Indonesian Citizenship v2

8/11/2019 Indonesian Citizenship v2

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Citizenship

What does it mean to be a

citizen?


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CitizenshipA citizen is a participatory

member of a political community.

Citizenship is gained by meeting the legalrequirements of a national, state, or local

government.

A nation/state grants certain rights andprivileges to its citizens.

In return, citizens are expected to assume

certain responsibilities that go with theserights.


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The value of citizenship varies from nation

to nation.

What are rights that we have as Indonesian

citizens that other people around the world

may not have?

What are the responsibilities that go with

those rights?


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Merely living in a country does not mean that aperson is necessarily a citizen of that country.

Citizens of one country who live in a foreigncountry are known as aliens/Immigrants.

Their rights and duties are determined bypolitical treaties and by the laws of the countryin which they stay.

They must register with the R.I government toobtain legal permission to stay for anextended period of time.

Legal aliens are entitled to protection underthe law and to use of the courts.

They may also carry on business, and attendpublic schools but cannot own properties

But aliens cannot vote or hold government

office.


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How does someone

become a citizen?

Jus sanguin is(law of the blood): Children at birthmay automatically be citizens if their parents havestate citizenship or national identities of ethnic,cultural or other origins

Jus sol i(law of the soil) : is the right of anyone bornin the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship

The Indonesian nationality law does notrecognize dual citizenship except for persons underthe age of 18. After reaching 18 years of ageindividuals are forced to choose one citizenship


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What does the R.I. Constitution say

about Citizenship?

Article 4 of Regulations NO. 12/ 2006 stipulates that an

Indonesian citizen is:

one who before the enactment of this law was already an

Indonesian citizen

a child from a legal marriage whose parents are Indonesiancitizens

a child from a legal marriage whose father is an Indonesian

citizen and mother is a foreign citizen

a child from a legal marriage whose mother is an Indonesiancitizen and father is a foreign citizen

a child from a legal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian

citizen and father is stateless or whose nationality law does

not give citizenship to offspring

a child from a legal marriage born within 300 days after the


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continued

a child from an illegal marriage whose mother is an

Indonesian citizen

a child from an illegal marriage whose mother is a foreign

citizen but the father is an Indonesian citizen and recognizes

the child as his child before the child turns 18 or is married

a child born in Indonesian territory whose parent's citizenship

status is unknown a newly born child found in Indonesian territory as long as the

father and mother are unknown

a child born in Indonesian territory if the parents are stateless

or cannot be found

a child born outside of Indonesian territory whose parents are

Indonesian citizens and, because of the law where the child

was born, the child was granted another citizenship

a child from whose father or mother was already granted

Indonesian citizenship but died before taking an oath ofalle iance


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According to Article 23 of Regulations No. 12 /2006

Indonesian citizenship may be lost when the person:

a person over the age of 18 obtains another citizenship byhis/her own will

a person does not reject or release another citizenship even

he/she has the opportunity to do so

A person renounces Indonesian citizenship to the President of

Indonesia on his/her own will with the provision that he/she is

already 18 years old or married, is staying in a foreign

country, and is not stateless if he/she loses Indonesian

citizenship

a person joins a foreign military without the President'spermission

a person voluntarily taking another country's oath of

allegiance

a person has a valid passport or other passport-like

documents from a foreign country as proof of citizenship


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How does Naturalization work?

A foreign citizen can apply to become an Indonesian citizen with the

following requirements:

being the age of 18 years or older, or being married

when applying, having resided in Indonesian for a minimum of 5

consecutive years or 10 non consecutive years physically and mentally healthy

can speak the Indonesian language and

acknowledge Pancasila and UUD Tahun 1945

never convicted of a crime for which the punishment is imprisonment

for one year or more if having Indonesian citizenship will not give the person dual

citizenship

employed or have fixed income

pay the citizenship fee

Any application for citizenship is granted by the President of


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Indonesia has granted honorary

citizenship, an extremely high honor,

Biju Patnaik as an example


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Historical Perspective

Concept of citizenship is an old one. In the ancient city-state of Athens, citizenship was granted to

males of certain classes.

Citizenship was also granted to a few foreigners and freedslaves.

Citizenship meant that a man could vote, hold office, serveon committees and juries, and give military service.

He was also expected to share the work of government.

Women, slaves, and practically all foreigners were protected

under the law but had few of the rights and privileges ofAthenian citizens.


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Citizenship was also important to

the people of ancient Rome.

Roman citizens often took part in

their government. Roman citizenship was extended to

foreign soldiers serving in the army

and to men of conquered lands.

By 212 A.D. almost all of the men in

Roman provinces, except slaves,

were citizens.


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After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 400s, the idea

of citizenship became less important for many centuries. Feudal system spread through western Europe in the

Middle Ages.

This system was based on services and loyalty to a

higher person in exchange for his protection. Millions of serfs worked the land for lords.

The lords owed their allegiance to overlords.

The overlords in turn were controlled by the king.

In this system the king and nobles, rather than anygovernment independent of these rulers, gave thepeople rights and privileges.


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By the 1600s some kings had made many small statesinto nations.

The common people no longer owed allegiance, orloyalty, to the nobles in their immediate region.

Their first allegiance now was to the king.

They began to take pride in their whole country.

They also began to feel that they should have a voice intheir countrys government.

As these changes took place, people started thinking ofthemselves as citizens of as nation as well as the loyalsubjects to their king.

Today, most people place a high value on theircitizenship. They know that when they pledge allegianceto their flag, they are willing to fulfill specific obligationsto their country and will be granted many rights and

privileges in return.


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References

Ward Whipple, Editor, Civic Leader

Groliers New Book of Knowledge

Law No.12/2006 (UU No.12 Tahun 2006)


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Documents

Indonesian Citizenship v2