Upload
amos-mcdonald
View
213
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Changes in the Work PlaceChanges in the Work Place
Original manufacturing was an Artisinal System (think of an artist or you making the car)
Big Change – Division of Labor occurs! (think of you making only one part of the car)
WOW! Division of Labor WOW! Division of Labor Changes Manufacturing!Changes Manufacturing!
Positive: increases productivity for businesses
Negative: workers no longer take pride in work and removes creativity
Growing Work ForceGrowing Work Force
ImmigrantsImmigrantsFormer Farm FamiliesFormer Farm FamiliesWomen and ChildrenWomen and ChildrenDoes notDoes not include include
African AmericansAfrican Americans
The Life of a WorkerThe Life of a Worker
Children as young as age 6 sent out to work
Aid provided by private charities because . . .
Government Welfare does not exist at this time!
The Life of a Worker, The Life of a Worker, cont.cont.
Typically work 12 hours/day, 6 days/week
Difficult to move outside of the area of industry that your ethnicity put you into.
Skilled Workers
Native Born
Semi-Skilled Workers
Irish and Germans
Unskilled Workers Italians and Poles
A Segregated System of
Labor
Those Who Helped Those Who Helped Workers: Workers: Jacob RiisJacob Riis
Illustrated the negative impact of children working in mines and factories
Published photos of working children in How the Other Half Lives and wrote Children of the Poor
Lewis HineLewis HineTraveled around the
country to photograph child workers in factories, mills, mines, and canneries.
Documented the plight of working children
Photos were used as evidence (to the public and government) of the need for child labor reform
Robber BaronsRobber Barons
Business leaders who made fortunes by stealing from public
They drained natural resources, paid low wages to workers, required long hours of employees
They persuaded public officials to interpret laws in their favor
They ruthlessly drove their competitors to ruin
• Paid their workers meager wages and forced them to toil under dangerous and unhealthful conditions
Captains of IndustryCaptains of Industry
The business leaders served their nation in a positive way.
Raised productivity and expanded markets.
Created jobs that enabled many Americans to buy new goods and
raise their standard of living.
• Also created museums, libraries,
and universities, many of which still
serve the public today.
Carnegie Hall
Robber Baron – negative
Captain of Industry – positiveBusiness leaders who served the nation (built factories, increased supplies, raised production, expanded markets, and provided jobs)
Robber Baron Robber Baron versusversus Captain of IndustryCaptain of Industry
How did the industrialists How did the industrialists (business leaders) gain an (business leaders) gain an edge and what were the edge and what were the effects on US society?effects on US society?
Underpay their workersDrive competitors out of
business Develop new ways to organize
their businesses
Vertical Vertical Integration/ConsolidationIntegration/Consolidation
Buying out or controlling businesses related to various phases of production for one product
Controlling the MarketControlling the Market
Bob’s Pizza
Using Vertical Integration, Bob could control the Pizza market in
town by controlling many
of the costs associated with
making his pizza!Bob’s Farm
Bob’s Cheese Factory
Bob’s Trucking Company
Horizontal Horizontal Integration/ConsolidationIntegration/Consolidation
When you buy out all of your competitors (firms that are part of the same business)
Controlling the MarketControlling the Market
Bob’s Pizza
Delaware
Pizza
Pizza PizzaHappy Time PizzaUsing Horizontal Integration, Bob could
control the Pizza market in town by buying the other Pizza shops!
Bob’s Pizza Bob’s Pizza Bob’s Pizza
Bob’s Pizza
Monopoly vs. CartelMonopoly vs. CartelMonopoly – one company with
complete control of a product or a service (think Microsoft)
Cartel – a loose association of businesses in a similar field that make the same product and agree to limit supply to drive up prices (think oil or illegal drugs)
Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie
Captain of Industry for steel production in Pittsburgh
Used Bessemer Process to produce stronger steel
Utilized vertical integration or consolidation for business purposes
Born in Scotland
Carnegie as a PhilanthropistCarnegie as a PhilanthropistA Philanthropist uses
wealth to improve societyCarnegie funded the
building of libraries, education facilities, and music/arts facilities
Wrote Wrote Gospel of WealthGospel of Wealth
Carnegie’s philosophy that a person should be able to make as
much money as they can, BUT they should also use their wealth to improve society
Social Darwinism Drove Social Darwinism Drove American BusinessAmerican Business
Based on Darwin’s Theory of Based on Darwin’s Theory of Evolution (1859) regarding natural Evolution (1859) regarding natural selection and selection and survival of the fittestsurvival of the fittest
Businessmen are justified in using Businessmen are justified in using any means to become rich and any means to become rich and powerful – the government should powerful – the government should stay out!stay out!
John D. Rockefeller and the John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil CompanyStandard Oil Company
Wealthy individual who saw the oil industry as a way to get richer
Made illegal deals with railroads to transport oil cheaper, thus weakening other refineries that he would eventually buy
Utilized horizontal integration or consolidation for business purposes
Also important re: Standard Oil ... Also important re: Standard Oil ... TrustsTrusts
A group of separate A group of separate companies that are placed companies that are placed under the control of a under the control of a single managing board single managing board (Board of Directors)(Board of Directors)
Trusts limit competition Trusts limit competition and cause prices to riseand cause prices to rise
Which Led to the Which Led to the Sherman Antitrust ActSherman Antitrust Act
Enacted in 1890Effort by Congress to end trusts/monopolies
Ineffective due to lack of enforcement
Business CycleBusiness CycleThe growth and
contraction of a nation’s economy
A new concept in the mid-late 1800s
EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs
Individuals who start their own businesses such as . . .
Rockefeller – OilCarnegie – SteelVandebilt – RailroadLevi Strauss – (Denim) ClothingBill Gates – Computer Software
Ida TarbellIda Tarbell
Focused on Drilling, shipping, refining, and the sale of oil
Smaller companies could not pay the higher shipping costs
Ida TarbellIda TarbellJournalist who Journalist who investigates and investigates and
exposes misconduct exposes misconduct among political and/or among political and/or
business leadersbusiness leaders
Ida TarbellIda TarbellIda’s father
was forced out of
business by Standard Oil
Perhaps this was
revenge???