INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

Presented By SUBHADIP MAITIDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

Roll No:-06/ME/46

Contents:-• What is Industrial Robot• History of Industrial Robot• Robot Classification• Robot Types & Features• Components• Robot Terminology• Programming Industrial Robots• Factors Affecting Robot Usefulness• Application• Robot Manufacturers• References

What is Industrial Robot?

Robot is a multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motion to accomplish various tasks.

An Industrial robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator, programmable in three or more axes.

Brief History of Robotics

• Robot, first used in Karel Capek’s play – Rossum’s Universal Robots, made from biological

parts– Czech word Robota, meaning work,1921

• Humanoids:-Shaping public perception– Metropolis (1926)– Electro & Sparko (NY World’s Fair 1939)– C3P0 (Start Wars, 1977)– Data (Star Trek NG, 1990’s)

Industrial Robots:- early history

• Industrial Automation– Spinning Jenny (1764)– Cartwright’s Loom (1784)– Jaquard Loom’s punched cards (1801)– Ford’s production line (1920’s)

Industrial Robots:- late history

• Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) machines• Tele-operated manipulators• Unimation Inc’s, industrial robot (1959)• General 3-axis manipulators (1974)

Robot Classification Robotic manipulator: a collection of links inter- connected by flexible joints. At the end of the

Robot there is a tool or end-effector.• Drive Technology. Which source of power drives

the joints of the robot.• Work-envelope geometries. Points in space which

can be reached by the end-effector.• Motion control method. Either point-to-point or

continuous path

Robot Types

Commonly used Robot configurations are:-I. Articulated RobotsII. SCARA RobotsIII. Cartesian Coordinate Robots

Features

• A computer is used to control the device.• A ‘program’ can be changed to meet new

situations.• As the manufacturing process changes, the

modern robotic system can simply be reprogrammed.

• It does not have to be totally rebuilt.

COMPONENTSProgram&Controller

Robot’s Body

End Tooling

Power unit

Robot Terminology• Number of Axes,• Degrees of freedom,• Working Envelope,• Kinematics,• Carrying Capacity or Payload,• Speed,• Acceleration,• Accuracy,• Repeatability,• Motion Control Power Source,• Drive,• Compliance,

Programming Industrial Robots

• Well defined environments– may not need sensors if position of objects known

• Precise movements– allows high precision work

• Safety Issues– keep away from humans

Robot Programming

• The setup or programming of motions and sequences for an industrial robot is controlled by a Laptop or Desktop Computer.

• REQUIREMENT:SoftwareReach PendentLead-by-the-Nose

Factors Affecting Robot Usefulness

o Payload Speed o Accuracyo Actuation -

Pneumatics for fast movements…

o Hydraulic for heavy loads…

o Electric drives for economy.

• Price of equipment• Time to setup• Cost to program• Maintenance

schedule• Hours of operation

15

Robot Control Example 2

Application

• Material handlingrobot\material handling.mpg

• Press Operations• Injection Molding• Machine Load and

Unloadrobot\machine controlling robot.mpg

• Simple Assemblyrobot

\assembly.mpg

• Spray Paintingrobot\painting.mpg

• Jobs people don’t like

• Die Casting• Arc Weldingrobot\6-axes welding.mpg

• Forging• Palletizingrobot\palletising.mpg

• Inspection• Complex Parts

Assemblyrobot\assembly line.mpg

• Jobs people make mistakes doing!

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Selection Criteria and Major Benefits

Application

Material handlingSpot welding

Arc weldingSpray painting

AssemblyInspectionMachining

Key Selection Criteria Major Benefits

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MATERIAL HANDLING

• Lifting/Lowering• Pushing/Pulling• Carrying• Weights and Forces• Frequency of Activities• Load Center of Gravity

Robot manufacturers• ABB Asea Brown Boveri • Adept Technology • Asyst Technologies • Brooks Automation • Cloos GmbH • Comau • DENSO Robotics • Epson Robots• FANUC Robotics• Fuji Yusoki Robotics • Hyundai Robotics• Intelligent Actuator (IAI) • Intelitek• Janome

• Kawasaki Heavy Industries• KUKA Robotics• Mitsubishi Electric • Yaskawa-Motoman • Nachi Robotic Systems Inc. • Nidec Sankyo • OTC-Daihen • Panasonic Corporation • Reis Robotics • Samsung • Stäubli Robotics • ST Robotics• Toshiba Machine • Yamaha Motor Company

References

• Internet Resources.• PIC Robotics By John Lovine.• Anatomy of A Robot By Charles M. Bergren.

THANK YOU