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Industrial Revolution Quiz• 1. Where did the Industrial Revolution
begin?( what country)
• 2. What two natural resources did this country have in abundance?
• 3. Define the term enclosure movement -
• 4. Name two inventions of the Agricultural revolution -
• 5. Name the two men associated with the creation of the steam engine -
• 6. In what year did Marx and publish the Communist Manifesto?
The Industrial Revolution -Great Britain• The Agricultural Revolution
paves the way for the Industrial Revolution.
• The enclosure movement begins in England.
• New innovations in Agriculture - seed drill, crop rotation, mechanical reaper.
• By the 1850’s many farm workers moved to the city.
The Factors of Production• Great Britain had abundant
land, capital, and labor.
• Great Britain had abundant supplies of Coal, Iron and Natural waterways.
• Managing a business was looked on as a good job or profession.
• The British colonies were a huge market and the British navy could deliver the goods.
The Textile Industry• Textile industry was the first
industry to use mechanization.
• The factory system replaced the domestic system in producing textiles.
• New inventions like the flying shuttle, and the spinning mule increase production.
• Cotton becomes “King”, in the South to supply England.
Steam Engines• Water Power drove the early
machines of the Industrial Revolution.
• Thomas Newcomen produced the first steam engine for draining mines.
• In 1760, James Watt produced the modern steam engine.
• Bessemer process developed to make steel used in steam engines.
Industrialization takes off • Coke gas used in iron production used in
gas lights. Darby - coal to coke
• Samuel Slater smuggles textile secrets to the U.S.
• Andrew Carnegie brings the steel making Bessemer process to the U.S.
• Samuel Morse invents the telegraph and Morse Code.
• The Free market is allowed to determine who will be successful and who will be poor. The gap between rich and poor increases.
Railroads and Steamboats • 1814 George Stephenson
perfected a locomotive, (The Rocket)- 29 mph.
• Robert Fulton perfected the steamboat ( The Clermont).
• The Cunard line built. Steam ships of iron and steel.
• The Communications Revolution Volta - the Battery, Marconi - radio, Morse - telegraph.
GuglielmoMarconi
The Spread of Industry • The European continent was
slow to industrialize.
• Belgium, France, and Germany developed much later than Great Britain.
• By 1870 the U.S. was second only to Great Britain as manufacturing nation.
• Eli Whitney - the cotton gin and Cyrus McCormick - the mechanical reaper.
Cyrus McCormick
The Effects of Machines on Work • Machines allowed unskilled
workers to become productive.
• Women and children worked for lower wages. ( Older skilled workers became unemployed).
• Wages were paid for hours or goods produced. Wages were determined by supply and demand.
• The owner of the factory owned the means of production.
Child Labor
Factory Rules and Regulations • Working in early factories was
dangerous, hard work.
• Normal work day was 14 hours, 6 days a week.
• Early factories were noisy, unsanitary, and unsafe.
• 5 year olds were employed in the coal mines and textile mills.
• Living conditions in homes were cramped and unhealthy.Power
Looms
Development of the Middle Class • Bankers, merchants, doctors,
lawyers, became middle class.
• The middle class became wealthy during the industrial revolution.
• Women’s role in the economy changed to one of lesser status.
• Domestic service was a common job for working women.
• Middle class women became nurses, teachers, social workers.
Working Women
The New Industrial Economy • Capitalism - When the
individual controls the factors of production.
• Commercial capitalism - trading goods and services.
• Industrial capitalism - production and manufacturing of goods.
• Division of Labor - breaking work up into steps.
• Whitney- interchangeable parts. Eli Whitney
The Rise of the Corporation • Mass Production - manufacturing
a large number of identical items.
• Henry Ford’s assembly line - manufactured the Model T Ford. Cheap, reliable transportation.
• Sole proprietorship - business owned and run by one person. partnership is owned by two or more people.
• corporation - owners buy stock, Board of directors, shares.
Model T Ford
Business Cycles • J.P. Morgan - U.S. financier who
helped create Standard Oil and U.S. Steel.
• monopolies - control of the total production of a good or service by a single firm.
• cartel - a combination of corporations set up to control a good or service.
• Business cycle - alternating periods of prosperity and decline.
J.P. Morgan