Industrial Hemp

@ K-StateTrying To Fill The Research Void

Dr. Jason J. Griffin

John C. Pair Horticultural Center

Many Thanks!

CRAIGER Enterprises

Multistate project 1019339: Industrial Hemp Production, Processing and Marketing in the U.S.

Facebook: @kstateindustrialhemp

2019 Industrial Hemp Pilot

Research Program• Generated a rush of excitement in new & experienced farmers

• Need for unbiased, research based information

2019 Industrial Hemp Pilot

Research Program• Generated a rush of excitement in new & experienced farmers

• Need for unbiased, research based information

Why Grow Industrial Hemp

K-State’s Role in Industrial Hemp

• Research, Extension, & Teaching• Production• Improvement• BMPs

• Education

• We have just completed 1st grow

K-State’s Role in Industrial Hemp

2019 Industrial Hemp Reports

Grain & Fiber vs. CBD

• Seed

• Male & female plants

• Pollen is necessary

• Rarely go ‘hot’

• Grain or Stem is harvest

• Agronomy Crop

• Clones (feminized seed)

• Female only

• Pollen is mortal enemy

• Potential to be ‘hot’

• ♀ flowers harvested

• Horticulture Crop

Grain & Fiber vs. CBD

Agronomy Crop Horticulture Crop

CBD Grain & Fiber

Feminized Seed

Botany of Cannabis sativa L.

• Wind-pollinated summer annual.– Grain & Fiber: Pollen =

– CBD Hemp: Pollen =

• Can be dioecious (normally) or monoecious (occasionally).

• Strongly photo-period sensitive– Flowers when days begin to shorten, regardless of size– Fall or Winter = Lights

Grain & Fiber

• Grain

• 30 #/A approx. ½” deep

• Harvest @ 75% mature

• Harvest w/ combine

• Dried to 8% for storage

Grain & Fiber• Fiber

• 60 #/A approx. ½” deep

• Harvest when male senesce

• Swather (or sickle) to cut & retting for 2-3 wks

• Bale @ 15% moisture

K-State’s Role in Industrial Hemp

• Grain & Fiber• Variety Trials

• 17 varieties

• Strong Genotype x Environment

Fiber & Grain at Wichita (JCPHC)

• 14 Grain varieties

• 3 Fiber varieties

• 4 x 22 ft plots

• 4 replications

Fiber & Grain at Wichita (JCPHC)

• Drilled ½” deep

• 100#/A N preplant

• Hand cultivated weed control, once

• Irrigation as needed to prevent drought stress

Fiber & Grain at Wichita (JCPHC)

• Germination in 7-10 days

• First planting flooded

• Second planting success

Fiber & Grain at Wichita (JCPHC)

• Harvest by hand

• 70% mature grain

• Dry to 5 – 8% moisture

• Clean

‘Waste’ products may have some value

After threshing and seed cleaning = 22% protein

CRS1

Fedora 17

Futura75

HlesiaHlukauskii51

KataniUSO 31

Felina 32HelenaJoeyTygraCFX1Canda

7385563738

132028125958

55644 51260

72843

52103

100159

CFX1 CRS1 Fedora 17 Felina 32 Helena Hlesia Hlukhivs’ki 51

Tygra USO 31

Grain – Plants/AcreA A

AB

BCBC BC

CC C

831

1212 1191

1576

2123

798 805974

1202

CFX1 CRS1 Fedora 17 Felina 32 Helena Hlesia Hlukhivs’ki 51

Tygra USO 31

Grain Weight #/Acre

B

A

BC

C

BC

CC

BC

C

Grain Weight (g)/plant

5.50

9.10

4.606.40

17.90

7.90

5.30

9.70

6.00

CFX1 CRS1 Fedora 17 Felina 32 Helena Hlesia Hlukauskii51

Tygra USO 31

BCD

A

CDD

BC

D

B

D

BCD

Grain Wt/Acre (lbs)Variety Kansas NY KY VT

Helena 2,100 525

Tygra 972 400 819

Felina 32 1,570 400 829

USO 31 1,195 625 756

CFX 1 830 550 1035

• Fiber– Multiple uses from Textiles to Construction

– Product is bailed and processed to separate different types of fiber

178062

85510

459845

Eletta Campana Fibranova SS Beta

Fiber – Plants/Acre

C

A

B

8916

6194

10882

Eletta Campana Fibranova SS Beta

Fiber – Stem Dry Wt. #/Acre

B

A

A

8.5

9.7

5.8

Eletta Campana Fibranova SS Beta

Fiber – Stem Caliper (mm)

A

C

B

Pests?• Spotted Cucumber Beetle

• APHIDS

• APHIDS

• APHIDS

• Lepidoptera Larvae

• Eurasian Hemp Borer

• Army worm

• Russet Mites

• Botrytis

• Powdery Mildew

• APHIDS

• Stem Girdling Roots

Eurasian Hemp Borer Aphid/LadybugProduction

Russet Mites

Botrytis (Grey Mold) Powdery Mildew

• Some alleged uses of CBD

D.W. Pate (1999); The Phytochemistry of Cannabis…

Hemp for cannabinoids…• For optimal production, would essentially be the same exact system as

producing high-quality marijuana.

– Much of our information is derived anecdotally from marijuana production systems.

– Mostly interested in female flower buds, no males or pollinated flowers.

• BPs for cannabinoid production are unknown.– Planting/culture methods?– Effects of fertilization?– Harvest methods?– “Curing” and/or storage?

CBD Hemp• Starting Material

– Rooted cuttings

– Feminized seed

• 100% Female Plants

Feminized Seed

Potting• Rooted plugs to field

• Rooted plugs to 1 gal

• Moved to 7 gal to finish

Initial maintenance• Pinch and Thin

– Pinch @ 8”

– Multiple strong branches

– Thin interior foliage

– Minimal restricted airflow

– Disease prevention

Field Planting• KNOW YOUR SOIL

• Correct deficiencies

• Subsoil if needed

• 1 lbs Nitrogen/ft2 pre-plant incorporated

• Mulch weed control

*Heavy Metals, Drainage, Weed Potential

K-State’s Role in Industrial Hemp

• CBD• Variety Trials

• High Tunnel production

• Greenhouse production

• CBD vs THC content

CBD Variety Trial

• 7 Varieties

• Organic v. Conven. Fert.

• Container v. Fabric Bag

• High Tunnel v. Outdoors

Comments on Varieties

• ACDC & Super CBD – Tall fast growing large leaves

• Cherry – more compact, beautiful colas, PM

• The Wife – compact, self-branching, good disease resistance, good cannabinoid content

• Otto II Stout – fair disease resistance, good branching, easy to manage

CBD Variety Trial• Organic v. Conven. Fert.

• Conventional fertilizer

– Greener

– Larger

– More Buds

Chlorophyll reading (SPAD values) of Cannabis sativa varieties fertilized with conventional (Osmocote 15-9-12) or organic (Turf-Mate 4-2-3) fertilizer and grown in a high tunnel (HT) or outdoors (Out).

Out HT

Variety Org Conv Org Conv

ACDC 37.0 57.9 44.1 56.9 Cherry 45.6 62.4 56.0 62.1 Otto II Stout 33.5 49.8 39.5 55.1 Super CBD 39.4 55.6 45.0 57.6 The Wife 41.0 54.9 47.6 55.8

Values are a mean of 8 plants.

CBD Variety Trial• High Tunnel vs Outdoor

• High Tunnel

– Larger

– More Buds

– Higher CBD

– Less Pollination**

CBD High Tunnel v. Outdoors

Table 3. Number of primary colas on Cannabis plants

fertilized with Osmocote (15-9-12) or Turf-Mate (4-2-3)

Out HT

Org Con Org Con

AC/DC 6.4 12.3 35.4 44.4

Cherry 0.0 0.0 19.4 23.1

OttoIIStout 8.9 16.0 30.0 51.1

Super CBD 3.9 17.5 47.9 52.9

The Wife 8.5 11.3 32.6 68.6

CBD High Tunnel v. Outdoors

Concentration (% dry weight) cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) of Cannabis sativa varieties fertilized with conventional (Osmocote 15-9-12) fertilizer and grown in a high tunnel (HT) or outdoors (Out).

Out HT

Variety

CBD (%)

THC (%)

CBD (%)

THC (%)

ACDC 2.2 0.1 6.1 0.4

Cherry 3.5 0.0 14.0 0.2

Otto II Stout 1.9 0.0 11.5 0.3

Super CBD 2.5 0.0 5.5 0.0

The Wife 4.6 0.0 15.0 0.3

• Conventional fertilizer

• No Difference in bag v. container

• High Tunnel is superior– Bud #, plant size, potency ?

– Insect & disease

Industrial Hemp

• Future Work

– Plan to continue this line of work

• Water utilization

• Production practices

• Variety evaluations

• Human Health

• Animal Nutrition

• Helping KS farmers be more successful

– Partnerships

• Industry

• K-State Vet School

• KU Dept. Geology

• KU Med School

• USDA Multi-State working group

CRAIGER Enterprises

Multistate project 1019339: Industrial Hemp Production, Processing and Marketing in the U.S.