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Industrial Revolution
Riddle:
•What does a Power Loom and a Ferrari have in common?
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
• What was the industrial revolution?– Machines coordinated to make
goods– Energy from non-animal
sources– Industry grew 4 times faster
• Changed all aspects of society– Most profound effect since
agriculture– Government change
• Political and military balance• Europe as dominant power
– Transformed social classes– Higher standard of living for
most
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Origins
• Agricultural revolution– Horse and steel plow– Fertilizer use– Yields improved 300% 1700-1850
• Growth of foreign trade for manufactured goods– Foreign colonies– Increase in ships and size
• Successful wars and foreign conquest
Origins – Why England?• Factors in England
– No civil strife– Government favored
trade– Laissez faire: Hands Off
Government– Large middle class– Island geography– Mobile population – Everyone lived within 20
miles of navigable river– Tradition of experimental
science– Weak guilds
Manufacturing• Textiles
– 4-5 spinners per weaver
Flying Shuttle
Manufacturing Textiles• Cotton gave stronger fibers• Invention of Spinning Jenny
– Demand for skilled weavers
• Mechanical looms (flying shuttle)• Jacquard looms
Richard Arkwright – 1771
• Invents the spinning water frame
• Constructs the first spinning factory– Realized that several machines could be
linked to create a factory – Needed water power to turn the machines
(water wheel expert)– Needed gears (watchmaker)
The creation of the first spinning factory was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
Edmund Cartwright–1787
• Power loom factory
Manufacturing Textiles• Jacquard looms
Manufacturing Negatives
• Poor working conditions
• Children supplied labor
• Luddites– Handicraftsmen replaced
by machine– Organized to stop
industrialization
Energy and Transportation
• Animal power and plant burning• Water emerged as energy source• Iron industry energy crisis
– Lack of wood– Coal discovered– Steam pumps for mines
• Steam engines• Railroads
Technology
• The Industrial Revolution was built on rapid advances in technology– Travel and Communication
Steamboat
• Created By: Robert Fulton
• Define: A boat that was powered by steam which was used for transporting goods
• Significance: First ship that could travel under its own power
Steam Engines (Trains)
• Created by: Peter Cooper
• Significance: Reduced travel time, linked major cities, sped the pace of life
The Telegraph and Morse Code• Perfected By: Samuel B. Morse
• Telegraph: A device that could send information across wires and great distances
• Morse Code: Different combinations of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet
• Significance: The first device that can send messages electronically
Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts
• Eli Whitney: Southern American Inventor
• Cotton Gin: A machine that could separate seeds from cotton
• Interchangeable Parts: Parts that can be used on multiple machines
Industrial Revolution
• 1. Name one benefit
• 2. Name one negative
• 3. What are interchangeable parts
• 4. What did the Industrial Revolution create for people for living?