EnvironmentalAssessment/AnalysisReports _____

Report E0035

INDONESIA -

Outer IslandsPower ProjectEA Category A

Environmental Assessment1 of 4April 1994

This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTOF

BANJARMASIN MINE MOUTH COAL-~ STEAM POWER PLANT

- w PERUSARAN UMUM USTK NEGAR

APRIL, 1994

TABLE OF CONrTENTS

EXECUTvE SUMIARY vii

1.0 INTRODUCTION I-i1.1 Background 1-11.2 Indonesia Electricity Act 1-2

2.0 POLICY - LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Tl-12.1 Existing Legislations II-12.2 Environhmental Policy 11-2

2.2.1 Policy on Env,-rnmental Management II-22.2.2 Project Implenentadon and Environmental Impacts II-3

2.2.2. lEnvironmcnt Impact on the SPP Project II-32.2.2.2Impacts of the Power Plant on the Environments II-3

2.3 Aims and Scope the Impact Assessment 1-2.3.1 Aims 11-62.3.2 Scope of the Study T1-7

2,3.2. lAreal Boundary II-72.3.2.2Study Components II-82.3.3.3Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Asessment 11-10

2.3.3 Research Methodology 11-122.3.3. lData Collection Methodology 11-122.3.3.2Data Analysis Mlethod 11-172.3.3.3Prediction and Evaluation of significant Impacts. 11-22

3.0 PROJECT DISCR'TION II-I3.1 General III- 13.2 Objective of Banjarmasin SPP 111-23.3 Aims and Alternative m-2

3.3.1 Demand III-23.3.2 Banjarmasin SPP Site and Land Requirement IL43.3.3 Alternative Sita Locations m-43.3.4 Another activities within and around the project area m-5

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3.4 Implemnentation Plan for the Baiijarniasin SPP III-53.4.1 Pre Construction Stage llI-53.4.2 Constmction Stage III-53.4.3 Post Construction Stage IT-10

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE PROFILE IV- l4.1 Physical EnAvironment Baseline Frofile IV-1

4.1.1 Climate IV-14.1.2 Physiography and Geology IV44.1.3 Hydrology IV-5

_ 4.1.4 Soil Condition IV-10

4.1.5 Land Use TV-144.2 Biotic Environmental Baseline Profile IV-15

4.2.1. Floral area of Jorong Subdistrict TV-154.2.1. lOpen Space Community. IV-154.2. 1.2Cultured Plant Community IV-154.2.1.3Locality of the Planned Mfine Mouth Coal SPP IV-17

4.2.2 General Faunal Situation in the Torong District IV-204.2.2. lAquatic Biota of Asam-Asam River IV-22

4.2.2.2Planktonic and benthic organisms TV-23

4.3 Socio-cconomic, Socio-cultural and Public Health IV-234.3.1 Population Density IV-23

4.3.1. lPopulation at Asam-Asam Village IV-234.3.1.2Tbe Population at the Project Site IV-25

4.3.2 Education IV-27

4.3.3 Job Opportunities IV-28

4.3.4 Source of Income IV-284.3.5 Wealth/Assets of Families living in the project site Iv-30

4.3.6 Mobility of the local population IV-30

4.3.7 Local perception of the SP? IV-31

4.3.8 Land Ownership Status IV-314.3.9 Public health IV-32

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS V-1

5.1 Identification of Impacts V-1

- 5.2 Prediction and Evaluation of Impacts V-1

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5.3 flvaluation of [mnpacts V-4

5.3.1 Pre Construction V-4

5.3.1. ISurvey and Field Investigation V-4

5.3.2 Construcdon V-5

5.3.2. 1AfIect of Labour recruitnent V-5

5.3.2.2Land clearing V-6

5.3.2.3Transportation of Equipment and M aterials V-8

5.3.2.4Aporopriation and transport of materials V-8

5.3.2.5Constructions of Main Structures of Thermnal

Power Plant V-9

5.3.3 Post construction or Operation Phase V-10

5.3.3.lWrorker's lay off V-10

5.3.3.2Gaseous Emissions V-1I

5.3.3.3Solid wastes V-12

5.3.3.4tiquid efflueiits v-12

i.3.3.5Other impacts V-13

5.4 Summary Imrmpacts V-15

6.0 ANALYSIS OrF ALTERNATIVES VI-1

6.1 Choice of Energy VI-i

6.2 Plant Capacity'and U nit Size VI-i

6.3 Altermatives sites VE-3

7.0 MITIGATION PLA N VII- I

7.1 Gaseous Emission VII-1

7.1.1 Sulphurous Oxides (SO) VII-1

- 7.1.2 Nitrdus Oxides (NOQ) V.I-i

7.2 Liquid Effluents VII-2

7.2.1 'Wastc water VII-2

7.2.2 Oily Effluents VI-3

7.2.3 TLeachate/Waste water from Coal and Ash V.II-3

7.2.4 Rain water V?II-3

7.3 Solid WIastes VII-4

7.4 Water Intake VII-5

7.5 Other Impacts V1I-6

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7.5,1 Noise Mitiation VlI-6

7.5.2 Socioecononmic and Public Health VII-6

7.6 Resettlement Plan VII-6

7.6.1 Status of Land and Ownership VII-7

7.6.2 Source of Income * VII-7

7.6.2. IThatch Making From Nipah Leaves VII-8

7.6.2.2Simbitan VII-8

7.6.3 Income And Expenditure of brget Group VII 8

7.6.4 The Socio-Cultural Condition VII-9

7.6.5 The Perception of The Public With Regard lb

_ The SPP Project VII-I0

7.6.6 Planned Resettlement Location VII-10

7.6.7 Facility for Collecting Nipah Palm Leaves VII-1 1

7.6.8 Facility for Collecting Palm Leaves VI-I I7.6.9 Education and Training VII-12

7.6.10 Implementation and Financing Plan VII-12

7.6.11 Monitoring of Resettlemcnt Plan VII-13

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMNENT APPROACH (EMAP) vat-i

S.1 Purpose and objective yvI-i

8.1.1 General Vm-

8.1.2 Short-term aims vm-l8.1.3 Long-term aims VIII-2

8.2 Environmental Management Approach VII-3

8.2.1 Technical Approach VIII-3

8.2. 1. lPre-Construction and Construction Stage VM-3

8.2. f.20peration Stage VI1-4

8.2.2 Economic Approach VXXI-5

8.2.3 Institution Approach VIII-5

8.3 Environmental Management Plan VIII-5

8.3.1 EMAP in preconstruction stage VElk6

8.3.1. lInvestigadon/Surveys VII-6

8.3.1.2Land Acquisition Vm-6

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8.3,2 Conslruction Smage VII1-7

8.3.2. IMobilizationi of Labour VJil-7

8.3.2.2Mobilization of Equipment and Materials VIII-88.3.2.3Tand Clearing and Preparation VIII-9

8.3.2.4Supply of construction materials VIII-9

8.3.2.5The Construction of Udlities and Infrastructureof the SPP viII-10

8.3.3 EMAP in operational stage VlII-118.3.3. lWind down of labour VIII-I 1

8. 3.3.2EIectrical Generation Process and maintenance VIII- 18.3.3.3Ash Storage ' VIII .13

8.3.3.4Electrical Distribution VIII-138.3.4 Execution of Environmental Management VIII-14

8.3.4. lManagement Body VIII-148.3.4.2Structure and Scope of organizational duties VIII-15

8.3.4.3Costs of EMAP VIII-168.3.5 Supervision VIII-17

8.3.5. ISupervisory Body VIII-178.3.5.2Implementation of Supervision V[II-18

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONTIORING APPROACH IX-19.1 Purpose and Objective DC-1

9.1.1 General LX-1

9.1.2 Objective IX-1

9.1.2. lGeneral Objectives IX-1

9.1 .2.2Short-Term Objectives IX-2

9.1.2.3Long-Term Objectives LX-2

9.2 Environmental Monitoring Approach IX-39.2.1 Responsibilities IX-3

9.2.1. lGeneral IX-3

9.2. 1.2Supervision D14

9.2.1.3lmplemcntation IX-49.2.2 Scope and content of Monitoring IX-5

9.2.2. IPre-construction and Construction Stage IX-5

9.2.2.20perational Stage IX-5

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9.2.3 Mlonitoring methods and Frequency IX-6- 9.2.3. lGeneral IX-6

9.2.3.2Verification and Supervision IX-79.2.3.3Pre-construction Stage IX-79.2.3.4Construction Stage IX-79.2.3.50peration Stage IX-10

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION:

1. Pursuant to the objectives of the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to improve thewelfare of the population and to support the growth of economic activity by meeting

_ the electricity requirements in an efficient and reliable manner, the State ElectricityCorporation (PLN) has proposed to construct a coal-fired thermal power plant atBanjannasin, in the Torong Subdistrict of South Kalimantan, tinder the Outer IslandsPower Project. The proposed loan will be made to the 001. The proceeds of theloan would be onlent to PLN, which is responsible for the implementation of theproject.

- The project financing includes the procurement under suiitable export-credit/suppli-Cr's credit, of the boiler package, inclusive of coal and ash handling plants, andpossible cofinancing by the European Investment Bank and Australia. GOI/PLNwill meet the financing gap from their own internal resources.

2. The Electricity Act (Law No. 15 of 1985) defuies the legal framework for the elec-tricity subsector of Indonesia. The subsector comprises: (i) PLN, the State Electrici-ty Corporation; (ii) captive plants; (iii) rural electric cooperatives; and (iv) a largenumber of informal microenterprises providing electricity to rural customers not

- served by PLN. The provisions of the Electricity Act are amplified in GOI Regula-tion No. 17/1990 for PLN and No. 10/1990 for others. PLN was established as a

_ public corporation with responsibility for the generation, transmission, and distribu-tion of electricity, and the planning, construction and operation of electric supplyfacilities.

PLN is managed by a Board of Directors headed by a President Director, who isappointed by the President and is accountable to the Ministry of Mines and Energy.Operational responsibility devolves upon 17 regions, and the responsibility for mnajor

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oInstrcucOion UpOII 13 project managers. PLN has already appointed a projectmanager for the proposed Banjarmasin thermal power plant.

3. Since 1969, the Bank group nas provided about $ 4.1 billion for the power subsectorin Indonesia, through 3 MA credits, 18 loans, and one supplemental loan. ProjectPerformance Audit Reports and Project Completion Reports on fourteen projectshave been issucd. The reports have concluded that the objectives set out for theseprojects at appraisal have been achieved.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

4. A sizable deposit of lignite (165 MT proven, plus another 60 MT indicated) hasprompted PLN to build a mine-mouth thermaI power plant at Asam Asam, initiallywith two generating units of 65 MW each by the year 1998/99 and an ultimatecapacity of 660 MW by 2014, to cater to the continuing demand growth. StateElectricity Corporation (PLN), in association with their Consulting Engineers, haveconducted an environmental assessment (EA, of the proposed thermal power plantbased on the feasibility study and the preliminary design reports. The environmentalimpacts and their mitigation and monitoring measures, including a reseLtiement planfor the Project Affected Persons (PAP), that are planned to be undertaken to ensurethat the impacts are contained within the regulatory limits set by the Government ofIndoncsia and ffie World Bank, are summarized in this report.

-5. The proposed project, 130 km south of Banjarmasin, will be located about 12 kminland from the coastal area of South Kalimantan, in the village of Asain Asam. Theproject covers an area of about 1 10 ha. The project site is bounded to the west bythe Asam Asam river, to the north by the Baru river, a tributary of Asam Asam3 tothe east by a secondary forest (mostly tall grass field), and to the south by anothertributary of Asam Asam. The site will support an ultimate capacity of 660 MW,with 4 x 65 MW and 4 x 100 MW gencrating units, including the coal storage andash disposal areas, staff housing colony, electrical substation and administrativeoffice buildings, as well as the construction camp. A saw mill is located next to theproject site.

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6. Thie fuel for the mine-mouth power plant is lignite. The conicession for the coalmines is held by a private operator, PT Arutmin. PLN has already signed aMSemorandum of Understanding with PT Arutmin for the supply of coal to the powerplant at a cost of about US$ 0.90/MJ. The lignite is typically characterized by aheat value of about 4,000 kcallkg, an ash content of 3.0%, sulfUr 0.23%, and totalmoisture 35%.

7. Boiler and Turbine - The natural circulation boiler will be pulverized coal fired. 4coal pulverizers will be installed per boiler. Steam at 87 bar and 510SC will begenerated in the boiler and piped to the inlet of the steam turbine. Steam flow

through the turbine will correspond to about 270 tlh at full load of 65 MW. Thesteam will be condensed in a condenser and pumped back into the boiler through aseries of feed water heaters.

8. Cooling Water - The power plant will have a closed circuit cooling water system,with cooling towers, for the condensers. The make up water required for operation

will be drawn from ground aquifers, and treated chemnically before use. However,part of the makeup water could also be derived from the waste water treatment

plant, provided te efflucnt from the plant is of acceptable quality.

BASELINE DATA:

9. Geophysical - Climate, Physiology, HydrologyThe project site is located in a wet, tropical climate area. The local air is veryclean, as determined by actual measurements, and the content of particles and gasesis way below the threshold of the Standard Ambient air quality. The area surround-ing the projcct site is a lowland plain, with almost flat topography, with an elevationof 0-10 meter. The project site was once a rainforest. but this has been cut downmany years ago. It now mostly occupies swampy land owned by the government;only a small part to the west occupies abandoned rice fiLelds and upland areas, TheAsam Asam river, flowing north to south, empties into the lava sea. The riverwater is used by the local population living on the river bank for drinking, bathingand washing purposes. It also serves as a transportaton infrastructure for the locali-

ty.

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10. Soil

Soil analysis of the area indicates that it is mostly alluvial. Some latosol, a redtropical soil developed from the weathering of bedrock with Intensive leaching of itsnutrient elements, and some lateritic red-yellow podzolic soil, are also prcsent. Thelowland alluvial soil is not much different from the upland soil types except for itslow pH value, which is detrimental to vegetations. It Is particularly unfriendly topaddy cultivation, which has been tried in the past with unsatisfactory results.

11. Flora

Most of the project area is covered by the invasive tall grass Imperata cylindrica(alang alang), interspersed with uplands, orchards, and bushes. The rcmainingprimary forest in the northern part of this area is characterized by creeping vegeta-tion, and several species of trees that are continuously being reduced by the loggingoperations, The secondary forest consists of shrubs and bushes which have under-gone a succession of changes due to logging, cultivation, and wood cutting. Thepredjominantly swampy area is always inundated. Mangrove forests occupy the litto-ral areas, their density increasing towards the coast.

12. Fauna

Mammals found in the area are mostly wild pigs, some monkeys, wild cats, etc.There are many varieties of birds in the area, including falcons, hawks, parrots, andsinging birds. Lizards and water snakes, as well as some crocodiles, are also foundin the rivcrine areas. Aquatic bioca include varieties of fish.

13. Socio-economic Study

A total of 36 families, comprising 144 people, will be affected by the proposedproject. 26 families reside on the actual project area, while 10 families, belonging tothe same community, rcside on the other side of the rivcr, Most of the families inthis community are transmingrants, who once had jobs in the saw mill, but gave upfor various reasons. Presently, they eam their livelihood by making thatch roofsfrom nipak palm leaves, collecting scrap wood from the saw mill and selling it in thelocal market, and by fishing.

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IMPACTS:

14. The environmental impacts of the proposed project can be subdivided Into 3categories; (a) preconstruction, (b) construction and (c) post construction.

(a) Preconstruction:Preconstruction impacts include Investigative surveys, as well the processes ofland acquisition and resettlement.

(1) Construction:Land clearing and preparation, movement and operation of heavy constructionequipment, the extraction or borrow of local materals for constniction, thedisposal of spoil, and the- concentration of a fairly large construction labor force,many of whom may come from outside the local region, are the main impacts tobe expected during the construction stage.

(c) Post Construction or Operation:The expected environmental Impacts from the power plant will be caused by:gaseous emissions from the chimney liquid effluent and solid wastes from thepower plant, housing colony and office facilities.

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES:

15. In the electricity sector, GOT's policy of substituting the use of oil by hydro, geo-thermal, gas, and coal-based energy is resuldng in a mix with a higher percentage ofgeneration by these means. One of the major objectives of 6OI is to maximize thecountry's foreign exchange earnings and budgetary revenues from the sector, mainlythrough the export of tradeable energy resources, including oil, gas and coal. Lig-nite, the chosen fuel for the proposed plant, is not a tradeable commodity. Addi-tionally, it is cheap, the price being much lower than that of bituminous or sub-bituminous coals. The proposed mine-mouth location of the power plant makes it theleast-cost alternative.

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MIGITATION PLANS:

16. Gaseous Emissions:

The products of combustion are SOx, NOx, and CO1. Sulfurous oxides are producedduring combustion by the sulfur present in coal, nitrous oxides are produced by theinherent nitrogen in the fuel, as well as nitrogen In the air used for combustion,while carbon dioxide is the natural product of any combustion when carbon in thefuel unites with oxygen In the air.

17. Based on a 100-meter high chimney, dispersion modeling has been conducted usingthe USEPA's SCREEN Model. The predicted emissions at 660 MW generationlevel (ultimate plant capacity), and using the design coal, are as follows;

Constituent Max.Concentration GOI WBStandard Standard

Ag/m3 ,ugtm3 Ag(m3

S02 136.8 260 500

NOx 88.2 92.5 100

Dust 3.0 260 500

18. Based on the above results, it is concluded that flue gas desulfurization will not berequired; however, coal quality mnust be closely mnonitored to ensure that there is nosignificant increase of sulfur in raw coal. The regulatory limit with respect to SO2emission will be reached if the sulfur in coal should exceed 0.5%.

19. Although NOx emission is also indicated to be within the regulatory limits, low-NO,bumers will be installed in the boilers to reduce the nitrous oxide emissions. Excessair will be kept at the minimum required to help complete combustion in the boilers.

20. Electrostatic Precipitators will be installed in the boilers, specified to have a dustcollection efficiency of 99.7%. Fly ash discharged from the chimney in any 24-

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hour period, witlh Lhe power planit runninlg at full load, will approximnate 0.05 tonsonly for a total quantity of 640 tons of coal flred in the boilers.

_ 21. Liquid Effluent:

The liquid waste streams are; (a) water treatment plant drains; (b) demineralizerplant wastes; (c) boiler blowdown; (d) cooling tower blowdown; (e) power plantmiscellaneous drains; (f) run off and leachate from the coal and ash yards; and (f)sanitary wastes.

_ 22. Some of the liquid effluent will be neutralized in a neutralizing basin, while otherstreams in a waste water treatmcnt plIant, treated for the removal of oily wastes andheavy metals. The quality of the waste water treatment plant will comply withregulatory requirements. This water will then be used as makeup for the coolingtowers. It can also be used for spraying over the coal and ash piles to prevent dustnuisance, for gardening and such other purposes. In the event ash is disposed of inthe form of a slurry, the treated waste water from the waste water treatment plant isa convenient source for that purpose. The sanitary wastes will be treated in asewage treatment plant.

23. Solid Wastes:

The solid wastes are fly ash and bottom ash from the boilers anid fugitive dust in thecoal and ash handling facilities, and the water treatmnent plants. PT Aruemin hasprovisionally agrced to accept the ash back for reburial, backfill and reclamationpurposes at the site of the mine. There will thus be no significant build-up of ash onsite for any longer than a short period of time. Ncvcrtheless, the coal and ash han-dling facilities, as well as the water treatment plants, will be designed to include dustmitigation measures. Water will be sprayed over the coal pile, as well as the ashdisposal area, to nitigate fugitive dust nuisance. If at any time PT Arutmin s trucksshould break down or they cannot have the ash back for some reason, ash will bedisposed of in an ash disposal area, sized to accept ash for the next 30 years, Afurther possibility, because of its pozzolanic properties, is that fly ash could find useas an admixture to cernent to the extent of 25-309%. The market for fly ash utiliza-tion is yet to develop in Indonesia.

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24. Other Impacts

The plant is located in a sparsely populated rural area, the fence several hundredmeters from the plant, and the nearest community even further away. Neverthless,all power plant equipment will be designed for a maximum allowable noise level of85 dBA at 1 meter from the equipment. The PLN guideline of maximum 60 dBA at

the fence will apply.

OSHA regulations are enforced for the safety of workers and strictly monitored.The plant design will include provisions for handling emergency situations that mightbe caused by chemical spills, fires, etc. At the stage of writing and prior to comple-tion of the Detailed Design, it is not known what chemicals willl be used. In gereral,however, the safe use and storage of toxic chemicals and other dangerous substancesare regulated by legislation coming from the Departments of Industry and the Envi-ronment (Clause B3).

Socio-economic and Public Health

Even though a number of workers, especially of the skldled categories, will comefrom outside the locality, wbich could be cause for initial resentment, the localpeople will be enriched by the interaction of culture with the outsiders, as well astransfer of skills. Some of the local people will find work in the construction of thepower plant; their income level will rise as result of the project.

Flora and Fauna110 ha of land clearing will have insignificant negative impact on the flora species.The land is basically parched during the dry season, covered at other times mostly ingrass and scrubby bush, and some occasional strands of taller trees. The areainvolved is reladvely small. The fauna will migrate and relocate in other areas.

25. Transmission Lincs:

- Double-circuit 150 kV transmission lines will be conlstructed between the powerplant and Cempaka substation, about 75 km away, and between Cempaka and Td-sakti substations, about 43 km apart. The spread of the impact is along the right-of-

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way (ROW), 50 rn on either side of thc transmission lines. A separate EA hats been

performed for the proposed high voltage trnsmission lines. There are no significantimpacts indicated, based on the proposed ROW.

26. Coal Mine Development:

An EA report was prepared by PT Amutmin for the coal mines, and has subsequendybeen revised to address concems on water quality. The coal mine development hasno resettlement component.

RESETTLEMENT PLAN:

27. The PAPs (36 families on the power plant site) will be resettled in a inanner such asto receive positive benefits from the project, tinder a plan that has been conccived asa development program. PLN has prepared a comprehensive resettlement plan inconsultation with the affected people, the host cominunity, NGO and Governmentofficials, indicating budget provision, time schedulc for implementaton, and organi-zational responsibility. The plan is based on the Presidential decree 5511993 and theBank's guidelines. The underlying principle is that the compensation and rcsettle-ment will be such as to assist the PAPs to improve their former living standards,income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least to restore them.

The majority of the people in this hamlet have immigrated from other places. As thehamlet has been established on government land, none of the families have anyformal titles to their land. The houses are of basic construction, rough-sawn tinber,with one or two large rooms, and a small veranda facing the main pathway. Someof the houses have add on kitchens. Many have planted fruit-bearing trees in theirback yards, as well as the area in the immediate vicinity of the hamlet. PLN iscommitted to building houses for resettlemeLit that will have plot sizes no smallerthan the current holdings. They will also have some open spaces so that those whowant to grow fruit trees can do so.

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The design of Lhe houses will be such that it is acceptable to tlle PAPs and uses asmuch local material as possible. PLN has also made provision for education andtraining of those PAPs who may wish to acquire new skills. These may includeapprenticeship or training in vocational schools. For those of the PAPs engaged inthe nipa leaf business, PLN will offer credit facilities and help set up a cooperativesociety to better organize the trade. The compensation amounts and resettlementterms will be finalized by a "Local Team", comprising government departmiient offi-cials, the subdistrict administrator, the village head, and the PAP in accordance withKepres 55 and the Bank's guidelines for Involuntary resettlement. These will alsoinclude compensation for the fruit bearing trees. A complete resettlement plan, withbudget cost, and implementation plan has been prepared.

28. The implementationi of the resettleiment plan will be completcd ovcr a period of 18months and well ahead of the construction of the power plant PLN will appoint aResettlement Officer to coordinate the resettlement process. The financing of theresettement will be the responsibility of PLN. An area north of the project site hasbeen earmarked, in consultation with the PAPs, for resettlement. The location ofthe new site is near the nipah leaf resources, and also near the project road. Ar-

- rangements for infrastructure facilities such as roads, drinking waLer supply to thenew site and sanitation, will be made by PLN.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION:

29. Monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement plan will be done by an independent- body, consisting of local GOI officials, the university, NGO group, PAP representa-

tives, and PLN management and coordinated by Resettlement Officer appointed byPL. The independent body will undertake periodic monitoring of the implernenta-don of the resetdement plan, ildentify issues affecting program implementation forattention of project management, and formulate further action plans to improve theprogram.

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PUBLIC PARTICIPATION:

30. A public consultation was held by PLN on 23 October 1993 at the project site. Some66 persons attended the presentation, including 38 from the hamlet itself. 4 NOOsoperating in South Kalimantan were also in attendance, besides officials of the localgovernment, the saw mill, and PLN. One of the NGO representatives acted as themoderator for the meeting. During the consultation process, PLN agreed to providefor every family: (a) a similar-sized plot of land and a new house, similar to orbetter than their prescnt one and (O) full compensation for the tree crop they would

_ have to abandon. PLN would also give preference to the local people during con-struction based on their skills and experience. PT-N further agreed to finance theconstruction of the necessary infrastructure in the new settlement area to assure,inter alia, the availability of water for household purposes, roads, paths and electric-

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E 7~~~~~~~~~0

CHAPTER I

1.0. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND

The essence of development is in fact a human endeavor to tlpgrade their standard ofliving by proper utilization of resources and technologies. The rising demands dueto increasing living standards have to be met by the increasing consumption of natu-ral resources. On the other hand, the uneven distribution of the resources, if notefficiently exploited, will create an environmental deterioration.

Every activities of development have the potential for creating positive as well asnegative impacts. The Indonesian Development Program is intended to be a wiselyplanned, environmentally conscious and sustainable effort to exploit resources, andto minimize the negative impacts of such exploitation in order to increase the livingstandard of the people. To reach that goal, it is very important that the anticipatedimpacts of any developmental activities are properly evaluated from the initialstage.

The environmcntally conscious developmental policy is already contained in theGBHN 1988 - 1993, in which it is expected that it should be a harmony betweenman and his Creator, and man and his natural environmnent. Management of thenatural resources and environments is then has to be pointed toward the harmoniesbetween environments and the conservation of their life-supporting functions, so thata great benefits could be produced for the prosperity of the people, for the presenttime as well as for the future.

In acmordance with the National Energy Policy, several kind of energy sources suchas hydro, Oil, Natural gas, coal and geothermal have been exploited. Since oil is stilla major source of state revenue and its availability is quite limited, the NationalE:nergy Policy has stressed the importance of diversification. More efforts have to bemade to utilize resources other than petrolcum, which are: hydropower, gas, coal,geothermal, solar, wind, biomass and biogas and even nuclear energies. Amongstthe above mentioned sources of energy, coal-fuelled fire power has good prospectsin Indonesia.

An important yardstick of success in the development of electrical energy is theavailability of ample supply of affordable high quality electrical power for all peo-

pie.

According to the data from Statc Electricity Corporation (PL.N = Perusahaan UmumListrik Negara) Region VI it is known that the total electrical energy production in

South Kalimantan Region up to 1991/1992 was 447,976 MWH with peak loadexceeding 70,564 MWH. lb reach tliis goal, the PLN plans to construct Banjarma-sin Mine Mouth Steam Power Plant in the Mine Miouth area, South Kalimantan withgenerating capacity up to 660 MW in the year 2000.

Construction of a Coal Fired Power Plant itself has to be supported by dcvelopmentand application of high technology as well as should be In harmony with the sur-rounding environment, in order to prevent it from pollution. This siLuation has to bestressed since the Steam Power Plant will utilize coal as its fuel. Therefore, anenvironmental impact analysis study has to be done in the planning stage to estimnatewhatevcr impacts that might happcn, so that counter measures to prevent negativeimpacts and to enhance positive oncs can be prepared.

INDONESIAN ELECTRICITY ACT

The Electricity Act (Law No. 15 of 1985) defines the legal framework for the elec-tricity subsector of Indonesia. The subsector comprises: (i) PLN, the State Electrici-ty Corporation; (ii) captive plants; (iii) rural electric cooperatives; and (iv) a largenumber of informal microenterprises providing electricity to rural customers notserved by PLN. The provisions of the Elcctricity Act are amplified in GOI Regula-tion No. 1711990 for PLN and No. 10/1990 for others. PLN was established as apublic corporation with responsibility for the generation, transmission, and distribu-tion of electricity, and the planning, construction and operation of electric supplyfacilities. PLN is managed by a Board of Directors headed by a President Dircctor,who is appointed by the President and is accountable to the Ministry of Mines andEnergy. Operational responsibility devolves upon 17 regions, and the responsibility

for major construction upon 13 project managers. PLN has already appointed aproject manager for the proposed Banjarmasin tlhermal power plant.

CHAPTER 11

2.0. POLITICAL, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. EXISTNG LEGISLATION

Based on an integrated national policy, the Government of Indonesia has issuedlegislation containing basic regulations for the management and utilization of naturalresources and the environment. Proceeding from this legislation are further govem-ment regulations (Undang-undang) and ministerial decisions (Kepmen).

The succession of legislation which has been enacted by the Govemment coveringthe management of natural resources, environment and associated matters is summa-riled as follows:

1. Legislation No. 20, 1961, concerning the Annulment of Land Righits and objectsthereon.

2. Legislation of the Republic of Indonesia No.5, 1969 concerning Basic ForestryMatters.

3. Presidential Instrucrion No. 9, 7973 concerning the Implementation of rde Lawof Annument of Loand Rights and Objects thereon.

4. Regulation of the Minisrry of Inrernal Affairs No. 15, 1975 concerning theProcedures for Land Acquisition.

5. Government Regulation No. 36, 1979 concerning tde Production of ElectricalEnergy.

6. Legislation No. 4, 1982, concerning the Basic Regulations on the Managementof the Natutral Environment.

7. Legislation No. 15, 1985, concerning Electrncal Energy.8. Govenunent Residation No. 28, 1985 concerning Forest Conservation.9. Government Regulation No. 29, 1986, concerning (he Assessment of Environ-

menrtal Impacts.10. Decision of tde Minister of Forestry No. 280/Kpts/l/1986 concerning Efforts to

Prevent and Overcome Forest and Forest Product Deterioration due to Natrial,Pest and Disease Causes.

_ 11. Decision of the Minister of Forestry No. 353/Kpts/1/1.986 concerning theRegulation of Distances for Land Clearing and Tree Felling from Springs,Ravine Edges, Reservoirs, Lakes, Rivers and Tributaries within Forested Areas.

12. Decision of the Minister of the Environment No. 49IMENKUJ/6187 and50/M-ENKLHI6/87. Guidelines on the Decision of Important Impacts, includingall the Appendtxes.

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13. Decision of the Minister of Mlinies and Energy No. 0935/1K/W8/N.PE1)988, 31stAugust, 1988: Technical Guidelines on the Composition and Presentation ofEnvironmerual lfornation and Environmental hipact Assessmaents in the Elec-trical Energy Sec:or, including Appendix 110: Rchnlcal Guidelines on Prepar4-lion of Envi ronmentat Impact Assessmentfor Fired Powver Generating PlantProjecu.

14. Decision of the State Minister of Human Settleinent and Environment No. KEP.-02/MENKLHhI9S8, January 1988 concerning Guidelines on EnvironnmentalQualiry.

15. Government Regulation No. 20, 1990 dated Jutly 5th, 1990 on tire Regulation ofRWer Pollution.

16. Leg/sIadon of the Repuiblic of Indonesia No 5, 1990, concerning the Conserva-tion of Organic Resoutres and thetr Ecosystens.

17. Presidential Decision No. 20, 1990 concerning die Policy on Granting the Rig/tof Foresc Fsploitadion.

18. Presidential Decision No. 32, 1990 concerninlg the Managenient of ProtectedAreas.

19. Decision of the Minister of Forestry No. 861/Kpts-W/1990 concerning rheAddition of Appendix co the Decision of the Minister of Agriculture No.54/Kps/2IlJm/1n992 concerning the Basics of Protected Forests.

20. Government Regulation No. 51,1993 dared October 23rd 1993 (This legblatonreplaced Government Regutation No. 29, 1986).

2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

2.21. Policy on Environmental Management

Development is an effort to wisely manage and utilize resources which are limited in

terms of quantity and quality. On the other hand there is an ever-increasing pressureon natural resources, as a consequence of population increase. If natural resourcesare not exploited wisely, this can arfect the ability of the environmental to supportsuch exploitation and degrade the quality of the environment itself.

In order to implement environmentally conscious development, policies and regula-tions have been implemented during the Repelita V relating to the effect of demo-graphic developments (including waste disposal management), the inventory, evalua-tion, conservation and utilization of natural resources and environments, the rehabili-tation of critical lands, the conservation of designated areas within an ecosystem, theupgrading of environTnental quality and the development of environmentally orientedmanagement systems All of these policies will continue during Repelita VI.

This Environmental Impact Assessment of the Banjarmasin Mline Mouth Coal SteamPower Plant Project is an effort to meet the requirements of existing legislation andregulations. Moreover, it demonstrates the implementation of government policyregarding environmentally conscious development programs. The implementation ofthe policy can be observed especially in the Environmental Management Plan andEnvironmental Monitoring Plan for the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam PowerPlant.

2.2.2. Project Implementation and Environmental Jmpacts

The pre-construction, construction and operation stages of the Mine Mouth CoalFired Power Plant will include physical as well as non-physical activities, and willinvolve equipment, materials and technologies which carry a potential to change,impact or pollute the natural environment. The interaction of several constructionactivities with environmental implications, whether these be geophysical, biotic,socio-economic or cultural, will cause changes in the environment, and conversely,the environment will also impact upon t'he project.

2.2.2.1. Environmental Impacts on the SPP Project

Geographic and demographic factors in the area surrounding the Coal Steam PowerPlant (SPP) site will have some impacts on the plant itself, since it will be locatcdnext to saw mills.

2.2.2.2. Impacts of the Power Platnt on the Environment

The impacts of the Coal Fired Steam Power Plant on the environment can be subdi-vided into three stages: pre-construction, during construction and post constructionstages.

Pre constnrction:

Significant impacts during the pre-construction stage will be socio-economic notphysical, and will include: (i) those caused by feasibiLity studies and surveys and (ii).those due land acquisition and resettlement.

Negative effects may include:

1. The carrying out of surveys and data collection during the prc-constrtiction mayengender the spread of rumors among the local people, resulting in negativeside effects such as demands for unrealistically high compensation rates.

2. Social strains due to posible lack of satisfaction with compensation received orrelocation plans,

Constnrction:

Impacts during the construction stage may include:

1. Supply of labor2. Mobilization and utilization of construction equipment and materials3. Land clearing and preparation.4. Extraction and borrow of local construction materials.5. Construction of the main structures of the Power Plant.

During the construction stage there will be both positive or negative impacts. Posi-tive impacts are anticipated to include:

1. The availabilitry of new jobs.2. Construction of new roads, will increase the mobility of local people, leading

to:3. An increase in economic activities, purchasing power and money tlow.

Negative impacts include:

1. Unplanned settements2. Soil erosion3. Deteriortion of village roads4. Air pollution through dust in certain places5. Visual pollution/damage to aesthetic valucs.

Positivc im1pacts will inc1luJe:

1. The availability of electricity to the local and wider community The availabilityof electrical energy will enhance economic activity in the industrial and othersectors.

2. Improved purchasing power in the area due to spending of the wage-earningPowea Plant employees, assuming the plant mangermena pursues a policy of localpurchase for the same quality.

3. Improvement in the flow of informadon from central government or from urbanareas to rural people, and vice versa. This situation will widen the knowledgeand widen th perceptions of local common people to national issues.

Negative impacts will include:

1. Whilst the experience gained on this project by some workers will help themfind alternative employment in construction projects elsewhere in Indonesia, dueto sustained developmental activities in the country for years to come, neverhte-less lay-offs can be expected for many of the local construction work force,especially for unskilled laborers, and thus the social consequences of a return tounemployment should be anticipated. To mitigate these effects, provision willbe made for vocational training in altemative income-producing activities, basedon individual preferences, for those who request it.

2. Production of ash and smoke due to the burning of coal. Unless properly con-trolled, this could lead to decrease of air quality. Latest technology used.

3. Spills of oil or lubricant. These must be treated in an environmentally acceptablemanner to prevent potential pollution.

4. Seapage of leachate from the ash piles. This will need to be effectively treated toprevent contaminatior. of groundwater around those places.

S. Enclave development within the powerplant enclosure. Although the generationof local electricity is a clear benefit, somne communities living in villages near

the project may not be able to perceive benefits from rlte project, or if tlhey do,_ this may be niiiinizcd by their inability to take advantage of new possibilities

arisinig from tie project, due to their lack of education and/or skills. While sucha syndrome can never be entirely avoided, mitigation will entail the adoption bymanagement of a pclicy of buying local wherever quality is sufficient.

2.3. AIMS AND SCOPE THE DIPACT ASSESSMENT

2.3.1. Aims

The aims of the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Banjarniasin Mine Mouth

Coal Steam Power Plant, are as follows:

1. Ib inventorize and describe the baseline cnvironmental profile within the projectsite and surrounding arcas, especially components which are most likely to bcaffected by the project. Such components Include geophysical, biotic, socio-economic and sociocultural and public health.

2. To identify the significant environmental impacts caused by the Fired PowerGenerating Plant within the project site and surrounding areas, at every stage ofdevelopment from pre-construction to operation, focussing on those aspects thatare expected to have significant impacts on the geophysical, biotic, health,socio-economic and socio-cultural environments. Conversely, to identify theimpacts of the environment on the project,

3. Where negative impacts are concerned, to recomme,id suitable mitigationmeasures, i.e measures which are implementable, use appropriate technologyand are in balance with human and environmental absorption capacity.

4. To specify a follow-up Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMOP), identifyingitems to be monitored, staff responsible and frequency.

5. To specify an Environmental Management Plan (EMAP) where separate and-distinct from the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

H -6

2.3.2. Scoipe of the Sitidy

2.3.2.1. Areal Boundary

The Environmental Tmpact Assessment (ANDAL) of the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth

Coal Steam Power Plant encompasses those areas which are estimated to sufferimpacts. Three different sorts of boundaries may be identified: (i) the project bound-ary (limits of technical activities) (ii) the ecological boundary (geophysical, biotic,socio-economlic & socio-cultural limits) and (Iii) the administrative boundary (rela-

tionships with the local government).

Project Boundary

The Banjarmasin MIine Mouth Coal Stcam Power Plant is located about 12 kilome-ters from the coast, in the village of Asarn-Asam, Jorong Sub District, Tanah LautRegency.

The project boundary covers about 110 hectares (Fig 2.1), including the central

buildings area, control office, pumping stadon1 cooling water storage, stack, coolingwater intake from Asam-Asam river, water treatment plant, chlorination plant, coal

conveyor, ash conveyor, stack yard and also the areas along the transmission lines.

Ecological Boundary

The ecological boundary of the Mine Mouth Steam Power Plant is defined by the

watershed of Asam-Asanm river and the ecosystems which exist in that area, i.e. the

boundaries of the socio-economic and sociocultural activities of the local people, thefloral and faunal ecosystems, and the affected waterways, i.e the navigation channel

through the Asam-Asam river down to the estuary (Fig 2.2).

Adndnistrative Boutndary

The administrative boundary of the project is defined by lhe the area of Asam-Asamvillage, Muara Asam-Asam of Kecamatan Jorong, Pandansari of Kecmatan Kintap,and Tanah Laut Regency (Fig 2.3).

2.3.2.2. Study Components

The Environmental Assessmcnt of Mine Mouth Steam Power Plant encompasses 3basic environmental components as follows:

A. Pbysical Components

Climate and weather

a) Climatic components that should be identiried include climatic type, temperature(maximum, minimum, average), humidity, rainfall, rainfall days, wind condi-dons (direction and speed).

b) Air quality, either in the source or the area surrournding the plant locality, suchas SO,, NO1, CO and ash contents.

c) Source and degree of noise and its periodicity.

Physiography and geology

Important physiographic and geologic data to be idcntiffcd arc:

a) Topography, physiography, geology and seismic information on the plant siteand its surrounding area.

b) Type and characteristic of the soils.

This information is presented as map of appropriate scale and in accordance with the

need of this study.

Hydrology

a) Groundwater potential and fluctuation at the end of wet and dry seasons.

b) Surface and groundwater quality.c) Average, maximum and minimum discharges during the wet and dry seasons,

IT S

30

and also concurrent flood discharge of Asamn*Asam river.d) Hydro-oceanographic data, including tidal pattern.c) Erosion and Sedimentation.

Use of Land and Space

a) Inventory of land use and existing rcsourccs around the plant locality.b) Land ownership, ownership pattern and land exploitation at the proposed Steam

Power plant site.

B. Terrestrial and Aquatic Blota (Flora and Fauna)

Tdentification of terrestrial as well as aquatic biologic resources will make use ofprimary field data collection as well as secondary data such as:

a) Composition, abundance and areal extent of floral and faunal types and theireconomic as well as ecologic importance, including protected species.

b) Habitat of rare fauna and flora which might be negatively impacted by theSteam Power Plant.

Flora

a) Biogeomatic zone map of natural vegetation within and around plant locality,to illustrate the probability of the occurrence of a indigenous tropical communi-

ty.

b) Description of several plant communities, either natural or man-made, whichare found on and around the plant locality, such as dryland crops. These will bedescribed in terms of their composition, uniqueness and benefits for (I) humaneconomy and ecology and (ii) food and habitat of wild fauna (iii) aesthetics (iv)recreation (v) economic.

Ty a

Fauna

a) Estimate of areal extent, migration pattern, population density of importantanimals (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) for their economic,ecologic and aesthetic value. Important species animals will be listed, togetherwith a description of their relation and significance to human beings and theenvironment.

b) Threats or pressure, if any, to the habitats of the above will be described, andmitigation measures suggested.

c) Description of rare species, if any, and the means of safeguarding their life andhabitats after project operation.

C. Socio-cultural and Socio-economic Components

The socio-cultural and socio-economic baseline profile on local people within the- planned project locality will include;

a) Demographic profile: population density, structure, heterogeneity, existing lifestyle, age structure, gender ratios.

b) Source of income, employment opportunities and mobility.c) Education.d) Healthe) Customs anid cultural values.

2.3.2.3. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Assessment

Environmental impacts from the Mine MouLh Steam Power Plant and its transmis-sion lines can be analyzed dtring the three main project stages i.e. pre construction,construction and operation stages.

Pre-Consmcdion Stage

Environmental impacts during the pre-construction phase are slight, but neverthelessinclude potential impacts caused by the survey, land acquisition and resettlementprocesses. Inflated land prices and mild local unrest may occur. Potential negative

impacts at this stage must be rlitigated by thc procer process ol information d1istribu-tion, consultation and joint planning with the local community, with the assistance of (the local govemment and NGO s.

Construcnon Stage

Activitics during the construction phase which have potential impacts include;a) Workforce mobilization and procurementb) Equipment mobilizationc) Land clearing and preparationd) Extracdon and borrow of local construction materialse) Construction of infrastructure and buildingsf) Installation and commissioning of equipment.

Possible negative impacts from the above activities have been listed in Section2.2.2.2 above, and include:

1. Unplanned setlements

2. Soil erosion and/or compacting3. Dctcrioration of village roads4. Air polludon through dust in certain places5. Visual pollution/damage to aesthetic values.

As stated above in Section 2.2.2.2, positive impacts during the construction phasewill include the availability of new jobs, increased mobility through construction ofnew roads and an increase in economic activities, purchasing power and moneyflow.

Post-Construction or Operational Stage

Activities wlhich have impacts on the environment during the operation phase includethe supply of electrical energy, lay-off of the work force, settlement of the employ-ccs and their activities, di.sposal of wastewater, airborn ash as well as ash leachate,and the potential creation of an clave socicty.

This stage will see the commcncement of coal burning as fuel for electrical ernergygeneration. Ash contains silica (SiO.), iron (Fe1O3), aluminum oxide (A1203),calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sodium oxide (Na;O), potassiumoxide (K0O), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and phosphate pentaoxid (P205).

As stated above, there will be very little standing ash lefL around the site, since Itwill be taken back to the mine site by P.T Arutmin. However, heavy rains duringthe waiting and storage period or even the hosing down of ashi ppiles waiting fortransportation may cause leachatemeasures will be nceded to ensure that leachatefrom ash does not contaminate groundwater.

Lay-offs of local or migrant workers may leave some people restless and dissatis-

fied, leading to petty crime and creation of shanty towns.

2.3.3. Research Methodology

2.3.3.1. Data Collection Metbodology

In order to inventorize the environmental baseline profile at the project site andsurrounding areas, primary as well as secondary data was collected using standardmethodologies for the relevant sciences.

Primary data for the physical, biotic, socioeconomic, sociocultural and public healthenvironments were collected in the field at predetermined sampling points. In thiscase, the lucal human population in thie project site area become the main focus ofthe study.

A. Climate and Air Qualty.

General

The objective of this subsection was to understand climatic conditions prevailing inthe project area. Primary as well as secondary data were used as the basis of calcula-tions. This data included air tempcrature, speed and wind direction, humidity, rain-

faU, barometric pressure, and rainfall activity.

"7

To measure air quality, direct observations were made using dust and gas samplcrs.Similar methods were used for air tempeature and dcgree of noise level.

Air pollution has no distinct boundary and is more extensive than water pollution.Basically, the sources of air pollution can be subdivided into two groups, which are:

1. Stationary sources : a fixed point or such as a coal burner, indtustrial chimney,volcanic explosion, etc.

2. Moving sources: such as vehicles and other means of transportation.

There are two groups of air pollutant, namely: (1) gas and (2) particles. Gas pollu-tants contain SOx, NOx, CO. Excessive doses of these are injurious to humanbeings, animals and plants. They also cause acid rains. Particles can be solid orliquid, whose molecule di.-meter is less than 500 A (Angstrom). In this case, solidparticles will be the ash discharged with the smoke coming out of the stack, andfugitive dust from the coal yard, coal handling facilities and ash disposal yard.

Sampling of air quality

1. Samples for air quality werc taken considering the wind direction and speed andalso the height of the stack. The distribution of sample localities are as follows:Four samples were taken to the north, south, west and east from project site,bascd on the assumption that a change of wind direction influences the degree ofdispersal of CO, SOx, NOx (see Fig. 2.4), bcsides other elements connectedwith air quality (sce Appendix 4).

; 2. The locality should be a place where it is possible to take measurements in anyweather condition without impairing the measuring equipment

3. Should a diesel engine be used, it should be locatcd at least 25 meters from thesampling locality to prevent contamination from the exhaust.

p-

,'

B. Hydrology

1. Samples were taken using water samplers, and were done in accordance withfuture role as discharges from water cooling process.

2. The degree of dispersion was also taken into consideration, since it directlyrelates to the amount of waste to be discharged. 10 samples were taken from theriver, 2 from swamp water and 4 from the ground water (Fig. 2.5).

C. Physiography and Geology

Observations on physiography, geology, erosion and landscape modification due toborrowing, filling and hauling earth material were done, based on maps producedand available in the feasibility study.

D. Soil and land use

Soil sampling was done to verify the soil type and texture in the surveyed area.Samples were taken on the project site, inlet and outlet areas, and in the agriculturallocality. The total number of sampIes taken was 7, from 5 sampling points, withdepths of 30 and 50 cm on respective point (Fig 2.6).

Data on land usc within the arca of project was obtained from a Land Use Mappublished by the Directorate of Land Use (Pig. 2.7). This map serves as a basis forland use interpretation, together with results of direct field observation,

B. Flora

Studies on vegetation were based on grid samples taken from the project area. Inorder to identify the general floral composition in the project site and surroundingarea, all main plant types, both aquatic or terrestrial, were recorded together withtheir individual numbers. Rare species, as well as those unique to this area, werealso identified. A further aim is to identify plant species with economic potential, i.especies that can be used as building materials, types that are unique to this particulararea and types with rare status.

F. Fauna

Methods used in the faunal study include interview, inventory, catching/trapping and

track observation methods.

InYentory

Inventories were carried out at and around the Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power plant

site. The procedure includes traversing different arcas with faunal potential. The

traversed area were mostly settlement areas or villages. During the traverse, records

were made on the faunal type, total population and description of the habitat.

Intefvlv

The interview method was used to complement and complete the direct inventory.Interviews were carried out with people who have broad kIowledge on the fauna in

the site of Banja-rmasin Mine NIouth Coal Steam Power Plait.

0. Aquaricfauna

The aquatic biota surveyed includes larger species such as fish, planktons and ben-

thos. Direct observation is qualitative and done by interviewing the fisherman.

Planktonsf

Planktons samples were taken with # 25 plankton net. The samples were stored in

plastic bottles filled with 4 % formalin. Diversity index calculations were performed

using the formula of Shannon and Wiener (1963).

BenthoI

An Eckman dredger ( 20 x 20 cm) was used in the field to take benthic samples.

Samples were stored in plastic bags and preserved with 4 % formalin. Subsequently,

all samples were analyzed for total count and type.

1H. Soclocuftural, Socioeconomic atnd Pub/ic Healthi

The socio-cultural, socioeconomic and public health situation was surveyed by inter-views with selected local respondents, focussing on local cuslorns, institutions, art,archeology and social unrest. Selection of respondents was ralndomiized.

RegiQrlontex

Data on the regional context was based on survey and secondary data analysis. Thesurvey was carried out by means of direct observation in the field. Importnt aspectsof the regional context include: utilization of transportation, infrastructure andpublic welfare. Secondary data was collected from different sources such as village,subdistrict and regency statistical offices, and other related offices concerned wJithregional matters.

Demographic Aspect

Demographic aspects were studied for areas considered to be affected by the impactsof the project. The aims of the study were:

1. To find out total population, population increase, density and population struc-ture within the study area.

2. To record participadon of labor force.3. To understand the socio-conomic status of local pcople in connection with the

construction of Banjarmasin ,Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant, listing theirother sources of income.

Healthasprcts

Health matters wer. studied using the household survey method, i.e interviewing

several heads of households widtin the project site. The surveyed variables are:

1. Public health status2. Environmental hygiene3. Public health service4. The extent of disease spreading

36

As the project locality is near the main road betweeni Asain-Asam and Banjarimiasin,which constitutes settlement area, observation on the healtl situation bcgan from tho

project site to the vilage of Asam-Asam.

2.3.3.2. Data Analysis iMethods

A. Air Quality and Noise level

Analysis lethod

a) Air containing S02, NO, and CO gases. The degree of pollution was determinedby channelling through a selective medium with a suction pump. A spectropho-tometer was then used to analyze the air voltu.e.

b) CO was analyzed with NDIR or CO ineter.

c) Dust/particle content was analyzed using filter paper fixed over the filtrationapparatus. The weight of saturated papers is then compared with unused filters,and read as: mg/m3 .

Standards for ambient air quality can be sumnarized as follows:

Parameter Avg. time Standard Method of EquipmentQuality Analysis

1 SO 24 hours 0.10 ppm Pararosanilin SpectraphotometerC260 gWnS)

2 CO 8 hours 20.00 ppm NDIR NDIR Analyzer(2.260 9/13)

3 NOx 24 hours 0.10 ppm SaLtzman Spectrophotometer

4 Dust 24 hours 0.26 ppm Gravimotric HI - voL

5 Pb 24 hours 0.06 ppm Gravimetric HI - volExtractive dusting AAS

6 K $ 30 minutes 0.003 ppm Mercury- Spectrophotometer2 C40 mglmt) thiocyanate

7 NH3 24 hours 2.00 ppm Nesster SpectrophotometerC1360 gmI)

Notes: - Averaging times are based on the geometric means of hourLy measurements.- H2S standurd is not vatid in areas containing naturaL HZS.- *) : suggested- HI-voL High Votume Sampling Method- AAS : Atomic Absorption Spectrophatometer- C G as Chromatograph

- NDIR ; Non-Dispersive Infra Red

Tr - 17

Prediclion of air quality is comiiptiLed by calcula;ting thli Oispersioa of ilyaslh afidburned gases. This model is depicted as a screen, developcd by thc USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency) bascd on the Gauiss formulaillusated in Figure 21.

Flguie 2.1

1.

-exp e Xp 2+eP 2Cui,y.z) q -- *(C-) C C-) - ' C-) )

2 wv136 2 6 2 62 z

C : Concentration of polluting substance on land surface (Jgr/hm3).Q Amount of the pollutant linessem (pugrlO3)c : a=3.14159U ; Average wind spees at effective st-nck height (ni/sec)ay : Horizontal Dispersal coefficieat (m)6z : ertical Dispersal Coefficccnt (in)X D Direct distanice of wind accessibility (m)

Y ; Horizontal distance from thc central plume (in)Z ; height above the ground (in)exp Exponent (2.71822813)I : Effective stack heightH + h,where h - rcal stack hciglt

- h heighL of tihc pluwe

'o

IHpLIt variables for rhe simulaxtion model arc as follows:

- Coal characteristic- Emission speed and temperature- Height and diameter of chimney

- leteorological condition

Outputs are the maximtum ground concentration and the distance from the source(chimney).

d) Noise levels were measured with a sound level meter having a range of: 50 -120 dBA.

B. Water Quality

Composite water samples were prepared for field and laboratory analyses. Somesamples are preserved with the addidon of chloride mercury (H1C-1); concentratednitric acid (HNO3) unitil pH S less than 2; and concentrated sulfatc acid (H2SO4).Water samples were stored in clean polyethylene bottles. Direct meastiremnents In thefield include temperature, electrical conductivity, and DO.

Water quality parameters were differentiated into 3 groups, i.e physical, chemicaland biological. Analyses for those paxametcrs were done both in the field aid in thelab. Field analyses included determinaL1on of pH, free C02, alkalinity, temperature,electrical conductivity and salinity. Determination of phosphatcs and nitrates weredone using water samples preserved with addition of HgCl, not longer than 8 hours,and compared with the tinpreserved 'nter. Paramcters, analytical methods andequipment used for waLer quality determination for industrial and electrical energypurposes are tabulated as follows:

Parameters Unit Analytical EquipmentsMethods

Physical parameters

temperature oC contraction thermometercolour Pt, Co colorimetry colorimeter

*pectrophotometric spectrophatometersmell - organoleptic -tasteturbidity NTU turbtdimetric turbidimetersoluble residue mg/L gr.avimetric analytical ba-

lance & filter -paper 0.45 um

TT 11%

Chemical pitanatera

piH unit potcanulomwtric pil9rtt;wrDaeiuill (i.) ppm gravimetria analyt.zal ba-

lnce & filter -paper 0.45 um

Iron (Fe) ppm *retrovhotomeric uprctrophotomnterNotmLe abcorption kAAipectrophotometr t

Manganese (Mn) mg/L epectrophotomerto spectrophotom.teratomia absorption UASupeotrophotometric

Copper (Cu) mg/L upectrophotomeric apectrophotometeratomic absorption AP;apectrophatometric

zinc (Zn) mgfL upeotrophotomeric mpectrophotometeratomic abeorptton AASspectrophotometric

Chrome (Cr) mg/L apectrophotomerLc apectrophotometeratomic absorption AAS*peotrophotometric

Cadmium (Cd) m9/L l*pectrophotomwrLc spectrophotonesteratomic absorption AAS*pectrophotometric

Parameter. Unlt Analytical EquipmentsMethods

Total Hg mg/L upectrophotomoric *pectrophotometzeratomic abuorption AASapectrophotometric

Lead (Pb) mg/L upectrophotomertc *pectrophotometeratomic absorptLon AMSspectrophotometric

TLble contLnued

Parameters Unit Analytical EquLpmentsmethods

Arsenics (As) mg/L spectrophotomeric spectrophotometeratomic abuorption ASspeatrophotometric

Cyanids (Cn) mg/L spectrophotomeric spectrophotometerSuifides (5) mg/L titrimetric buret

spectrophotomeric spectrophotometerFluorides (FP mg/L spectrophotommric spectrophotometerChlorides (Cl) mg/L spectrophotomeric spectrophotometerSulfates ($04) mq/L gravimetric analytical balance

spectrophotomeric spectrophotometerFree Ammonia mg/L spectrophotomeric spectrophotometertNH3 - K)Nitrates (N03-N) mg/L spectrophotomeric spectrophotometerNitrites (N02-N) mg/L spectrophotoaerLc spectrophotometerActive compounds mg/L upectrophotomeric spectrophotometerMothylene blue mg/L spectrophotomeric apectrophotometerPhenol mg/L spectrophotomeric spectrophotometeroils and fats mg/L gravimetric analytical ba-

lance*pectrophotomeric spectrophotometer-nfra red infra red

dissolved oxygen mg/L titrimetric burQtpotensimetric DO meter

biochemical oxy- mg/L titrimetric buretgen demands (BOD) potensimetric DO meterchemical oxygen mg/I. titrimetric buret(COD)

v:2-

C. Sall

Mcthods of study on the physical and chemical parameter of soil that will be usedduring the study Include:

Parameter Method

Z. Physical Characteristlcu

1. Texture PipettLng and filtering2. Structure Qualitative3. Poroulty Qualitative4. Conuistency Qualitative5. color Munsell SoLl Color Chart6. Volume Weight OravLmetric7. Specific gravLty Picnometer

Parameter Method

II. Chemical CharacterLotico

1. pH H20 120 extract2. Total N Kjeldhal3. Organic C Walkley a Black4. P Bray I extract5. K NH4OAC extract pH 7

Flame photometer6. NIL NZ40AC extract pH 7

Flama photomater7. Ca NH40AC extract pH 7

Titration8. Mg KH40AC extract pH 7

Titration9. K P K saturated NH40AC pH 7

Decanit at ionTitration

D. Biotic 7feld

Biotic studies utilized the following parameters and cquipnciflt:

Parameter Equipments

1. Planktons Source net, plankton net, Eckman dredge2. Protected wlld- Binocular

fauna3. Vegetation Microscope, compasss, rollmetar, rope,

preservatives.4. Trunk structure Vegetation transect, plot, profile dia-

grami, measuring tape, haga nypsometer,compaas, clinometer.

5. Trunk density Cadastral map, measuring tape, diametertape, counter, haga hypsometer, rope,compass

- 9

Flora

Suimmed Dominant Ratio (SORi

SDR can be is calculated following the formula:

RF + RD

2

RF a Relative Frequency which in frequency of a typedlvided by rrequency of total apeCI

RD : Relative Dominance, which to tha dlma type divided by total dominance of all types.

The higher the SDR of a certain species, the more dominanit a vegetation is in thearea of study.Some plants could not be described in the field. In this case, samples were taken toa herbarium and the plants Identified in the laboratory.

Fauna

The names of faunal species obtained through direct inventory or trough interviewwere compared to the list of species protected by existing legislation. The greaterthe number of species found on the list, the more important is the correspondinghabitat in the project area.

2.3.3.3. Prediction and Evaluation of Signiificant Impacts

Quantitative as well as descriptive/qualitative methods were used in the prediction of- significant impacts. Taking either positive or negative impacts, prcdicted impacts are

evaluated using the criteria included in the Guidelines for Estimating Significant_ Ilmpacts (KEP-49/IIENKLH/6/1987), taking into consideration

a. Total of population being affected by the impact.b. Extent of the impact.c. Duration of the impact.

- d. Intensity of the impact.

e. Other components of the environment that are affected by the impact.

f. Cumulative nature of the impact.

g. Reversibility of the impact.

The significance of impacts is determined according to ecology, economic, regional

and national criteria. according to the following scale:

Not significant IModerately significant : 2

Significant : 3

Mome significant 4Very significant 5

i. '

CHAPTER III

3.0. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

- 3.1. GENERAL

The Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant Project, which PLN plan to

develop, is situated at about 12 km distance from the coast of South Kalimiantan, andabout 3 kan from the highway of Jorong - Kintab, in the village of Asam-Asam,

Kecamatan (Sub-District) of Jorong, ICabupaten (District) of Tanah Laut, Provinceof South Kalimantan.

The land area needed for the main construction and the supporting facilities of the

Banjarrnasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant is estimated at around 110 ha.

The project area is bordered in the west by the Asam-Asam River, in thc north by

the Baru River (tibutary of the Asam-Asam), in the east by the secondary forest andsavannnh, and in the south by another tributary of the Asam-Asam..

The project area consists of swamp land grown over with tall grass (inmerata cyifn

drLca or alang-aiang ) and underbrush. Only a small part of the land in the north-west consists of ex ice-fields (fek&as.mnh) and unirrigated agricultural fields (ladang ) of the people; in the eastern part, a small hill is found. Figure 3.1 shows

the geographical location of the Banjamasin Mine Mouth Coal Stcain Power Plant,and Fig. 3.2 shows the map of the project site and the infrastructure to be construct-ed. The Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA), Environmental Management Plan

(EMAP) and the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMIOP) show that the populationto be relocated from the project site consists of 36 families, or 144 pcople.

- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tc

3.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE BANJARMASIN SPP

The construction of Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant in Banjarmasin has thefollowing objectives:

1. lb utiIze coal for the production of steam to generate electricity, so that the useof petroleum for electrical generation can be reduced.

2. Tb open job opportunities and improve standards of living in South Kalimantan.3. lb supply the demand for electrical energy.4. To improve the reliability of electrical supply for South Kalimantan.

3.3. AIMS AND ALTERNATIVE

3.3.1. Demand

The demand for electrical energy for South Kalimantan, particularly in the Banjar-masin area, is supplied by hydro, diesel and gas generating plants. Prediction ofthe demand for electrical energy for the Banjarmasin area up to the year 2014 isshown on bble 3.1.

PLN (State Electrical Corporation) Rcgion VI covers a wide service area, includingthe provinces of Central, South and East Kalimantan, characterized by widelydispersed setdement areas. This configuration means that PLN Region VI has tomaintain autonomous distribudon centers, without any interconnecting system.

The existing systems are Barito, Benua Lima, and Kuala IKapuas systems (see Figure3.3). Within the PLN Region VI Development Plan, a diesel generating plant of 2 x12 MW capacity will be constructed for the Barito System and will start its operationby 199411995. The Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant itself is expected to oper-ate with its first unit of 65 MW in 1997, and its total capacity of 660 MW (4 x 65MW + 4 x 100 MW) by 2008 (see Fig. 3.4).

Table 3.1.

EstLoation of *lectrical energy demand

for BanjarmasLa area.

Minimum Medi.um Maximum PLN estimate

Year estimate estimate astLmate in 1989

(MW) (MW) (MW) (MW)

1986 50,1 50,1 50,1

1989 56,5 5S6, 56,5 -

1990 63,6 63,6 63,6 -

1991 71,1 71,1 71,1 -

1992 70,0 78,0 78,0 -

1993 84,2 84,2 84,2 -

1994 89,57 90,9 92,25 -

1995 129,80 141,2 152,58 154,3

1996 139,85 153,8 167,66 169,1

1997 149,54 165,9 182,19 185,5

1998 160,77 179,9 199,04 204,3

1999 175,44 198,2 221,04 216,9

2000 185,32 210,6 235,86 236,3

2001 199,20 227,9 236,69 257,1

2002 214,30 246,8 279,34 278,9

2003 230,65 267,3 303,86 303,4

2004 248,59 289,7 330,77 -

2005 268,12 314,1 360,07 -

2006 289,43 340,7 392,03 _

2007 312,81 370,0 427,10 -

2008 338,32 401,8 465,36 -

2009 366,10 436,6 507,03 -

2010 396,52 474,6 552,67 -

2011 429,74 561,7 602,50 -

2012 466,24 561,7 657,24 -

2013 506,21 611,7 717,20 -

2014 556,07 666,5 782,99 _

Source * State Electrical Company Region VI,

Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan.

98

3.3.2. Hanjannaslti SPP Site and Land Rcquirezncnt

Administratively, the Banjarmnasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant Project islocated about 12 km from the coast of Muara Asam-Asam village, Jorong Sub Dis-trict, Tlnah Laut Regency. The locality is accessible from Banjarmasin to the south-east through Peleihari, Jorong and Asam-Asam at a distance of 120 km.

The site itself is located on the left bank of the Asam-Asam River, on cultivated dry-land. It will occupy circa 110 ha of land belonging to the PT, Hutan Kintap conces-sion. The project site is bounded to the west by the Asan-Asam River, to the northby Baru Creek, a tributary of Asam-Asam, to the east by a secondary forest and tallgrass field, and to the south by another tributary of the Asam-Asam. The estimatedland area required for the construction of the Coal Fired Power Plant of 4 x 65 MWand 4 x 100 MW is as follows:

Power plant and offices 35 haLand for construction = 25 haHousing colony = 20 haAsh storage and reforestation = 30 ha

Total 110 ha

The general location of the project and its accessibility are shown in Figure 3.1.Figure 3.2 shows the general setting of the planned Banjarmuasin Mine Mouth CoalSteam power plant.

3.3.3. Altcrnative Site Locations

Based on the site sdlection study, there are altemative sites for the project, all locat-ed in the vicinity of the Asam-Asam village (Figure 3.5 and 3.6). For a combinationof technical and economic reasons, the best location for the Banjarmasin MineMouth Coal Steam Power plant was considered to be that located on the left side ofAsam-Asam River. These reasons are discussed at greater length in Section 6.3below.

993.3.4. Other activities within and around the project area

The PT FIutan }Cintap saw mill is locateu next to the project site. This company isowned in part by PT INHUTANI IT (30 %) and Korea Development Company orKODECO (70 %). According to a decision of the Minister of ForesLry (KepmenHPH No. 55OIKptsIUmIlO/1977), the areal coverage of PT Hutan Kintap is about125.000 ha with boundaries as shown in Fig. 3.7.

The concession of PT. Arutmin is located nerby in the north part of fte project site.The location of the coalmine which will be supply coal to Banjarmasin SPP can beseen in Fig. 3.8.

3.4. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE BANJARMASIN SPP

The implementation plan for the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plantconsists of 3 phases as follows:

1. Pre-Construction Phase.2. Construction Phase.

3. Post-Construction Phase.

3.4.1. Pre-Construction Stage

The main activities during the pre-construction stage are field surveys and landacquisilion. The objective of field surveys is to obtain more accurate data needed forthe design of the project. Such surveys include hydrological and geological mapping,seismic surveys and land ownership inventories. Land acquisition includcs 1 10 ha

land for the project site, land for access the road and land for borrow materials. Aquarry area for aggregate and sand is located in the Durian Bungkuk village, Pelei-hari A borrow area for fill materials is located next to die project site.

3.4.2. Construction.Stage

Activities during the construction stage include:

a) Procurement of workers (Mobilization of workers)

b) Mobilization of equipments and materialsc) Land opening, preparation and constnrction of acecss roadi.d) Supply of construcfion materialse) Construction of infastructure and buildings, including equipment, consisting

of :i) Infrastructure and utilitiesii) Main buildingsiii) Civil engineering worksiv) Mechanical engineering worksv) Electrical engineering works

Tlhe above activities can be summarized as follows:

a. Mobilization of workers

Based on similar coal-fired steam power plants which are already operating, it isassumed that the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant will needaround 675 people at least, composed of 600 field workers and 75 planningstaff. The Indonesian work force is expectcd to come from Java, and a lesseramount will be local.

b. Mobilization of equipment and materials

PT. Arutnin has already built their own harbor for coal handling in Satui, about40 km east of Asam-Asam . It has a loading and unloading capacity of 50,001DWT. From Satui, an access road as long as 20 km and 30 meter wide with amaximum capacity of 20 ton has also been constructed. The length of thehighway fiom Satui to the Banjarnasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant isabout 35 km. With those facilities, it is expected that the mobilization of heavyequipment can be done via Satui and Asam-Asam village to the Coal FiredSteam Power Plant Site.

c. Land clearing and preparation

Assuming that the maximum height of a flood in the project site is 4 - 8 meters,the site should be filled with borrow material until its attins 6 meters elevation.For the auxiliary buildings the fill should atlain 4 meter clevalion. During this

- land preparation work, there will be tree cuttings and land gradation in some

.TYT c

places, including the construction of 6 kilometers long and 4 meters widthaccess road to the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant from theJorong - Kintap highway, The access road will follow the already existing roadowned by the Korean sawmill. PLN has only to upgrade several parts of theroad.

d. Supply of construction materials

- Rocks for construction can be obtained from Durian Bungkuk village, 20 kmfrom the project site to the west, where andesite rock is found. Besides this,rock material can also be found from Peleihari area about 66 km to the west ofthe project site, where the rocks are serpentinite basalt quarried by local people.

Sand can be obtained also from Durian Bungkuk in the from of silty-quartz andsandstone which is brownish in color. These materials have also bccn quarriedby local people from hill slopes, valleys and river-bed. Silt and clay borrowmaterials are found near the project site. They can be taken from low undulat-ing hills ovcrgrown by bushes and trees. These materials are located about 5 kmfrom the project site and have not yet been quarried by local people. The rc-serve of the borrow materials is quite large (about 20,000,000 m 3),

e. Construction of utilities, infrastructure and buildings

1. Construction of utilitiest.nd infrastructure

This particular work will include:

- Construction! installation of clean water supply

- Construction of offices, diesel generator for electrical energy duringconstruction, workers homcs, workshops, main storages, mosques, andetc.

- Construction of local road system.

2. Main construction

a. Civil Engineering Works

This inclides:

TyT - 7

- Administraive buildings and houses for workersThe main power plant building

- Tower house, switchyard and chimney- Cooling tower and cooling water circulation channel, puinping station

and petroleum fuel storage area.- Waste treatment plant

The main building wili employ a bored pile system with 0.5 m diameter, atotal length of 19.7 meters and interval between piles of 1.0 meter. Indeciding the height of the floor, the power house building has taken intoaccount the flood discharge of 100 ycars return period. The coolingsystem is a closed one, using a cooling tower. The total volume of waterto be circulated between the condenser and the cooling tower for thissystem will be 29 cubic meters per second, An additional 2 cubic metersper second of water will be taken from the Asam-Asam river.

h. Afechanical Engineering WOkS

Mechanical engineering works include the installation of;

1. Boiler

Eight boiler units eqtuipped with economizers will be operating in theyear 2008. Each of the boilers will be fitted with a flue gas analyzer.

- Make up water for the steam boiler as well as for domestic uses(drinking, laundry, bathing, etc) will be pumped from deep ground-water as follows:- make up water : 1900 ml/day = 22 liter/day

- domestic uses : 400 m/day = 4 liter/day

Total = 26 liter/day

2. Steam turbinesThere will be 8 units of steam turbines operating in 2008 (4 x 65 MW+ 4 x 100 MW) with speed of 3000 rpm respectively.

TTT Q

3. Fired controller to check the lurbines heat, boilcr, sceain boiler andburner.

4. Pumps, pipings, condensers, water treatment, cooling water, chim-ney, oil storage and covered coal storage.

c. Electrical engineerng works

Electrical engineering works include installation of equipment. Up to theyear 2008, installation works will include:

1. Synchronous Generator or Alternator with tcchnical specifications asfollow:

- Generator rating . 4 x 81.25 PIVA and 4 x 125 MVA- Output voltage: 20 kV- Power Factor : 0.8- Frequency : 50 Hz-RPM :3000- Auxiliary voltage : 6/400 kY/V

2. Electrical control and its accessorics for controlling the generators,switch yards and power to be sent to Cempaka Sub Station.

3. A switchyard wilt occupy 12 ha of land and will be used for:

Outdoor transformers with the following specifications:

- Power Rating : 4 x 81.25 MVA and 4 x 125 MVA- Input voltage : 20 KV- Output vol. :150 KV- Local supply iransformer : 2 x 10 MVA- Black start gencrator :2 x 4.3 MVA

- Sub Station :150 kV

- Busbar transmission :150 kV

- Circuit breaker- Disconnecting switch- Power Line Carrier (PLC)

T7T -.O

3.4.3. PontConstructdon Phase

During the post constnuction stage, the activity at the Coal Fired Power Plant willinclude:a. Hauling and unloading/storing coalb. Coal buming and storing the ashesc. Coolingd. Power plant operatione. Transmission of electrical energy through 150 kV High Voltage (Transmission

Lines via Cempaka Sub Station to Trisakti Sub Station at a distance of 118kilometers).

a. Hauling and unloading/storing coal

Coal could be transported from Arutmin Mines to the Storage area through aconveyor belt or by truck during the initial stages of operation. For a capacityof 4 x 65 MW, the total coal required by the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth CoalSteam Power Plant is 934.000 tonlyear, and for a capacity of 4 x 100 MW willbe 1,400,000 ton/year. The coal is of lignite type, with very low sulphur andash content, Average quality of the lignites are:- Total moisture : 34.9 %- Inherent moisture : 21.4 %- Ash 3.0 %- Fixed Carbon 35.5 96- TotalSulphur : 0.23 %- Specific Energy : 17.5 mj/kg

- Calorific Waue : 4190 kcal/Ikg

b. Coal burning and ash storage

Coal burning within a boiler will produce two kind of ash wastes, i.e bottom ashin the steam boiler installation, and fly ash. Total bottom ash is 15 %, whilstthe figure for fly ash is 85 96. Total ash pile at the storing ground for 4 x 65

- MW is 28,000 ton/year and for 4 x 100 MW will be 42,000 ton/year. P.TArutmin have expressed agreement in principle to cake the ash back to the mine,

- whcr it will be used for backfill and other purposcs. However, a fallback stor-age area will be available on site in case this arrangemcnt should ever break-down.

TTT -

c. Cooling (Fired Output)

The cooling system applied to the Mine Mouth Coal Fired Powcr Plant is theclosed type, i.e a cooling system with towers. The hot steam emitted from theturbine by the condenser will be condensed by circulating water. Along thecondenser, the temperature of the circulating water has a maximum temperatuireincrease ranging from 5 - 10°C. After taking the hcat from the condenscr, thecooting water then flows to the towers to be recooled again by cascading thewater. During the cascading there will be at least 10 % evaporation of thewater.

rn-11

CHAPTER IV

4.0. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE PROFILE

Description of the baseline profile Includes environmental components such asphysical, biotic, socioeconomic, sociocultural and public health a.specis whichmay have some significance to the planned project acLivities.

4.1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE PROFLE

4.1.1. ClImate

Climate is expressed under the parameters of temperature, humidity, cloud cover,direction and wind speed, and solar insulation parameters.

anfall

The area of the study is located within a wet tropical climatic area. According todata from the Pelaihari rain-gauging station between 1982 - 1991, and from the

Banjarbaru station from 1974 - 1990, yearly minimum rainfall is 2033 mm andmaximum 2903 mm, with a yearly average of 2468 mm (Fig. 4.1). Total monthlyminimum rainfall is 64 mm, maximum 486 mm with monthly average of 240 mm.The amount of rainy days in a year are between 153 to 189, and there is not a single

month without rain.

Temperaltures, insolation and humidity

Minimum air temperature is 20,7oC, maximum is 32.2oC and avcrage 26.7oC.

Temperatures are usually higher in September, October and November comparedwith the rest of year. Daily insolation recorded in Pelaihari station is minimum 31%, maximum 74 % with avenge of 49 X. Relative humidity recorded in Pelaiharistation is minimum 77 %, maximum 88 % wiLh average of 84 %. More completeclimatic data are shown in aIble 4.1 and 4.2.

Tabl 4.1_ ClimatoluIolal data arIne 162 - 1991 in

Pelmiharl Station, suth Klituantan.

Total (mnm Air teWerature 'CMonth _ _In ._ - HUll IMsol

Rein Ruiny MaximIn Minimum Average dlty tionfalt days (1iX CZ)

Jauary 449 10 30,6 13.0 P6,3 ea 31February 326 17 31,4 23,4 26,5 86 42March 355 19 31,5 23,2 26,6 55 45April 221 14 32,3 22,9 26,6 86 47May 234 14 31,5 23,4 26,7 86 47Jung 111 7 31.4 21,8 26.6 84 51JuLy 129 9 31,1 20.7 26,3 83 53August 64 4 31,7 23.0 27,0 78 7/*September 82 6 32,4 23,7 27,2 77 61October 121 9 33.2 23,5 27.5 77 60November 324 15 31,8 23,2 26,8 84 43becuiler 486 19 30,7 22.9 26.2 87 34

2903 ZO 153 x- 31,6 x. 22,9 xm 26.7 xa 84 o 4W

Source: Badan MeteorotLol dan Deaflailka, Jakarta

Table 4.2.ClIm1toteofcal data dring 1982 - 1991 In

an3jrbaru Station, outh Eat imtan.

Average Average Air teersture *C Average AverageMonth Rain Inso- Relative Evaporation

faLl Lation Ave- Maxe- Mlnl- Hullidity Cmm)Cm) CZ) rage anI mmn tX)

January 341 38 26 31 23 83 75February 305 41 25 31 23 83 69March 308 47 26 32 23 e4 82ApriL 254 55 27 33 23 88 81may 183 55 27 33 23 87 8June 126 54 26 32 21 a6 82JuLY 117 55 26 32 21 84 90August 61 61 26 33 21 81 113September 63 62 26 34 22 80 110October 152 57 27 3L. 22 52 108lNovober 228 L9 27 33 23 87 82December 31.8 39 26 31 23 89 73

_=2468 x: 51 xu 26 x-31 x=23 x1 86 d21032

Source : Pusat Meteorotogi don Geofisika, Benjarberu Station, SouthKaL Immntan.

Wind direction during the months of January to April is mainly fromt the northeast27 - 30% and then from the north and south west 12 - 17 %. During the months ofMay to October, wind direction is mainly from fte east 49% and from the southeastand south 12 - 18 %. From November and December, the wind blows mainly fromthe southwest 27 - 39 %, and then from the south and north east 12 - 24 %. Onaverage, it can be said that wind direction during the month of January through Aprilis from the north cast, from May through October from the east, and from Novem-ber to December from the south west (Fig. 4.2).

The average wind speed is less than 2 knots except in November and December,whcre the speed is between 2 - 4 knots. Wind speeds between 4 - 6 knots occur lessthan 10 % of the time, and speeds greater than 6 knots between October andNovember less than 3 % of the time.

From observation and measurements, it is known that the local air is very clean.The content of particles and gases are way below the threshold of the StandardAmbient air quality. According to Ministerial Decision KLH No : KEP02IMENKIT/i/1968 on the guidelines for Environmental Quality Standard, thethreshold for the pareicles and gases are:

- Dust : 260.00 gJ/n3

- SO2 : 240.00 g/m3

- NOx 93.00 gIm3

According to base line measurement, air quality estimation in the projcct area indi-cates

unit Concentration

N02 mg/ 3 0, 96 - g1Dust mg/rn3 66 - ioco mg/m 3, 24 - 10 51HJ mg/m3 0,15 0,45H23 mg/m 0,01 - 0,15

Noise level in the project area anud its surrounding is tetween 40 - 46 dB(A).

4.1.2. Physlography and Geology

a. Physlography

The study area is located in an elongated plain wkich stretches out in an E - Wdirection parallel to the coastline of Java Sea. The area surrounding the project siteis a lowland plain with almost flat topography. Elevation is between 0 to 10 meters.The flatland morphology begins at the foot of Meratus Mountain in the north, andcontinues down to Muara Asam-Asam village to the south, along the coast of thelava Sea. The Asam-Asam river flows along this lowrland and serves as the bound-ary of the project site (Fig. 4.3). In general, this flatland is filled by detritus fromMeratus, which has been eroded since the Tertiary Period. Toward the south, thedetritus is then overlain by swamp deposits as a result of overflows from the Asam-Asam river. Along the southern coastline, this detritus is overlain by coastal sands.

The project site is a swampy area covered by dense vegetation. To the west, thesite is bounded by te Asam-Asam River, which is still influenced by tidal activity.During low tide, the site is located about 2.5 m above the river watcr level. Duringhigh tide the water rises about 1.5 meters, placing die site just less than 1 meter

above water level. Eastward this swamp gradually changes into dryland, with lowundulating topography and elevations ranging from lOm to 50 m above sea level,and average elcvations 3 - 4 m above the swampy area. These drylands are used as anursery for pine plantations.

b. Geology

Regionally, the project site belongs to the Asani-Asam subbasin, a Tertiary basinal

area developed as a result of faulting in the Meratus Mountain. The sedimentationprocesses indicate Eocene to Oligocene transgression, followed by major regressionfrom Oligocene through deposition of the Eocene Tanjung Formation, followed byBerai and Pamaluan Formations of Oligocene age. The regressive phase is repre-sented by Warukin and Dahor as being of Miocene to Pliocene Age respectively(Fig. 4.4). Lithologically, the project site area is composed of swamp/ paralic depos-its consisting of sandy clay high in organic content due to the decay of swamp vege-

tation. Peats are found intercalatinig the sandy clays, and seen outcropping on theeastern bank of the Asam-Asam river, and on the western boundary of the projectsite at low tide. The thickness of the swamp deposits varies from 2 m in the south-eastern part (near the irrigation dam next to the local transmnigration area) to 16 min the western middle part of the project area, as indicated by drillings done byPratama Widya (BR 10 and BR 14). Eastward the swamp deposit thin outs anddisappears around the pine nurseries at the southeastern part of the PT HutanKintap sawmill locality.

The Dahor Formation is the youngest rock formation overlain by the recent sedimentin the projwct site. Total thickness of the Dahor is 400 m, consisting mainly of clas-tic sedimentary rock of medium and fine grained nature such as sandstones, silt-stones, claystones, lignite and peat intercalations. The sandstones are primarilycomposed of quartz grains with minor admixtures of metamorphic rock fragments.The rock has a Light grey color which has weathered into reddish brown clayeymaterials. Outcrops of this particular rock can be found in the eastern part of thestudy area, in the vicinity of the pine nursery area. Here the Dahor sandstonesconstitute undulations 3 to 4 meters high. Due to the proximity of this outcrop to theproject site, these sandstones can be exploited as borrow materials to increase theelevation of the swampy area where the Power Plant d11 be constructed.

Based on the Indonesian Seismic Zone Map compiled by the Directorate of WaterResources, the study area has an carthquake acceleration design (Ad) of 73.69 gal to96.12 gal with earthquake coefficient ranges from 0.07 to 0.09 for 100 years cyclici-

lty

4.1.3. Hlydrology

a. River water

The Asam-Asam river flows in a north-south toward the Java Sea. It begins

upstream as the Ranakan and Nayah tributaries, which meet near the north of

the Jorong-Kintap bighway to become the Asam-Asam river. Downstreamfrom this confluence, the Asam-Asam River receives further inflows from other

tributaries, i.e the Rumbai, Baru, Kudung, Katuang, Hanto and Kudek rivers

(Fig.4.5).

The catchment areas of the Ranakan and Nayah rivers is arounid 478 km2 up tothe confluence of those two rivers at the bcginning of the Jorong - Kintap streetbridge. Predictions of the flood discharge in the study urea shown in 'Ible 4.3.

are based on the Mononobe formula.

Table 4.3Fltod discharge calculttion.

Flood dischargeNo. dascripttan Unit - - _

2 years 5 yamra 10 years 50 yaVer 100 ym.rs

1 Rainfati 1n 93 l18 136 176 1942 ConcentratiAn tIte hour 6 6 6 6 63 Rain Intenalty tm/hour 6.9 8.8 10.2 13.1 14.5A FLow coefficient 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.65 Drainage area (kmZ) 478 478 475 475 4786 Planned dlachergi M3/sec. 550.14 701.62 813.25 1044..4r 1156.0

Source i Prutam WUWyg Feasibfilty Study, 1992

The Asam-Asam River's water is uscd by local populations living on it's bankfor daily purposes such as drinking water, bathing, washing and as a toilet.Another principle function of the river is as a transportation conduit, especiallyfor carrying sawn woods from the mills to the sea using motorized sail boats orbarges.

According to information gathered from local people who have lived more than50 years on the rver bank at Asam-Asam, the maximum flood height is around3 meters, or equivalent to 4.8 meters flood elevation. The project site is stillinfluenced by tides. The dH:ference betwcen low and high tides are 1.5 to 2meters.

Asam-Asam river has a relatively flat banks which in some places are inundatedto become swamps. Based on chemical analyses of water taken from Asam-Asam river during both high and low tides, its water quality can be summarizedas follows in Table 4.4 below (See also Appcndix 2).

Tilba 4.4Parameters log AUoC-Asam River Water

and its branches

No. Parameterm Environmental Concentrationthat exceed Threshold (mgr/it)environmental (mgr/ lt)threshold

1 Solvent resldue 2000 3301.0 -44302 BOD 6 11.34-14.763 COD 10 17.07-20.664 Cadmium (Cd) .1 0.018S Phenol 0.001 0.04-0.076 Chlorida 600 1081.14-1735.82

Parameters that exceed the threshold are as follows

1. Solvent residue, As measured in the APP 4 location, solvent residue is

between 3301.0 - 4430.0 ingr/lt. The inagnitlude of the solvcnt residue figureis due to its coastal location, being subject to intrusion from tidal sea water.

2. Biological and Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, COD). BOD of all sam-pies exceed the permitted environmental threshold. BOD measured between11.34 mgrllt and 14.76 mgr/lt, compared with a suggested threshold of 6.10

mgr/lt. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of all samples exceed the permit-ted environmental threshold. COD measured between 17.07 mgr/lt and

20.66 mgrJlt, compared with a recommended threshold of 10 mgrllt. Themagnitude of both BOD and COD is considered to be influenced by theorganic waste discharge from the peat mines. However, other factors may be

involved, such as the waste streams discharged into the river by the existingsawmills. Therefore it is recommended to carry out a separate investigation

to establish all the contributory factors to the high BOD and COD values in

the river water.

3. Cadmium. Cadmium at location 4 measured 0.01o mgr/lt. This is consideredto be due to the influence of seawater, since the samples were taken when thetide was coming.in. Furthermore, the phenol content is also slightly higherLhan normal (0.04 to 0.07 mg/liter), and this is presumed to be caused bynatural gum exudates from plants.

4. Chlorine. Chlorine measured at APP location was relatively high, i.e be-

tween 1081.14 - 1735.82 mgr/lt, again due to salt water intrusion.

b. Swamp water

Chemical analysis of the swamp water is presented in lDble 4.5 below:

Table 4. 5Parameter, of Swamp Water Chemical Analysis

No. Parametera that Threshold Concentrationexceed threshold measured

1 Acidity level. (pH) 6-9 4.9 and 4.52 Biochemical Oxygen

Demand (BOB) 6 mgr/lt 17.10 - 18.0393 Chemical Oxygen 10 mgr/It 25.94 - 26.51

Demand (COD) mgr/lt4 Phenol 0.002 mgr/lt 0.06 and 0.02

. ___________. ____ mgr/lt

Samples were taken from:

1. Swamp, near to the location of the thermal plant.2. Swamp, near to the intended ash disposal location.

Parameters that exceed the threshold include acidity level (pH), BOD, COD andphenol.

c. Groundwater

In the study area the shallow groundwater is found at 1 to 2 meters depth. Basedon drilling down to 80 meters and on geo-clectical survey, it can be concludedthat the lithology underlying the project site is composed of sandy clays as topsoil, underlain by clayey sandstoncs, sandstones, sandy clays, siltstones andclaystones. A confined aquifer is found at depths of 26 - 34 metcrs, 36 - 42

meters and 61 - 70 meters respectively (Fig.4.6). Pumping tests on the well,

which had a 90 meter radius of influence, yielded a discharge of 4 litersisec.Thus drilling 5 such wells is likely to yield 20 liters/second.

Ground water is used by the local population, because the project is situated inan area of swamps and forests so that wells in that area are, on average, very

shallow. Chemical analysis of the groundwater is as follows (Table 4.6):

Table 4.6Parameters of Croundwater Chemical Analysis

No. Paramters Threshold concentrat lonthat exceed 'Measursdonvlronmentalthreshold

1. Acidlty Level (pH) - 9 4.3-5.52. Jangaan (Mn) 0.3 mqr/lt 0.51 mgr/It3. Biochemical Oxygen 6 mgrltt 5,0-16.20 m grIlt

Demand (BOO)4. chemlcal Oxygen 10 mgr(lt 15.38-42.30 mg/it

Demand (COD)5. Phenol 0.002 mgr/lt 0.02-0.09 mgr/lt

Parameters that exceed thc threshold are as follows

1. Acidity level (pH) at ASP 4 location; ASP 5 location and ASP 6 location,-where in that locations the acidity level was low. The low level of acidity isdue to the existing environmental condition in the area.

2. Manganese at location ASP 3 is measured as 0.51 mgr/lt, where the thresh-old level is 0.5 mgr/lt. As with acidity, the high level of Manganese is attir-buted to natural levels in this environment. where Manganese is quite high.

At location ASP 3, 5 and 7 (SOD) more than the environmental thresholdthat are permitted and also the COD at location ASP 3, 4, 5 and 7 more thanthe environmental threshold that are permitted. The high content BOD and

COD was caused by the shallow ground water surface and the sanitationcondition being not so good. The phenol concentration of ASP 2 location,ASP 3 location, ASP 4 location and ASP 6 location is also exceeding thethrcshold level. Phenol's level of that areas is presumably originated fromvegetation's gum of that areas.

* id. Water for Special Usage

Water treatment facilities including demineralization, will need to be installed tocondition the water for the high pressure boilers. For use in the cooling system,the water has to be treated by:

- filtration, which is needed to reduce solid materials as much as possible, so

that it passes the turbidity requirement.

6s

- chloriniation, which is needed to prevent organic fouling of the cooling sys

tems.

e. Erosion and sedimentation

The plant site and its surrounding area consists of a low plain with very gentle

slopes in the form of swamps, so that the rate of erosion is quite small. Sedi-

mentation occurring in the Asam-Asam River originates at its headwater, to-

gether with mnaterials brought down by its tributaries.

Measurement on the suspended load from Asam-Asam River and its tributaries

shows that the turbidity ranges from 15.9 to 37.5 (Appendix 2). This value is

obviously still lower than the threshold value for water quality which states that

turbidity of flowing water should not exceed 100 NTU. Turbidity of a water

body has a significant effect on photosynthesis, which is critical to phytoplank-ton production.

4.1.4. Soil Condition

a. Regional context

Based on the existing preliminary soil map of 1: 100,000 scale, the Tanah Taut

Regency has at least 3 soil map units (SMU), which are classified as (i) Alluvi-

al, (ii) Latosol and (Lii) Red-yellow lateritic Podzolic Complex (Figure 4.7).

The southern and eastem parts of the regency are dominated by the Alluvial

SMU, which extends parallel to the coastline. This unit rest on the coastal plain

and riverine alluvia plain physiographic units. The elevation ranges from 1 - 15mcters above sea level. It is characterized by a shallow water table and periodic

to permanent inundaton.

The Alluvial SMU comprises includes several soil types, including humic glei-sol, histic gleisol and alluvial, which develop from fine-to-medium texturedalluvial sedimen, as ttie source rocks, with organic-rich upper horizons, andalso regosol, has developed from the coastal sediment of coarse, loose, sandytexture. The humic and histic gleisols are hydromorphic, of shallow depth, andrich in organic matter. The gleisols are found in land of poor surface drainage,

mainly located along the shoreline of the lava Sea, including the coastal swampand intcrfluvial swamps of the Asam - Asam and lCintap rivers. The alluvialtype is found mainly along the river course, consisting of relatively young orrenewed alluvial materials, The regosol type is found in the southeast coast,represented by loose coarse grained coastal sands. The extent of the humicgleisol, alluvial and regosol types is 43,487 hectares, 58,281 hectares and27,772 hectares respectively.

Most of the westcrn and northern part of TInah Laut Regency, extending to thesouthwest, is occupied by Meratus Mountain physiographic unit, with eleva-tions ranging from 100 to 500 meters above sea level. Morc than 45,000 bec-tares of this area is above 500 meters asl. Meratus is the remnant of an oldmountain range that has been severely dissected. On this physiographic unit,there is only one soil map unit, a latosol. A latosol is a red tropical soil, with adeep solum and high acidity, developed from the weathering of bedrock andintensive leaching of nutrients.

This SMU occupies an area of more than 153,000 hectares. This soil occurs onsteep slopcs and extends as far as 16,000 hectares.

The lateritic red yellow Podzolic soil occurs on the gentler slopes with eleva-tions ranging from 25 to 100 meter asl between the Meratus mountain and thecoastal plain. This map unit covers about 205,000.hcctares, mostly within theBanjar Regency. Rainfall and weathering has subjected lne bedrock and nutri-ents to intensive leaching. Annual rainfall of 2,755 mm with 190 rainy days and2 to 3 dry months per year, have resulted in high to very high acidity, dominat-ed by low active clay, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low basic satumtionand very high exchangeable Al co itent. Such characteristics illustrate the lowfertility and agricultural potential if these soils, espccially the uplands which arelatosol and red-yellow podsolhc. The red-yellow podzolic soil has anotherphysical limitation, i.e its top soil is highly fragile and susceptible to erosion.

The lowland soils such as the humic and h4stic gleisols, and the alluvials, arechemically not so different to the upland soils, except for the higher pH valuewhich prevents Al saturation from increasing to a level that is lethal to vegeta-tion. Furthermore it has higher organic content in the top soil due to the slowrate of decay of the organic matter under anaerobic conditions (inundation). Amajor constraint of this kind of soil is its shallow water table (less than 50 cm),

which linkts the free development of vegetation rools, Iimprovenmenit by proper

drainage possibly will Induce lowering of the pH value and increase the avail-ability of Al.

b. Project site

Soll characteristics

Within the study area, there are soils which are developed from non-resistantsedimentary bedrocks, with clayed - silty - loam texture. The sand fractionconsists of fine grained quartz particles resistant to weathering, whereas thebedrocks are rich in iron compounds. Humid conditions with only 2 - 3 drymonths in a year, fluctuating shallow groundwater table due to fluctuation ofrIvcr water levels, organic rich topsoil, and the advanced stage of soil develop-ment, all produce soil with the following general characteristics:

1. Top soil. Rich in organic matter, porous, crumbling and loose when dry,

hlighly susceptiblc to erosion. In an area of develop peaty Histic horizon.2. Subsoil. Subsoil exhibits an argyllic horizon of clay accumulation, with

clayey, silty - clay to sandy clay textures. The clays are dominated by low

activity or low CEC clays, with extensive leaching of nutrients, resulting inbase saturation and very high acidity (pH 3,5 - 4.0). The iron-rich bedrockcontributes to the occurrence of many large sized iron concretions and high

Fe content.

The heterogeneity of characteristics and morphologic features are the result of

the micro-undulation of the land and influence of stream activity on the bed-rock. A general prediction of soil distribution can be made as follows: in areasof convex micro-undulation, gentle to moderately sleep slopes and good surfacedrainage, there will be found soil of deep profile, good drainage and aeration,having a homogenous yellowish-red color. This kind of soil is classified asUmbric Podzolic (PPT 1981) or Typic Haplohumult (USDA 1990); accordingthe old LPT classificadon this soil is a Yellowish Red Podzolic.

In an area with flat micro-undulation, shallow water table but not inundated,

there will be found soil with shallow profile, bounded by the depth of water

- table, gleisolized on the subsoil to a depth of 50 cm. The soil is yellowish-red

with red and grey spots on the subsoil, and classified us Podzulic Glcisol orAeric Kanhaplaquult (profile 1) and Typic Umbraqualf (profile 7) and UmbricGleysol or Aquic Humitropept (profile 12). Following the old LPT soil classif-cation (Dudal Supraptohardjo, 1961) this particular soil is known as Ground-water Podzolic or Low Humic Gleisol.

In areas wlth micro-undulation such as swamps, the land is sometimes surfaceinundatea. These soils are characteristized by a profile with an organic upperhorizon, with gleisolizadion and undeveloped structure on the lower horizon.These soils are classified as Histic Gleisol or Histic Hamaquept (profil 8) orpopularly known as peaty gleisols.

Next to the rivers there are soil profiles that are buried by massive clay-sandsediments, impervious and impenetratable by plant roots (Profile 6).

Soil fertility

In general, soils in the study area are classified as of very low fertility. Soils aredominated by low activity clays with low Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC c16 me 16) where most of the nutrient has been leached by percolating water(exchangeable K + Ca + Mg + Na I CEC c 35%). These low CEC s meanthat applied nutrients are not retained for long, thus fertilizer applications arenot cost-effective. The high intensity of basic leaching results in low soil ex-changed bases (K,Ca and Mg), except for Na which is still high. The soil hashigh acidity (low pH value), which induces deficiencies in Ca, K, and P andtoxic levels of Al, Fe and Mn. Only a few plant varieties can withstand theresulting Al toxicity, but even so will still produce very low yields.

All the analyzed samples show a very low soil salinity. The results of electricalconductivity and cxchangable Na shiow that within the study area the soil at theroot penetration depth is not affected by salt or brackish water. It is presumedthen that the soil salinity, whether as Na or aLlcalic salinities are not a handicapfor the plant culturing.

Summary

Red-yellow podzolic soils found on the higher undulations have moderate tohigh levels of Al, so that they are toxic to most cultivated plants, On the other

hand, lowland soils (gray - yellow podzolic and Umbric Gleisols) have a veryshallow water table (C than 50 cm). In the swamps, conditions are almnost

always reductive In nature, thus disadvantageous for the dry land plants.

These constraints limit the feasibility of commerical plantings. Nevertheless,the land in the study still has potential for wet season cultivation of shallow

rooted annuals, since the topsoil contains organic rnatter wich moderate total N,

especially if lime is applied. Howtver, with the low pH values and high soilbuffeiing capacity, it is unlikely that lime applications would be commerciallyfeasible.

4.1.5. Land use

At least 60 % of the land area which is located on the northern and niiddle parts of

Jorong and Kintap Subdistrict is occupied by densc forcst and bushes. A minor area

in the south, next to the coastline, is occupied by homogeneous forest. Most of thewestern part of Torong Subdistrict is occupied by a:ang-alang tall grass (Imperatacylindrica) field. The land area being cultivated as dry landl upland area is foundmostly on the southern part of Jorong and Kintap Sub districts. Settlements areusually ncxt to the upland areas, but also occur on the coast near the estuaries, suchas in Muara Asam-Asam and Muara Kintap (Fig.4.8). Most of the rice-fields in the

- study area are of the upland type, located mainly along the courscs of large rivers

such as Kintap, Asamn-Asam and Sabubur Rivers. Anolher 5 % of the land is occu-

pied by swamp, mostly located on the southern side, not far from the coast, such as

in Muon Kintap.

The majority of the planned SPP is located in the forested area, with a small

part to the west occupied by abandoned rice fields and upland areas.

4.2. BIOTIC ENVIRONMENTAL BASELiNE PROFILE

4.2.1. floral Area of Jorong Subdistrict

The SPP project area falls with in the concession of PT Hutan Kintap between Baru- and Kudung rivers, next to the Asam-Asam River about 4 Idlometers from the sea.

The Authority for Forest Exploitation (MPH) or Kintap Forest is in accordance withtie Forestry Agrement Number: PA(9/019/IV/1993 of the 5th April 1973, ForestAuthorization Number : 550/KPTS/Um/10/1977 of 8th October 1977, and Adden-dum number FAW/AD/015/VII/1978, dated 29th July 1978. The General Directorof Primary Foicst Authorization has already issued permission to administrate125,000 ha forest that is belonging to the Sawangan Rivers forest group. Theseforest groups include the area of Jorong Subdistrict, Tanah Laut Regency, SouthKalimantan Province. According to the forest administration, the Hutan Kintap areabelongs to the Jorong Forest Resort, Tanah Laut Forestry Division, the SouthKalimantan Forestry Agency. Based on the nature of its vegetation, the forest con-cession of PT Hutan Kintap stil belongs to primary tropical rainforest. In someparts, however, this has changed into secondary forest due to human activities.

General observations along the highway between Jorong and Kintap indicate thatmost of the area is covered by alang-alang, interspersed with uplands, orchards andbushes. Primary, secondary, swamp, coastal mangrove forests arc also encountered.

4.2.1.1. Open Space Community

Open spaces dominates the arca along the Jorong-Kinlap highiway. They is mainlyocculpies by tall grass, either Vitex sp or associated with it. This association ispresumed to be the result of former exploitation by logging company, and a foresttire which happened some years before. This ldnd of forest usually occupies relative-ly dry sandy or claycy soils.

4.2.1.2. Cultured Plant Community

This community includes plants cultured by humans, such as forestry, plantations,paddy fields, upland fields, and orchards. Plants cultured for their trunks and gums

are pities and Eusydroxylon sp. These two species havc been planted by FT. HutanKintap in the boundary area of Jorong and Kintap, whereas Ulin plants are cultivatedbehind PT Hutan Kintap "Sawmill", that Is in Asam-Asam village. Private cloveplantations managed by the local population are found in Asam-asam vilage, but thecondition is not encouraging. Intensive paddy fields are found about 4 km south ofthe Hutan Kintap Sawmill, managed by local transniigrants. This area gets its water

from a small reservoir built In 1990. All other riceflelds are of the dryland type,which depends on rainfall. The difference between orchards, fields and plantationfields is not so clear, except in some densely populated areas, such as around thedistrict office, Asam-Asam Market and people's settlement around the Asam-Asamriver where they usually have large yards, giving the impression that they live in themiddle of a plant community. Plant diversity in the area is quite high. Varietiesressemble those of lava Island, such as jackfruit, sirsak, and several types of gua-vas. Types of plant commonly found in Torong area are shown in lable 4.7.

Table 4.7Inventory of plants comonly found in

orchards ae Jorong Subdistrict.

NamePlant form Raemarks

Local name Creek name

Tree. Jambu air Syzigiuw Bp.Lamtara Leucaena up.Relor Morringa up.Bel ltina Averrhoa up.3ambu biji Psidium up.melinjo Gnetum op.pace Morinda op.Redondong Lannea up.Kalok/keruen Muntingea sp.Alamanda Allamanda sp.Jeruk Citrus sp.Nangka Artocarpun heterophylaSukun Artocarpus elasticaWaru Hibiscus up.Sirsat Annona sp.Kapok randu Ceiba gp.Mangga langifera up.Bambu wulung gigantochloa pg.Pepaya crica.sp.Turi Sasmania up.Pisanri Muca up.Carmai Phylanthua sp.Kelapa Cocos up.Gayam Inacarpul Op.Palem hias Anggota palmaeBambu ori Gigantocfloa up.Dadap Erythryna up.Kemuning Murraya ap.

Shrubs Tetean Justicecea up.melati Jasminum up.Lantana Lantana up.Nusa indah Mussaenda up.Ketela pohon manibot sp.Kumis kucing Mimosa up.

NamePlant form rRomark

Local name Ceoek name

Kroton Codiacium op.Tapak dera Catharanthus op.ficks Ixoza up4Xatuk earoupum op.lambang sepatu HibLicun up.Kambang ke:tas BougainvilLea up.ieladL colocaiLa up.Kemangi ooJmum op.

Herba Bakung Crinum op.Gayam durS Amaranthus sp.XnikLz Tagetes op.Bunga pukul empat MHrabeLim op.Sidagori Sida op.KirLnyuh EupatorLum up.-Ungkung Ipomosa op.Weduman Ageratum op.aknyong Cana ap.

4.2.1.3. Location of the Planned Mine MIouth Coal SPP

The project site will occupy a relatively small area of 200 hectares, of which a partis open areas. Open dry areas are dominated by grasses (Imperata sp.), and open

wet areas are dominatcd by Scirpus sp. and Carex spp. A small part of PlannedMne Thermal Power Plant is a forest and mangrove formation (although it occupiesonly a thin zone around the Asam-Asam river).

A special inventory was done to examine the forest composition, using sampling

boxes in the following four locations:

a. The Thennal Power Plant Site

b. Ash disposal areac. Locality north of project sited. Quarry site

According to the forestry statistics of the South Kalimantan Province 1989-1990,some plants are protccted, that is Dryobalapnops campihora ( Keruing minyak ) and

Eusideroxylon sp.( Ulin ). Ihe rcsults of all observations are presented in Table 4.8

to Table 4.11 below.

-

Table 4.8Remults of plant observatLon ina 2.1 location

No. Local NamO Latin Name Calculatlon

RD RPF SI sDR

1. Bungur La orstromia up. 6,81 5,08 11,89 5,942. 8ati-bati, Adina ap. 2,27 1,69 3,96 1,983. Baniten Polyalthia p. 9,09 13,S5 22,64 11,324. Bintangor Callophyllum up. 2,27 3,38 5,65 2,835. Dadap Etrythrina op. 4,54 3,38 7,92 3,966. Jambu hutan EugenLa op. 2,27 1,69 3,96 1,967. Ketapanql Terminalia up. 4,54 3,38 7,92 3,968. Kujajing Ficus up. 4,54 3,38 7,92 3,969. Kruing Dlpterocarpuu op 4,54 5,08 9,62 4,8410. Laban Vitex pubescent 6,81 6,77 13,48 6,79ll. Languat 2,27 1,69 3,96 2,02_12. Mahang Hacaranga 4 54 3,36 7,92 3,9613. Manugglun Garcinia op. 2, 27 1,69 3,96 1,9814. Meranti Shore& mp. 6,81 6,67 13,48 6,7415. Madang pirawan 6,81 6,67 13,48 6,7416. Menakudu Citronolla up. 2,27 1,69 3,96 l,9817. Nydoh Pflangium ap. 6,81 6,77 13,48 6,74l8. Futat Baringtonia up. 2,27 1,69 3,96 1,9819. Paning-paning Quorcus up. 4,54 3,38 7,92 3,9620. Pilanten Alstonia up. 2,27 1,69 3,96 2,8221. Renga. Gutta op. 4,54 3,38 7,92 3,7722. Ul1n Eusidaroxylon up 4,54 3,38 7,92 3,9423. Waru Hibiscus op. 2,27 1,69 3,96 1,98

Table 4.9Resujlt of plant obsarvation in I.2 location

No. Local Naum Latin Name Calculation

RI) RF isi SDR

1. Bunqur Lagerstromia op. 4,44 5,35 9,79 4,892. Baniten Polyalthia up. 11,11 10,71 21,82 10,913. BLntangor Callophyllum op. 4,44 3,57 8,01 4,004. Jambu hutan Eugenla ap. 4,44 3,57 8,01 4,00S . Kelapa Cocos sy. 8,88 10,71 19,59 9,796. KandrL Cs 4,44 5,35 9,79 4,897. Xapur Driebalanops sp. 4,44 3,57 8,01 4,00S. Laban vitex pubescent 8,68 8,92 17,80 8,909. Hahang Macaranga 4,44 3,57 8,01 4,00

10. Nyamp1ung Callophyllum op. 4,44 7,14 11,58 5,7911. Nyatoh Palangium op. 2,22 1,78 4,00 2,0012. Pandan Pandanus up. 4,44 7,14 11,58 5,7913. Pisang Musa Sp. 8,88 8,92 17,80 8,9014. Putat PLanchonia sp. 2,22 3,57 5,79 2,8915. aengas Cutta Bp. 4,44 5,35 9,79 4,8916. Waru Hibiscus sp. 11.11 12,50 23,16 11,28

Table 4.10Result of Plant observatLon La 1.3 location

No. Local Name Latin Name Calculation

RD RI ZBZ SDR

1. Bungur Loagrstromia sp 6,15 7,69 11,87 6,932. Rati-bati Adina up. 2,27 1,92 4,19 2,093. Baniten po1yalthLa cp. 4,54 3,84 , 38 4,194. Sintangor Callophyllum up. 4,54 3,84 835 4,195. BeringLn FLeuu up. 2,27 1,92 3,39 1,696. 3ayur Ptarepoermum up. 2, 27 1 92 4,19 2 ,097. Dunflun BrownlowiL op. 2,27 1 ,92 4.11 2,09U. Durian Doric sp. 2,27 1,92 4,19 2,099. Kruing Dipterocarpum op 4,54 3,84 8,38 4,1910. Ketapang Terminalia sp. 2r27 1,92 4,19 2,0911.: K Drlobalanopu op. 2:27 1,92 4:19 2,0912. SOka 2, 27 IF92 4,19 2,0913. Kinagara Diptu:ocarpus ap 2,27 1,92 4j19 2,0914. Laban Vitex ap. 13,63 23,07 36,70 18,3515. Kahang macaranga op. 6,18 7,69 13,87 6,9316. manggur Garcinia up. 2,27 1,92 4,19 2,0917. MHranti kunLng Shorea op. 4,54 7,69 12,23 6,1118. Shorea morah Shore up. 2,27 3,84 6,11 3,0519. Nyatol Palangqum *p. 4,54 3,84 8,38 4,1920. Putat Planchionia p. 2,27 1,92 4,19 2,0921. Paring-paring Quercus lp. 4,54 3,84 8,38 4,1922. PAmbas Chaotocarpua up. 4,54 3,84 a,38 4,1923. Tarap Artocarpus up. 2,27 1,92 4,19 2,0924. Ulin Zuslderoxylon up 4,54 3,84 8,38 4,1925. Piper Piper Sp. 4,54 3,84 8,38 4,1926. Rambutan Nephalium up. 4,54 3,84 8,38 4,191

Table 4.11Result of Plaut Observation in t.4 location

No. Local Nam Latin Name Calculation

RD RF ZsI SDR

1. Sungur Lsa9 rstromia up 9,30 10,86 20,16 10,082. Bati-bati Adina ap. 6,97 6,52 13,31 6,653. Jaranan 2,23 4,34 6,66 3,334. Johar Casia op. 6,97 8,69 15,66 7,835. Kayu tulang _ 6,97 6,52 13,49 6,746. Laban Vitex up. 6,97 6,52 13,49 6,747. iAranti merah Shorea up. 6,9? 8,69 15,66 7,838. Manggis hutan Garcinia sp. 2,32 2,17 4,49 2,249. Merantl Vutih Shorea up. 6,97 8,69 15,66 7,8310. Hadang pirawas Citronella up. 4,6, 4,34 8,99 4,4911. Rengas Gutta sp. 6,97 6,52 13,49 6,7412. Putat PlanchonLa sp. 6,97 6,52 13,49 6,7413. Paring-paring Quercus up. 6,97 8,69 15,66 7,8314. Randu Gos$ipium up. 4,65 4,34 8,99 4,4915. Tarap Artocarpus ap. 4,65 4,34 8,99 4,4916. Kerulng Dipterocarpus op 2,23 2,.17 4,49 2,24

RD = Relative DiversityRF = Relative FrequencyISI Important Score IndexSOR Summed Dominant Ratio

r~~~~~~~~Bascd on SDR, there is a conclusion that this forest is dominated by erect plants(bushes).

4.2.2. Genemrl Funal Situation In the Jorong District

The existence of animals always bears a relationship to their habitat, therefore in theecosystem both of them have a relation to each other. Mammals, bird and reptilesare found in the Jorong area. The mammal most easily seen is the wild pig (Su

kbuatia), which constantly threatens farmers fields.

Traces can be found In the nearby forest, wher people usually trap pigs using wire,and then sell them on the market. Other mammals are bekcnran, monkeys and

ltung (seei around the river).

There are many varieties of birds. Most are easily observed, especially in the after-noon when they are most active. Species which are most visible include tekukzsr,sriguntfng, balamu and prenjak. There are also many cucudc udang birds, alap-alapbirds, and a group of parrots, especially in the evening, that fly to the jungle.

Visible reptiles include lizards, chameleon and water snakes, but all are relativelyshy. According to local people, crocodiles still inhabit rivers of the Jorong district. It

seems that local people have little interest In exploiting such animals, which can beconsidered positive from the conservation view. These local people only raise ani-mals like ducks, goats and buffalo. According to local people, the trade in wildanimals is not common. Some animals of this areas are protected, for instance

Nasalis lavartus (Bekantan), and Bustatur sz (Elang cokela).

Based on information from local people, wild animals which are secn directly and

indirectly incltude:

A. Amphibians

1. Ran pm,, (Land frog)

2. Igla p. (Plant frog)3. Bufo sp. (Bufo frog)

B. Reptiles1. Varanus 1salDagr (Monitor Lizard)

2. Abatula sp. (Green Snake)

3. CRhotes aRL (Chameleon)4. ;;kco .Q (lbkeO

S. Phyton sJ. (Sawah Snake)

C. Birds (Aves)

1. Srlgunting nig1urus macrucesa)

2. Falcons (AcLipIter =Y3, White headed hawks*

4. Grey headed hawks"S. Rangkok ucj5rsinocena5YP

6. Trowokan (Rlnonatuspg)

7. Singing birds8. Thkur )(S=Loda

9. Kadk lrlron spn)

10. Prenrak atpnaw)11. Bahrm (Clumba- up)12. Kutilang tPynonotus s.)

13. Kepodang

14. Empni (Lon-wu-asp.)15. Bubut Cnpus sp.?

16. Cucakrvo

17. Srfndit Uttida IR

18. Pelatuk gpus)

19. Gelak (PaddaSD)20. SrUi aHirundn sp.)

21. Betet anhisp.!)22. Burung Penghisap Madu (Anthroptes spL*

23. Ayam Hucn (Coloamba sp.)

24. Blekok (Ardeolasp.)

25. Raja Udang (ygaWcon sp.)u*

B. Mammals

1. Monlkeys aMicaca .Q

2. Lwung PmkyIissp3. Wild pigs (Sus barbftus)4. Otters (eyno b OettiO5. Buck (C=us sW.6. Musang ( maradoxuwuLW7. Ltngsang (CDngual?c.!8. Bear (Helastos W*9. Wild Cat (ftis ;p.i10. Trengglling (Mainis11. Rat cP.attu.sp.)12. Bekan:an caiisa LUA)*13. Owa-Owa aWobates mj

Note: * Animals that are protected

4.2.2.1. Aguatic Biota of Asam-Asam River

Aquatic biota found in this area include:

1. Sago fishes2. Girey mullets

3. Kakap (Lates A)4. ILan kuruk (Qm .i.cIabusis.)5. Sting rays6. Pintmang (Glystrenum P27. Shrimps (Macrobrachium' sp.)8. Crabs9. Sidat (Anguilla sp.)

Based on the list above, it can be said that the Asam-A -am River is very importantfor the migration of the Sidat Fish (Anguilla sM.). Beside that, the Asam-AsamRiver also has economic significance, because there are at least 3 brackish watershrimp areas (Macrobrachium sp.) and Bandeng fish culture areas (Elops sp.)

around Asam-Asam river. Besides that, in certain seasons petople can also 'haresLtshlrimps natunlly from the main river.

4.2.2.2. Planktonic and benthic organisms

Based on plankton sampling, the Asam-Asam River is shown to have low diversity(Appendix 2).

This indicates that these waters are not suitable for pelagic life such asfishes. The low diversity of bcnthic organisms is attributed to the scarcity of litter inthe bottom sediment, which has no doubt been washed away due to heavy boat traf-fic in the river.

4.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC, SOCIO-CTLTURAL AND PUBLICHEALTH

4.3.1. Population Density

4.3.1.1. Population at Asam-Asam Village

The demographic data presented in this report is taken from records available fromAsam-Asam village and the neighboring village of Muara Asam-Asam, which bothbelong to the Jorong subdistrict; some data is also derived from Pandansari, in theKintap Subdistrict. The data is presented in Mible 4.12.

Table 4.42.Total of Adults and Children Population

according to Gender in the year 1988.

VillaS^e/ ub- Adult Ch ildren_ distr%ct Hale Female a Total Kale Female i Total

Jorong 5993 5803 11802 4705 4628 9333Xintap 4418 4055 8473 3973 3867 7840

Source : Subdistrict in Figures, 1989.

1t Is apparent that Jorong sub-district has a gTeater population than other villages.

Furthermore, Jorong subdistrict also has a greater population than Kintap. Popula-

tion density in general is between 6 to 30 people per square kilometer. The discrep-

ancy between numbers and density is due to greater land intensity in lorong Sub-

district compared with Kintap. Kintap has no paddy fields, whereas Jorong Sub-dis-

triit has 400 ha of paddy fields, and 4,988 ha of simple waternng fields, Kintap sub-

district has no Ticemill, whereas Jorong sub-district has 8 ricemills.

According to the 1990 data issued by the Village Administration Office in Asam-

Asam, the population of the village of Asam-Asam at the at the end of 1992 (the

time of the study on environmental impact analysis) numbers 4,691 people distribut-ed according to Table 4.13 below:

Table 4.13Population of 1hsAm-AsYA Villge

Age male Pemle Total

0 - 4 298 275 5735 - 9 352 335 6a710 - 14 276 242 S1815 - 19 163 197 36020 - 24 210 230 44025 - 29 208 250 45830 - 34 200 145 34535 - 39 210 153 36340 - 44 101 5S 15945- 49 111 4 16550 -54 40 36 76Ss-59 9S 93 18660 -64 11 - 11> 65 350 - 350

TOTAL 2625 2066 4691

Source: the office of the Village of Asam-asam.

Population composition according to profession for Asam-Asam village in 1990 is as

follows:

1. Farmer : 2603 persons.

2. Merchant : 310 persons.

3. Craftsman 34 pesons.

4. Services : 23 persons.

5. Skilled labor 10 persons.

6. Retired official 6 persons.

7. Govemment official : 3 persons.

8. Others S persons.9. UneTnployed ; 1967 personis.

Comnposition of population who have passed their studios is as follows:

1. Primazy School : 1750 persons2. Sec*,ndary School : 905 persons.

T o t a I 2655 persons.

Since the local population of Asam-Asam Village in 1990 was 4691, the total edu-cated population comprises about 56.6 % of the population. There are 15 expatriatesworking in Asam-Asam. They are the Koreans, working as staff employees on thePT Hutan Kintap.

4.3.1.2. The Population at the Project Site

The populaion living at the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal SPP project site numbers36 families, consisting of a total of 144 people, or 3.2% of the total population ofAsam-Asam village (see Tble 4.14 below). Duning the formulation of the resettle-ment plan, a further 17 families were counted for relocation, in addition to the 19families collected at the time of the Environmenital Impact Assessment survey. Thisgives a total of 36 families.

Table 4.14 (1/2).POPULATION DA!A AT DANJAPNASIZ SPP PROJECT

No. Name of Family Age Educat. Occupation Person

01. RASIDI (ZDI) 32 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 3

02. ALI 19 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 2

03. ZADIR 24 SD Thatch Roof Artlcan 3

04. ASH1RN 29 SME?k Wood Trader 3

05. KISKAN 35 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 5

06. ELU4 CILNMI) 33 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 3

07. NY. HUSLIAH (Rusni-1) SO SD Thatch Roof Artisan I

08. TARMIJI 40 SD Trader 5

Ha. Namne of Family Age Educat. Occupation Person

09. MmSUD1 (ldMAR) 30 SD Trader 4

10. BUTARMA'I 53 sea Wood Trader 6

I1. 6AHRUN S0 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 4

12. RU8NZ 35 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 3

13. MAHDA2NI 30 ST Thatch Roof Artisan 3

14. HUSNI 24 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 4

15. RUSLlANSYAH 35 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 5

16. BAHANI 43 SHP Employee 6

1?. BACAU 50 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 8

18. R. PALIM 50 SMP Trader S

19. H. PANS - SHP Trader 3

20. MUNS 43 SD Trader 5

21. OANI S0 SD Fisherman 5

22. NANDAN 32 S0 Thatch Roof Artisan 4

23. ANCAH 30 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 7

24. YUNUS (UNUS) 35 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 5

25. BASUN 40 SD Trader 3

26. BANDAR 75 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 6

27. ABDULLAH 29 SD ThatCh.Roof Artisan 3

28. DURARMAN 4S SD Thatch Roof Artisan 3

29. SAIM2N 32 SD Labor 4

30. USAN 25 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 4

31. 2URPIN i2 SD Thatch Roof artisan 3

32. RHONSI 34 lAIN Employee 3

33. ARIANSYThR 30 SD Farmer 3

34. DAROSUWITO 40 SD Thatch Roof ArtLan 3

35. 1y. SASSAMA YUSRON 45 SD Thatch Roof Artisan 2

36. ANANG ALM1 32 SD Thatch Roof ArtJLan 3

T O T A L 144

Source : Primary Data - September 1993.

Nota :

BD a PreLlminary School

ST I Yunlor technlc Hlgh School

amp I Yunlor High School

SMEA s Sunlto High School

soD I Teaching EducatLon for Prelimlnary School

ZAIN a Islamlc Religious Institute

These discrepancies were due to the foilowing reasons:

1. the fact that seven families were not recorded at the time of the E1A, becausetheir houses were found empty;

2. eight families are located in the north of Baru creek, whom at first werenot going to be moved

3. two families recently occupied houses owned by someone else.

These 36 families to be moved consist of 23 farmilies (64%) earning a living asthatch roof artisans, 9 families 5%) as traders, 3 families (8%) as employees

in the sawmill Pr. Hutan Kintab and one remaining family (3%) as a fisherman,

The site location where the PAPs (People Affected by Projects) will be resettled

for Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant is shown in Figure 4.6.

- 4.3.2. Education

As in all other places in Indonesia, there is an elementary school in every village, a

secondary high schooi in a subdistrict, and one high sclool in every district. Educa-

tional facilities in the site study are shown in the following table 4.15:

Table 4.15Number of elementary schools, classes, students,

and teachers in the site study.

Village Number of

Schools Classes Students Teachers

Asam-asam 6 36 770 34Huara Asam-asam 1 6 199 5Pandansari 2 8 165 9

. 85~~~~~~~~~~~.

4.3.3. J.ob Opportunitties

People of working age are mostly employed in the business and agricultural fields,transportation senrices, as craftsmen and workers in the sawmill.

Agricultural workers are those who live In transmlgration localities Asam-ASam 1,Asam-Asam 11, Asam-Asam m and local transmigration area. They cultivate andplant dryland rice and other crops mostly during the rainy season only. Agriculturalyields are commonly low, as land productivity itself is low, even before threats frompcsts such as wild pigs. People usually cultivate their own land for subsistence re-quirements only.

There are craftsmen who plait nipah leaves for roofs. Nipah crafts are sold outsideas far Banjarmasin, and brokers are also involved. Other professions with relative-ly high returns are river and land transport services. River transportadon for humanand freight tansport operte between Asanm-Asam, Muara Asam-Asam, to Banjar-nmasin and vice-versa. Land transoortation offers the local people the opportunity tobe drivers of freight trucks, minibuses or motorbike for public (ojte). As mer-chants, they open shops selling common goods, fishes or woods. Other work fieldsinclude workers In saw mill industries.

4.3.4. Sources of Income

The natural environ ment commonly dictates economic and dwelling conditions.Since most of the villages in the area of study are crossed by rivers, most peoplebuild their houses on the river banks. Since rivers are like roads in this area, , mosthouses are erected on poles above the water. In the area of study, the houses areclustered on riverbanks or roadside. They who build houscs next to the road aremostly incoming people who came to open food stalls, workshops, vendors etc.

Dense settlement usually occurs only at the center of villages, such as around thepiers in Asam-Asam or Muara Asam-Asam, and the center of Pandansari village.Their houses are wooden, with wooden, nipah or corrugatcd sheet roofs. The betteroff usually have parts of their houses decorated by plywoods and painted beautifullyas the house of their village head.

Fy

TAble 4.16. shiows the general condition of econominc activities in the villages understudy:

Table 4.16Type and number of transportation eianu

and Lnduutrieu Ln AmaM-Amam.

Water tranuportatLon1. Motor boat : 502. Row boat : 20

_ Land transportation1. Trucks 112. Colt minitrueka a 43. Pauuonger cars : 174. Motor bikes X 2005. Bicyclem a 130

Znduatry/Craftsman1. Large ca.l industry: 12. Small scale industry i 113. Handicraft £ 34

Source r Amam-Asam village office 1991

The table above shows that motorboats dominate water transportation, whilst landtransport is dominated by 200 motorbikes. There is also a relativel'y large number(17) of passenger car owners.

Economic activity is heightened during the fishing season, which lasts 4 months.Another source of income is the handicraft of pleated nipah leaves for roofs. This isusually done by women, who can finish at least 100 nipah roofs a day. The market-ing of these crafts is done by brokers, who go as far as Banjarmasin with theirwares.

In the hutan ICintap area, local people often cut trees for sale.. This kind of work ispreferred by some people because it is quicker yielding than agricultural work,where rewards can only be reaped after several months. However, due to intensiveoperations by the forest services, private loggers have ceased their activities; most ofthem are now changing jobs to become ojek drivers (motorbikes for hire).

There are some otier occupations such as running food and drink stalls, or cateringservices to the employees of the saw mills and surrounding community.

From the questionnaire distributed during the study, it can be seen that most of therespondents have extra jobs beside their agricultural activity. 12 persons werecraftsmen, 6 merchants sold fish, and 3 were wood traders. The average annual

income of the craftsmen (daily workers) is Rp 5,105,455, while the merchants whowork seasonally receive around Rp.4,248,333 per year; woodtraders receive Rp3,920,000.00 per year for works, which depends on the availability of the logs.Further details are given under Section 7.5, below.

4.3.5. Wealth/Assets of Families Living In the Project Sile

Dati of family numbers living on the project site have been given under Section4.3.1.2 above. House width and asset values of respcndents living on the project siteis shown in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21ra:lyt nuber, houBe width and property value

of people living within the project site.

No. N a m _ a Jumlah Luam Ni^l Pekeri aanI . ________ lcaluarga rumah (Rp)

1 Abdulah 5 4 x 6 600.000,- Pengraj in2 Bacok 8 4 x 6 55D.000,- Plngra in3 Jaslani 5 8 x 5 F00.000,- Pwngra in4 Helmi 4 5 x 7 750.000,- Pongra in5 Hurni 1 5 x 7 700. 000,- Pengra in6 Syahrun 4 5 x 6 700.000,- Pengra in7 Ali 2 3 x S 350.000,- Pongra inS Kadir 3 4 x 6 600.000,- Pungra in9 Ximman 5 3 x 5 300.D00,- Psngra in

10 Eddy 2 3 x 5 300.000,- Pengral in12 IlNm 4 4 x 6 600. 000,- Pengraj in12 Junaidi 2 4 x 6 550.000,- Pongrajin13 rmar 4 5 x 9 900.000,- Ped. kayu14 Mahdiani 3 4 x a 700.000,- Pod. kayu15 Sutarman 9 6 x 9 g9a.000,- Ped. kayu16 Rusni 3 5 x 6 700.000,- Pengrajin17 Aahari 4 5 x 9 900.000,- Ped. kayu18 Lahat 5 5 x 8 750.000,- Dagang19 H. Halim 5 5 x 8 800. 000,- Dagang20 Miasajid - 6 x 8 800.000,- _

Sumiber Hamil Analisis Data Primer, tahun 1992

4.3.6. Mobility of the Local Population

Population mobility cannot be separated from professions and incomes. Peoplemove to different places for work or business. Those who go to get what thcy needoften go as for as Pelaihari, Banjarbaru or even to BanjarMasin, but most of themonly go as far as Pelaihari.

86

4.3.7. Local Perceptiou or the SPP

There are no unusuIal social perceptions about the planned Mine Mouth Coal FiredPower Plant. People have heard from village officials, relatives and neighbors aboutthe plan for the Banjarmasin Coal Fired Power Plant to be Located at the coastal sitein Muara Asam-Asam. Mlost people in Muara Asanm-Asam already know that theirlands will be acquired by the project, and some have even asked when the projectwill be constructed. Announcements on the village notice board, prohibiting them toconstruct new buildings and cultivate land within the project area, increase theirconfidence that the Power Plant projects is really coming. On the other hand, mostpeople In Asam-Asam village have not received clear information concerning theproject. Information that their land will be acquired by the project is receivedthrough technicians who set up obsenration equipments.

Based on all interviews that have been done, actually all people and labors of PTHutan Kintap who live in the project site, they do not mind if their settlements aremoved. They will move to another areas around their settlements which placearound river that have many open spaces and the people also not so crowded. Thesame is the case for the labourers of PT T{utan Kintap, who will move to substitutebarracks, so there will be no trouble in managing land and its settlements. So far,the only problem they have is that all of the head families not sure of their landstatus, because they have no land ownership certificate.

Number of families who live in barracks of PT Hutan Kintap is as below in Table4.22.

Tabl* 4.22Number of Peo ple who live in barracks

- of ;t. Eutan Kintap

No. Name Number Wide of occupationof family houseI

1 Banjar 1 53 450 m2 PT. tutanKCintap

2 Banjar 2 27 390 m2

Source: Primary Data 1992.

4.3.8. Land Ownership Status

Based on the ownership status map of lbnah Laut Regency, the project site occupiesland under forest exploitation right status (H1PH-Figurc 4.8). Other parts are under

~~~~~~~~~~~~0 -

conservation forest, protection and conservation, certified ownershiip, state land,and land owned by custom (adat).

State land includes land owned by the Government and not yet exploited by the localpopulation. In Asam-Asam village, this state land is occupied by PT Hutan Xintapsaw-mill. Ianah adat (land owned by custom) is government land already used bylocal people for agricultural as well as settlement purposes. Settlement areas withinthe project site are located on the banks of the Baru creek and Asam-Asam River,consisting of 36 houses of local people. Since this Is government land, people havethe right to use only the the land they have settled or farmed.

The land area they occupy corresponds to their capacity to develop and look after,as well as their needs. They appear to know only the width of the land, whereas thelength depends on their ability and needs. The status of land and ownership is ex-plained in greater detail in Section 7.4.1. below.

4.3.9. Public health

Based on data of disease patterns, it is evident that infection of the Upper Respirato-ry Tract (1U0 is ranks high among 10 common diseases in the vicinity of AsamAsam and Jorong (gable 4.23 and lTble 4.24). Malaria, fever and diarrhea alsoprevail, although on a lower rank.

Table 4.23Disease Pmttcm in Asm Asm C..aanity Heatth Center

on January-Aprit and Juty 1992

No. January Totrl April Total July Total1992 199Z 1992

1 IURt 13 IURT 7 tURT 72 Hypertension 8 Fever 5 Rheumttism 53 lypotenulon 6 IlingIvitis 5 Nypertension 44 Tetanus 6 Dermatitis 3 TrauNa 45 Fever 6 Hypertension 3 Vitrmine deficiency 3

_~ 6 Vutnum S Strmach disorder a Stomach disorder 37 Asthmatism S Asthuatism 2 GLand infection 2a Dermatitis 4 ULcer 1 Malaria 19 Diarrhea 2 Conjunctivitim 1 Fever I

_ 10 MaLaria 1 Tooth caries 1 Diarrhea _

Source Huara Asam Asm Coumanity Health Center, Tunah Laut South KaLimantan, 1992.

Table 4.24Diesas Pattern In Jernu ConnunIty heLth Center

October 1991 - Octbebr IM2

No. October To- Fobruary To' iw' To- October To-1I99 tel 1992 ta 1992 tal 1092 tat

1 IURT 52 DermatItls 79 IUAT 94 Maatria Ila* Other dtmemn 41 MoalarIa 32 ermettlas 73 oermetItie 110S Dermntitis 36 Othor disute 39 Nolore 47 Other disease 7T4 Diarrhea 28 IURT 37 Uleer 42 IuRT 765 Viral Infection 27 Ulcor 27 Other dimeasm 38 TubercuLosis 72* Others infectlon 25 Other disese 21 Hypotenston 36 MIcrooaI 617 T*erouteulle 24 Accident 19 Teercutols 33 RheumatIlm 52B Meaarla 23 Hypotensian 17 lccitlary dymentry 25 ulear 49

_ 9 Accident 21 Conjunetivtcls 15 Other disease 22 Hypertension £710 CaphllaIa 19 other infectIon 13 Nypertenelon 19 Accident 36

_ Source Jorong HooLth Center. Tenah Lsut, South Kaltfmntan 1992.

The disease pattern shows that in Kintap subdistrict the most common illness is

IURT foliowed by dermatitis, vitamin deficiency and malaria. One thing that de-

serves attention is that in the Kintap area, there are cases of venereal disease in some

women (ile 4.25).

Tabte 4.25Disae Pattern In LKntap Cnoejity Keith Center

_ fri Auguat 1991 to AhIt 1992.

No. Augut To- Dcutir To- Apri l To- August To-1991 tat 1991 tal 1992 tal 1992 teL

I IURT 71 Dermatitis ZURT 134 IURr 1012 Diarrha 33 JURY oermatitis 54 Dernmtitis 673 Vtatine deficiency 32 Vit. deficiency Malaria 46 Malaria 564 MaLaria 23 Diarrhea Utcer 27 Diarrhea 22S Dermtitis 26 malaria Mlaria 46 Halaria 566 Ulcer 22 Tubarculosis Diarrhea 19 Ulcer 227 TStrculocsia 20 Ulcer Conjunct ivftis 17 ConjunctivitIs 20O Typhoid 13 Becyllary dysuntry Hypertenh Ian 14 Micosis 169 Cephalgia 8 InfluLrnza Fever and haert 13 AsthmatIm 16

10 Verral disease 7 Hypertension Tuberculesas 13 Hypertension 13

Source: Kintap Keith center, Tanah Lwut, South latimntan, 1992.

The above table shows that infection of the Upper Respiratory Tract always ranksfirst (bronchitis, influenza and other disorder of the respiratory organs). In the PT

Hutan Kintap clinic, malaria ranks 4, 5 and 6 (Table 4.26).

IV - 33

Toble 4.26Disuse patterns In thu PT Rutan Kintup Cilnic

frte August Wi" to August 1W2

No. August To- December To' April To- August To-1991 tat 1991 lta 1992 taL 1992 tat

I Bronchiti 126 TURT 129 lnfLuenza 131 KURT 722 Influenza 104 Ironchitt 124 aronchltif 92 Other respfrotaory doseaae 493 Other Infection 62 Other infection 51 Other dfiasas 45 BronchitltJ 364 Malaria 61 Other des.ss. 46 MiaLtel 37 Skin Infection 27_ Other disease 41 Mlteria 31 Mataria 36 other Infectfon ZL6 ConJunctivitis 36 Conjunctlivtls 21 Utcer 14 Malaria 217 Pli*1als 34 MiaLafi 18 Diarrhea 12 Other deuease 16A Dermatitis 22 Anemi 14 Conjunctivltis 11 Nlatoll 159 Tooth caries 11 Darmatleti 12 other Infection 9 Fungic fnfectIon 1310 NypertwnsIon 9 Gastro enteritls 11 Tooth carle A Tooth carfes 13

Source t PT Hutan Kintwp clinic, South atfLmentan, 1992

- The above table shows that Tnfection of the Respiratory Tract (IURK, bronchitis,influenza, and others) is always the highest case among others. Special for PTHutan Kintap Clinic, malaria is not the lowest, but between number 4 and 6. Micro-biological analysis of water for coil faecal and coliform Is given in table 4.27 below:

Tabls 4.27sKctarfoeLglcal quylty of water

Nbr. Lab. Locality MPN Coll FaecaLNbr. per 100 cc coil

1 4091 Private VaLL Kintap SPK 1 0 a2 4092 Irackish Water Kintap PC I 280 220

_. 3 6093 Baru Rfvwr Kintap SBS 7 2,400 > 2.4004 409 Asam sam River upstream NSA 11 2 2,400 3505 4095 Private Well Asan SPA I > 2,4C0 3506 4006 Baru River Junctfon PSBA Il 3 2,400 >2.6007 4097 Boundary site of Asam BSA ll > 2,400 2, 4008 4098 Muara ARam i1 2,440 129 4099 Nuara's people well SPK 11 >2,40W 4610 4100 The beginning of Asam HSM 2 2,600 LO 2,40011 4101 Pulau Kadop's people watl 22 2

Note: observation above is based on the Health Minister Regulation of IndonesiaNurber i 416/4EPJES/Per/11/1990. coliform is per 100 it sampte.

Table 4.27 shows that the content of coliformn is relatively low in Kintap communi-ty, Kintap swamps and the public well near PT Hutan Kintap, whereas in otherplaces the content of coliform is more than 2,400/ml, that is Sungai Baru, the Junc-tion of Sungai Baru and Sungai Asam-Asam, the boundary bctween Project site and

Asam-asam river.

Within Jorong Subdistrict (where the Coal Fired Power Plant will be located) thehealth service conditions are fairly good. There are Community Health Center,AuKiliary Community Health Center, Clinic and Special Clinic for infants, The Joronghealth facilities can be seen in Table 4.28.

Tabte 4.28*PubLIc NHeelth FacIlIlties In Twnah Lout Regemy.

Sub dOatrict CamunI ty AuxI I 1ryHealth Cow" lIty Cltnic DICIACenter Health Center

1. doran 2 6 1 22. Iintap 1 2 1

T Oa t 3 l 3

Source i Fact and Figures of Tumh Lout Roumncy. 1990. Statisticat Ottfc.

otal medical personnel working in Jorong are 2 persons, which is not as good as inPelaihari, where there arc 3 general practitioners and 3 dentists. There were nospecialists or dentists in Jorong up to 1990. The data of medical personal in lInahLaut Regency can be seen in table 4.29.

Table 4.29Medical Personnal in Tanah Last R.gency 1990.

i GenQral Dentiat Speciali*tSub dintrict PractitionQr

1 Jorong 2 _2. Kintap I _

T o t a 3 _ -

Source : Fact and fiares of Tanah Laut Regency, 1990Siatintical Office.

CHAPTER V

5.0. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5.1. IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT

The eniironment[ impacts of the proposed project can be subdivided into 3 catego-ries: (a) preconstruction, (b) constmction and fe-) post construction.

(a). Preconstruction impacts include:

* investigative surveys,* the processes of land acquisition and resettlement.

(b). Construction impacts include:

* land clearing and preparationa movement and operation of heavy construction equipment* the extraction or borrow of local materals for construction and disposal of spoil* the concentration of a fairly large construction labor force, many of whom may

come from outside the local region.

- (c) Post-construcdon or operational impacts will include:

_ * gaseous emissions from the chimney* liquid effluent and solid wastes from the power plant,* housing colony and office facilities.

5.2. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS

Matrix A below shows whether various project activities have any impact or not onthe different environmcntal components during lhe three main phases of pre-construction, construction and post-construction. Since it is clear from Matrixc A that

no.. al project activities will affect the environment, Matrix B goes on to showwhether the impacts that are anticipated are positive or negative.

matrlx A: Presence of Imy_tc

ActivitieS Pro Construction PostNo. Coaen nt Conte. Conmtruetion

Envtwirntrl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Coaiponents 1 2 3 567 I r 9 l 10 12

1. Chem, Gar thXlfc_

_ 1. CUnmt. 0 0 0 a 0 a a a a o a a2. air ukltty a o o v v v a v a o o3. NolM f o o v v v v 0 v a 0 0

ll. Phvslaaranh-v Ceology

1. Topography o o a a 0 0 a a 0 0 a 02. colo9y 0 o o o 0 0 0 o o o o3.Soll e o o o a a a o o v 0 o

_ 111~~~~. "*roLflIl. ydratan

1. surfacoe ater Quantity a a o a o a a a a 0 0 02. Surface Water Ouality o a o o a o a a v v o v

_ 3. Groundwater 0antity 0 0 0 a o o o o a a a4. Grourndwater Ouwllty o o o a a a o o 0 0 a o5. Flood Dbit o a 0 o o 0 0 e 0 o o a6. Erosion and Sdlmmntctlon o a a a v V a v o 0 0

_ 7. TIdat a 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a a

IV. Space. Sol I Lrnd

1. R.glnal a a 0 a 0 0 0 c a 0 0 0= 2. Soi Cheract.rlatics o o o a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 a

3. Soil Peritility o 0 a o a a o o a a 04. Land Utilty a o a o a 0 a 0 0 o a a

_ V. i;at;

1. 0 0or a a 0 v 0 0 0 a 0 0 02.Faima 0 o a a V 0 0 a a a o o3. Aquatic Organisms V a 0 0 v v v 00 a 0 V

VI. Sacio-Cuttur

1. Pap.Donsity o a v 0 a a a v 0 a o a2. Education 0 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 v 03. Job Opportunity o a v a a a a v o a v a4. Income a a v 0 0 a 0 a o 0 v 05. Sfte project's 0 0 v a 0 0 0 a a a 0 0puapLe's Job

6. Traffic o a a v a v a o o a a a7. Pop. Mobility 0 o a 0 a a a 0 08. socfaL Unrest v v a a a 0 0 v a a a 09. Land Ownershfp oa 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 a o ojlO Pubtic Health 0 0 a a v 0 a a a v 0

Mote:

1. Survey and field researches 7. Thenit power plant construction_ 2. Acqufsitlon and resetttlunt 8. Libor's tayroff

3. Labor recruitment 9. Electric energy generated process4. Equipant and materlals wobilization 10. Ash dispoqal5. Land cLearing 11. Electric energy distribution6. Appropriation of materials 12. Maintenhncea a Their Is no ihpmctv thore is an impact

q3NutrIx L: Type of lwct c+ ar -)

ACtivitles Pro Construction PostNo. Cnmponent Conte. Construction

tCmIwqonrntst 1234_ _1_7_ _9_0111_2_^ Cen^"nentt 1 ~~~~~~~~2 3 4 3 r _ 9 l 11

1. goo-PhilSicChomicel

S. AIr Qulilty . .

b. Noise . .

C. Soil charactsr1atie

d. Surface water Oualfty

_ . Wter Quality

g. Erosion and *udtmsntatlon . . .

a. FLora

b. fauns

- c. Aquatic organisms

a. Pop. Density +

b. Edueation

C. Job opportun(ty +_

d. Incom 4 +

e. People in the site 4project's incom sources

_. Traffic

9. Social Unrost .

h. PubLic Neatth _

Note:1. Survey and ffeLd researches + a Positive Impect2. Land acquisition I resettimunt - a Negative ilpsct3. Labour recruitment4. Euipnments and materislt mobitization5. Land clearing

6. Approprfation of matertals_ 7. Thermat powcr ptant construction

a. Labors's ly-off9. ELtctric energy genereted proceos

10. Ash disposalII. Etectric cnergy distribution12. Maintenance

Where liegative impacts are indicated, implies that careful planning and design mustbe made to midigate these impacts.

_ 5.3. EVALUATION OF IMPACTS

5.J.1. Pre-Comstructlon

5.3.1.1. Survey and flield lovestigation

Surveys and field investigations cause people in the site and surrounding area to- zknow that their land and houses may be used for PLTU project. If local people are

not correctly and openly informed about project plans, it can cLuse unecssary socialunrest, a moderately significant negative impact.

5.3.1.2 Land acquisLtion and resettlement

According to World Bank guidelines, Project Affected People or PAP s must becompensated in such a way that their economic condition after such resettlement is atleast as good, and if possible better, than before. In order to meet this condition,special attention will be paid to the 36 families to be resettled (See Section 7.5below).

Negative impacts during this process include unwarranted land speculation anduncertainties and fears concerning the relocation process,which may trickle throughto the surrounding area. Land speculation may be caused if certain people hope theycan sell their land to the proect at above the normal price, although they know theyhave been occupying government land for long time. Unless handled firmly andopenly, hearsay alone can drive up the price and the effect spread to nearby areas.Unrest may also be caused where the target population are unsure if their prospec-tive resettlement location is accessible to the Asam-Asam River or not. This is veryimportant because most of them work as nipah leaf roof craftsmen, and the nlpah(ipah fruticanz) leaf is obtained from brackish water in the river. So understand-ably they hope for a resettlement location on the riverbank.

V-4

P-

5.3.2. Construction

5.3.2.1. Effect of labour recniitmneit

a. Effects on pulatin density

Labour recruitment will absorb 600 field workers and 75 expert workers. Thenumber of 675 people will increase population density from 27 persons/km

- square to the 32 personslkm square. The increase In population density willintensify social interacfions, so human resources in the area will also increase.Effects of a sudden influx of outsiders are always two-sided. On the one hand,ncw information, perceptions, technology and understanding are brought intothe area, on the other hand, conflicts of custom and jealousy can also occur.

b. JoQb g_ortLnities

The project will create some job opportunities for local people either working onaspects of the construction, or as suppliers of secondary services such as cater-ing, washing, toiletries, transportation etc. Such activity is considered positive,since it improves circulation of cash and entrepreneurial spirit within the localeconomy. However, the number of secondary suppliers is clearly limited notonly by the numbers of project employees, but by the education levels andentrepreneurial dynamism of local people to service such needs.

- UMany local people, especially youth, already hope for employment during theconstruction phase. Although there will certainly be some opportunities fordirect employment in construction, it is better to be realistic and open aboutsuch hopes. While it is the unwritten policy of the PLN and the Indonesiangovernment in general to hire local labour where possible, in practice: (i) con-tractors determine this choice (ii) there is no legislation to enforce hiring oflocal labour, even if a local contractor is appointed and (iii) even unskilledlabour, which is generally the only category which local people can expect to begiven, is often imported from the contractors home town; if a local contractoris appointed, he is likely to be from Kindp or even Banjarmarsin.

c. Income

Due to spending of wagceasrning construction workers, cash circulation in the

local economy will be Improved, and thus indirectly the. economy of the localpeople, in keeping with their ability to cash in on the opportunities as directworkers or/and suppliers of secondary services. This improvement in cash circu-lation is considered to be a moderately significant positive impact during theconstruction stage.

d. Transfer of Informaion and technolotv

The project will engender a transfer of skill and knowledge from outsiders to thelocal people. Normally local people have relatively less skill and educationcompared to workers from outside. The transfer occurs in social and workexchanges. Besides technical matters, outsiders bring new perceptions regardingoccupation, showing that there are other ways of earning a living besides tradi-tional occupations of farming, fishing and thaching. This impact is consideredpositive and significant.

5.3.2.2 Land clearing

Land clearing will affect the following items:

a. A&kquality

Land clearing, levelling and preparation will increase dust levels and thusdecrease air quality. However, this impact is considered of small negativesignificance due to the short irme period concerned and the fact that the dust isnatural, as opposed to toxic or chemical.

b. -aia

This activity wil increasc noise levels to about 85 Db (A). This condition willaffect workers on the site and workers of PT. Hutan Kintap Sawmill, who livein surrounding area. The impact is moderately significant, because noise isrelatively high; however, this condition will last during the initial stages ofproject construction only.

c. Ersion and sedimentation

Land clearing often results in a loss of top soil, erosion and downstream sedi-

- 'f~~~~~~~t

mentation. Because part of the site is a swampy area, there is a possibiliLy lhatcoarse particles sediments will settle on the site, and fine or colloidal particles

will flow to the Asam-asam river.

According to Indonesian Environmental Quality standards, the water of the

Asam-Asam River is classified as Class B. This means that the water is appro-

priate for drinking (after boiling). However, the potential negative impact

caused by land clearing on erosion and sedimentation is predicted to be relative-

- ly small due to the flat topographyand location of land claering in relation to the

river. Aerial photos show that land is flat and almost all constrction well away

from waterways, except for minor construction for water intakes and outfalls.

Furthermore, construcdon can only be done during the dry season, thus mini-

mizing the effect of erosive rains.

d. El

The total area to be cleared is 110 ha, or about 0.70 % of the total area of

Merand Merah and Merann Kuning conversion forest in South KCalimantan. Inthe area we found plants covered by Mini'terial Decree No.54/Kpts121l992.

_ IHowever, In no cases are the ecosystems and habitats of such plants threatenedby cleaing of this relatively small area, since they are found in the surrounding

forest, as well as in many other places in South Kalimantan. Thus the impact of

land clearing on flora is considered of only minor significance.

- e. E-una

The land clearing of about 110 ha area will impact on habitats of fauna, espe-cially wild pig. However, there are large expanses of surrounding forest withsimilar make-up to migrate to, thus the impact is considered temporary, and ofinsignificant.

f. Aquatic organisms

Soil transportation downstream due to erosion from land clearing has beenestimated above as of minor significance due to the flat topography, as well as

_ the distance of clearing and construction sites from the river. However, thesmall amount of downstream soil transportation and sedimentation that doesoccur will increase turbidity, implying corresponding decreases in photosynthe-

sic rate and thus planktonic productivity. Nevertheless, because erosion will belimited for reasons given above, these knock-on effects are also considered oflimited significance.

g. Pubmlic hulth

Because the number of woroers (about 675) will be relatively high compared tothe population of any village In the subdistrict, any factor which influenced thehealth of all such workers would be locally highly significant. An increase Indust and noise could harm workers health. However, the nature of the illnesswould not be infectious or contagious, but externally induced, and thus th poten-tial impact is considered to be small.

5.3±2.3 Transportation of equipment and materials

The process of mobilizing equipment and material will use existing roads. This willaffect the following categories:

a Noise

Transportation of eqipment and materials will mnake use of heavy trucks andcontainers, which produce noise. However, because the absolute noise levels

are not likely to exceed 85 Db, and because the activity itself wiU be of limited

duration, the impact of increased noise levels from this source is not consideredof minor significance.

b. Traffic and road condition

Transportation along Sucui-Jorong road will cause periodic traffic jams and

degradation of the road. The impact to traffic from mobilization of equipmentand materials is mitigated by the relatively short period of this activity. (Thiscan be compared with the heavy impact on the sawmill road from daily truckingof coal and ash).

5.3.2.4 Appropriation and transport of materials

This actifity will affect

a. Air gialiy and noise

Materals are transported from quarry to the site using belt conveyor or trucks,

thus causing dust and noise. The negative impatct is minor due to the limitedfrequency and duration of the activity, which only occurs when the trucks pass

through thc area and will only last until the end of the construction phase. Noise

- is not expected to exceed 85 Db.

_ b. Erosion and sedimen=ation

If the quarrying areas are near the river, this may cause erosion, downstream

sedimentation and turbidity, which will affect the quality of drinking water.

However, the impact is considered to be of minor significance because the

numbcr of pooplc who use the water for drinking is relatively small, and the

duration of the activity is limited. i.e. until the end of the construction phase.

I-d. Aquatic oreanisms

The effect on aquatic organisms will be as described above under Section

5.3.2.3, Item (f) above, and significance level approximately the same.

e Traffic

During the period of transportating project equipment, traffic could be dis-turbed on the highway fromn Satui to Jorong and degradation of the road surface

accelerated.

The negatif impact is moderately significant, because heavy trucks will dominate

the Toads, Although the traffic in the road is not heavy, but it is still detrimental

to other users.

5.3.2.5 Construction of main structures of thermal power plant

a. Air quality and noise

The activity will increase dust caused by application of heavy machines.

However, the negative impact will be mitigated by the short duration of theactivity, and because the soil in the site is relatively wet and the dust will spread

only limited in the site.

b. Erosion. Sedimentation and comrnactisn

Soil compaction would be a problem if the site were to be used later for agricul-tural purposes. However, this is not anticipated, since the area is already rela-tively infertile and the project life is estimated as long. Erosion and sedimenta-tion will be limited for reasons given under land clearing above.

c. Agatic ornanisms

Comments are as for land clearing above.

5.3.3 Post-Construction or Operation Phase

5.3.3.1 Worker's lay-off

a. Population density

At the end of construction, workers will be laid off. The majority of workerswill return to their home town, thus reducing the population on site. This will

cause a temporary negative impact due to a decrease in the cash circulation.However, this should be somewhat offset by the arrival of the permanentemployees of the plant.

b. EmlymQnt

It is anticipated that the majority of workers will be imported, and thus returnto their home towns or other construction projects aller construction is complet-ed. Nevcrtheless, there will stiUl be some local workers who will return to astate of unemployment, or return to their former employment. This negativeimpact is considered minor because these people are only returning to their

former state, without any permanent deteroration to their income earning poten-tial. On the contrary, they wiU have had the opportunity to increase their sav-ings and also improve thcir skills and knowledge. However, although the nega-tive effects are considered to exceed the positive effects, skills training will stillbe in the package for those who have been relocated.

A few imported workers may stay in the locality until they can find a new job,or even permanently because of marriage. High levels of restless unemployedwould be a significant negative impact, but this is not anticipated.

5.3.3.2 Gaseous E-misIons

Burning coal will increase the ambient levels of SO NO gasses, and also flyingdust, which all have the potential to cause air pollution.

The products of combustion are SOX, NO., and CO2. Sulfurous oxides are producedduring combustion by the sulfur present in coal; nitrous oxides are produced by theinherent nitrogen in the fuel, as well as nitrogen in the air used for combustion,while carbon dioxide L the natural product of any combustion when carbon in thefuel unites with oxygen in the air.

However stack plume dispersion modeling has indicated that for the chosen stackheight of 100 m, the ground level concentrations of these pollutants will remain wellwithin the allowable threshold. (See Appendix D). Using the USEPA's SCREENModel, the predicted emissions at 660 MW generation level (ultimate plant capaci-ty), and using the design coal, are as follows:

Constituent Max.Concentration GOI WBStandard Standard

pglrn3 tgIm2 pg/r 3

S * 136.8 260 500

NOx 88.2 92.5 100

Dust 3.0 260 500

Based on the above, NO. emission is indicated to be within the regulatory limits asdecreed by Indonesian and World Bank- standards. The regulatory limit with respectto SO2 emission will be reached if the sulfur in coal should exceed 0.5%. Fly ashdischarged from the chimney in any 24-hour period, with the power plant running at

full load, will approximate 0.05 tons only for a toial quantity of 640 tons of coalfired in the boilers.

Although these levels are within limits, mitigation mcasures such as the installationof Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) and monitoring of the coal sulfur content willstiU be carried out. These are discussed in Chapter 7 below.

5.3.3.3 Solid wastes

The solid wastes produced by the project are fly ash and bottom ash from the boil-_ ers, and fugitive dust in the coal and ash handling facilities, and the water treatment

plants. If the Electrostatic Precipitators function correctly, the ash created from coalsin generating 660 bIW of electrical energy is estimated at about 60,000 ton/year.

P.T Arutmin have agreed to take all ash back to the mine for land reclamation andother purposes, Thererore, ash will only be stored on site for very short periods oftime. However, in the event of a breakdown of P.T Arutmin s trucks or their capaci-ty to handle the asb, provision for an ash disposal area has been made in a swampypart of the project site. Negative impacts may include leaching through to ground-water and raising of the surrounding soil pH.

Leachate water from ash disposal is a potential negative impact. However, since P.TArutmin have agreed to take all the ash back to the mine, any significant leaching tothe river will be greatly mitigated. The only danger would occur if a heavy rain-storm soakls the ash being stored temporarily awaiting arrival of P.T Arutmin scollection trucks. The effect of toxic and harmful percolation to groundwater off

such infrequent events is considered small

5.3.3.4 Liquid efMuents

The liquid waste streams include the following: (a) water treatment plant drains; (b)demineralizer plant wastes; (c) boiler blowdown; (d) cooling tower blowdown; (e)power plant misceUaneous drains; (f) mn-off and leachate from the coal and ash

yards; and (f) sanitary wastes.

Some of the liquid effluent will be ncutralized in a neutralizing basin, while otherstreams in a waste water treatment plant for the removal of ofly wastes and heavymetals. This water will then recycled for use as makeup for the cooling towers, andalso for spraying over the coal and ash piles to prevent dust nuisance while awaiting

NY tF)

collection by P.T Arutmin, In order to dispose of any oil wastes in an entvironmen-tally acceptable manner, PLN plans to install a flocculation system for oil/waterseparadon. The sanitary wastes will be ated in a sewage treatment plant.

At the time of writing, and prior to completion of the detailed design, it is notknown exactly what chemicals will be used in the water purification process, or whatother toxic effluents may be used in the operation process. Therefore, the potentialimpacts from chlorine or otber toxic effluents cannot be assessed. However, thequality of the waste water treatment plant will comply with regulatory requirements.To ensure there is a continual check on the content of discharges going into theriver, water quality and temperature monitoring will be carried out at the watertreatment plant s discharge gate, as well as upstream and downstream of the powerplant. (See annexed Figure).

5.3.3.5 Other Impacts

a. Groundwater levels

The cooling system used will be a closed system of 29 m'Isecond. Tn a closedwater cooling system, about 10% of water is lost by evaporation. 'Ib compen-sate, at least 2.2 m'/second of additional water will be required from Asam-asam river. Such offlakes are small compared to the discharge of the river. Theclosed system will minimize thermal pollution of the river.

- Most of the fresh water for boiler and utlities will be taken from groundwater(aquifer). Make up water for boiler and utlities will require about 26 1/sec, andthis will be pumnped from deep groundwater. After extensive drilling PLN

; considers supply from this source more than adequate, and that the negativeimpact on groundwater levels will be insignificant.

b. Noise

The electricity generation process will cause an increase in noise from znachin-ery inside the building. This is a negative, but not a significant impact, since allequipment will be designed for a maximum noise lcvcl of 85 DbA at 1 m fromthe equipment, i.e well within below the damage threshold of 90 Dba. Thenegatve impact is not significant, because noise is limited inside the building.

., 1)

Potential noise pollution to people outside is consdiered insignificant, since the

_ plant is located In a sparsely populated rural area, the fence several hundredmeters from the plant, and the nearest community even further away. The PLN

guideline of maximum 60 dtA at the fence wilIJ apply.

c. Safety

At the stage of writing and prior to completion of the Detailed Designs it is not

known what chemicals will be held in storage on site. However, the plant design

will include provisions for handling emergency situations that might be caused

_ by chemical spills, fires, etc.; safe use and storage of toxic chemicals and otherdangerous substances will comply with legislation are regulated by regulationsstipulated by the Departments of Industry and the Environment In the relevantlegislation, generally referred to as Clause B3 .

Coal will be stored in a coal yard, prior to being consumed in the boilers. In

the dry season, there may be a small danger of spontaneous combustion.-However, because the coal being used is lignite, which has high moisture levels(35%), the kelihood of this happening is small.

ctSocio-econowic and public health

Even though a number of workers, especially of the skilled categories, will

come from outside the locality, which could be cause for initial resentment, thelocal people will be enriched by the interacdon of culLure with the outsiders, as

well as transfer of skills. Some of the local people will find work in the con-

struction of the power plant and their income level will rise as result of the

project.

e. Transmission Lines;

Double-circuit 150 kV transmission lines will be constructed between the powerplant and Cempaka substation, about 75 km away, and between Cempaka andTrisakti substations, about 43 km apart. The spread of the impact is along the

right-of-way (ROW), 50 m on either side of the transmission lines. A separateEA has been performed for the proposed high voltage transmission lines. There

are no significant impats indicated, based on the proposed ROW.

V- 14

f. Coal mine development

An EA report was prepared by PT Arutmin for the coal mines, and has subse-quently been revised to address concerns on water quality. The coal mine devel-opment has no resettlement component.

5.4 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS

-~eFrom the above it can be concluded that the positive impacts of the project will be:

* the improvement of cash circuladon and employment starting from the construc-don period onwards and

* the generation of electricity for the immediate local area and beyond.

These are both considered to be significant positive impacts. Electricity generationwill have a beneficial effect on education, industrialization, job opportunities,income, and public health.

Nnadive impa

Prior to construction, potential negative impacts will include possible social unrestdue to discontent with compensation and resettlement plans if not handled sensitive-ly. During construction, potcntial ncgativc impacts will include minor erosion andsedimentation from land clearing and borrow and some deteroration of road sur-faces.

After construction, or during operation, potential negative impacts will include thegeneration of gaseous emissions from the chimney, liquid effluents and solid wastesfrom the power plant, and the possibility of enclave development in the power palntcomplex.

All the above potential negative impacts are considered to be either witliin tolerablelimits, able to be mitigated, or in need of monitoring to ensure that they do notexceed tolerable levels. Mitigation measures are given in Chapter 7, and monitoringplans in Chapter 9.

Evatuotf an of ipact Nutrix

Activilies Pro Consteuction PostNo E Cofponent Conte. Construction

Compnents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 11 12

1. ,oo-PhIhi_-Chu,I_m_

a. Ar OuaLity -1 -1 -1 -3

b. Noise -1 -2 -2 -1 -1

_ c. loil churacterlstlc *1

d. Surface water Quallty -2

a. Water Ouallty 2 *2

g. Erosion and sedimentatIon -2 Z 1 -1

Ii. Bioti

a. Flora -2

b. pGuma -2

a. Aqutfec organisrm -3 -2 -1 -2

III Soelo=-Weonanilc

a. Pop. Density *2 -2

b. Educat f on +2

c. Job opportunfty +2 -3 +2

d. Ineo e2 *2

a. People in the site +3proJect's Income sources

f. Traffic -1 -2

g. Social Unrest -2 -2 -2

h Public Heatth -_ _ 3 _ _ _ _ +2 _

- sl~~~~ota:

1. Survey and feltd researches +W Positive impact2. Land acquisition & resettlement - Negative impact3. Labour recrultment 1 Less significant4. Equipments and materials mobilization 2 - Moderately significant5. Land ctearfig 3 = Significant6. Appropriation of materiats 4 MoHre significant7. ThrmaL power plant construction 5 * Very significent8. Labors's Lay-off9. ElectrIc energy generated process

10. Ash disposal11. Etectric energy distribution12. Maintenance

APPENDIX D

RESULTSJOF STACKPLUME DIPSERSION MODELLING

1. Ai gai Lcto

The calculation of gasses dispersion and flying duist (ash) in this context uses theSCREEN program of USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) based on theGAUSS formula.

The inputs includes:

- Emission speed (gram/sec)- High and diameter of chimney (m)- Speed and temperature of gases from chimney- Meteorological Condition

2. Dispersion calculaion

_ This calculation a maximum ground is run for Thermal Power Plant Mulut ThmbangBatubara Banjarmasin with maximum capacity: 4 x 65 MW + 4 x 100 MW.

- Coal quantity required is 385.8 ton/hour

- Sulfur0.23%

- Dust 3%

- Calorie level: 4193 cal/kg- - Efficiency of electrostatic precipitator: 99.7%

- Emission

_ *S02 = 492.9 gram/sec' NOX = 317.9 gram/sec* Dust = 8.195 gram/sec

- Chimney gasses speed =20 mnsoc- Simulation is run under meteorological condition:

Atmospheric stability 3 (CO and 4 (D)

'Wind speed I (n/sec) and 2 (m/sec)- Chimney high = 100 m- Chimney diameter = 2.8 m

3. Meteorologial Data

Simulation Is carrked out for maximum ground calculation within a distance 5 km

with interval 100 m from 8 wind direction (N,NE,E,SE,SSW,W,NW).

4. Rgsult of Calculations

The three significant pollutants are calculated and the result is given as an isoplethpresented in Figure S.1 through 5.3. It Is concluded that the impact of air pollutionis not excessive or unusual for potential emissions from power plant (PLTLU).

Figure 4.1 shows that maximum SO, calculation at the ground are 90 mg/m3 withinthe distance of 4.2 km from the power plant The S0, value is still low compared tothe applicable standard for SO. 260 mg/re o'- 24 hours period.

Figure 4.2 shows the maximum NO1 values are 70.0 mglm 3 within a distance of 4.2kam from power plant. This NO, value is stll low compared to the applicable stand-ard for NO 92.5 mg/rn3 over 24 hour period.

Figure 4.3 shows that maximum fly ash concentration is 30 mg/r 3 within a distance4.2 ;mn from the power plant. The fly ash value is still low compared to the ap-plicable standard for fly ash 260 mglm3 over 24 hours period.

Calculations are shown in Appendix D, Tible I below.

V_- 12

(¶ 7

Append x ,g Tablo IThe result of maximum Qoncentration tor 24 hours exposure

AtmospherLe stabLlity 3 3 * 4 4

Wlnd speed m/mca 1 2 1 .

_02 concent1ratLon ( 9/mn2) 138.8 99.12 9.0 23.24

Dlutance (m ) 7419 99.12 7880 7880

NOX concentgatlon ( g/v3) 88.24 63.92 5.8 34.98

Distance (m) 7419 4200 7880 7880

Dust concentration ( 9/rm3) 3.0 2.1 0.3 0.62

DLstance (m) 7880 7880 7880 7880

The above result telling that maxlmum concentration for 24 hourcexpoauren are:

Naxims conntratlan _Mnima level mdvte Maximum levl advised

(tndansia). (World Hank)

_ SO2 136.8 260 500

KmX 88.2 92.5 100

oust 3.D S6 . 00

//D

CHAPTER VI

6.O0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.1. CHOICE OF ENERGY

In the clctricity sector, it is the 001's policy to substitute the use of oil by hydro,geothermal, gas, and coal-based energy for power generation. One of the majorobjectives of 00G is to maximize the country's foreign exchange earnings andbudgetary revenues from the sector, mainly through the export of tradeable energyresources, Including oil, gas and coal. Lignite, the chosen fuel for the proposedplant, is not a tradeable commodity. Addit-onally, it is cheap, the pdce being muchlower than that of bituminous or subbituminous coals.

Based on demand forecasts, various alternatives have been considered in order to

- meet load growth. Tn particular, continuation of the present separate diesel develop-ment has been compared with the use of a central coal plant. Various combinationsof plant capacity and installation programe have been examined and the proposedmine mouth location of power plant make it the least cost alternative.

6.2. PLANT CAPACITY AND UNIT SIZE

The generation expansion program ASPLAN has been used to derive alternative

plandng programmes. These planting programmes have been based on the assump-

tion that the earliest possible commissioning date is 1997, at which time two 45 MWunits, or alternatively two 65 MW units, would be available for power production.These units would then be immediately followed by two further units of the same

size.

Starting from about 2002, up to four 100 MW units could be added at appropriate

intervals, supported by 30 MW gas turbines where necessary.

The comparative planting options programmes are given in TAble 6. 1. below:

- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//"/

Table 6.1.CupratIve PLantfnr Optlo

YER '5 Kw OPTION 6'i NW OPTION

19951995 .

1997. 2xMU N ax 65 'md1998 INSSU 19"9 1x 4 NW 1x N6 WJ240002401 x 30 KW lx 65 N,2002 lxiOO NW2003 - lx 30 MW2004 * lxloo MhI2005 lxlOo MW -20062007 lx 30 MW2008 1K 30NW lx 30 ME20092010 lxlO0 MW 1xlOO KW2011 lxiO4 Kwd lxloo NWZO1Z -2013 -2014 ix 30 NW ix 30 NW

The least-cost comparison showed that the 65 MW units yielded significant invest-menrt cost savings over the 45 MW units due to economies of scale, as well as cost

savings attributed to the relatively higher efficiency of these units. The net presentvalue (NPV) of these savings, discounted at 12 % (tle test discount rate) over thelifetime of the first 2 units, amounts to US $ 94 million.

Since2x 65 MW units in 1997 wouldpresentavalue slightly higher than 30 % of system maximudemand, load flow studieswere carried outforaminimum load conditionfor 1997. Assuming aworst-caseseenario where minimum load isequivalentto30 % of annual maximumdemand, thestudies showed an adequate voltage profile, indicating satisfactory system operations and out-

_ puts.

The recomicnded planting schedule is shown in Table 6.2 below:

Tabtl 6.2.Rec_mnded PLantfng Sehidt

1997 Zx65 My Steam1999 Ix65 Mw stea2001 x65 NW stem2003 WU3Q M Gas Turbrne2004 IxIaO MU Steum2007 2x30 MJ Gas Turbine

- 2008 1x30 MW Gas Turbine2010 IjltOG MU Ist.*2011 1a100 NW Stem2014 1x30 NW Gas Turbine

6.3. ALTERNATIVE SITS

Six sites in the Asam-Asam area and four sites in the Kintap area were Investigatedas potential SPP sites, and these are shown in Figures 3.5 and 3.6. All sites inves-tiagted were subject to tidal and seasonal flooding. Finally a site designated as SiteA was chosen on cost grounds, since it required the least investment to shore up andstabilize foundations, and prtect against flooding. rhe ground conditions in site Aare typical for this coastal area of South Kalimantan, where the use of piled founda-dons for medium or heavy structures should be adopted. Lighter structures foundedat shallow maty be posssible if ground improvement techniques are employed.

Access to the proposed Site A is not staightforward at present. However, an im-proved road may easily be created, and this is expected to bring some long termadvantages.

Site A is presently subject to periodic flooting in parts from the nearby tidal river,and it is recommended that the northem half of the site be raised to a level abovethat of the highest recorded flood level, to accommodate the power plant and staffhousing. The area for ash disposal would be on the souithern part of the site.

- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F~~~' T It

113

CHAPTER VIl

7.0. MITIGATION PLAN

7.1. GASEOUS EMISSIONS

7.1.1. Sulphurous Oxides (SO)

In the feasibility study, the effect of different stack heights on reduction of sulfuroxides was assessed. Conclusions were that a 100 in stack would best reduce envi-ronmental concentrations of these emissions. Based on this 100-meter high chimney,

dispersion modeling was conducted using the USEPA's SCREEN Model. Thepredicted emissions at 660 MW generation level (i.e at maximum plant capacity)

using the specified lignite coal (See Chapter V, Section 5.3.3.2 above) show thatground level concentrations of SO, will not exceed 136.8 pg/r 3, i.e well below theallowable thresbold of 260 pg/mr and 500 Ag/mn3 from the Bapedal and the WorldBank respectively.

Based on the above results, it is concluded that flue gas desulfurization will not berequired. P.T Arutmin have given detalUs of the sulphur content of the design coaland stressed the need to blcnd coals to minimize SO However, coal quality must be

closely monitored to ensure that there is no significant increase of sulfur in raw coal.

The regulatory limit with respect to SO2 emission will be reached if the sulfur in

coal should exceed 0.5%.

7.1.2. Nitrous Oxides (NO)

As for SO2, dispersion modelling has shown that NOD emissions at ground levelwill be witiin limits at 88.2. pglm3, compared with Indonesian allowable limits of

92.5 pg/r3, and 100 ugrn for the World Bank. (See Appendix D and Chapter V,

Section 5.3.3.2 above). Nevertheless, adoption of the best burning technology will

reduce emissions even further. At the time of writing, and until completion of the- Detailed Design, it is not known exatly what equipmcnt will be used in the powcr

plant burners, but it is strongly recommended to install combustion improvement

equipment and low NO. burners.

VTT_-

7.2. UIQUID EFFLUENTS

The liquid waste streams include the following: (a) water treatment plant drains; (b)demineralizer plant wastes (c) boiler blowdown (d) cooling tower blowdown (e)power plant miscellaneous drains (f) run-off and leachate from the coal and ashyards and (f) sanitary wastes.

Some of the liquid effluent will be neutralized in a neutralizing basin, while otherstreams will be treated In a waste water treatment plant for the removal of oilywastes and heavy metals. This water will then recycled for use as makeup for thecooling towers, and also for spraying over the coal and ash piles to prevent dustnuisance while awaiting collection by P.T Arutmin. The sanitary wastes will betreated in a sewage treatment plant.

7.2.1. WVaste water

Power plant cooling water will be taken from the water intake to be installed on thebank of the Asam-Asam River. After undergoing treatment in the pre-treatnent plant(primary treatment equipment) to a specified water quality, it will be sent to thecooling tower of the condenser cooling water system.

The waste water from power plant is classified into regular waste water (dischargedcontinously from power plant equipment) and irre.gular waste water, such waterfrom washing air heaters, boiler furnaces and boiler chemicals containing pollutantsdischarged during periodical inspection of such equipment. It is impossible to dis-charge such waste direy into the Asamn-Asam River without treatment.

Treatment of regular and irregular waste water will be based upon the physicalprocesses of oxidation, flocculation - sedimentation, filtraton and neutralization. Awaste water balance system and control values for water quality indicating the wastewater treatment flow are presented in Fig. 6.1. and Fig. 6.2. respectively.

At the time of writing, and prior to completion of the detailed design, it is notlsnown exactly what chcmicals will be used in the water purification process, or whatother toxic effluents may be used in the operation process. Therefore, the potentialimpacts from chlorine or other toxic effluents cannot be asscsscd. However, the

quality of the waste water treatment plant will comply with regulatory requirements.To ensure there is a continual check on the content of discharges going into lhe

river, water quality and temperature monitoring will be carried out at the water

_ treatment plant s discharge gate, as well as upstream and downstream of the power

plant. (See Figure 6.1).

7.2.2. Oily effuents

Waste water containing oil from light oil storage tanks, auxillliary fuels, and oilhandling equipment will be treated by a flocculation system to separate oil from

water. The water will then be sent to the water treatment plant for treatment together

with other waste water.

7.2.3. Leachate/Waste Water from Coal and Ash

Waste water from the coal yard and ash disposal site will be collected in a sedimen-tation pond, after undergoing sedimentation and filtration, will be recycled as servicewate for sprinkling over the coal yard and ash disposal equipment. Meanwhile, thesludge piled up in the sedimentation pond will be taken out periodically and trans-ported to the ash disposal site for disposal.

It stated below, P.T Arulmin will take back the ash to the mine, so that the on-siteash disposal area and facUities are only intended as back-up or falback. At the ashdisposal site, therefore, a soil embankment will be installed for preventing runoff ofash, and impervious sheets will be laid over slopes to prevent pollutants contined inash penetrating underground water bodies. In addition, rain water at the ash disposalsite will be collected and treated in the leachate (seepage water) treatment facilitiesalso installed at the ash disposal site. Only then will such water be dischargcd intothe river system, and only if it is within quality tolerances dictated by Indonesianregulations.

7.2.4 Rainwater

Rain water wi.-ln the premises of the power plant, excluding underground seepagewater in green areas, will be collected at rain wat,ear check points and discharged

into the Asam-Asam River after confirming the water quality (pH values and oilfilmn).

7.3. SOLID WASTES

The solid wastes produced from operation of SPP are fly ash and bottom ash from

the boilers, and fugitive dust in the coal and ash handling facilities, and sludge andother daily industrial wastes recovered from the waste water treatment equipment.

7.3.1. Stack Dust and Ash

In order to prevent rdease of fine partcles into the atmosphere and to meet Indone-sian standards, dust collecting equipment called Electrostatic Precipitators (EP s)will be installed in each stack, with an expected efficiency of 99.7 %. Fly ashdischarged from the chimney in any 24-hour period, with the power plant running atfull load, will approximate 0.05 tons only for a total quantity of 640 tons of coalfuird in the boilers.

7.3.2. Fugitive Dust and Ash

PT Arutmin has provisionally agreed to accept all the above solid wastes back for

reburial, backfill and reclamation purposes at the site of the mine. There will thus be

no significant build-up of ash or sludge on site for any longer than a short period of

time. However, in case the ash evacuation arrange-ment with P.T Arutmin breaks

down permanently or temporariy, an ash disposal area of 30 ha has still been set

aside in the project design. The size of the fallback ash disposal area has beenpredicated on 30 years operation of SPP, and assumes the ash would have nocommercial value. (Although ash can be used as an admixture to cement to theextent of 25-30% due to its pozzolanic properdes, this market for fly ash utilizationhas not yet been developed in Indonesia).

Besides a fallback ash disposal area, the coal and ash handling facilities, as well asthe water treatment plants, will be designed to include dust mitigation measures.

Dispersion of dust is reduced when it contains a specific amount of water content,

but as the water content gradually evaporates, dispersion starts to increase again. At

cridcal locations where fugitive dust is usually generated, such as the coal receivingand storage yards, stacker, reclaimer, coal off-loading and distribution equipment(bclt-conveyors etc), dust will be wetted/sprayed using the installed fire protectionsprinkling equipment at critcal Intervals depending on the weather.

Furthermore, all belt conveyors will be covered wherever possible to prevent drop-page and dispersion of coal dust. A windbreak of rapid growing forest species willbe established around the coal yard to reduce high and distant dispersal of coal dust.

7.4. WATER INTAKES

In general, the amount of intake water area is very small compared to the dischargeof the Asam-Asam River, so the impact of water intale upon river discharge will benegligible-

Fishing operations in the water area are carried out by casting nets, rods and linesalong the comparatively shallow river area, where the velocity is low. Moreover, nofishing is performed at the sites proposed for installation of the water intake anddischarge facilities. Therefore, the impact of the intake and discharge facilities uponfishing are almost negligible.

In order to avoid the interrerence to navigatioLn, a deep lager intak1e with approachingvelocity = 0.3 mn/sec, will be installed. To protect against accidental access of any

ship to the front area of the water intake, protective facilities in the form of a boomwill be installed.

115

7.S. OTHER IMPACTS

7.S.1. Nose Mitlgation

All power plant equipment will be designed for a maximum allowable noise leyel of85 dBA at 1 metre from equipment, which is well below the damage threshold of 90Dba. (approximately one half, due to the logarithmnic scale) At the fence, a PLNstandard of maximum 60 dBA will apply.

For noise reduction, countermeasures will comprise indoor accommodat3on of noisesource equipment, adaption of low noise equipment, etc. Noise mitigation measuresfor major equipment are as follows:

Noise source mitigation measures

loiler A sifencer witl be sttech.d to each safety vlwue

Stem turbine and generatlon To be acconwodmted indoors

Nuen transformer A tow noise type wilt be adopted

Intake pump A sound Insulation cover witl be provided

Station service air comprossor To be tnstatUed Indoors

Control air coipresor To be instatled Indoors

7.5.2. Socioeconomic and Public Health

As shown in Chapter 5, the socioeconomic impacts are mostly positive. There willbe no negative impact on income froni Nipa, since almost all construction will takeplace at a significant distance away from the riverbanks. The resettlement plan willprovide for some retraining of families to be rclocated (See below).

7.6. E LEMENT PLAN

The PAPs (36 families on the power plant site) will be resettled in a manner such asto receive positive benefits from the project, under a plan that has been conceived asa development program. This comprehensive rescttlement plan is based on thePresidential decree 55/1993 and the Bank's guidelines, and is being developed inconsultation with the affected people, the host community, 4 NGO s and relevant

- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ l _7T -

government ofrfcials, indicating budget provision, time schedule for iniplemencation,and organizational responsibility.

7.6.1. Status of Land Ownership

The project site, including the area occupied by the 36 families to be resettled, hasthe status of State Owned Land (tanah negara). Most of these families have immi-grated from other places, and only 4 families (i.e Sutarman, Sahrun, H.Halim, andAshari) claim to be In possession of a certificate, issued by the village administrationoffi a of Asam-Asam, certifying them as the cultivator of the land (i.e not theowner of the land). Only 4 families have untended farmland (overgrown with tallgrass), each plot of approximately 1.0 ha. The soil in the area is not conducive topaddy cultivation, which has been tried in the past with unsatisfactory results.

The average area of land used for housing is about 60 m2, including a yard plantedwith trees. The houses are of basic construction, rough-sawn timber, with one ortwo large rooms, and a small veranda facing the main pathway. Some of the houseshave add on kitchens. Many have planted fruit-bearing trees in their back yards, aswell as the area in the immediatc vicinity of the hamlet, such as coconut, jack-fruit (nangka), banana, mango, rose-apple (Jwnbu) and kasturi, etc.

7.6.2. Sources of Income

The majority of families in this community are migrants who have come from out-side the area to look for a job in the sawmill, which was stated close to the presentproject area sometime in 1976. Many of them could not hold on to their jobs forvarious reasons, in particular, dislike of the long working hours, and tried to workat other professions likle thatch - making and Simbitan, (See below). Thereforethese people have no longstanding historical or traditional ties with this area; theirprime concem is to find jobs which can offer them a reasonable quality of life.

From the work they have been doing so far, it can be seen that the people living inthis project site are not attached to a single activity, but are resourceful and adapt-able to new jobs which provide more income. in the meantime, and at least until thecompletion of the project, it is expected that the afFected families will continuc topursue their present sources of income even from the new location.

- ~~~~~~~~~Am

7.6.2.1. Thatch-making from Nipab leaves

The majority of local people work as thatch roof artisans, since the raw material isfound in abundance in the form of the thatch or nipah palm along the Asamn-AsamRiver (which forms the border of the SPP project site in the West). Sales of thisproduct give adequate retums to meet daily needs.

According to the interviews held, the avemge income of this group has been calcu-lated as follows:

1. One family can on the average plait up to 400 sheets a week.2, Every 100 sheets are purchase by the wholesae dealer for Rp. 7.000,-3. The goods are coluected personally by the wbolesaler three Limes a week.

Thus, cach family of thatch roof artisans will earn an average income of about Rp.125.000 per month.

7.6.2.2. Simbitan

Simbiran is a group of people who collect scrap wood from the disposal site of PT.Hutan Kintap. The scrap wood which has been sorted by the company is then soldin the local market by the Simbitan members. The data collected at the time of thesurvey show that the Simbitan include 55 persons, some of whom are the heads ofthe 36 families who will be resetted. Each mcmber of the Simbitan is only allowedto collect scrap wood once in 55 days, or about once every two months.

The proceeds from the scrap wood sold amounts to about Rp. 150.000,- to Rp.200.000,- which means that the simbitan members will have an additional income ofRp. 75.000,- to Rp. 100.000,- per month.

7.63. Income And Expenditure of Target Group

The income and expenditure of the project effected people was surveyed twice, onceduring the ETA study undertcn at the end of 1992, and again during preparation ofthe Environmental Management Plan and the Environment Monitoring Plan at theend of September 1993. Apparently, there is considerable variation in the data

'VT. C

obtained during these two Independent surveys, The only rational explanation is thatpeople who filled up the questiDonnaire on the two occasions answered differently.Of late, PLN project staff, , their consultants and the affected people are interactingmore frequently and an understanding has developed. The recent set of information,therefore, appears to be more acceptable (Reference Annex no. 1).

* From the result of the questionnaire circulated during the EMAP and EMOP study atthe end of September 1993, the details of averge annual income and expenditure are

- presented in Table-3 below:Table-S.

Irnc md Expanliture

Average Income Average Expenditure latenceCRp.) (Rp.) Saved

Per YearPer Per Per Per CRp.)Nonth Yar Month Year

Thatch Roof Artisan 227,500 2,730,000 188,333 2,260,000 470,000from PUpih Leaf

Trader 350.000 4,200,000 270,000 3,240,000 960.000

- ptryee 300,000 3,600,000 250,000 3,000,000 60o,000

Flshenan 300,000 3,600,000 250,000 3,000,000 600,000

AvtRAGE 294,375 3,532,500 239.583 2,874,999 657,500

Source: Primay Data - Septeer 1990.

7.6.4. The Soco-Cultural Condition

As stated earlier, the people to be affected by land release are actually migrantscoming from several areas, some as transmigrants from Java and others from thesurrounding area, such as the upstream area. They settled in this area, because theywere first attracted by work available in the sawmill PT. Hulan Kintab, eitlher direct-ly or indirectly. It can be seen dt the houses are made of wood, whiich, as admittedby the population, is scrap wood from the sawmil Pr. flutan Kintab. The conditionof the houses is on the average quite healthy as they mct the criteria of health byhaving windows and ventilators. Modern accessories, such as TV sets, are notmuch encountered (only 5); most of the population is in possession of a radio set andthe means of transportaton owned seems to depend much on their business activity,such as a small boat for two persons called Jakung for nipah leaf roof artisans, andbicycles for traders. Of the 36 families, one is in possession of a motorcycle used forthe transportation of merchandise and to carry passengcrs (ojek).

The najority of the population embraces the Islamic J'alth as can be seen by small tieIslamic Religious Prayer Rouse (MfusoUa) built by mutual cooperation. This showsthat the culture of community self-help (gptong-royang) and fratemity is still upheld.

7.6.5. Perception of the Public with Regard to the SPP Project

The result of survey held at the time of the EMAP and EMOP study shows that thePAP's do not have any objection to the coal-fired SPP project of PLN. Basically,the people do not object to relocating to a new settlement, since they are fully aware

_ that all the activity of the development of the Mine Mouth Coal-Fired SPP forms agovernment program which will be benefit the local community, as well as thepublic in South Kalimantan in general.

However, the target group to be resettled have some expectations as follows:

1. The people expect that at the time of the development of the SPP they will not- merely be observers in the development of the SPP, but can participate in the

project work, either directly or indirectly, in accordance with their level ofeducation and skill.

2. The people expect that compensation payments for their land dwelling place andcrops will be fair, andd that they will not be disappointed

The PLN believes that with a carefully prepared resettlement plan, the project af-fected people will actually benefit from the project. This plan takes into accountsthe feelings of the PAP's as can be seen from the minutes of the meeting of thePublic Consultation held on October 23", 1993 (see Annex No. 2)

7.6.7. Planned Resettlement Location

The hearing held at the end of September 1993 was attended by 28 citizens fromaround the project site, including those from the North of the Baru River (creek)who actually were not be relocated, but were asked to be involvcd in the survey soas to know their perception, because their dwelling place is very nearby and onlyseparated by the creek with a width of I to 1.5 m. According to this hearing, thelocation of the new settlement should be as follows:

1. The location of the new settlement should be as neadr as possible to Lhe nipali leafresources available along the Asam-Asam.

2. The location of the new settlement should be near the project road, which willenable them to be, either directly or indirectly, involved in the SPP projectactivity.

In consultation with the affected people, PLN has now earmarked an area north ofthe road for resettlemcnt. An arrangement for drinldng water supply would be madeby PLN immediately. The ground plan Is shown in Fig. 7.1 and Fig. 7.2. The plotsize will not be smaller than the current holding. Il will also have the same openspace so that those who want to grow fruit trees can do so. The design of the houseswill be such that it is a acceptable to the PAPs and uses as much local material aspossible.

7.6.8. Facity for Collecting Nipalh Palm Leaves

As stated above, the majority (64%) of the population to be migrated earns a livingas thatch roof artisans. Nipah palms are found in abundance along the Asam-Asamriver. For access to the location of the nipah palm along the Asam-Asam river, it isplanned that the people will continue to use the wa!er way by boat (See Figure-3)through the Nahiyah River and then enter the Asam-Asam river. The distance from

k-

the confluence of the Nahiyah and the Asam-Asam River to the location where thenipab leaves are usually collected (on the banks of the river which forms the borderof the SPP in the West) is 4 km away, along the river.

Although this journey is still possible for them to undertake, additional time will beneeded by the people to collect the nipah leaves and bring them back to the newlocation. To help the people maintain their way of living at least at an equal levelwith their present condition, or even to improve the standard of living after theresetement, PUN considers it necessary to form a Nipah Roof Artsans Cooperativein the form of a KUD (Village Unit Cooperative). Initially, PLN would consider'offering help to project affected people in organizing the society, and offer creditfacilities if necessary, to facilitate the business.

7.6.9. Educution and Training

The PLN proposes that the resettled people are encouraged to improve their standardof living by learning new skills. This could be duck or chicken farming, raisinglambs, goats and even attending night-schools. PLN feels that some local NGO'smay be Involved in this activity. PLN has budgeted Rp. 20 million for the purposeof providing education and training to those PAPs who may wish to acquire newsildUs. This may include apprenticeship/tmaining in vocational schools, or new skillssuch as chicken and goat farming and trading.

7.6.10. Implementation and Financing Plan

The resettlement plan for the 36 families is based on the Presidential decree5511993 and the Bank's guidelines, and is being developed in consultation with theaffected people, the host community, NGO s and relevant government officials. 4local NGO s have been involved in community awareness and planning exercises.

PLN have agreed the appointment of a Resettlement Officer to coordinate and takeresponsibility for the implementation and monitoring of resettlement. This personwill be nominated by and responsible to fte Public Relations and Environment Sec-tion, ( Se4fa Bagian Rwnas dan Lingumgon ) from Kalimantan Main Project PLN atBalkapapan ( Proyek India Pembongkik den Jarinsan ), and may or may not be thesame as the proposed Environmental Officer who will have overall responsibility forthe environmcntal monitoring and management of the project.

Implementation will be carried out over 18 months, and will be done ahead of theactual construction of the power plant (see Figure 7.3 enclosed).

The financing plan will be the responsibility of PLN, as the project holdcr. Thecompensation amounts and resettlement terms will be finalized by a "Local Team",comprising government department officials, the subdistrict administrator, the vil-lage head, and the PAP s in accordance with Kepres 55 and the Bank's guidelinesfor involuntary resettlement.

The funds to be provided by PLN (local portion) for this resettlement are estimatedto be around Rp. 600 million, consisting of:

* land dikling

* compensation for land and crops* the building of houses and a mosque and a multi-purpose room* the required Infrastructure comprising roads, water suppy, sanitation, etc.

The details of the cost of resettlement for the Banjarnasin Minie Mouth SPP Projectcan be sen In Table 7.1

7.6.11. MonitorIng of the Resettlement Plan

Although coordinated by the Resettlement Officer, the monitoring of the resettle-ment plan will be implemented by an independent body, consisting of governmentofficials, University, NGO group, PAP's (representatives of community) and PLNmanagement. The Bupati will be kept informed from time to time about the pro-gram.

The obJective of the resettlement monitoring services are:

1. To provide a mechanism for local people to air complaints and have them re-

solved.2. Identify issues affecting program implementation for attention of project man-

agement, and formulate further action to improve the program.

The detailed Term of Reference for the monitoring of the resettlement plan can beseen in Annex no. 3.

Table-?. 1COST ESTIMTE OF RESETTLEHENT PLAN

Vo. Description of Work Units Unit TotalPrice Price

CRp.) CRp. I

1. Operational Cost for Land Retease 10 4,000,000 40,000,000Ha.

2. Engineering Design LS - 50.000,000

3. Road Construction LS - 20,000,0004. Construction of Houses 36 6.500,000 234,000,0005. Construction of osque 25,000,000 25,000,0006. Construction of a Public multi I 25OOO,000 25,000,000

Purpose Room7. PuL;tc Uater Supply (wells) LS 15.000,000

xmrr 1V

No. Description of Work Units Unit TotalPrice Price

CRp.) (Rp.

8. CoWMenution Tres or Crops 0* 22,t000,0009. Cost of Trensportetlan to new 36 500,000 18,000,000

lesettlemnt10. Education and Training LI 1 a0,00,000II. Monitorfrg Cannuallyl 2 15,000,000 30,000,000

Sub Totat ,99,000,000

Contingencies C20%) 99,800,000

T 0 T A L 598,800,000

do ea TabLe 7.2

TabLe 7.2greakdom of Tre/Crops compmnhation

Typt of Trees / Crops Volune Unit Price TotaL PriemCunltt (Rp.) CRp.)

1. Coconut 200 50,000 10,000,0002. Fruits 200 50,000 10,000,0003. 3azna 100 10.000 1.000,0004. Other cuttivating crops 200 5.000 1,000,000

TOtAL 22,000,000

3n?

CHAPTER Vili

8.0. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH (EMAP)

8.1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE

8.1.1 General

The Environmental Management Plan EMAP) of the Banjarnasin Mine Mouth CoalSteam Power Plant (Banjarmasin MMC-SPP) proceeds from the EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA) of this project, which was approved by the CentralCommission on the Environmental Impact Assesment of the Department of Mine andEnergy (Kouisi Pusat AMDAL Departemen Perambangan dan Energi) with its

letter reference No. 3811/0115/SJ.T/1993 dated October 7fh 1993. The EMAP isalso to be used as a guideline for the PLN, as project holder of the BanjarmasinMMC-SPP, and for other related agencies.

The overall objectives of the EMAP is to;1. provide environmental guidelines which will promote positive impacts and

reduce potential negative impacts from activities at all project stages in theregion of the Banjarmasin MMC-SPP.

2. provide input and guidelines to the working units within the Banjarmasin MMC-SPP project of at all stages, such as PLN Main Project Kalimantan at Balikapa-pan for the construction stage, and PLN Region VI for the operational stagesand to other related agencies in maling the necessary annual working programfor integrated maintenance of environmenL

8.1.2 Short-term aims

The short-tern aims of the EMAP are as follows:

1. To define on-going responsibilitics in the field of environmental managgement andmonitoring.Besides PLN, parties concerned in the utlization and preservation of the naturalresources in the vicinity of the project are the Regional Government, Depart-

%7r - I

'a,?

ment or Public Works, Department of Forestry, rntreprencurs in Llie field of_ industry, forestry, etc. For those other parties the EMAP of the Banjarmasin

MMC-SPP can serve as input in efforts regard to the following objectives.Amongst other things, the EMAP will help to:

* To avoid overlapping or conflicting utilization of the existing natural re-sources.

a To define clearly the limits of authority and responsibility of each party in themaintenance of environment.

a To avoid the occurrence of social unrest caused by streams of incoming

_7 labour maintain security in the social life of the community in the projectregion.

*a Ib optimize the use of the existing SPP infrastructure in aid of the socio-

economic and cultural life of the community in the project region.

1. To facilitate coordination and implementation of land acquisition and resettle-

ment plan

This tkes into account prevailing environmental regulations, the interests of the

project holder and the aspirations of the local community whose land is to beacquired, in order that the realization of the project can proceed smoothly andaccording to schedule.

2. To facilitate coordination and implementation of the use of labour, supply ofequipment, and construction materials.

This takes account of the amenities and infrastructure available in the vicinity ofthe project, selection of the contractor for the project, and use of skilled labourneeded taking into consideration recruitment of as much acceptable local labouras possible.

3. To faciliate and guide implementation of physical works, in accordance withtechnical, economical, and environmental requirernents, as well as job safety.

8.1.3 Long-term aims

The overall long-term aim of the EMAP is to operate and maintain the SPP at leastcost, while minimizing negative impacts to the environment in the vicinity of the

project and maintainiiig its supporting capacity. This overall ainm will involvemonitoring the operation and maintenance of several environmental aspects the

Banjamnnasin MMC-SPP, including:

1. 02CM of the coal handling equipment, particularly in avoiding spillage from tfhebelt conveyor of PT Arutmin to the receiving hopper of the Banjarmasin MMC-SPP.

2. 0&M of the Electrostatic Precipitator (EP), particularly paying attention to itsreliability and efficiency levels, so that It fulfills the agreed environmental re-quirements.

3. O&M of the NO. reduction equipment, combustion improvement equipment

and low NO. bumers.4. 02CM of noise reducdon devices5. Implementation of the ash disposal operation, either returning ash to P.T Arut-

min, or in the fallback scenario, burying ash in the on-site Terminal DisposalArea 6IDA), bearing in mind the nusiances from fugitive ash and ash leachate.

6. Correct performance of water and sewage treathent plants, make-up water forwater cooling system and boiler blowdown into water treatment plant, payingattention to their good working condition and reliability to avoid environmentaldisturbance.

7. Arrangement and performance of the program for the operation of the heavyfuel oil flocculation separator, the incineration of waste oil, and the disposal ofwaste water which has been fieed from waste oil.

8. Arrangement and performance of the program for use of labour takdng into consideration the opportunity for the local labour to improve their capabilities.

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH

8.2.1 Technical Approach

8.2.1.1 Pro-construction and construction stages.

1. Land acquisition to be handled by the Compensation Commission, which wasinstituted by the Governor, and comprises representatives from the NationalBureau for Land Affairs, Agricultural Service, Forest Service, and other rele-vant govemment officials pertaining to compensation matters.

2. Local labour, subject to their skill and availability of suitable jobs in the project,

/31'

should be given priority in the opportunities for employment.3. Regulation of traffic lines, particularly during Lhe mobilization of equipment

and construction materials, by placing traffic signs in accident prone areas.4. Provision and operation of sedimentation basins around the project site to hold

sediment carried off by water flow.5. Periodical water spraying of the road through which the project vehicles pass,

particularly in the area of settlement during dry season.6. Motivating local labour to save a significant portion of their wages for working

capital when the contract terminates upon completion of the project.

8.2.1.2 Operational stage.

1. The impact of mobilizing equipment and construction materials on the road bodyand traffic can lead to road damage and accident. This can be mitigated byimproving the quality of the existing road, and constructing a new road with abearing capacity for the passage of heavy equipment.

2. The impact from land works (soil excavation End fill) such as increasing erosionand sedimentation can be managed by use of miud baskets.

3. The impact from the main construcdon (foundation, structure, and installation ofequipment) such as noisiness, waste ash and gas coming from the operation ofheavy equipment should be managed by appropriate selection of equipment thatmeets technical requirements, and by requiring labour to use safety appliances.

4. If at any stage P.T Arutmin cannot take back ash to the coalmine, to implementthe fallback plan whereby ash is disposed of in the special Terminal DisposalArea (TDA). Clay layers and plastic sheeting to be laid down in this area toprevent contamination of groundwater by ashi leachate. Fugitive dust in the TDA

- to be managed by periodical spraying and comnpacting.5. The ash resulting from the burning can be devised to be used as construction

material such as mixture for concrete, mixture material for concrete, concretebrick, paving block, etc.

6. Regular monitoring, through the results of chlorination and demineralization, ofthe condition of the liquid waste treatment plant and the TDA for solid wastecoming from the liquid waste treatment plant.

1. Gaseous emissions to be mitigated by provision of a 100 m high chimney, withinner diameter of 2.8 m, using low NOx burners.

8. Negative impacts from stack dust and ash can be managed by installing dust-collecton instruments or Electrostatic Precipitator (EP s) with 99.7% capacityin each stack, and keeping these in good worklig condition and high efficiency.

VII - 4

/3/

9. Oil waste fronm the cooling systenm and maintenance actlvities to be takcn

through the flocculation systemlseparation basin to separate oil from waler. The

oil to be held in drums before incineradon, whiile the oUfree water to be re-

turned to the water treatment/coolng cycle.

10. There is a need for facilides for sports, reUgious services, and schools as well as

other supporting infrastructure for the planned incoming 600 labour to be

employed.

8.2.2 EconomIc approach

Indonesian made equtipment will be used where available. lb keep costs low, the

PLN will submit an application for reduction or exemiption of import tax.

8.2.3 Institutional approach

1. In its contract with a contractor, PLN will always include the requirement of

employing as much local labour as possible, in accordance with their capabili-

ties.2. PLN wil include, in the technical speciflcations regarding land preparation

works, a requirement for the provision of mud baskets, and charge the costs

thereof into the concerned contract.

3. PLN will enter into the SOP (standard operating procedure) all technical specifi-

cations necessary for the management of impact control/mitigation facilities such

as setting ponds, c4otling water system, flocculation(separation system, electro

static precipitator, ash tar control system, treatmcnt plant for liquid and solid

waste matter and waste oil, and other facilities.

- 4. PLN shall require all working units to obey all regulations and standard opcrat-

*ig procedures (SOP) vis-a-vis the management of environment.

_ 5. PLN will strive to enhance cooperation with related agencies and the local

community in implementation of the community development program, in

improvement of a healthy settlement environment, and in good maintenance of

the environment around the project.

8.3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

In broad outline, the environmental management program to be carried out by PLN

is represented in the annexed Table 5 and described in text below.

8.3.1 ENIAP in Preconstruction Stage

8.3.1.1 InvestIgatIons/surveys

Social unrest caused by spreading of vague informaion and fears of poor compensa-ton or resettlement can be managed as follows:

1. prepare for the people around the project simple and practical information sheets- on the purpose and use of the project, and the implementation schedule.

2. To keep related agencies informed, in particular the regional government, sothey may assist in clarifying issues through their own channels.

3. To involve the people living around the project site in joint planning of reloca-tion and other project related matters.

PLN to be responsible for the costs of such environmental management. Supervisionof this aspect to be assumed by PLN, Directorate General of LPE, local regionalgovernment.

8.3.1.2 Land Acquisition5-

A part of the 110 ha of land to be used for the Banjannasin MMC-SPP is inhabitedby 36 households living around the project. The acquisition of this land is to besecured through the forum of the Commission IX to be appointed and headed by theGovernor of South Kalimantan. The Commission will decide the compensation forthe land, buildings, and plants and payment procedure. Potcntial unrest comes fromfear of the loss of income due to relocation and loss of tthe source of raw material fortheir trade. The degree of Gt social unrest depends upon the faimess of the compen-sation to be fixed against the land, building, and plants.

The impact of the land acquisition to be solved as follows:

1. To give informafion to and to hold a negotiation with the impacted communityas well as to perceive their aspiration, in particular as regards the sum ofcompensation against their land, buildings, and plants as well as the paymentprocedure.

- 2. To give opportunity to the members of the relocated families for employment bythe project, according to their capabilities and availability of suitable jobs in theproject.

3. To jointly plan the resettlement program with the target group4. lb assist in seting up a thatching KUD (Village Lmel Cooperative) fr the 36

households to be relocated, the majority of whom are thatchers by trade,

Land acquisition to be carried out by the Commission IX, "Tripika", and the localregional govemment, The costs to be borne by the PLN as the project initiator. Thesupervision of this activity is assumed by PLN, Directorate General of LPE, SouthKalimantan Second Instance Regional Government for Land and Sea, and FirstInstance Reglonal Government, Department of Labour, and Dcpartment of Coopera-tion.

8.3.2 Construction Stage

8.3.2.1 MIobilizatioL of Labour

The development of the Banjarmasin MMC-SPP units 1 and 2 will need a greatnumbcr of skilled labour, with different socio-cultural and economic backgroundsfrom the local people's The employment of local labour (estimated to be very limitedin number) although it can raise their economy and life level will not, due to theirlimited skill, rule out potential occurrence of social jealousy. The setting up of some

businesses, such as small shops selling food and other daily needs of thc projectlabour, is often done by incoming people because of greater energy, experience andcourage, instead of local people.

The means of management includes:

1. PLN must require the contractor to build a base camp with good sanitation toavoid the springing up of uncontrolled, unhealthy and enclave settlements.Insufficient housing can be anticipated by amply healthy inhabitant housing facil-ites, which can be expected to gear up the formation of better quality of envi-ronment.

2. To avoid possible spreading of epidemics, clarifications should be given to theinhabitants and incoming labour by community health visitors, and a healthfacility such as polyclinic be provided.

3. PLN to require the contractor to give priority to employment of local labour inaccordance to their capabilities. Also, to give to the inhabitants opportunity anddrive to engage in new business to raise their economy.

TTT -l7

13$'

4, Training/education of local people, especially those being resettled, so that theydo feel loss of competition apinst newcomers,

S. Provision of basic routine to incoming labour so they can understand the localculture and customs to avoid occurrence of social strain.

Execution and supersion In this stage to be assumed by the contractor to the PLNas the project initiator. The related agencies to support the management are PLY,regional government, Health Service, and Department of Labour. The supervisionof environmental management in this stage is to be assumed by PLN, DirectorateGeneral of LPE, Regional Governments of Second Instance for Land and Sea and of

_ First Instance of South Kalimantan, and Department of Labour.

8.3.2.2 MIobilizatIon of equipment and materials

The development of the Banjarmasin SPP will require importation of heavy equip-ment, skilled operators, construction materials from outside. The operation of theheavy equipment and the vehicles will impact on environmcnt by increasing trafficvolume, noise, ash, and waste gases such as NOx, SO, CO, and hydrocarbon.

The weight of these impactss depends upon the volume and frequency of the opera-tion of the heavy equipment, as well as existing capacity of the road.

The negative impact of noise can be managed by use of equipmcnt which meetstechnical requirements, and of dust by periodical water spraying in the dry seasonalong the road through which the heavy equipment passes. The imnpact of mobilizat-ing heavy equipment on traffic can be managed by placement and regulation ofnecessary traMc signs, and by inclusion of tcchnical and perfornmance requirementsinto the work contract.

Execution and management in this stage to fall under the responsibility of the con-tractor to the PLN, as the project initiator. The related agencies to support the rcali-zaton of the management of this stage are PLN, regional government, HighwayPublic Work Service, and Highway Traffic Service. Supervision of the execution ofenvironmental management of this stage to be assumned by PLN, Regional Govern-ment of Second Instance for Land and Sea and of First Instance of South Kaliman-tan, and Highway Traffic Service ('DLLAJR").

8.3.2.3 Laud clearing and preparation

Preparation of land covers clearance of project area, cut and fill of land for theBanjarmasin MMC-SPP. The fill is Intended to elevate the area from 4.0 EL,m to6.0 El,m using heavy equipment. The operation of the heavy equipment and landpreparation works comprising cut-and-fill are the main sources of impact on en'i-ronment.

Means of managing environmental impact:

1. Measurement and staking-out of land to be done discreetly using terrestrialmeasurement.

2. Determination of mud baskets and drainage system to be done discreetly andfixed in the fcid.

3. Preparation of land cut and fill to be done using equipment which meets fixedtechnical criteria; technical requirements to be included in the work contractwith the contractor.

4. Spill over of the soil from the transpordng trucks to be avoided by coverng thetrucks' container with tpaulin.

-. 5. Filling and stripping works to be as soon as possible accompanied by provisionof drainage to avoid erosion.

Management to be assumed by the contractor to PL1N as project initiator, and thecosts to be borne by PLN by including them into contract. The related agencies tosupport management are the regional government and the Department of Health. Thesupervisors of the execution to be PLN, South Kalimantan Regional Government ofSecond Instance for Land and Sea and of First Instance, and the Department ofHealth.

8.3.2.4 Supply of construction materials

The development of the Banjarmasin SPP will need construction materials lce sand,stone and gravel, cement, iron rod for concreLe, and mechanical and electricalequipment. The frequency and volume. of transportation of the materials will behigh. The operation of the transportation vehicles will be the main source of impacton the environment.

ic

The weight of impact heavily depends upon the volume and frequency of the opera-tion of the transportation and heavy equipment, as well as upon the existing capacityof the road. Management can be as follows:

1. periodical water spray of the road along which the heavy equipment passes, inparticular during the dry season.

2. As above for labour mobilization

3. As above for mobilization and equipment

Execution and management in this stage to fall under the responsibility of the con-tractor to PLN, as the project initiator. The related agencies to support the realiza-

tion of the management in this stage are the regional government, Public WorksService, Health Service, and Department of Labour. The supervisors of themanagement to be PLN, Soulh Kalimantan Regional Government of Second Instance

for Landc and Sea and of First Instance, and Department of Health.

8.3.2.5 The construction of utilities and infrastmeture of the SPP

The construction of utilities and infrastructure is the main work of the project Ban-jarmasin SPP. It comprises civil, mechanical, and electical works. The main workcovers the construction of cooling water intake, chimney, boiler, pumphouse, cool-ing tower, oil accumulation place, water cleaning system, administrative buildingsand the foundation. The activity of the main work requires heavy equipment and a

great number of labour. The main impacts are:

1. atmospheric pollution and the noise produced by the operation of the heavy

equipmcnt.2. earthwork excavation and fill works for the foundation can lead to erosion,

which may further pollute the River Asam-Asam and the area around theproject.

The environmental impact can be managed by providing ample job safety equipmentand by covering the excavation and fill earth with tarpaulin or plastic when work isnot being carried out (at night).

The management will fall under the responsibility of the contractor to PLN, theproject initiator, while the related agencies to support the realization of the manage-ment are the regional government and Fte Department of Labour. Supervsion of the

InTT n - IA

activity to be assumed by PLI, Directorate G;eneral oif LPE, and Southx KalimallanRegional Govemment of First Instance.

8.3.3 EMAP In Operatlonal Stage

8.3.3.1 Wind-down of labour

The wind down of labour at the end of construction will affect social life in thecommunity, but as stated in Chapter S, the impact is not considered to be large.Some of the severed labour will go find jobs in other places, so that the populationdensity around the project will decrease. Some of them will remain unemployed inthe location, which can lead to social unrest.

The degree of impact will heavily depend upon the availability of jobs elsewhere andthe degree of increase in the skill of the local comminity members. The standard tobe adopted is the communal stability and order around the project. Managementshould be as follows:

1. Labour should be motivated to save a significant portion of their wages in aregional bank while they are still in employment, to anticipate the need formoney for running own business or for seeldng replacement job after severance.

-2. Provision of training3. Assistance with setting Lip a thatching cooperadve,.4. Efforts be made to keep the severed labour stay in the vicinity of the project by

providing for them new business or opportunities. This can support the govcrn-ment program in the field of spontaneous transmigration from Java to outside of

Java. The greater availability of electricity may assist in stimulating the growthof new industry around the project.

The execution of the management to fall under the responsibility of the contractor toPLN, while the related agencies to support the realization of the management beingthe Regional Government and the Department of Labour. The supervision of theactivity to be assumed by PLN, South Kalimantan Regional Govemment of SecondInstance for Land and Sea and of First Instance, and the Department of Labour.

-' 8.3.3.2 Electrical generation process and maintenance

_ Impacts from the electricity generating process in the Banjarmasin SPP ranges from

In,

the transpoataion and burning of coal, ash displsal, find the operatioti of supportingequipment of the SPP such as water treatment plant. Burning coal will produceflying ash and gaseous emissions into the atmosphere, which will affect the qualityof air. Liquid waste from the bolter blowdown, containing a number of mineralsoriginally added to the boller ware; as well as several maintenance activities mayproduce drippings of waste oil and fuel from overhaul works; these can all pollute-ground and surface water if not handled correctly. Pollution of the river could affxtdrinking water and aquatic biots, and air pollution could eventually affect the healthof the workers and the community around the project,

Management will include:

1. Installation of electrostatic precipitators and maintenance of its high cfficiency tocatch fugidve dust and ash.

2. Planting of windbreaks around the ash disposal area to reduce fugitive ash, andaround the gencrator to decrcasw noise and increase environmental beauty.

3. Use of 100 m chimney stacks and low NOx buniung boilers to rmitigate gaseousemissions.

4. Regular monitoring of SOx and NOx levels (See Chapter IX).5. Piling of coal in accordance with the standing operation procedures (SOP) to

avoid spiUlage of coal.6. The drainage of the coal storage location to meet the technical requirements so

that rainwater and water spry falling onto the pile up do not produce leachate.7. Installation of a flocullation piant and separating basins to separate oil from

watcr; the oil to be stored in drums and incinerated later and the water to gc tothe water treatment plant.

8. Installation of a waster water treiLnent plant, and recycling of such to a closedwater cooling system.

9. Monitoring of waste water treatment pond for quality just before the dischargepoint into the river; monitoring of the river at two points above and below theproject (See Figure).

10. Application of standard safety measures for storage and use of toxic chemicalsin accordance with the Department of the Environment s Clause B3.

PLN as the project initiator to be responsible for the installation of electric precipita-tor and efficiency monitoring device therefore, with the costs therefore to be bomeby the PLN itself. The related agesicies to support the realization of the managementto be the Regional Government, Department of Health, Department of Forestry, and

'PHPA." An Environiment Officer should be appointed front wilthii the HumanRelations and Environment Secdon (Bagian Humas dan Ungkcungan) at PLN Balik-

papan, responsible for supervising all matters connected with the environment for

Kalimantan island. G;enerl supervision to be assumecl by the Directorate General ofLPE and 'Bapedal", Department of Health, Department of Forestry, and "PHPA,".

8.3.3.3 Ash storage

Ash storage on site will only be a fallback measure if tlte arrangement with P.T

Arutmin to ship ash back to the coalmine area breaks down or is paused for whatev-

er reason. Spillage during transportation to the TDk and the possible leaching of

ashwater is a potential negative impact on the quality of surface and ground water,

since the ash of the coal burning contains harmful chemicals. Mitigation measureswill include (O) creation of a 30 ha lined and banked ash burial area.and (ii) efforts to

utilize and/or sell ash for mixture for concrete and other construction material.

Management to be assumed by PLN, and the related agencies to support it are SouthXalimantan Regional Government of Second Instance for Land and Sea, and PT

Arutmin. The supervision of the management to be assumed by the DirectorateGeneral of LPE, BAPEDAL, and the South Kalimantan Regional Government ofSecond Instance for Land and Sea and of First Instance.

8.3.3.4 Electrical dcistribution

The availability of the electrical power will be of positive impact on education, light-

ing, and the governmental program of birth control. In addition, it will be an impe-

tus for the growth of industrialization that will raise opportunity for employment for

the comimiunity, which in turn will increase the income and standard of living of thecommunity. All of these are considered a significant positive impact on the socioec-

onomic and cultural aspcct.

Measures to be adopted in the management include:

1. Increasing the level of education and information to the community to support

the goverrment's programs on birth control and agriculture.

- 2. Stimulation of growth of industry that can offer many opportunities for em-

ployment.

_ 3. Stimuladonleducation of the community to strive to develop the region's poten-

uials vis-a-vis the availability of the electrical power.

The management in this stage to fall under the rcsponsibility of PLN as the propo-nent of the project. The related agency to support the realization of the management

is the Regional Government.

8.3.4 Execution or Environmental Management

- 8.3.4.1 Management Body

The environmental management of the Banjarmasin SPP project and PLTU MulutTlmbang Banjarmasin will be executed in an integrated manner by PLN and olher

related agencies as follows:

1) Central PLN

As the proponent of the project it will be responsible for the preparation of thedocuments on technical and environmental plan, physical performance, and trialoperation of the SPI Banjarmasin.

2) Kalimantan Main Project PLN

The Section for Human Relations and the Environment (Bagian Humas danLingkungan) of this office will be responsible for environmental managementduring construction, and the implementation of the RKL and RPL, of the Ban-

jarmasin SPP project. This office, based in Balilapapan, will provide an Reset-

- tlement Officer and Environmental Officer to coordinate all aspects of environ-mental monitoring and management.

3) South Kalimantan Region VI PL&

This regional PIN to be responsible for the performance of the RXL and RPL

of the operation of the PLUJ Banjarmasin.

4) Regional Government

a) Sociopolitical, economical, and cultural Sub-Service of the RegionalGovernment Tanah Laut (Dinas P dan IC, Tingkat I and I). This office will

help support the realization of the environmenal management, especiallywith a view to avoiding occurrence of social and cultural tensions caused byan influx of incomers. Additionally, as part of the monitoring team for reset-tlement and local supervision of lhe RKL and RPL.

b) Regional Office of RealthThis office to be responsible for the preparation of health information andevaluation of monitoring results to support the program on the managementof atmospheric environment and public health.

c) Department of Labour

This office to be responsible for the provision of local labor and the supervi-sion of the realizaton of the employment of local labour.

d) Department of CooperativesThis office to be responsible for aiding the formation of KUJD (village unitcooperation) for the thatchers in their new place of relocation provided byPLN. This KUD is expected to raie the standard of living of the inhabitantswhose land is acquired by the project.

4) Contractor

This party to carry out the activities planned by PLN as well as the environmen-tal management in accordance with the RKL and the RPL, as supervised byPU<N.

I-

8.3.4.2 Structure and scope of organizational duties

The coordination and implementation of environmertal management and monitoringplans are relatively new in Indonesia, and clear responsibilities are not yet welldefined at the individual level, not just in the case of PLN projects, but with mostgovernment agencies. Thcrefore enhancement of the organizational role within PLNand the related agencies is necessary in execution of environmental management,since it is a highly integrated and interacdve discipline.

As the prcject proponent, PEN Jakarta takes initiative in formualting the RKL whichhas been agreed upon. The initiative can be in the form of prcparation of an opera-

S {y;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~vp

tional docuneint and submission of the results to the appropriate aultlority.

Responsibility and coordination for implementadon tan be located to the followingindividuals in the meantime:

1. The Resettlement Officer appointed by the Section for Human Relations and theEnvironment (Bagian HIumas dan Lingkungan) of the Kalimantan Main ProjectPLN at Balkapapan will have day-day- rcsponsibility for coordination andsupervision of the resttlement plan until completed.

2. A Project Environmnent Officer based In the Section for Human Relations andthe Environment (Bagian Humas dan Lingkungan) of the Kalimantan MainProject PLN at Balkapapan will have day-day- responsibility for coordinationand supervision of the Environmental Management Plan

3. Day-today on-site implementation of the Environmental Plan will be the re-sponsibility of the SPP Plant Manager.

Collective units in charge of the implemcntation of the RKL include:

PLN should give information concerning environmental issues to the related agen-cies and PLN units. The related agencLes are expected to give necessary input toPLN in relation to its work plan concept as well as on-site supervisory duties.

8.3.4.3 Costs of 1EMAP

1) PLN as the proponent of the project of Banjarmasin MMC-SPP

PLN is to allocate a fund for the mitigation of environmental matters and in-vestment on environmental monitoring equipment, plus a routine annual amountfor environmental management. The costs for the environmental managementwill be include:

a) The costs for the preparation of land acquisition comprising the costs forholding meetings between PLN, Commission IX, and the inhabitants, as wcllas for provision of information and for administration.

b) Compensation for land, construction, and plants in accordance with the priceset by the Commission IX.

_-.__ w. -,_ -- -- - w*~ ~~IV) a iA L v. J_UUYI C QQi

lY'3

c) Costs for provision and operation of measuring equipment such as cfriciencymeasuring equipment (Electrostatic Precipitator, EP for short), measuringequipment of the quality of at; etc for the quality of atmosphere, water1 andsoil.

d) Costs for the operation and maintenance of waste oil treatment plant.

e) Costs for the maintenance of community program, such as the maintenance-- of infrastructure of school, mosque, meeting hall, etc. owned by PLN but

subject also to use by the community living in the vicinity of the project.

I) Costs for the management of environmental cleanliness around the project.

2) Regional Government and rclated agencies

The regional government and the related agencies to allocate their own funds inthe supervision of environmental management, which falls under their responsi-bility, which funds cover inter alia:

a) The costs of duty travel for the staff of the retated agencies concerned for thesuprvision of the imple.nentation of environmental management activities.

b) The costs for health education and offices, with a view to support the educa-tion and immunization of the community livirg around the project site.

c) Costs for provision of documents needed by the related agencies to supportthe execution of supervision of environmental management.

8.3.5 Supervision

8.3.5.1 Supervisory Body

Supervision of implementation of environmental management to be assumcd by:-a

a) Department of Mining and Energy through the Directorate General of Electrici-ty and Energy Development ("LPBF), cq Subdirectoate Life Environment, in atotal way in the field.

w- -e~ -- **.| vn' v-vJl' v. T vi

b) Department of Health cq Regional Office of Health of South Kaliuniantani, in adirect way by its subordinate office. 0

c) South Kalimantan Regional Government First Instance and Second Instance forLand and Sea, in social, cultural, and economical aspect by its subordinateoffice.

d) Board of Control of Environmental Inpact ("BAPEDAL"), in an overall way inregard to the activites of all of the aforementioned offices.

8.3.5.2 Implementation of supervision

The method of supervision of of the implementation of the environmental manage-ment to be as follows:

1. To scrutnize doctments relating to the implementation of EMAP such as:

a) Engineering design

b) Technical requirements on the execution of physical works which has toalways consider environmental demands and feasibility.

c) Manual or Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) of the operation and Tnainte-nance system of the ash catching device, chemical and oil and other wastetreatments.

2. To check and appraise the preparation, which has been made by the project, forthe implementation of integrated environmental management, such as holding ofmeeting and discussion, land acquisition, and others.

3. To check and appraise the information submitted by the project about theimplementation of the environmental management and monitoring.

Figure Matrix EMAP

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CHAPTER IX

9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING APPROACH

9.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE

9.1.1 General

_ The Environmental Moniitoring Plan (EMOP) of the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth CoalSteam Power Plant is a follow-up of the Environmental Impact Assessment asmentioned in Chapter 8.0 above.

The EMOP is also a guideline for the PLN, as the initiator of the PLTU and SPPBanjarmasin, and for other reated agencies. The implementation of the Monitoring

Plan (RPL) or is to be effected in the impact area, in particular the location of activi-ties within the working area of the PLTU.

9.1.21 Objectives

9.1.2.1 General objectives

The overall objectives of the Monitoring Plan, henceforth referred to as the RPL,

are as follows:

1. To provide guidelincs on the efficiency and effectiveness of the implementationof the mitigation measures and environmental management.

2. To provide guidelines on the measures to be taken in accordance with themonitoring results, whethr they indicate the impacts as being on the increase orotherwise.

3. To provide input and guidelines on environmental monitoring to the workingunits of the SPP Banjarmasin at all stages. During the construction stage, thiswill refer to PLN Kalimantan Main Project, and during the operational stage tothe PLN Region VI and to other related agencies.

4. To provide guidelines on formualtion of an annual working program for theimplementaton of technically and economically feasible monitoring of environ-menL

9.1.2.2 Short-term objectives

The short-termed objectives of the RPL of the PLTU are as follows:

1. Ib evaluate any increase in the intensity of social tension and disturbance of

communal order that might arise due to:• land acquisition,* resettlement,

- * better job opportunities and incomes for outsiders,

and to take actions as necessary to overcome the problem.

2. To monitor atmospheric pollution that might occur during:

* mobilization of equipment and construction maerials,

i land preparation,

'main construction works,

and to take actions as necessary to overcome the problem.

-3. To monitor pollution of of the River Asam-asam that might occur due to landmaturation and main construction foundation works, and to take actions asnecessary to overcome the problem.

9.1.2.3 Long-term objectives

The long-term objective of the RPL is to arrange monitoring in the stages of opera-

tdon and maintenance of the SPP Binjarmasin. The monitoring results will then beable to be used to identify negative impacts to be anticipated and the existing positive

impacts to be further developed. It can be outlined as follows:

1. To evaluate whether activities of coal unloading, coal burning, and ash tardisposal have caused acceptible limits of the following to be be exceeded:* ash and dust gascous emissions at ground level, especially NOx, SOx, CO and* HCO, and to take pertinent necessay actions,

and to take actions as necessary to overcome the problem.

2. To monitor the chemical content of the liquid effluents into the river from wastewater and sewage treatment plants by measuring water at:

9.2.1.2 Supervsilon

Supervision of environmental monitoring to be assumtd by: -

I. Department of Mining and Energy throlugh the Directorate General of Elecwici-ty and Energy Development ("LPE"), cq Subdirectorate of the Living Envi-ronment.

2. Department of Health, Regional Office of Health of South Kalimantan, formatters relating to community health.

3. South Kalimantan Regional Governmnent First Instance and Second Instance for_hnah Laut, for socio-economic matters.Board of Control of Environmental Impact ("BAPEDAL"), in a global way overalI of the aforementioned offices.

Supervision of the efficiency and methodology of environmental monitoring willinclude:

1. Scrudny and evaluation of the information submitted by the monitoring agents2. Provision of moniLoring guidelines as considered necessary, such as recom-

mending increase or decrease in type or fiequency of information gatheed.3. Censuring the environmiental monitoring agent if considered negligent in per-

formance of his duties.4. Decisions with regard to:

a. Extension of the period of monitoring due to indication of decrease in thequality of environment.

b. Shortening of the period of monitoring for opposite reasonsc. Tldng of emergency action if, according to the information on the results of

monitoring, there exists serious negative impact requiring immediate hand-ling.

9.2.1.3. Inplementation

A. Pre-construction and construction stages

During this stage, day-to-day execution of monitoring in the field will be deleW

gated to appropriate staff by the Project Manager. The PM will report the result

so of monitoring to the Environment Officer responsible for the SPP Banjarma-sin within the Section for Human Relations and Environmcnt at from PLN

KCaIlmantan Main Project, Baiikpapan, who will ret.uln ultimatc rcpo:isibIlitywithiin PLN for monitoring durlng the constnrction and pro-construction phase.

In the case of rsenttlement, It 1s proposed to appoint a special silte Resettlment

Officer who will also be responsible for monitoring the resettlement process.ResponsIbilities for supervision will be as descrlb:d above.

B. Operational stage

During this stage, day-to-day responsibility for environmental monitoring will

lie with the SPP Plant Manager, who will delegate appropriate of his saLaff to

carry out the measurements at the agreed frequencies, and will also be reponsi-ble for ensuring that monitorng equipment is available, In good order, and that

- the appointed staff kIow how to use it.

9.2.2 Scope and Content of Monitoring

9.22.1 Pre-construction and construction stages

Items to be monitored during the pre-construction and construction stages will in-clude:

1. Land acquisition and compensation to be carried out in the agreed manner, satis-factory to both the project initiator and the land owners.

2. The local labour, subject to their sUill and availability of suitable jobs in theproject, to be given priority in the opportunities for employment.

3. Regulation of traffic lines, particularly during the mobilization of equipment and- construction materials, by placing tratTic signs in accident prone areas.

4. Provision and operation of sedimentatin basins around the project site to hold_ scdiment carried off by water flow.

5. Periodical water spraying of the project access road to reduce dust, particularlyin the area of settement during dry season.

9.22.2 Operational stage

Items to be monitored during the operational phasL will include:

1. Levels of SOx and Nox at groundievel.2. Ash retransport back to the coalmine by P T Arutmin is proceeding according to

IX -5

I S-.i.t -Yi TlU"- 20: 06 WORLD BANK: 1St 1X .. ', 3(X. 5200438 P. 96

* the point of discharge from the waster waler treutment plant (the labt polilt oFdischarge befoic the River)

• upstream and downstream of the SP?and to take actions as necessary to overcome the problem.

3. Tb monitor whether the quality of seepage water and leachate from the:a coat storage area,* ash disposal area,

has uxceeded tolerable limits, and to take actions as necessary to overcome theproblem.

4. To evaluae social tension and disturbance of social security if such occurs, dueto enclave development or social jealousy toward the workers of the SPP.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING APPROACH

An oudine of the monitoring plan for the Banjarmasin SPP project is presented in theannexed Table-2. The scope of monitoring follows the items covered in the Envi-ronmental Impact Study and the Environmental Management Plan, and thus coversthe relevant physical, chemnical, socioeconomic, and cultural aspects.

9.2.1 Responsibilities

9.2.1.1 General

Responsibilities for the implementation of monitoring will lie with the PLN, and willvary between the two distinct phases of the project, i.e (i) preconstruction/construc-tion phase and (ii) operation phase. These are described in sections 9.2.1.1 and9.2.1.2 below.

PLN will bear the main monitoring costs, especially (O) the costs of monitoringequipment (Gas and Dust Samplers etc) and (ii) operational costs for taling andanalyzing of samples. However, the regional government and the related agencieswill allocate their own funds in th.e supervision of environmental monitoring whichfalls under their responsibility.

15t* a

plan. If this arrangement should breakdown temporarily, that ash is being prop-erly stored in the appointed Terminal Disposal Area. to be disposed of in theconcave or low area.

3. Water seepage from the coal and ash storage area by measurement of leachatequality.

4. The condition of the liquid waste treatment plant; by results of chlorination anddemineralization, and of terminal disposal area (TDA) for solid waste remainderfrom the liquid waste treatment plant.

- 5. Dust catchment level efficiency of the Electrostatic Precipitator (EP). Its designefficiency of 99.7% should be checked fortnightly.

_ 6. Correct functioning of the oil/water flocullation plant and separadon basin. Thiswill be done by measuring the quality of separated water for oil content before itreturns to the waste water treatment plant.

7. Measurement of ambient noise levels at the 1 meter distance from machinery aswell as at the fence.

S. Safety in the work place through conformity to regulations concerning storageand use of toxic chemicals, and enforcing use of protective gear such as earplugs and dust respirators.

9. Installation of facilities for entertainment, sport, religious services, and educa-tion, as well as other suppordng infrastrture vis--vis the planned incoming 600labour to be employed.

9.2.3 Monitoring Methods and Frequency

9.2.3.1 General

The degree and extent of atmospheric and water pollution will be measured bytaking samples of atmosphere and water at critical locations; the effect of such onthe health of labour will be sampled intensively if and wlhen symtoms occur, and lessintensively by periodic reference to health check-up data from employees. Directionand spectrum of spread, characteristics of the pollutants, and length of time of theeffect caused will be specified.

Examination will be in situ or in the laboratory, depending on the relevant physicaland chemical parameters and in accordance with standard procedures, such as thoseof ASTM or EPA.

quality. Indonesian limits for S02 are 260 )g/in' and World Bank limits 500_Agpie. Limits for NOx are 92.5 pg/n9 and 100 Mg/mr.

_Gas Samplers will be used to monitor gaseous emissions and Dust Sampler tomonitor fugitive ash and dust. Readings will be taken of each ambient gas and ofash in front of the inhabitant houses situated by the border of the project site.The data values are calculated by examining change of colour of the calibratedchemical substance of the gas sampling device.

R Noise

PLN has fixed sta'dards for ambient noisine measured in Dba at fied distancesfrom the relevant equipment. The tolerance limit for Dba is 15 at 1 meter fromthe generator or other equipment, and 65 Dba at the fence

Monitoring should be carried out at weekly intervals using a Noise Level MeterS strategic locations such as the entry point to the project site and perimeterfeces of the project, especially those beside housing. Results of monitoring tobe reported once in a month.

C Water Quality

Water turbidity may be caused by soil exposed in cut and fill works and cariedoff by surface water flow during heavy rains and floods. MNonitoring willmeasure changes in the coefficient of water flow Mte, appearance (colour) ofescape water, as well as the magnitude of sedimentation in the flow down-

stream. The parameters read will be turbidity, water colour and dissolved mud

content of the escape water measured in the unit of mg/l..

Monitoring will be carried out monthly over the construction period in the waterbody of the Asanm-Asam River, at three locations as shown in the annexed Pig.9.1. The monitoring results to be reported once every three month until con-struction is completed. An Inhoff Cone will be used for for taking water sam-

ples, and Turbidimeter for measuring the turbidity of water.

Although changes in water colour can be observed physicalLy, the exact content

of mud in the water can only be known by using the correct equipment.

l Ix-

19-A!R-94 TUE 20:IO WORLD BAUM RSI FAX NO. 5200438 P.0L

D. Biota

Land clearing and preparation, as well as construction of utilities and infrastruc-ture of the SPP Banjarmasin have potential to impact negatively on flora, fauna,

ard aquatic biota.

Damage to flora can nonitored by physical changes in the surf-ace of leaves,Impacts on aquadc blota can be monitored by measuring incidence of biota suchas plankton and benthos in the body of water, and comparig this with tde base-line survey figures. It is not considered profitable or necessary to monitormammalian life, since no major threat to their habitat has been identified.

No special equipment is required to monitor damage or changes to flora leafsurfaces, while an 'Inhoff Cone' will be used for taking water samples tomeasure effcts on aquatic biota. and pertinent bottlc to carry the sample with tothe laboratory.

I ~ Monitoing shoutd be carned out once a months and the results reported everysix months

S. Socio-economic and health aspects

The employment opportunities for local residents as well as incomers will leadto creation of new trade such as small shops, and possible health disturbancesfrom the enclave community and workers, and social disorders from jealously orenvy between outsiders and incoming workers.

Monitorin will cover the folowing:

extent of employment of local labour by the projectI extent of the uncontroLled small shops and businesses, including devclop-

ments in the local red light area- living conditions of the imported workers

helth coniditions as seen as epidemics or unusual outbreaks- security and levd of crime in the project area.

Monitoring should be carried out monthly in the vicinity of the project, near-byvllage and red light arca. Results of motiitoring should be reported every six

month during the constructioni period. PLN Balikapapan, (Sectioni for HumanRelations and Environment) should employ staff or consultants to carry outmonitoring of socio-econoTnic and cultural aspect.

9.2.3.5 Operational Stage

A. Atmospheric quality

Atmospheric pollution may result from the coal-burning process, especiallyemissions of sulphurous and nitorus oxides and residual fugitive ash. The extentor impact of ash, S02, N02, and hydrocarbons will be comnpared against thestandard quality as defined in the Ministerial Decree of KLH No.Kep.02INKTLI11988 and SPLN 46-11 1981 and SPLN 46-2/1981.

Monitoring will be carried out on the basis oF the dominant wind directionaround the project. Measurement to take place in six locations at the pointsshown in the annexed Fig. 9.2.

Monitoring should be caried out every three months during the operation of thePLTU Banjarmasin, while reporting of the results to be once in six months.

As for the construction period, the equipmcnt to be used in taking samples ofash and gases are the Dust Samplers and Gas Samplers respectively. Samplesshould be taken at pre-determined points by sucking in the ambient air andforcing though a certain calibrated chemical solution.

Through measurement of change in colour of the chemical solution, the concen- itration of the pollutidg substances can be computed. The computation is thencompared with the existing standard of quality. Indonesian limits for S02 are

260 g/rm3 and World Bank limits 500 glm'.

Limits for NOx are 92.5 pg/m3 and 100 Aug/in.

Coal quality must be closely monitored to ensure that there is no significantincrease of sulfur in raw coal. The regulatory limit with respect to S02 emis-sion will be reached if the sulfur in coal should exceed 0.5%.

B. Water Quality

Tlhe liquid waste streams which have the potential to pollute surface atnd groundwater bodies are:

(a) water reatment plant drains;(b)demineralizer plant wastes;(c)boiler blowdown:(d)cooling tower blowdown;(e)power plant miscellaneous drains;(f) run off and leacbate from the coal and ash yards; and(g)sanitary wastes.

Measurements on water wiU include;(a) colour changes,(b)turbidityt(c) temperature(d)pH(e) "BOD" and "COD"(i) level of solid suspensions

(g)heavy metals such as Hg, Cr, Se, Cd, Cu(h)residual oils and fuels

Water quality will be compared quality standards ditcated by GovernmentRegulation No. 20/1990 on the control of water pollution, and MinisterialDecre of KLI No. KEP-42/MENKLHW1988 on the Guidelines of Determi-nation of Standard Environmental Quality.

Water samples will be taken from the following three locations as shown in the

annexed Fig. 7:

* water treaunent plant at the point just before discharge into the rivera strategic point in the Asam-Asam River upstream of the SPP

* a stategic point in the Asam-Asam River downstream of the SPP

Sample no. 1: to be talen from the River Asam-Asam before the meeting pointbetween the River Asam-Asam and the River Baru. This sample will monitorthe original (pre-pollution) quality of the water of the river Asam-Asam as thepre-project baseline, for comaprison with the points below the SPP.

-x - 11

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nSample no. 2: to be taken from the discharge point of the waste waWr treatmentplant ito the Asam-Asam River.

Sample no. 3; to be taken from downstream of the SPP at the meeting pointbetween the River Asain-Asam and a tributary (the border of the project site).This measurement wilL monitor any water pollution as a result of the project.

Monitoring to take place monthly, and reports to be submitted every twomonths.

C. Biota

As for the construction stage, (See 9.2.2.4 Item D above)

The equipment to be used in monitoring the appearance of fauna is a digitalcounter. Damage on flora does not need special equipment for measurement asit can be secn visually. For monitoring of impact on aquatic biota 'inhoff cone"-will be used for takinpg water sample and pertinent bottle to carry the samplewith to the laboratory.

D. Socio-economic aspects

Monitoring of the socio-economic aspects during construction will focus on:

(I) The opportunities for the local residents to run new business such as cateringservices, cleaning scrvices, small shops, transportation, home industries etc.made wDossible by the availability of electrical power and by social facilities

accessie w uiC SUtVLiIULUILL7J, UAL* .- _.

N1pah Cooperadve to be established for resceted people.

(2) Changes in the incoine of the inhabitants (baseline versus subsequent time

samples).

(3) The numbers and category of employment of local labour by the project, as aperenge of employees originating from outside.

(4) Social jealousies, tensions or problems as a result of the SPP for whateverreason (due isolated enclave development, for example).

EX - 12

(5) the development of shanty towns or slums as a result of uncontrolled housebuilding by SPP employecs.

Monitoring to tak-oe place in the vicinity of die project and near-by village once ayear, and the results thereof to be reported once in a year. PLN to appoint andfund a consultant to carry out monitoring of thb socio-economnic and culturalaspect. No particular equipment will be required.

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APPENDIX

A. LIST OF EIA PREPARERS

Identity of the Proponent

The Project Proponent of the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Cool Fired Power Plant,Banjarmasin is:The Initiator : State Electrical Corporation (PLN)

Officier in Charge : Ir. R.M. Sayid Budihardjo

Occupation : Head of PLN Environmental Assesment

Team LeaderOfficial Address : n. K.S. Tubun 1/2 Jakarta Bat

Identity of Executor

Project Executioner : State Electrical Corporation (PLN)

Officer in Charge : Head of the Survey Sub DivisionOfficial Address LINA Building 4th Floor

J1. Rasuna Said, Jakarta Pusat

Identity of Environmental Impact Assessment (ANDAL)

The Environmental Impact Assessment of the Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal FiredPower Plant was done by PLN with the assistance of PT. PRATAMA WIDYA.

Officer in Charge of Environmental Assesment Study:

Name : Tr. OehadiyonoOccupation : Director of PT. PRATAMA WIDYA

Official Address : Green Ville AW 64

Jakart

The Envlronmental Assesment Tmai consists of;

1. 'Iam Leader ; Ir. Suharto Ijojudo, M.Sc2. Socio-Economic Specialist : Dra. Budi Ngestiningsih3. Biologist : Dra. Nanik Hem Suprapti4. Public Health Specialist : dr. Adi Hcru Sutomo5. MIeteorologist : IL Bambang P6. Geologist : Kr. Wartono Rahardjo7. Electrical Engineer : Ir. Syafri Martinus8. Physical/Chemical Engineer : Ir. Ferdinand9. Mining Engineer : Tr. Aryo PE, M. Eng

The EMAP and EMOP Study Team Consists of:

1. Team Leader : Ir. Bambang Suryanto MSPSI2. Power Engineer Specialist : Ir. Supardi3. Socio-Economic Specialist : Drs. Gunarto/Drs. Edi Santoso SW4. Chemist Specialist : Ir. Agus Hadiyanto5. Forestry Specialist Ir. Nurbadi

- B. REFERENCES

1. PLN, Studi Analisa Dampak Lingkungan PLTU Mulut Tambang BatubaraBanjarmasin (Environmental Impact Asscssment of Banjarmasin Mine MouthCoal Stcam Power Plant).

2. PLN, Studi Rencana Pengelolan PLTU Mulut Tambang Batubara Banjarmasin(Environmental Management plant).

3. PLN, Studi Rencana Pemnantauan PLTU MUlut Tambang Batubara Banjarmasin- (Environmental Monitoring Plant).

4. PLN, Studi Rencana Pemukinman Kembali Proyck PLTU Mulut TambangBatubara Banjarmasin (Resettlement Plan of Banjarmasin Mine Mouth CoalStearn Power Plant).

cq~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sC:

I i -I C i IIII

I I 1. I I I. I I I I Il. I I I l, I I ., IlI'.

APPENDIX D

_ RESULTS QF STACK PLUME DIPSERSION MODELLING

1. Air Quality rediction

The calculation of gasses dispersion and flying dust (ash) in this context uses the

SCREEN program of USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) based on the

GAYUSS formula.

The inputs includes:

- Emission speed (gram/sec)

- High and diameter of chimney (m)

- Speed and temperature of gases from chimney- MNeteorological Condition

;- 7-. IMW=erion-calculafion

This calculation a maximum ground is run for Thermal Power Plant Mulut Tambang

Batubara Banjarmasin with maximnum capacity: 4 x 65 MW + 4 x 100 MW.

- Coal quantity required is 385.8 ton/hour

- Su:r 0.23%9Dust 3%

i- - ~~~~~Calorie levrel: 4193 callkg

t - ~~~~~Efficiency of electrostatic precipitator: 99.7 %

'_ - ~~~Emission

* S02 492.9 gorarn/set.

* NOX =317,9 gTamlsec

* Dust =8.195 gremsec

-Chimney gasses speed = 20 mlsec

- Simulation is run under meteorological condition:

Atmospheric stability 3 (CO and 4 (D)

.V 17

* Wind speed 1 (m/sec) and 2 (m/sec)

- Chimney high - 100 m- Chimney diameter = 2.8 m

3. Meteorological Dah

Simulation is carried out for maximum ground calculation within a distance 5 kmwith interval 100 m from 8 wind direction (N,NE,E,SE,S,SW,W,NW).

4. Result of Calculations

The three significant pollutants are calculated and the result is given as an isopleth

presented in Figure 5.1 through 5.3. It is concluded that the imnpact of air pollution

is not excessive or unusual for potential emissions from power plant (PLTU).

Figure 4.4 shows that maximum SOX calculation at the ground are 90 mg/m3 within

the distance of 4.2 km from the power plant. The SO, value is still low compared tothe applicable standard for SOX 260 mgl/n ovcr 24 hours pcriod.

Figure 4.2 shows the maximum NOx values are 70.0 mg/rn' within a distance of 4,2

km from power plant. This NO, value is still low compared to the applicable stand-ard for NO, 92.5 mg/m3 over 24 hour perod.

Figure 4.3 shows that maximuTn fly ash concentration is 30 mg/rn within a distance

4.2 km from the power plant, The fly ash value is still low compared to the ap-

plicable standard for fly ash 260 mgalm over 24 hours period.

Calculations are shown in Appendix D, Table 1 below.

Ut 10

ALppenldix I), TAbl.e 1

The reusult of maximum aonaentratLoa for 24 hours exposure

atmospheric stabi).Lty 3 3 4' 4

Wind speed rn/usc 1 2 1 1

502 concantration ( g/m2) 138.8 99.12 9.0 23.24

Distance (mn) 7419 99.12 7880 7880

NOX concentration Cl 3/~ 88.24 63.92 5.8 14.98

Distance (mn) 7419 4200 7880 7880

Duat concentration ( g/m3 3.0 2.1 0.3 0.62

Distance (mn) 7880 7880 7880 7880

The above result telling that maximum concentratlon for 24 hoursexposures ares

Maximumn concentration maximumu Level. advfaed maximum LeveL advised

$(indonaSts) C(worLd ganik)

NOX 88.24 92.5 100

Dust 3.0 260 50o

I I L I I I I I I I I i . .. L I

TAKLE - 5 (I

COWARIBON BETWEeN INCOME AND EXPINDITURK

ALSO "LANCE WHICH CAN R BAVYED PER YEAR

NPA)H LEAVES THATCH ROOF A RTUqA

.I_________ INCOME EXPENDrTURE BALANC SAVED

.__*_ El A E EAACE EIA EMAP&E" BALANCE EIA EM E B CE

2 . 417__ _ _ 7 |___ 10 11 13

2 Juno" 4,l20.O 1.530.00o 2,35,00 .

S KM1 432.000 LWOW0 2,520.0 1.940.00 1.280.00 740.000 2.550.000 300.000 2.000.000

a n"i 6,1200.0 5.40000 720.000 2.275.00 4,80000 (2.252.0001 3a.45.00 0600.000 3.245,000

5 Mmii 4.32D00 1.537.000 2,715.00

* Jl_ Aib 540.000 1,078,000 5SARAN

7 - 0 1,050,0 00 3.00D,O

WS Aw S. 100 1 , 0 14D.000 10000 (450.000 1.32D0.00 0 1.320,00D

* mo,inu 2.620,000 1.440.00 1.0o.000 745.000 Sale (175.000, 1.735.0w 450,000 1,2S5,00

10 Hkawi 7,65a7.000 4.200.000 3.360.000 2.227,0 3.00090o0 (673.000 S.233.00D 1.200,Z00 4.023,030

11 Rwksa t 7.G.000 2.1Z0.000 5.400.000 1.45,000 13.20,000 2S.0W 5,06 S)00 140000 5.378,000

TtAL 1.160.0M0 1.3W0,KO 14,220,000 19,007.0 15.0oo p3,055.DO 07,153.000 2,320,000 17,06,00D zAWNAf 5.105,455 2,73080 20 2.370.000 1.727,0 2,260,000 514,66 3,377.545 470,000 2,184,657

I 1 I I I I II I I1' 1 '1|

TABLE - O (2/)

COMPARISON BETWEN INCOME AS EXPENIITURIE

ALSO BALANCE WHICH CAN SE SAVED PER YEAR

WVOD TRADER

ICOUE EXPENoWLnmE BALANCE AVEDNo, NAME Of FARtY HEAD .

EIA EMAaMOP BALANCE l EP OP BALANCE Z IA EMAPaEMOP BALANCE

mm2i S - 7 EU;;O 10 Is :i

TOTAL 11.73000M p.600.000 (4.06 4.9750 0,720.00D (441.000 2,781.000 1,00,000 141,000

_ mER^CE 3292S1.MOoOf 4200.02 0 _10. 1.6SO, 3.240.000 (1.s5,60.3 2,6.,03 00.000 2.5100soo

I~~~~~~~

REPORT ON PUBIC CONSULTATION

BANJARMASIN MINE MOUTH COAL STEAM POWER PLANT

ON OCTOBER 23', 1993

PERUSALAN UMUM USTRI NEGARAOCrOBER 1993

SUMMARY REPORTON

PUBLIC CONSULTATION OFBANJARLMASIN MINI! MOUTH COAL STEAM POWER PLANT

JAT ASAM-ASAMN IOCTOBER 23k 1993

With reference to 1BRD Aide Menoire of Outer Island Project on July 231 1993, a publicconsultation of The Banjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steam Power Plant was held in project site

_ . at Asam-asam village, on october 23" 1993 with the following details;

1. The meeting was organized by PLN Region VI Banjarbaru, which requested to TanalaLaut Residence (Bupati Kepala Daerah TK II Tanab Laut) as the government authorityfor decided of the date and place (see attachment 1).The secretary of Tanah Ltut Residence was announced to local inhabitant In Asam-asam, where the project is lucated that meetng will be held on october 23' 1993 atsmall the mouse (Masolla) in project site in Asam-asam village (see attachment 2).

2. PLN Region VI BanIa&Dwu was issued letters (see attachment 3) for invitation to fourNGO I LSM (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat), consist of:

f Forda Walhi (Banjrmsin Branch)13 LSM Bina Potenslafl [SM Bina Kampung Halaman

l SM Kompas Burneo

- 3. A total of 67 people was attended in this meeting. Consist of 36 people from localcommunity, 4 people from NGO and 27 people from official staff of local goverumentand institudon which had relation with tis project such as Carat, Lurah, BadanPertnahan Nasional, PLN staff and IBRD Staff.

4. Agenda and result of the iieeting are described into a minutes of meeting.

5. Attedance List of Public Consultion can be seen at attacbment-5.

6. Documentation on photograph can be sn at attachment-6.

vo6MINIUTE OF MEEIING ON PUBLIC CONSULTATION

OF THE BANJARMASIN MINE MOUTH COAL STIAAM POWER PLANT

D;aATE : OCrOBER 23b, 1993TIME :11:00-14:00LOCATION : PROJECT SITE IN ASAM-ASAM VILLAGECHAIRMAN : Mr. Berahim (Staff of Camat lorong Office)MODERATOR OF DISCUSSION : Mr. Didit Masdjkil - NGO (LSM Bina Potensia)AOENDA

1. ADIRFSSES 4ND PRISENTA'11ObJS

1. Welcome speech by Head village of Asam-asam (Kades) Mr. Antung Masrani, Hesaid WClcoIDe into that mectiug (Public Consultaion) at mosolla in Asam-asam villageand he was expecLed all inbabitance in suwounding Banjanasin Mine Mouth CoalSteam Power Project will be pariciped into this project both direct or indirectactivities.

2. Wlcome speech by Camat Jorong, Mr. Munandar Aris. He said .RT VI citizen shouldbe proud that Coal-fired Stcamn Power Plant project will be constructed in their area.

3. Address by Mr. Sofyan Arfan Assistance I of Tanah Laut Regency (speak on be halfof Bupati). He said about uIc importace of this project for electricity supply in SouthKalimantan, and he appointlm that this project will be located in Asam-asam village,and will bc advantaged into people sarounding tat project

4. Address by Mr. Hariadi Sadono, deputy of operatoa PLN Region VI. He introducePLN staff and explain intenL of public consultation.

5. Presentation on Technical and Environmental Aswects of The Banjarinasin Mine MouthCoal Steam Power Plaiat Project by Mr. Ridzaluddin Imban (Chief Survey SubDivision of PLN Head Ofrice). The prescatation was circulated brochure to helpunderstanding of that project (see atachment 4).

I

2. DISCUSSIQ UESTION ANI) ANSWER1

_ 1. Mr. SUTARMAN (Informal leader of the Commwnd:yj

Opision:O-' ' He felt that the B1ijarmasin Mine Mouih Coal Steam Power Plant Project at

Asam-asam village, would not cause any major damage to their quality of life.They would need to be resettled properly and would like to get jobs in theproject.

Question:

a). What about Llic replacement to houses, land, plant, livestock, andithetransfer cost ?

. b). Can PAPS get priority in employment ?c). Can the eight families who live on the side of the creek can also be

rehabilitated ?d). What about gardening ?e). What about witih iipah transportation ?

Answered: (Mr. Ridzaluddin imban - PLN Puiai)

a). Tbe compensation will be non cash compensation. It mean thehouse and land will be replaced bj . iew house and land at the new site.The cash compensation just for plantation and cost of transportation to newresetement

b). PLN would Liy to provided employment according to skill.c). AUl the 36 famnilies including 8 families in the north of Baru creek in that

community will be resettled.d). Compensation will be given.e). Help would be given for collecting Nfipah leaves.

Information:

1. LSM (NGO) Bina Poternsia (Mr. DTdif Masdjl&d)

It is not necessary that all PAPS are given Job during construction. Other- opportunities also sliould be exploited.

2. Head of Asam-isan (Mr. Artung fasyrzni)

The Government at iighest level (Governor) concerned about environmentaland rehabilitation. lIe was hopeful that PLN would make a goodresettlement programs.

2

2. Ngatijo (Head R7 XIJ)

Question:

a). What about t1b; new road plan for the new housing locadon ?This may affect some land boldLg. Wlll they be componsated ?

b). Will the resetule people be encouraged to Join the exlstingcommunity ?

Answered: (Mr. PJtdialuddln 1lbn - PLN Pusat)

a). Yes, people whose lanid will cause under the new road will hecompensated.

b). Yes, the existing Communities should also help the new setLied.

3. Mr. Saimin

Question:

a Will the SPP project confs¢uct the school, mosque, Health center(Piskesmas), anid the asphalt road ?

Answered : (Mr. Ridzaluddin *bban - PLN Psat)

ri The mosque and public multi purpose room will be build in the newlocation and the other facilities such as Puskesmas, school have beenexisted nearby the new resettlement plan.

4. Mr. Abdullah

Question:

_ 1 What about tie eight families who live in the north of Baru creek?

Answered: (Mr. idzaluddin Imban - PLN Pisat)

1 They will also be resettled along with compensdtion.

3

S. Mr. Tormiji, Mr. Baunn nd Mr. Bandar

- Mentioned:

0 They agree wdiJ tde project and tho rmsettlement pla.

- 6, NOO Kompas Bomeo (Mr. M. Ismail)

Question:

n The draft plan for resettlement must becodme reality.If the implezciLaLion fails, with PLN and the Government. Will get a hadnume ?

Answered: (Mr. RIdzaluddin Imban - PLN Pusat)

n A strict implemenlation schedule r"ill be monitoring by PLN / Governmentvery closely. The local district official and the NGO will be in themonitoring coMiiittee.

7. NGO Mapala Sylva (Mr. Soepono)

Question:

13 Will the PLN give ouher opportunities to the PAPS like livestock breadingand plantation ?

Answered:

Mr. Hariadi Sudono (P'LN Region VI)

f The PLN would like to help the community to lend fund an activecooperative insLitution.

1 PLN has already a sclheme to assist such activities, such as have been donein the fiscal 199211993, PLN had given credit up to Rp. 400.000.000,- tocooperative instltution.

4

P/to8. NGO Porda Wa&1W (Mr. Paghurachman)

Questioa:

1 Why Waihi just Invite in public consultation ? Will Walhi be involved inthe monitoring plan?

Answered:

Mr. RIdzalludin Imban (PLV Pgat)

O On meedng (october 21 I, 1993) in Oovernor's Ofrice, all NOO wereinvited. Their help is reqLlired by PLN for implementation of this plan.

9. Mr. Bachtia (head of WAD)

Question:

a). Developmant rcquircs sacririce, but the people must be compensated.b). Negive impact can be felt as river waer can be polluted by fly ash.

= .Precaution iluSL lio taken.

Answered :Mr. RWzalwJdia Ir man - PLN Pusat)

a). Have been answer beforeb). All the negative impacts will be prevented and monitored routinely.

10. PT. Hutan Kintap (Mr. Kusnadi)

Question:

a). Wbat about the HIutn Kitp area 7b). How will the projcct affect the forest concession of the company?

Answered: (Mr. RiWtaluddin Imban - PLN PuaO)

a). Very small area of die concession given to the factory will be affectedb). Necessary changes will be made by Government.

5

_* .WILAYAH VI.Jalan Punglima Batur oarat LNo. I Barijarbaru 70711

1p. No. a(5I)IJ2525. 2632,9 3U*- Itolk Pa i I Banjnlrbaru . Bnk I UaD Danhlarniasin113M1, 91257, IE64. Kamt PLN WILENAM . ONI 11116 Benljtilmta

:.x I 313 . t Faclnimlle : (0511) s2z'az . SRI Marlipura

Ban jarbaru, 1.3 OCT 1993Surat Nomor : 4 6 2/49S/w.vr/1993/1q.Surat Sdr.No.: ; . KEPADALAmpIran, ; - § ' BC/BATr KEPAMA DAsRA vrt xI

: Publi Consultation TARAff LAcrrden gan masyarakat'.

I .. . . d l -

4~~~~~~~ 4

4... 9 .

2~'*4 PELAIHARY

Sehubungan dengan akan dlaidakannya penjelasan dari CLVtentang rancana pembangunan pL2'U Asa -Asmm Icepadamasyarakat/penduduk disekitar lokasi paer:a

* HuArl / tanggal: Sabtu 1.23 Oktober 1993* Jar.I a .: 12,00 VIta..T.o6pic t ' .... ::Asaa-Ashm.

Ber .samali Akind aaoho Jep 1 ida Bapak Bupati untuk dapat, maeberltahukan k Jeopadi V'masyarakat/pendudluk di5eki tar*aokasi, levat. pciberitahutan nusus untuk Ilutbernladlr

_ *n, mendengarkan ponJelasan-boentlasan disaksud.

P daipertemuan Cersebut .kami mengharapkan Saudara CamatSaorong dapae MembilerSkin kata sambutan yang bericaltan

- .t4engan rencana. pexbangunan PLTU Asam-Asarn.* ; * ~ ~~~ *. 4..

Demikian, atas perhatiin dan bantuannya diucapkan terimakasib. . ...

4 4. . - .PJIAA~N PJ?HIHPIN,_ .. *

_ , : ' *~~~~~~.~ . -- *.: : * w-v- @s *ej* \0fLAYA.t

Tembuchn tANTOS..O ..' ":.* .' - BAPPEDA TK. I XA2-Sel.'

* . 1Biro Lit P,F&A TK.S JCal-Sel.* .- :tamat Jorong.

- . * 4 * I

Sit; * . 4.

_ ~~~~~~~~. * -

_eMErRINTAH KAOUPATIEN CAERAI-I 1INGICAT If TANAH LAUT

SEKRETARIAT IA11 AtYAH! / r)A=EQA

_ 9 / JALAN GAGAS NO. 36 TELEPOti 21003 & 21037PE0L AI HA FIl

_ e _ _ , _ , -. . . , :. -_. c . :=~~~~~~~~S.

- . Pealb±ri, 14 Oktobar 1993

U U D AV 14 0 A U_mm wnu ^m>wa. . K 0 p Os t n

Yh iAnlaaaab96lJai44 rd tltaIa.

@~~~~~~~~~~~ 4 0 | X|^a4i444J

* ' ' *0L: M! 4")~~~PA~i4n.D ¢LL '**e 2Di -

.Mangharap deriran hoar-at kuhadiran Bapak/'Ibi/'w3oadra(r ) unt'jk b,jrhadir p3- -

Ea ;"&r n Ptaje1asa 7rS.: DI 'fsZtang lenana n e £uainan PLTU Agam Asa=

R { akin ailksar.-a6an pada. *

a a r IS.A. U . _ I

T t A g 1.: I 23 OTICBSR 1993

-J * w 11.0O ITA

T . arn p t a 'ID KLMV-A -tL- b?. GD-.'J; ASAtK- AS34i4 KS,_UMATA f

* . JOROYC

Demiktan dica;mpa.kva iata proohati dati lea.-iirasUIa kari ucark&t ta rin.A

- * ~~ka:x1ho

., * C

* . ._: * - _ KEPXLA lDV TnUMUT UPe~~~~~~~2r

* .5 .* /i g\rt 1 u

a* .s'Wilaynh Eeb

_ . 9;R'> S Ay~~~~~C~~5YJ!L \}

6 < tUbiZKi.ItlO 49 N 2 ', .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA L ATTACHMENT - i' ~ . t ;^.''WILAYAH VI

Jalan Pangilma B.Lur'Barat No. 1 BSanjarbaru 70711..f ..

lp. No. (0511) 92520, 91133. 92634 ' Kotok Peai A Bmnlarboru R Bank a 8BD SanJarmmsin32261, 92597, 9256*4 ,.* Kawfl i PLN WILENAJM , BNI 1946 Danjartiaru

- tOx I 39315 Facsimile z (0511192442 BRI Mulepura

sir. fJj.Y O~tFW. .. /19S3f4 DsniuttAv 1I

.L* *P I ra& _'-I

for l. it I Undangan Portomuan KEPADA Yth.

' * ;. 8 - CABANO "WALHI" BANJARMASIN' - LSM KOMPAS BORNEO

LSM BINA POTENSIA:, - LiLM KAMPUNO HALAMAN

.,Di-

- * *. C BANJARMASXN

*1'

Sehubungan'"dengafi atian diadakannya penjelasan dari PLNtentanq Rencana Pembangunan PLTU Asam-Asam denigan

. masyarokat/penduduk di. sekitar lokasi (Public Conaultatiqi.,bersamna ini S'udara.kami undang turut berliadir pada ac4ratersebut yang .akari dilaksanakan pada:

H.ari I Tanggal :..Sabtu, 23 Oktober 1993Jam ; *: .12.00 Wit'.Tempat ..*- . :. Desa Asam-Asam

Demikian un.dangan kami, atas perhatiannya diucaphan teriniakasilh. ..

sI *.

..

- -# ..

_'',- .t1 , * 5 r

* | AVIACKMBNT -4A

RENCANA PEMBANOUNANPLTU MULUT TAMBANG BATUBARA BANJARMASIN

_ ' DiDOSA ASAM-ASAM

KECAMATAN JORONG - KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT

LATAR BELAKANG 4x65 MW senr 1.400.000 ton/tahun untukkapasitas topasang 4x100 MW.

Kcbutuban tenaga listik di dacr Untuk keperluan pembangunan PLTU iniKauimantmn Selatan diperkirakan mencapai diperlukan lahan sIluas 110 Ha yang akn166 MW pada tahun 1997 dan mcningkat dipungunakm utuk punt pcmbangkit,nnenjadi 360 MW pada tahun 2005 sert termasuk areal tempat penimbunan batubarapada tahun 2014 akan menjadi 783 MW. dan penimbunan abu sisa pembakaran, seatlntuk memenuhi kebutulan temnga listrik bangnan perkantoran, serandang hubung,tersebut, PLN akan membangun Par pemumab serta penghijauan.

.Lisrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) dengan babanbakar batubara di desa Asain-asam,Kecamatan Jorong, Kabupaten Tanal Laut RENCANA PEMUKIMAN KEMBALIBahan bakar batubara yang dipakai adalatjeis lignit, yang terdapat cukup banyak di Dari lahan 110 Ha yang dibututan uncukdaerah Asam-asam, dengan juaddh cadang pembangunan PLTU, sebagian adadab dadterbuki sebesar 165 Juta ton dan cadanw aneal konsesi Pr.Hutan Kintap yang saat in!cerfidkasi sebesar 60 Juta ton. sebagiaa besar berupa padang ilalang dan

daerah rawa. Didalam daerah ini terdapat 26KK (Kepala Keluarga) dengan jumlab 113jiwa yang terpusat dLisebelah kii sungai baru

RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN PLTrU yang merupakan batas sebelah utara dardtapak proyek PLTU. Batas sungai ini

PLTU ini derencanakan terdiri dari 4 unit diambil oleh PLN selain sebagai bentangmasing-masing 65 MW dituubah 4 unit' alam yang saat ini telah ada, jugamasing-masing 100 MW, schingga kapasitas dikarenakan bangunan utama PLTU idseluruhnya dard PLTU Mulut Tambang nantinya berada pada jarak 450 meter keBatubara Banjarmasin ini akan mencapai 660 sebelah selatan dari sunga Baru tersebulMW. Pada tahap pertam, unit l2 sebesr Sebagian bear dadi penduduk yang akan2x65 MW dibarapkan beroperasi pada akhir terkena pemindahan ini menpakan pengrajin1997. Dan pada Lahua 2008 seluruh unit atap daun nipah yakni sebesar 16 Rl,sebesar 660 MW sudah dapat beroperasi. sedangkan sisanya trdiri dari 8 KX sebagaiKebutuhan batubar untuk PLTU ai adalah pedagang, serta nasing-masing sab KKsebesar 934.000 ton/tahun untuk kapasitas sebagai kmyawan dan nclayaa.

- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

Untu kxperluan pcmbanguan PLTU iai, PENYALUOAN TENAOA LISTRIKakan dimukimkazn kembali sebany4k 26 KSyang ada didalam tapak proyck. Tonagp astlk dad PLTU lIi akan disalurkanDidalam pemukiman bam tersebut selurub melaui salur; udam tegangan tinggi 150ICK yang ada nanya masib p ICV ke C3urdu Inluk Cempak di BanJarbarumcmungkdinmn meeka mencruskan usaba sepazang 75 Km dan dilnskan e Oarduseperd pads pemuldman terdahulu. Iadukc Triuad di Banjarmasen sepauiang 43Untuk itu PLN bersama-sama dcagan Km. Untukit 1dipelukan total sebanyak 368masyuAklt yang akan dnukmkan kembali mena yang Wkan menyangga kawat saturanbesrta Kepua Doesa Asam-asam, tomh tegangan toi tersebut Jalur UIDSsimelatlukan musyawarah dan tclab tersebut mellui berbagal dcrah atanmengbasitankesepakataubahwamasyakat lain tedet didaerah hutan dcmgan juniahyang akn terkena pembebasan lhan bia tuk lurt lp menan 15,3 Ha, didaerahproyeck PLTUI ala dimukimkan dlilokasi perwahan sduas 8,25 Ha, didaab padangbaru yang merupakan pilihi maulakat ilWang seluas 4,0 Ha, didaeah perkebunansendiri. Lokasi tersebut bejarak 4 Km dcri sIUas 3,58 Ha, didaerah rawa scluas 0,57tapak proyck kesebelah utara ataa tepaLtya Ha, didacrah tegalan 0,28 Ha semta daerahb=ada pada jaru 200 meter sebelaii ulan pemukiman sduas 0,14 Ha. Denganjalan antaUa Jorong - Kintab, ddakjauh dair demildan total luas tapak proyck yang akanNPukemas yan ada. dibangun adalah barang lebUi 32 Ha yalig

tersebar disepanjarg 118 Km jalur ansalSitsebut.

2

- ni4

|LI.kasi Pesukiman Bvru Iv -t', ,*, , w -"<,

.'- 9|

.' '.

- :k;-?, ..tg...i. . *~~~~~~~~- .,: -. .-

- Gambar - 3.

OAFr-AR HADIR aj., , 'ACARA TrEMU MrUKA DUNGAN mAsYAKr

_ W 4 ; . ~DALAM RANGKAi PUBLIC CONSJlsTATIONf .' 'iPI-TU lQULeUlp TAMBANG BATUBDARA INANJARMASIN

; g |No. NA P.EKERJAAN IT1AN GGANZ

-102. P{C{ O5CD to s 1"z-, La. .|03. JAV ! 4 t|L___

: 05. Pi LU A) -p.T

v., 12. m , 9 z,,

'13.W<td%/gr5aj 02tAC}2L D>

1 ., 9 /JD*¢;?..-::./_

' |15. 64 X t f zt )

w 5f|17. M4la-11K Z>6@;t !r ;il

2 1. J>y A'Ofot2 X

.. | I4. ' }P4. +,4;. i';.s f l /4wf_ ;l E J-:;24':.,e',el-[:9tS sl s

'; 5 ,. 1 A .,

DAPTAR IIADIRACARA TLMU MUKA DENGAN MASYARAKAT

- ^ . DALAM RANC.A PUBLIC CONSULTATIONPLTU MULUT.TAMBANG BATUBARA BANIARMASIN

* ~~~~~~~~~~~~* , A

No. N A M A 9 PEKERUAAN TANDA TANGAN

; 35. __ I27. __ _ _ _l

28. _ Q- &4 >/

29.

4.0. L_ S __ _ __ _ __ _ _

31.

32, d A aP--. /<tlR /fe g433. _ _ ____ _

35. ___

* 4l,36. 1 4.pi 'fO= h37-- -37.

38. N46c 2e

39. - . 5O kMC o A«

._ 42 -t642.

-43.X

. 47. Ac S1 T- so

. 49, .>~f;. -R w

; 5°; ' 1/ Rg ~~~~~,a,!,;,' MORgi 10@ s~~~~f<b

DAI7TAIR HADIRACARA ThMU MUKA DENGAN MASYARAKAT

DALAM IANOKAPUDLXC CONSULTATIO1NPLTU MULUT TAMBANG BATUBAiA BANJARMASIN

_ I .,. .

No. N A M A PEKERUAAN TANDA TAN1 AN

51. _ 4 I __

52. AL AA 1 -A

- 54. _ _ _ _ _.__ _l

_. 56. 4l l* q 7 rtjS5. (AU J;rl I VsMP L2 <

1X~~~~~~~, .1irtYAT57. A' _

60.

61.

62. . _._

63.

64. __

65.

66. .

67.68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

_ 73 . :, 7

4. ._

.. 75.. : :

_~~~~~~~ . *. .

DAPTAR HAD IIACARA TEMU MUKA DENUAN MASYARAKAT

- * DALAM RANGKA PUBLIC CONSULTATIONPLTU MULUT TAMBANG BATUBARA BANJARMASIN

No. N AMA PEKERJAAN TANDA TANGAN

76. AY 1,r t O _ _ _ IC

77#./Y~ J4tLUAj/ -7144/AV41 41 _ _ _ __

78. vf ,iralisye,, _al MS_X___ 79. _ _/ ____. ____

80. d/

._ ~~81. :A4 A0 Bat A*~W-A( X

82.

83. ___ 5 -JW AJ(_84. ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

~~~85. _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

87. . .

88. .

89. ___

90. -. .- .

* 91. .,-

92. _ ._...__.....____

93. '_;_,._!___-=l

94 .

95. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

99 _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _

ATTACHMENT - 6

AUtdadice meetiag(inside of Musolia)

xI.A

-..

I } } | I ~ ~~ ~~I I I I 1 I t I U

F -~~~~~~~J

- N~~~~~~~N0

g. ' S

.~~~~~~~~ X1

Mr. Scan r-olcy Interview to NCO Members

hir. Scan r-oley lnterview to Local People

TERMS Ol: REFERENCIE FORMON ITRJNO REJISBTLELMENT DEVI3LOPMENT PLAN

OFTHE MANJARMASIN MINa MOUTH COAL STEAM POWER PLANT

1. BACKGROUND

The construction of the Baqjarmosin miiie inouth coal steam power plant in Asam-asam villagewill provide beneflts for contribute to) die Naional electrical supply.As a result of land acquisition for thc resettlemnt, somc 36 families will be displaced fromn thasite, It is the PLN's Intention that all displace families are able to achieve a levcl of livelihoodand welfare at least equal to which they lhave before displacement.In order to fulfill Wh{s objective the Government trotLgh PLN will implement a ResettlementDevelopment Program for the Asani-nsam arem.The program alms to benefit aU persons disadvantaged by development of project, particularlywho will be displaced, but also the population surrounding who will be cffected by projectactivities.

2. PUtPOSE AND OWJECTIVE OF THE SERVICES

The service of an Independent Body are required to monitor the implementation of theBanjarmasin Mine Mouth Coal Steanm Power Plant Project resettlement program.The main objective of services is LO monitor the implementation of comprehensive rcsettlementplan for families displaced from the lyanjarmasin minc mouth coal steam power plant project site.The service to be performed of the following:

4 Monitor the implemenLation of the program.

4 Prepare report on progress with progam implenmentaion.

3. SCOPE OF SEIRVICES

The specific jobs to be performed under this project shall be included but not be limited to thefollowing

13 To prepare the establshment of administrative and management systems for monitoringimplementation of program.

- 1

fl Establish procedures for the monitoring of implementation of restidement activilies.

- Undertake a periodic review of all components of the resetlement program andrecommend to project inabngucnt any necessary action or revisions to the program.

C Prepare regular reports summazizng progress with resettlement implementation,idetifying problems and describing actions taken by the project to ensure asatisfactory rate of implementation.

4. ASSIGNMENTS

To fulfill the above menoiioed objectives the Independent Body assignment will comprise ofGovernmert official, University, NGO group, PAPS (representatives of community) and PLNmanagement.

5. PROGRESS REPORTS

The Independent Body will submit report to FLN during the period of services. All report anddrawings will be in the Indonesia and Eniglisla laguage. The metic system will be used in allreports and calculation. The following reports will be submitted:

i. Quarterly Progress Report

A quarerly progress report wUIl be submited at the end of each quarter, and willsummaize progress with resetement implementalion, identifying problems anddescribing actions taken by the project to ensure a satisfactoy rate of implementation.Ten copies of quarterly progress' reprt should be submited to PLN. PLNI willforward two copies of tde report to the Badc's Resident Mission within a period oftwo week ftom the compledon of the quarter.

2. Compktion Report

The completion repor will summarize the implemenation of all components of theresettlement plan over die two year implementation period, and will describe anyamendments to the original progam, togeher with progress on implementation, andan asessment of the impact of the jrogram on the target populadan.Ten copies and two copies should be submitted to PLN win two months before thecompletion of sevices.Tca copies of the final report accommodating al comments received should besubmitted to PLN at tie end of services.

2