‘Barriers
of Housing & Services’. Unlike the ‘Barriers to Housing & Services’ domain as a whole, these are
mostly concentrated around the town centre areas of Crompton, Rumworth and Great Lever.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Wider Barriers Subdomain was ‘E01004822’
which is located in Crompton ward. This was ranked 3,209th (out of 32,844) in terms of wider
barriers to housing & services, meaning it was within the 10% most deprived places in England &
Wales for this domain.
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4.6.1 Geographical Barriers Subdomain
The Geographical Barriers subdomain is one of two supplementary indices of the Barriers to Housing
& Services domain. It uses the same data sources described previously, but looks specifically at the
physical proximity of local services.
The pattern for the ‘geographical barriers’ subdomain in Bolton differs significantly from deprivation
in the category as a whole. 19 LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived, compared to just 3 in the
‘Barriers of Housing & Services’ domain. Unlike the ‘wider barriers’ subdomain, these are mostly
concentrated around the outer areas east of the town centre, including most of Horwich, Blackrod,
Westhoughton and Heaton & Lostock. As this is the opposite geographical pattern of deprivation
seen in the wider barriers subdomain, it appears that the two domains seem to have cancelled each
other out, thus resulting in a low result in the domain as a whole.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Wider Barriers Subdomain was ‘E01004775’
which is located south of Horwich, and covers the area surrounding Horwich parkway station. This
was ranked 2,509th (out of 32,844) in terms of geographical barriers to housing & services, meaning
it was within the 8% most deprived places in England & Wales for this domain.
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4.7 Living Environment Deprivation
The Living Environment Deprivation Domain measures the quality of the local environment. The
indicators fall into two sub-domains. The ‘indoors’ living environment measures the quality of
housing; while the ‘outdoors’ living environment contains measures of air quality and road traffic
accidents.
Indoors sub-domain
• Houses without central heating: The proportion of houses that do not have central heating
• Housing in poor condition: The proportion of social and private homes that fail to meet the
Decent Homes standard.
Outdoors sub-domain
• Air quality: A measure of air quality based on emissions rates for four pollutants
• Road traffic accidents involving injury to pedestrians and cyclists: A measure of road traffic
accidents involving injury to pedestrians and cyclists among the resident and workplace
population.
The map below shows the pattern of Living Environment deprivation across Bolton according to the
IMD 2015. The pattern of deprivation is slightly different to other domains, as marginally less LSOAs
are classed as being deprived compared to the income, employment and health domains. For
instance 40 LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived group overall, (compared to 67 in the overall
deprivation domain).
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Living Environment Deprivation Domain was
‘E01004818’ which is located in Tonge with the Haugh ward. This was ranked 245th (out of 32,844)
in terms of living environment deprivation, meaning it was within the 1% most deprived places in
England & Wales for this domain.
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4.7.1 Indoors Subdomain
The indoors subdomain is one of two supplementary indices of the Living Environment domain. It
uses the same data sources described previously, but specifically looks at the quality of housing.
The pattern for the ‘indoors’ subdomain in Bolton is similar to deprivation in the category as a
whole. 42 LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived, and mostly fall within Halliwell, Crompton,
Tonge with the Haugh, Rumworth and Great Lever. However unlike in other domains these mostly
occur on the outskirts of the town centre area.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Indoors subdomain was ‘E01004818’ (the same
as in the living environment domain), which is located in Tonge with the Haugh ward. This was
ranked 1,051st (out of 32,844) in terms of ‘indoors’ deprivation, meaning it was within the 3% most
deprived places in England & Wales for this subdomain.
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4.7.2 Outdoors Subdomain
The outdoors subdomain is one of two supplementary indices of the Living Environment domain. It
uses the same data sources described previously, but specifically contains measures of air quality
and road traffic incidents.
The pattern for the ‘outdoors’ subdomain in Bolton is similar to deprivation in the category as a
whole, however only 26 LSOAs fall within the 20% most deprived, compared to 42 in the ‘indoors’
subdomain. Also these mostly fall directly in the town centre areas of Crompton, Halliwell, Great
Lever and Tonge with the Haugh, as opposed to the ‘indoors’ subdomain which mainly occurs on the
outskirts of the town centre.
The most deprived LSOA in Bolton in the 2015 IMD Outdoors subdomain was ‘E01004818’ (the same
as in the living environment and indoors domain), which is located in Tonge with the Haugh ward.
This was ranked 1,706th (out of 32,844) in terms of ‘outdoors’ deprivation, meaning it was within
the 5% most deprived places in England & Wales for this subdomain.
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5. Further Information
This work has been prepared by Strategy Team who can provide further information on this study.
Contact: Sarah Peet
Strategy Team
Department of Place
Bolton Council
Tel: 01204 333217
E-mail: [email protected]
For more information see the Communities & Local Government Department
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015
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