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Indonesian Urban Sanitation Indonesian Urban Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructures Facilities and Infrastructures

Development : Development : Strategy and Implementation ScenarioStrategy and Implementation Scenario

BeppuBeppu City, Japan.City, Japan.

November 30November 30thth –– December 1December 1stst 20072007

EAST ASIA MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE EAST ASIA MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE 2007 ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE 2007

Consist ofConsist of

Sanitation Challenge in IndonesiaSanitation Challenge in IndonesiaSanitation National Action Plan, Draft of Sanitation National Action Plan, Draft of Strategy and Urban Sanitation Facilities Strategy and Urban Sanitation Facilities Infrastructures Implementation Scenario. Infrastructures Implementation Scenario. Community Based Urban Sanitation Community Based Urban Sanitation Development.Development.Rounding up and Rehabilitation of Urban Rounding up and Rehabilitation of Urban Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructures.Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructures.

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Population of 236.4m, 43% Urban and 57% Rural ( 2007)Population of 236.4m, 43% Urban and 57% Rural ( 2007)

Consist of more than 17,500 Islands which Total Area is more thaConsist of more than 17,500 Islands which Total Area is more than 5000 Km2 n 5000 Km2

GDP per capita US$3,843 (UNDP, 2007/8) GDP per capita US$3,843 (UNDP, 2007/8)

45.2% (105.3M) populations are poor and vulnerable poor (World 45.2% (105.3M) populations are poor and vulnerable poor (World Bank 2007) Bank 2007)

Human Development Index ranks : 107 of 177 countries (UNDP 2007/Human Development Index ranks : 107 of 177 countries (UNDP 2007/8)8)

OPEN OPEN DEFECATIODEFECATIO

NNbefore Community before Community

Based Sanitation Based Sanitation implementedimplemented

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MUNICIPAL SEWERAGE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (IPAL)

INFILTRATE TO THE GROUND

POPULATION served is about 51 % and in Urban area Is about 30 % of total urban pop.

People served 1,36 %

SEPTAGE TREATMENT PLANT (IPLT)

MAYORITY NOT WELL OPERATED

5,6 Million TON/DAY UNTREATMENT WASTEWATER, INFILTRATE TO ENVIROMENT

13.000 CHILD/DAY DIED(WHO REPORT-2002)

EXISTING CONDITIONEXISTING CONDITION(INDONESIA SANITATION PROFILE (INDONESIA SANITATION PROFILE –– 2000)2000)

Sumber : Wastewater Sanitation (NAP) 2002

EXISTING CONDITION (*)

ON-SITE (28,10%)URBAN(37,53%)

RURAL(36,50%)

ACCESS TO NATIONAL WASTEWATER INFRA-STRUCTURE (100%)

NOTE: PEOPLE RATIO BETWEEN URBAN WITH RURAL, SOURCES OF BPS 2000 IS 43% :58%(*) CONDITION IN 2000

(PEOPLE ACCES TO WASTEWATER INFRASTUCTURES AND FACILITIES)

OFF-SITE (1,36%)

ON-SITE (21,96%)

OFF-SITE (0%)

UNDETECT(25,98%)

The weak of controlled design

and worse maintenance can

cause malfunction of on-site system,

e.g. septic tank sludge is not

disludgedregularly or un-proper design of

septic tanks cause ground

pollution

UNTREATMENT (8,16%)

UNTREATMENT(14,54%)

Sumber : Wastewater Sanitation (NAP) 2002

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Impediments For Possessing Suitable Impediments For Possessing Suitable Sanitation FacilitiesSanitation Facilities

Internal factors:Internal factors:UnsufficientUnsufficient understanding regarding the importance of good understanding regarding the importance of good sanitation condition and its impact to their health and living sanitation condition and its impact to their health and living environment.environment.UnsufficientUnsufficient of Hygiene Understanding and Good Health Behavior. of Hygiene Understanding and Good Health Behavior. Limited income of communities, in Limited income of communities, in everageeverage. .

External factors:External factors:Lack of stakeholders awareness which leads to less prioritized Lack of stakeholders awareness which leads to less prioritized sanitation facilities and developmentsanitation facilities and developmentSanitation is still perceived as private concern domain only.Sanitation is still perceived as private concern domain only.Gender issues: unbalance/ domination of decision making process Gender issues: unbalance/ domination of decision making process in her familiesin her families

The ChallengeThe Challenge

Authority:Authority: Weak integration of government bodies Weak integration of government bodies responsibility for sanitation facilities and infrastructures responsibility for sanitation facilities and infrastructures development, at central and local government is going development, at central and local government is going to cause field implementation overlapping. to cause field implementation overlapping. Financial:Financial: Limited budget allocation at central and local Limited budget allocation at central and local government and low priority of sanitation public government and low priority of sanitation public infrastructures development at local government.infrastructures development at local government.Technical:Technical: Limited publication and education of Limited publication and education of technical guidance also regulations and weakness of law technical guidance also regulations and weakness of law enforcement .enforcement .Social:Social: Urban population growth is faster than Urban population growth is faster than sanitation facilities and infrastructures development.sanitation facilities and infrastructures development.

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EXISTING CONDITION OF URBAN EXISTING CONDITION OF URBAN SANITATION FACILITIES IN INDONESIASANITATION FACILITIES IN INDONESIA

61.6211.05

5.25

22.08

60.2913.59

6.17

19.96

BEGINNING OF 2005

HOUSE HOLD FACILITIES

COMMUNAL FACILITIES

PUBLIC UTILITIES

OTHERS

PUBLIC WORKS ROAD MAP 2004 :Total POPULATION : 210.89 jutaURBAN POPUATION : 84.78 juta

(Statictical Year Book of Indonesia, BPS 2004)

Open Defecation

2006

HOUSE HOLD FACILITIES

OTHERS

PUBLIC UTILITIES

COMMUNAL FACILITIES

Potdes DATA BPS 2006 :Total POPULATION : 216.62 jutaURBAN POPULATION : 88.68 juta

(Statictical Year Book of Indonesia, BPS 2005- 2006)

Open Defecation

0102030405060708090

100

Thn1992

Thn1993

Thn1994

Thn1995

Thn2000

Thn2001

Thn2002

Thn2003

Thn2004

Thn2005

Thn2006

Thn2007

Thn2008

Thn2009

Thn2010

Thn2011

Thn2012

Thn2013

Thn2015

TotalRuralUrban

74,84 %

Target of MDG’s

Target of 2005-2009 : No Open

Defecations

MDG’s

TARGET OF MDGTARGET OF MDG’’S AND 5S AND 5THTH YEARS PLAN INDONESIA YEARS PLAN INDONESIA (BPS 1992- 2006, SUSENAS)

RPJMN 2005-2009

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VISIONVISION

Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures to achieve a live-able, safely, healthy and sustainable human settlements for better quality of community health and environment conservation.

MISION

• Develop environmental sanitation (waste water, solid waste & drainage) infrastructures services for urban and rural to improve community health quality.

• Develop and promote environmental sanitation infrastructures (waste water, solid waste and drainage) to protect environment from domestic sources of pollution.

•Strengthen institutional capacities and community to address the environmental sanitation development more efficient and effective.

• Establish law and regulation including standard, manual and guidelines to support regional/local regulation for better environmental management.

• Develop financing approaches for funding environmental sanitation improvement.

• Increase community involvement in development process through community participation improvement.

• Create private and other stakeholders participation to support implementation.

GENERAL POLICY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION GENERAL POLICY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURES DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT

• Government ( central also local) position as facilitator and supported by regulations.

• Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures is based on the National Policy of community health improvement and environment protection.

• Supporting of community and private (and other stakeholders) participation for sustainability development .

• Strengthening of regulations including development of norms, standard, guidelines, manual and technical operation procedures, and supporting of its law enforcement .

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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

•Pro poor orientation in the environmental sanitation infrastructures development.

•Pro community health improvement and environment protection/ conservation.

•Community based development approaches for all of the step of environmental sanitation infrastructures development and management.

•Demand responsive approaches for city wide environmental sanitation infrastructures development.

Facts and Figures of Indonesia SanitationFacts and Figures of Indonesia Sanitation

Domestic Dark/ Waste Water Disposal

Open Ponds, 5.29%

Septic Tank, 40.67%

Simple Holes, 28.67%

Others, 7.55%Rivers/ Lake,

17.82%

Toilet Ownership in Indonesia (2007)

No toilet , 19.67%

Shared toilet , 13.90%

Public toilet , 6.05%

Private/ family toilet , 60.38%

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1.1. INCREASING THE ACCESS.INCREASING THE ACCESS. Accessibility to Accessibility to sanitation facilities (onsanitation facilities (on--site and offsite and off--site site sanitation disposal systems) in urban (both) and sanitation disposal systems) in urban (both) and rural (on site only) areas have to be increased, rural (on site only) areas have to be increased, including its management quality.including its management quality.1.a. Increasing the coverage of wastewater services 1.a. Increasing the coverage of wastewater services

managed by BUMD and/or managed by BUMD and/or DinasDinas

1.b.1.b. Increasing the coverage services managed by Increasing the coverage services managed by community community

1.c.1.c. Improving wastewater performance management of Improving wastewater performance management of BUMD and others wastewater institution/agency BUMD and others wastewater institution/agency

POLICY AND STRATEGYPOLICY AND STRATEGY

22.. FUNDING INNOVATIONFUNDING INNOVATION. Enhance the investment . Enhance the investment and financial capacity of municipal wastewater and financial capacity of municipal wastewater infrastructures development and management or infrastructures development and management or services through cost recovery approaches, with services through cost recovery approaches, with or without initial investment or subsidizeor without initial investment or subsidize..

22.a..a. Creating and promoting the alternative financial resources Creating and promoting the alternative financial resources

22.b..b. Encouraging fund allocation improvement of wastewater Encouraging fund allocation improvement of wastewater management by local government (priority improvement) management by local government (priority improvement)

22.c..c. Financial improvement through enhancing private partnership Financial improvement through enhancing private partnership

22.d..d. Enhancing community participation in financing wastewater Enhancing community participation in financing wastewater managementmanagement

POLICY AND STRATEGYPOLICY AND STRATEGY

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3.3. COMMUNITY AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION. COMMUNITY AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION. Improve the quality of services with community Improve the quality of services with community and private active participation/involvementand private active participation/involvement..

3.a.3.a. Encouraging the community awareness of clean and healthy Encouraging the community awareness of clean and healthy livingliving

3.b.3.b. Increasing the community participation for development and Increasing the community participation for development and operation/maintenance of wastewater facilities operation/maintenance of wastewater facilities

3.c.3.c. Improving private and community involvement for development Improving private and community involvement for development and wastewater management and wastewater management

POLICY AND STRATEGYPOLICY AND STRATEGY

4.4. INSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT.INSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT. Improve the Improve the performance of institutional management and performance of institutional management and support separation between regulator and support separation between regulator and operator bodies.operator bodies.

4.a.4.a. Enhancing the coordination and cooperation interEnhancing the coordination and cooperation inter--sectors and sectors and interinter--regions/cities regions/cities

4.b.4.b. Facilitating wastewater management improvement Facilitating wastewater management improvement particularly for local governmentparticularly for local government

4.c.4.c. Facilitating human resources management improvement Facilitating human resources management improvement through training and educationthrough training and education

POLICY AND STRATEGYPOLICY AND STRATEGY

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5.5. LAW AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT.LAW AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT.Strengthening and enforcement of law; Strengthening and enforcement of law; Development of rules and regulations.Development of rules and regulations.

5.a. 5.a. Improving rules and regulations including Norms, Standards, Improving rules and regulations including Norms, Standards, Guidelines and Manuals. Guidelines and Manuals.

5.b. Developing national forum to support better wastewater 5.b. Developing national forum to support better wastewater management implementation management implementation

POLICY AND STRATEGYPOLICY AND STRATEGYMUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

NeighborhoodCity Wide

Regional/National

Institutional BasedCommunity Based

Level

Approach

Wastewater infrastructure services based on demand responsive Wastewater

infrastructures development support inter cities/region coordination to protect watershed from human waste pollution

Adequate Sanitation: 1. Rural 2. Slum/shanties area Metropolitan & Large Cities

Off site/sewerage system

Medium & Small Cities Integrated system of existing on-site and new off-site sanitation Improve Septage Treatment Plant (IPLT) and sludge services

Old CityShallow/small bore sewer or small scale sewerage integrated to municipal sewage system to support revitalization program for old cities.

New TownDevelop small sewage system for Low Cost Housing area Encourage sewerage development for new town through private investment

Metropolitan & Large Cities Off site/sewerage system

Medium & Small Cities Integrated system of existing on-site and new off-site sanitation Improve Septage Treatment Plant (IPLT) and sludge services

Old CityShallow/small bore sewer or small scale sewerage integrated to municipal sewage system to support revitalization program for old cities.

New TownDevelop small sewage system for Low Cost Housing area Encourage sewerage development for new town through private investment

PROKASIH or similar program

PROKASIH or similar program

Develop appropriate system ofOn- Site sanitation and Small Scale Community Sewerage System

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COMMUNAL SHALLOW

SEWERS FOR 100 FAMILIES

COMMUNAL SEPTIC TANKS

COMMUNAL BATH-WASH-

TOILET Plus ++

DRAINAGE CHANNEL

3 models of URBAN COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION

Communal Shallow Sewers in Communal Shallow Sewers in DenpasarDenpasar, Bali, Bali

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COMMUNAL BATH-WASH-TOILETS ++ IN THE CITY OF KEDIRI

COMMUNAL SHALLOW SEWERS IN BLITAR/PASURUAN

LOCATION COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION PROGRAM “SANIMAS” FISCAL YEAR 2006

WASECO

Departemen of Public WorkDirectorate General of Human Setlement

BORDA

PROV. SUMATERA SELATANTotal Location 3Kota Palembang

1

PROV. BANGKA BELITUNGTotal Location 3

Kab. BangkaKota Pangkal Pinang

Kab. Sungai Liat

2

PROV. JAMBITotal Location 4

Kab. KerinciKab. Muara Tebo

3

PROV. BENGKULUTotal Location 2

Kab. Muko - Muko

4

PROV. LAMPUNGTotal Location 1

Kota Bandar Lampung

5

PROV. KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Total Location 4Kota Banjarmasin

6

PROV. NTBTotal Location 4Kota Mataram

7

PROV. NTTTotal Location 2

Kota KupangKab. Sika

8

PROV. SULAWESI UTARATotal Location 2

Kota Bitung

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PROV. SULAWESI TENGGARATotal Location 4

Kota KendariKota Bau - Bau

10PROV. SUMATERA UTARA

Total Location 4Sibolga, Medan

1

PROV. SUMATERA BARATTotal Location 4

Dharmasraya, Bukit TinggiPayakumbuh, Solok

2

PROV. RIAUTotal Location 4Siak, Pelalawan

3

PROV. JAWA BARATTotal Location 1

Sukabumi

4

PROV. BANTENTotal Location 1

Tangerang

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PROV. JAWA TENGAHTotal Location 6

Salatiga, MagelangSurakarta, Semarang

Pekalongan, Tegal

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PROV. DI YOGYAKARTATotal Location 1Gunung Kidul

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PROV. JAWA TIMURTotal Location 17

Sumenep, Pamekasan, Bangkalan Mojokerto, Sidoarjo, Nganjuk

Kediri, Magetan, Blitar, Blitar (Kab), Malang (Kab)

Lumajang, Pasuruan, Jombang, Bondowoso

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PROV. BALITotal Location 2

BulelengDenpasar

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PROV. KALIMANTAN TIMURTotal Location 4

BalikpapanBontang

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PROV. SELAWESI SELATANTotal Location 2

JenepontoEnrekang

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PROV. GORONTALOTotal Location 6Gorontalo (Kota)Gorontalo (Kab)Bone Bolango

BoalemoPohuwati

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1

23

45 6

7

8

9

10

1

2

3

456

78

9

10

11

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PILOT LOCATIONSPILOT LOCATIONS COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION (SANIMAS) 2006COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION (SANIMAS) 2006

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DENPASAR

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

PUMPING STATION

BENOA BAY

SERAN

GAN

ISLA

ND

LEGIAN

KUTA BEACH SANUR BEACH

LEGENDSEWER PIPE

SERVICE AREA

SANUR

Phase I : On-going Area

Phase II : Urgent Area In JICA M/P

BALI ISLAND

KUTA

Phase III : Future Expansion Area

SEMINYAK

FORCE MAINBOUNDARY OF SEWERAGE

Phase II Area in JICA M/P

DSDPDSDP ((DenpasarDenpasar Sewerage Development Project)Sewerage Development Project)

DENPASARDENPASAR--SANURSANUR--KUTAKUTA--

LEGIANLEGIAN--SEMINYAK SEMINYAK

(DSDP), (DSDP), AERATED AERATED LAGOONLAGOON

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AERATED PONDS OF THE YOGYAKARTA URBAN AREA

OXIDATION PONDS OF CIREBON CITY, WEST JAVA