Industrial Ecology of Bangalore

Industrial Ecology of Bangalorea visualisation case study

Guide:

Dr. B. Baral

A project by:

Zalak UpadhyayManoj ManduvaShilpa

Industrial Ecology

De�nitionIndustrial Ecology (IE) is an interdisciplinary �eld that focuses on the sustainable combination of environment, economy and technology.

Refers toHow humans use natural resources in the production of goods and services

Humans Natural resources

Goods & Services

Environment

Technology

Economy

ApproachUses similar principles that as natural systems, industrial systems can be improved to reduce their impact on the natural environment as well

UsesEcology is used as a metaphor due to the observation that natural systems reuse materi-als and have a largely closed loop cycling of nutrients

Industrial Ecology IID ‘09


Industries in Bangalore

Manufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation

Bangalore evolved into a manufacturing hub for heavy industries such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Hindustan Machine Tools and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) after India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947. Within the last decade, the establish-ment and success of high technology firms in Bangalore has led to the growth of Information Technology (IT) in India. IT firms in Bangalore employ about 35% of India's pool of 10 lakh (1 million) IT professionals. Bangalore accounts for the highest IT-related exports in the country.

Other heavy industries in Bangalore include Bharat Electronics Limited,Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Indian Telephone Industries (ITI), Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT) and Hindustan Motors (HM).

Bangalore is also becoming a destination for the automotive industry. Toyota has a manufacturing plant in Bangalore while Daihatsu is planning on building a factory soon. Hindustan Motors also has a manufacturing facility in Bangalore as does Volvo Trucks.

Bangalore houses many small and medium scale industries in its Peenya industrial area that claimed to be one of the biggest in Asia 30-years ago.


Industries in BangaloreManufacturing Industry Information Technology Biotechnology Floriculture Aerospace Aviation

Bangalore is called the 'Silicon Valley of India' due to the large number of information technology companies located there. Many multinational corpo-rations, especially computer hardware and software giants, have operations in Bangalore.

Bangalore's IT industry is divided into two main "clusters" — Electronics City and Whitefield. New clusters in Bellandur and Challaghatta have emerged in the last few years along the Outer and Inner Ring Roads and in C. V. Raman Nagar near Old Madras Road.

Electronics City, located in the southern outskirts of Bangalore, is an industrial park spread over 330 acres (1.3 km2). Electronics City was formed in 1978. 3M, Hewlett Packard and Siemens are some of Electronic City's clients. Infosys and Wipro, India's second and third largest software companies, are headquartered in Electronics City. The Software Technology Parks of India, Bangalore (STPI) was started at Electronics City in 1991 by the Minis-try of Information Technology. STPI Bangalore counts among the premier and oldest Internet Service Providers (ISP) in India. It was the first center to be Internet-enabled in India. Nortel Networks is a prominent client of STPI Bangalore.

Whitefield cluster is home to the International Technology Park Bangalore. It was created as a result of a joint venture between India and Singapore in January 1994. It is a large facility, comprising 6 buildings — Discoverer, Innovator, Creator, Explorer , Inventor and Navigator. The 7th building, be-longing to TCS, is in the process of being built. The Export Promotion Zone(EPIP) in Whitefield provides campus facilities for SAP, iGATE, Dell, TCS, Unisys, Delphi, Huawei, Oracle, Perot Systems. Captive centres of Tesco, Shell, Aviva, GM, Schneider Electric, GE and DaimlerChrysler are also located in Whitefield.

The Inner Ring Road cluster near the HAL Airport in Challaghatta includes Dell, Microsoft, IBM, Yahoo, NetApp, McAfee, Bearing Point, Fidelity, ANZ, LG, Covansys, Synergy, PSI Data, Target, Misys, Dendrite, Sasken, BPL Sanyo, OpenSilicon and Lenovo.



Bangalore as a base for biotechnology companies stems from Karnataka's comprehensive biotechnology policy, described by the Karnataka Vision Group on Biotechnology. In 2003-2004, Karnataka attracted the maximum venture capital funding for biotechnology in the country - $8 million. Biocon, headquartered in Bangalore, is the nation's leading biotechnology company and ranks 16th in the world in revenues.

Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), initiated by Biotechnology vision group, ICICI and Biocon (located at ITPL) is trying to shape revolutionary scientists in the field.

Like the software industry which initially drew most of its workforce from the local public sector engineering industries, the biotechnology industry had access to talent from the National Center of Biological Sciences (NCBS) and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

And Indian Biotechnology Research Organisation (IBRO) is recently under process of development to boost Biotechnology Growth in India, providing the Advanced Research and Talent pool to India from IBRO, whose mission and vission is Research and Development in Biotechnology to make India as a Global Leader in Biotechnology.

Other Major Biotechnology company based out of Bangalore is Advanta India.



Bangalore's salubrious climate is ideal for floriculture. The IT city is emerging as an international hub for cultivation and exports of cut flowers. The IT hub of India is now busy exporting cut flowers and roses to European countries as well as to Russia, Japan and Singapore. With the growth in the cut flower export business, the state government as well as the National Horticulture Board is now extending financial support to farmers who are keen to start this business.

Bangalore accounts for 70% of all rose exports from India and leads in floriculture business.

Karuturi Global Limited located in Bangalore is world's largest grower of cut roses.



In June 1972, the Government of India set up the Space Commission and Department of Space (DOS).

India's premier space research organization, the ISRO was created under the DOS and headquartered in Bangalore. The main objective of ISRO includes development of satellites and launch vehicles.

Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was developed and successfully launched by ISRO. Since then, the organization has successfully launched numerous other satellites such as Bhaskara, Rohini, APPLE, and the INSAT series, and successfully deployed PSLVs and GSLVs.

ISRO also heads India's ambitious moon program.



Long before Bangalore was called the Silicon Valley of India, the city made its name as headquarters to some of the largest public sector heavy indus-tries of India. The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) headquarters was based in Bangalore, and was dedicated to research and development ac-tivities for indigenous fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force. With over 9,500 employees, it is one of the largest public sector employers in Banga-lore.

Today, HAL manufactures, under license, various fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF) including Sukhoi 30 Flankers and Jaguars. HAL also de-velops indigenous products for the IAF such as HAL Tejas, HAL Dhruv and HAL HF-24 Marut.

The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) is also headquartered in Bangalore and is dedicated to the development of civil aviation technologies. Incorporated in 1960, NAL often works in conjunction with the HAL and has a staff strength of over 1,300 employees. NAL also investigates aircraft malfeasance.

A 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) special economic zone for the aerospace industry is being setup near the upcoming Bangalore International Airport. Bangalore is also home to large domestic airlines - Simplifly Deccan and Kingfisher Airlines.


Rampura lake

Yellamma lake

Whitefield lake

EOIZ

EPIP I & II

Kadugodi Industrial Area

Hoskote Industrial Area

Sadaramangala Industrial Area

Whitefield Industrial Area

700 IndustriesMajorly IT industries

15 km

14 km

17.5 km

18.5 km

20.5 km

20.5 km

HindustanMotors

Indian Telephone Industry

NE

E


SE

E

Madivala Lake

Hebbagodi Lake

Electronic City

330 Acres of land

Estd in 1978

Majorly IT companies

Bommasandra Industrial Area

Veerasandra Industrial Area

AttebeleIndustrial Area

20 km

24 km

24 km

30 km

BIOCON


SW

W

Kumbalgodu Industrial Area

BidadiIndustrial Area

HarohalliIndustrial Area

JiganiIndustrial Area

BHEL

HAL


NW

W

PeenyaIndustrial Area

HMTIndustrial Area

Apparel Park

Doddabalapur Industrial Area

Yelahanka Lake

Hebbal Lake

Veeragara Lake

18 km

15 km

17 km

20 km

ISRO

BEL


Study of Peenya Industrial Area

Pharmaceuticals

Raw material: Organic compounds and water.

Waste: Water by washing of equipment and floors. Synthesis of vitamin B12. Manufacturing of antibiotics .

Treatment: Toxic compounds like cyanide are removed by precipitation.

BOD levels are reduced by 95%.

Bod levels of 30 to 13000 mg/lt.500 m3 of hazardous waste every 24 hrs.

Ishaan LabsPI Drugs

Solvay Pharma

Meridich Labs

Bio Pharma

Bentley & Remington

0

14

9

PH L

evel

s

50 mg/lt

13000 mg/lt

BO

D L

evel

s

for organiccompounds

for antibiotics



Chemical

Raw material: Organic compounds and water for cooling and transporation of waste.

Waste: The temperature of waste water is high. Toxic compounds like phenols & cyanides. Treatment: Toxic compounds like cyanide are removed by precipitation.

ACEAlkali & Chemicals

Alpine knits

Bangalore Chem

Ashwin Associates

Anand Chem

0

14

9

PH L

evel

s

50 mg/lt

13000 mg/lt

BO

D L

evel

s


for antibiotics



Plastic Recycling

Raw material: 5600 ton of plastic waste is produced per day. It is sold at 12-15 INR per kg.75 tons recycled everyday.

Waste: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxides.

The plastic pots used by villagers release poisonous sub-stances on degeneration. Treatment: Toxic compounds like cyanide are removed by precipitation.

0

14

7

PH L

evel

s

50 mg/lt

13000 mg/lt

BO

D L

evel

s


for inorganiccompounds

Dion polymers

Kasturi Polymers

Nandi Polymers

Hindustan Polymers



Plastic Products

Raw material: Ethane, Vinyl chloride, Phenols, coolant water.

Waste: Acidic coolant water with plastic as suspension or emulsion.

Treatment: Sludge plant or chemical precipitation.

0

14

8

3

PH L

evel

s

200 mg/lt

10000 mg/lt

BO

D L

evel

s

V.S plastics

JJ Polymers

Ratna fibre

Fibro Reinforced



Stainless Steel

Raw material: Iron ore, Oil, Other Metals, Industrial Gas,Water: 4 m3 to 8 m3 per 1000 m3 of gas.

Waste: Water with cyanides, sulphur, Phenol,dust and ore particles.Temperature 30 - 500c.8 m3 / ton of slag produces.pH values 1.5 - 4.55% of grease in water

Treatment: Addition of sodium chloride for breaking, neautralization and precipitation.

0

14

4.5

1.5

PH L

evel

s

Hindustan steels &Engg Co.

Panchdhatu

Bhansali

Sanghvi Steels



Biotechnology

Raw material: Organic compounds, water

Waste: Water with nutrients and microscopic bacteria.Other organic compounds.

Treatment: Microscopic filamertous bacteria in activated sludge.Nutrient removal process and phosphorous removal.

0

14

7

PH L

evel

s

BioOrganics andapplied Material

Green Earth

Millipore India



Kodigehalli Lake

Polluted by Municipal Sewage and Industrial waste water.

BOD levels are 7000

0

14

7.5

PH L

evel

s

7000 mg/lt

BO

D L

evel

s


GlossarypH Level : pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion

activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement

Pure water is said to be neutral. The pH for pure water at 25 °C (77 °F) is close to 7.0. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solu-tions with a pH greater than 7 are said to be basic or alkaline. pH measurements are important in medicine, biology, chemistry, food science, environ-mental science, oceanography and many other applications.

BOD Level : Biochemical oxygen demand or BOD is a chemical procedure for determining the uptake rate of dissolved oxygen by the biological organisms in a body of water. It is not a precise quantitative test, although it is widely used as an indication of the quality of water.

BOD can be used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants. It is listed as a conventional pollutant in the U.S. Clean Water Act.

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Industrial Ecology of Bangalore