Indigenous Peoples andClimate Change in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean

Jakob Kronik and Dorte Verner

THE WORLD BANKWashington, D.C.

Contents

Foreword xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbbreviations xv

Chapter 1 Introduction 1Indigenous Peoples of LAC 2Climate Change and Climatic Variability in LAC 4Determinants of Vulnerability 8Approach and Outline of Study 11Notes 12References 13

Chapter 2 Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon 15Threats and Perceptions of Climate Change 17Effects of Climate Change on Indigenous

Peoples' Livelihoods 25Transforming Structures and Processes 32Institutional Framework 35Adaptation and Survival Strategies 37Summary 39

vi Contents

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

NotesReferences

Indigenous Peoples of the AndesThreats from Climate ChangeAndean Region—Bolivia's Northern AltiplanoSub-Andean Region—Bolivia's Northern YungasSummaryNotesReferences

Indigenous Peoples of the Caribbeanand Central AmericaAbrupt Effects of Extreme EventsEffects of Slow-Onset Climate Change ProcessesIndirect Social Impacts from Climate ChangeSummaryNotesReferences

Indigenous Peoples and Climate ChangeAcross the RegionThreats <ImpactsPotential EffectsAdaptationIndigenous Peoples, Mitigation of Climate

Change, and Protection of BiodiversityNotesReferences

40, 41

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71728592929394

97100102106107

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Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 123Indigenous Peoples of Latin America

and the Caribbean 124Culture, Livelihood, Institutions, and Knowledge 125Impact of Climate Change on Indigenous Peoples 127Climate-Change Adaptation in an

Indigenous Context 129Climate-Change Mitigation in an

Indigenous Context 130

Operational RecommendationsNeeds for Further ResearchNotesReferences

Appendix A Climate Change and Climatic Variabilityin Latin America and the CaribbeanImages of Present ChangeImages of the FutureAspects of Observed ClimateGlobal Climate Change IssuesProjections of Regional Climate ChangeFurther ResearchNotes

- References

Appendix B Field Work MethodologyNotesReference

Contents vn

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137138144146150153164165166

171173173

Index 175