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2 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Indigenous Sporting Greats
Introduction
Australians love both watching and playing sports! Australia places
near the top in most high level sports, and we do very well in the
Olympic and Commonwealth Games. This is great because Australia
has a small population compared to other nations.
Australia is a sports-loving nation! Australia is well-known as a country
that loves sports, sporting heroes and teams! Sports are a means of
bonding people from different backgrounds. The sporting team
becomes the new ‘tribe’ and the players in these teams are the new
‘chiefs’ of these communities. Sport has long been a bridge within,
and between, communities. One of these bridges led right into the
heart of the Indigenous peoples of Australia.
Indigenous Australians have been involved in sporting games for many
thousands of years. European colonists and explorers wrote about
contests which lasted a few days and moved several kilometres over a
giant playing field. This game was called Marngrook, and was played
by both men and women. Marngrook is very similar to the sport
played today by the Australian Football League (AFL). In fact, some
people believe one of the originators of AFL, Tom Wills, was simply
formalising the rules of Marngrook.
The unique blend of influences from migrants from other parts of the
world, along with the ancient traditions of Indigenous peoples, has
helped make Australia what it is today. The Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander peoples are the country’s original inhabitants , and they
have played a major role in Australian sports at an elite level.
The world’s oldest continuous cultural tradition is found with the
Indigenous peoples of Australia. Australia’s Indigenous people have
Indigenous Sporting Greats
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 3
been living here for 50,000 to 80,000 years. Carbon dating continues
to push this time back further into prehistory.
The cultural history of Australia includes many stories such as those of
brave soldiers, battlers and bushrangers. In addition to this, there are
also the sporting heroes, working heroes and the migrants who were
hungry for success.
The Australian climate allows sports to be played throughout the year.
The general lack of snow means outdoor sports can still be played in
winter, and the wealth of sunshine means sports can be played after
work and school. Australia is very proud of, and identifies itself by, its
sporting successes, Indigenous heritage, and its vibrant mix of cultures,
thriving arts scene, and innovation in science and medicine.
If you watch sporting contests in Australia, you will most likely see
Indigenous players involved. Success in the realm of sport can be a
way for Indigenous peoples in remote communities to achieve a higher
social standing and be able to provide for their families.
Great Britain established the first European settlement in Australia at
Sydney Cove in 1788. Their eventual aim was the total colonisation of
the Australian landmass. In terms of population figures, the Indigenous
peoples of Australia were quickly outnumbered by free settlers,
convicts, migrants and the descendants of migrants that arrived in
Australia from about 200 countries. These people all came with their
own traditions, religions, cultures and ways of life which were soon
blended, adopted and modified to form an overall view of what it is to
be ‘Australian’. However, little regard was given to the cultures,
customs and ways of life of the Indigenous population. It is evident that
after colonisation traditional Aboriginal games were almost lost:
nowadays tennis balls are used instead of spears and footballs instead
of waddies.
Indigenous Sporting Greats
4 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
The number of Indigenous sporting heroes is enormous! They can be
found in the football codes of Rugby Union, Rugby League, AFL and
soccer, and in many other sports such as tennis, cricket, softball,
boxing and athletics.
Famous Indigenous athletes include: Benn Harradine, Bianca Franklin,
Cathy Freeman, Jacob Groth, Jeff ‘Mitta’ Dynevor, Ken Hampton,
Nicole Cusack, Nova Peris-Kneebone, Tom Dancey, Stacey Campton,
Sharon Finnan, Shane Parker, Robbie Crowther and many others.
Famous Indigenous cricketers include: Bernie Lamont, Dan Christian,
Danny Tye, Darcy Short, Eddie Gilbert, Edna Crouch, Faith Thomas,
Glenn Martin, Guy Grey, Jack Marsh, Jason ‘Dizzy’ Gillespie, Jeff
Cook, Johnny Mullagh (Unaarrimin), Mabel Campbell, Sam
Anderson, Vince Copley and many others.
Famous Indigenous footballers and rugby players include the
following; Adam ‘Goodesy’ Goodes, Alan Karpany, Allistair Pickett,
Ambrose McDonald, Andrew Krakouer, Andrew McLeod, Arthur ‘Big
Artie’ Beetson, Corey Ah Chee, Darrell West, David Peachey, David
Wirrpanda, Justin Thurston and many others.
Indigenous Sporting Greats
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 5
Australians have a right to express their culture and beliefs within the
framework of Australia’s law. The law also allows them to participate
freely in their country’s national life. Below are the principles and
shared values supporting Australia’s way of life that everyone is
expected to uphold:
o respect for equal worth, dignity and freedom of the individual;
o freedom of speech and association;
o freedom of religion, and a secular government;
o support for parliamentary democracy and the rule of law;
o equality under the law;
o equality of men and women;
o equality of opportunity;
o peacefulness;
o a spirit of egalitarianism that embraces tolerance, mutual
respect, and compassion for those in need.
As there are simply too many noteworthy Indigenous sportspeople for
them all to be featured, the following pages represent simply an
introduction to our Indigenous sporting heroes. The idea of this book is
to function as a demonstration of the magnificent talent of these
sporting heroes and to give full credit where it is most deserved! It is a
celebration of a dispossessed and badly treated people rising from the
colonisation period to greatness in modern Australia!
6 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Activities
You might need access to a library or the Internet to answer these
questions.
1. Do some searching and reading into games and sports that
were played by Indigenous Australians prior to European
settlement. Describe the rules for these games below.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What are some artefacts (ancient pieces of crafts) that have been
discovered in Australia? What do these tell us about the cultural
traditions of the Australian Indigenous population prior to
European settlement?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you follow a local sports team? If so, are there any
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander players on this team? Choose
someone to write a short story/biography about.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 7
Australian Rules Football
Australian Rules football (usually just called 'Aussie Rules') originated in
Melbourne in 1858. From 1915, this game has been played in all
Australian states and territories, and even in New Zealand. The game
is incredibly popular, and it is the most played and watched sport in
Australia. Crowd sizes are enormous!
It is an exciting game on the field and suitable for a class of students to
play. There is a place in the game for people of any size – from tall
kickers to shorter passers. Aussie Rules can be played on any field with
limited resources. Aussie Rules requires a combination of skills
including speed, stamina, and quick reflexes for ball handling and
kicking!
Australian Rules football differs to both rugby and soccer in that it is
watched with equal interest by males and females – the other codes
are watched more by males. It is an exciting game to watch; the rules
are easy to follow and the pace is incredibly quick, making it a perfect
spectator sport.
Originally called the Victorian Football League (VFL), the name was
changed to the Australian Football League (AFL) in 1990, after teams
from other states began to join the league throughout the 1980s. The
Victorian Football League still exists, but is a semi-professional league
featuring teams solely from Victoria.
Australia is the only country where Australian Rules football is played in
a professional manner. International matches have been played in
Ireland, but these used rules combined from both Australian Rules
football and Gaelic football.
A 2002 report conducted by the AFL shows that Australian Rules
football is Australia’s leading spectator sport, attracting more than 14
million viewers per year at all levels of the game, in all communities.
Australian Rules football is the main football code in 4 of 6 Australian
Australian Rules Football
8 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
states. Every year the AFL has attracted crowds totalling over 5 million
people at the elite level of competition. There are millions more tuning
in to television and radio broadcasts to follow the victories and defeats
of the sixteen AFL clubs. In addition, some 500,000 Australians
actively support their AFL club by taking out annual club memberships,
thus retaining ownership of 'their team' (AFL 2002).
AFL games are played between two teams comprised of 18 players.
The game is played on a modified cricket field, an Australian Football
ground or a similar-sized sports venue. It feels like a giant oval
paddock to a rugby or soccer player!
The core values of Australians’ aspirations in football include:
o All are equal on the field of play regardless of class and cultural
background. The skills, physical attributes, and tactics that
individual players bring to the game are what is important.
o Fair-play – that all players are bound to the same rules of the
game.
o Recognition of the importance of team-work, particularly during
periods of adversity.
o Belief that we should never give up without a fight and we should
never let our mates down.
o Knowledge that tough defence is as worthy of respect and
reward as expert attack.
o Acknowledgment that individualism should only be celebrated in
so far as it does not diminish cooperative effort and collective
achievement.
This then leads into the Indigenous peoples’ involvement with AFL –
and it has been a long and brilliant participation! Indigenous peoples
had their own team games, so the move to involvement with the
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 9
colonists’ sports was not a major step. Early settler accounts describe
kicking and running games very much like modern AFL played by 20
or more players where the ‘ball’ was fought over and thrown to other
team members.
It would have been a natural progression for colonists and team
coordinators to see the huge potential with Indigenous players. In
some ways, the democratisation and strict rules of the game helped
focus broader Indigenous issues, such as a lack of equality and
opportunity. The racist feelings of some community members were
loudly admonished in the AFL, which helped move the broader
community towards tolerance and a peaceful co-existence.
Australian Rules Football
10 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Indigenous AFL Achievements
Three Brownlow Medals: Gavin Wanganeen in 1993, while he ws still
at Essendon, before finishing his career at Port Adelaide; Adam
Goodes, of the Sydney Swans, tied with Collingwood’s Nathan Buckley
and Adelaide's Mark Ricciuto in 2003. Goodes went on to win the
award again in 2006.
Six Norm Smith Medals: Maurice Rioli, Richmond (1982); Peter
Matera, West Coast (1992); Michael Long, Essendon (1993); Andrew
McLeod, Adelaide (1997 and 1998), Byron Pickett, Port Adelaide
(2005).
Three AFL Rising Star awards: Byron Pickett, Kangaroos (1998); Adam
Goodes, Sydney (1999); and Danyle Pearce, Port Adelaide, (2006).
Six Sandover Medals: Ted Kilmurray (1958); Polly Farmer (1956,
1957, 1960); Barry Cable (1964, 1968, 1973); Stephen Michael
(1980, 1981); Phil Narkle (1982); Michael Mitchell (1984).
An Indigenous community Australian Rules football game.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aboriginal_ football.jpg
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 11
Indigenous AFL Players
Michael Mitchell
Michael Mitchell was born on the 25th of November, 1961.
He began his senior football career with Claremont in the WAFL. In
1984, he won the Sandover Medal, and he achieved All-Australian
selection in 1985 and 1986.
He signed a three-year contract with Richmond in the VFL in May
1986. He was viewed as one of the most exhilarating players of the
late 1980s and early 1990s, even though this was an unsuccessful era
for Richmond. He was outstanding in terms of pace and his high
leaps. Despite being lightly built, Mitchell was able to chase down
opponents and was also a strong tackler. In 1990, he won both Mark
of the Year and Goal of the Year, being only the second player in the
history of the game to do so.
A number of head injuries and concussions cut short his career.
Justin Murphy
Justin Murphy was born on the 24th of April, 1976. He attended John
Gardiner Secondary College and played junior AFL with the Central
Dragons.
Murphy began his career at Richmond. He later moved to Carlton,
then to Geelong, then back to Carlton before moving on to Essendon
in 2004. This was despite having said during his time at Carlton that
he 'despised' Essendon.
He was a midfielder who also possessed a thumping 55-meter kick. In
the 1999 Preliminary Final, Murphy is remembered as having held the
ball when the final whistle was blown in Carlton’s upset 1 point win
against Essendon.
Australian Rules Football
12 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
He retired from the AFL at the end of 2005, at 29 years of age. He
went on to play in Melbourne's Diamond Valley Football League (later
called the Northern Football League) at the Heidelberg Football Club.
Christopher Lockley "Chris" Lewis
Christopher Lockley Lewis was born on the 17th of March, 1969. He
was one of the sons of Irwin Lewis, a notable sportsman, scholar,
public servant, and Indigenous artist. Chris Lewis played over 200 AFL
games for the West Coast Eagles.
Lewis attended Christ Church Grammar School, an elite independent
school in Western Australia, for his secondary education. His father
and older brothers – Clayton and Cameron – had also attended the
same school. In this school, Year 10 students were not allowed to play
in the First XVIII football team for safety reasons but Lewis was given
an exception because of his extraordinary ability.
He played for the Claremont Football club in the WAFL, and made his
debut with the West Coast Eagles AFL club in 1987. He played a total
of 215 matches for the club, and kicked 259 goals. He was a member
of the 1992 and 1994 West Coast Eagles premiership teams, and also
the 1996 Claremont WAFL premiership team.
Lewis was said to be a highly skilled player but received frequent
suspensions. These suspensions were given to Lewis for biting Todd
Viney’s finger in 1991, poking Stephen Macpherson’s eye in 1992,
and pushing Peter Worsford head-first into the fence in 1993.
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 13
Adam Goodes
Adam Goodes was born in
Wallaroo, South Australia, in
1980. His mother’s nation was
the Adnyamathanha and
Narungga people of South
Australia.
Adam was a great AFL player,
and played over 372 games for
the Sydney Swans. Throughout
his career Adam won 2
Brownlow Medals, 2 AFL
Premierships, 3 Bob Skilton
Medals, and many other
sporting awards. In 2014, he
was awarded Australian of the
Year for his work with
Indigenous issues.
He called out racism when he
saw it. In one match, he did an Indigenous war dance similar to the
New Zealand Haka, and was booed as a result.
He was called an ‘ape’ by a young spectator and Goodes asked for
her removal from the grounds. Some saw this as heavy-handed, but
then again, they were not the ones not being insulted continually!
Adam was a brilliant player, and off the field he continued to represent
Indigenous interests. He even wrote about the association between
Marngrook and the modern form of the game. The many things Adam
did for the sport and his people will always be remembered.
Australian Rules Football
14 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Les Bamblett
Les Bamblett was born on the 5th of August, 1963. He played with
Melbourne and Footscray in the VFL, and in 1982 he won the Morrish
Medal for the best and fairest player in the VFL Under 19’s
competition. In 1983, Bamblett made a senior debut against
Collingwood in the opening round of the VFL season. During the same
year, he made a further 10 appearances.
He trained at Richmond in the 1984 pre-season, but the club failed to agree with Melbourne on the fee for transfer. This caused him to join the WAFL club Claremont, but he was unable to play a senior game due to lack of clearance. He returned to Victoria after receiving an offer from Footscray.
In the 1984 season, Footscray finished second, with 51 goals made by
Bamblett. He played 24 games during that season which included
three finals. Over the following 3 years, Bamblett only managed to
play another 6 matches as he struggled with injuries.
Laurie Bellotti
Laurie Bellotti was born on the 28th of February, 1976. He played with
the West Coast Eagles in the AFL as a utility player, and was highly
successful in basketball in his hometown of Carnarvon. In 1996, he
joined the Claremont Colts premiership side and in 1998 he played a
full season for the seniors.
In 1999, he played a total of 15 games for the Eagles as a rookie. He
was then promoted from the rookie list after the end of the season.
Bellotti appeared in 9 more games in the AFL, and ended his career at
West Perth in the WAFL.
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 15
Gavin Adrian Wanganeen
Gavin Adrian
Wanganeen was
born on the 18th of
June, 1973, and is
of Kokatha Mula
origin.
He retired from
Australian Rules
football after playing
in two AFL
premierships, one
with Essendon and
one at Port
Adelaide. He is a
Brownlow Medallist
and one of the most
excellent Indigenous
players in the history
of the game.
He played junior
football for the
South Australian Amateur Football League club Salisbury North
Hawks. He later debuted with Port Adelaide in the South Australian
National Football League (SANFL) in 1990, at just sixteen years of age.
He played 24 matches, kicking 46 goals, and won the SANFL Rookie
of the Year award. The following year he joined the Essendon AFL
club.
After debuting at Essendon, Wanganeen found a niche immediately,
playing as an attacking defender. He was an integral part of the team
that defeated Carlton to secure the 1993 Premiership. That same year,
Australian Rules Football
16 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Gavin Wanganeen was awarded the Brownlow medal, which is given
to the best and fairest player in the league. He retired in 2006 after
300 AFL games! He was the first Indigenous player to win the
Brownlow, and was only one vote away from winning it a second time
in 2003.
Peter Gabriel Burgoyne
Peter Gabriel Burgoyne was born on the 29th of January, 1978, and
his ancestry can be traced to the Kokatha people of South Australia.
While at the Port Adelaide AFL club he mostly played as a midfielder
and on the half back flank.
He grew up in the Northern Territory, and started playing football with
St Mary’s in the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL). His
younger brother, Shaun Burgoyne, is also a footballer, and has played
for both Port Adelaide and Hawthorn. Burgoyne’s father is former Port
Adelaide player Peter Burgoyne Senior.
During the changeover from the SANFL to the AFL, Peter Gabriel
Burgoyne was one of those selected from the Port Adelaide SANFL side
to form the inaugural Port Adelaide AFL team. Burgoyne’s
performance caused him to be recognised as an outstanding attacking
midfielder.
He played 240 games with Port Adelaide, and was an important part
of the premiership-winning team in 2004. He retired from the AFL in
2009.
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 17
Shaun Playford Burgoyne
Shaun Burgoyne was born on the 21st of October, 1982. He is the
younger brother of Peter Burgoyne, and the son of Peter Burgoyne
Senior, both former Port Adelaide players. Shaun is of Kokatha
descent.
Shaun Burgoyne made his AFL debut in 2002, for Port Adelaide
Power. He originally played on the forward line, but later became an
effective rebounding defender. He was part of the Port Adelaide
premiership-winning team in 2004.
In 2010, Shaun moved from Port Adelaide to Hawthorn. He had been
Vice-captain at the time, and requested to play for a Victorian club
after his brother Peter retired. At Hawthorn he was given the No. 9
jumper of former club champion Shane Crawford.
Cyril Collard
Cyril Collard was born on the 20th of September, 1934, and is of the
Noongar people of Western Australia. He was the first person from this
community to play for the Hawthorn club. He played for this club
between 1957 and 1958 where he scored three goals.
Cyril began his football career at the Subiaco Football Club. During
his two seasons at the club he was among the top three finishers for
the best and fairest award. He later moved to Melbourne in 1956,
where he trained with Collingwood but instead opted to play with
Hawthorn.
After retiring from professional football, Cyril became a professional
runner. He achieved some success and was able to reach the final of
the Stawell Gift. He also served in the Metropolitan Fire Brigade where
he attained the rank of Senior Fire Fighter.
Australian Rules Football
18 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Trent Cummings
Trent Cummings was born on the 28th of December, 1973. In the AFL,
he played with Fitzroy and the West Coast Eagles, mostly playing on
the wing or at half forward. Cummings’ great grandfather, Joe
Johnson, and his elder brother Robert, also played for Fitzroy. Joe
Johnson was actually the first Indigenous Australian to play in the
Victorian Football League. This was a family of sports people; Trent’s
father Percy played for Hawthorn.
Selected sixth in the 1993 AFL draft, Cummings played three seasons
with Fitzroy. Fitzroy merged with the Brisbane Bears at the end of the
1996 and Cummings failed to secure a place in the new Brisbane
Lions club. He joined West Coast Eagles with pick 57 in the national
draft even though he had recently undergone a knee reconstruction. In
1997, Cummings only played two games at his new club, with most of
his time spent in the WAFL at Peel Thunder. His career in the league
ended abruptly due to a knee injury he received in a practice match
during the 1998 pre-season.
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 19
William Brian "Bill" Dempsey, MBE
William Brian Dempsey was born on the 17th of March, 1942 in
Birdum, which is a railway settlement in the Northern Territory. He
began his football career at the Buffaloes Football Club in the NTFL.
He also played in the Western Australian National Football League
(WANFL). He was inducted into both the AFL Northern Territory and
the West Australian Football Halls of Fame.
Dempsey played 343 games for West Perth, which is a record that has
only been broken by Mel Whinnen with a total of 371 games played
for the club.
Dempsey made his first appearance in the WANFL in 1960. While
playing as either a ruckman or in defence, Dempsey became a regular
in the West Perth side. In 1966, he won the Breckler Medal as the
club’s best and fairest. He played as part of the premiership side in
1969, 1971, and 1975.
During summers, Dempsey was able to return to the Northern Territory
to play in the NTFL. He was Darwin’s club captain for the 1964 and
1965 seasons. During the 1967-68 seasons, Dempsey was a member
of the undefeated premiership side.
In June 1963, he played his first match for Western Australia against
Tasmania at Subiaco Oval. Overall he played 14 matches for the
state, including 2 matches at the Australian Championships in 1972.
He retired at the end of the 1976 season, at the age of 34.
Australian Rules Football
20 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Gary Dhurrkay
Gary Dhurrkay was
born on 4th March,
1974. In 1994, he
was part of the East
Fremantle Football
Club’s premiership
side in the WAFL.
Later, in 1995, he
was part of
Fremantle's inaugural
AFL team. Gary was
moved down to the
WAFL in 1998 after
having an inconsistent
season. In the same
year he played in the
East Fremantle
Football Club’s
premiership.
Afterwards he was
delisted by Fremantle.
Gary’s hope was
revived when the
Kangaroos gave him a second chance, selecting him in the 1998 draft
with selection 31. In the 1999 and 2000 season at his new club, he
played 21 games, before retiring in mid-2000. After this, he became
the leader of Marngarr community in Arnhem Land in the Northern
Territory.
Gary died at 31 years of age in a fatal car accident on the Melville Bay
Road, Arnhem Land.
Australian Rules Football
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 21
Alf Egan
Alf Egan was born on the 3rd of April, 1910, and was the first
Indigenous Australian to play for both the Carlton and North
Melbourne clubs in the VFL. Egan appeared in the 1932 VFL Grand
Final as a centre half forward to replace Jack Green who got injured.
Unfortunately, Egan was not able to push his team to a win.
Jeff Farmer
Jeff Farmer was born on the 24th of June, 1977. He was the first
Indigenous player to kick 400 goals in the AFL.
In 1995, Farmer began his professional football career with the
Melbourne Football Club. He was regarded as one of the most
stimulating players of the AFL and was known as the ‘The Wizard’ due
to his ability to score goals where no one could see one coming.
In 2000, at the MCG while playing against Collingwood, he managed
to score 9 goals in the second half. He completed the 2000 season
with a career best of 76 goals after which he was chosen for the All-
Australian team.
At the end of 2001, Farmer was traded to Fremantle. He played 118
games and scored 259 goals for Fremantle. He was later traded to
Melbourne. He retired from the AFL at the end of the 2008 season.
Australian Rules Football
22 © Knowledge Books & Software, 2016
Charlie Stewart
Charlie Stewart was born on the 19th of March, 1939. He played with
Footscray in the VFL, and later became a coach.
In 1957, he played reserve grade for Essendon, and did the same
when he later joined Footscray. He moved to Footscray after being
cleared in April 1961, and that same year he played 20 matches in
the VFL season.
Syd Jackson
Syd Jackson was born on the 1st of July, 1944. He played with the
Carlton Blues during the 1970s, usually in the centre or half forward
flank.
His professional football career started in 1963 at East Perth. Jackson
was equal first in that year's Sandover Medal count, even though he
was ineligible due to suspension. He was named East Perth's best and
fairest in 1966.
After being recruited by Ron Barassi, he made his debut with Carlton
in 1969. In 1970 and 1972 he was part of the premiership-winning
team for the Blues. To ensure Jackson played in the grand final, false
information was given to a tribunal that was looking into a fight
between Syd Jackson and Lee Adamson. After 22 years, Jackson
disclosed it was club president, George Harris, who told him to say the
fight occurred because of racial provocation.
Norm McDonald
Norm McDonald was born on the 25th of December, 1925. In 1949
and 1950 he played in the Essendon premiership teams, and won the
Essendon Best and Fairest award in 1951.
Activities
© Knowledge Books & Software, 2016 23
Activities
You might need access to a library or the Internet to answer these
questions.
1. Research the rules of Gaelic football. How does Gaelic football
differ from Australian Rules football?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What are some of the ways the AFL has attempted to combat
racism?
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the Brownlow Medal given for?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Name one of the Indigenous AFL stars you have been following.
________________________________________________________________________
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