Industrialization (1750-1914)

The Industrial Revolution

• Cheap Labor Supply

• Abundant Natural Resources

• Visionary Entrepreneurs

• Investment Capital

• Better Transportation

• New Markets in India and America

• Government Support

Responses to Industrialization

• Britain passed strict laws to protect their monopoly on Industrialization– Forbade export of industrial machines– Barred engineers from leaving the country– Unions were illegal

• “Luddites” resisted technological change

• Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto

Political Revolutions

• The American Revolution– Encouraged other revolts and revolutions in Europe– Changes nations’ attitudes about colonies

• The French Revolution– Enlightenment principals– Political and tax structure was imbalanced– Bankrupt due to wars and the monarchy

• Netherlands, Milan, Naples, Spain, Switzerland, German States

Political Revolutions

• Napoleon– Spread the ideas of the French Revolution

(liberty, equality, fraternity)– Napoleonic Code

• Single unifying code of laws• Equality before the law• freedom of speech, worship, public trial by jury

Political Revolution 1815-1914

• Liberalism- individualism, suffrage, laissez-fair

• Socialism- communal ownership of means of production, social and economic equality

• Nationalism- loyalty to the state rather than class or group– Unification of Italy, Germany, Austria-

Hungarian Empire

Europe 1815

Discuss the influence of the revolutions beginning in 1820 and extending through 1870 in

reconstructing the map of Europe, and how the

reconstruction affected the development of European

diplomacy by 1907.

Revolutions• The revolutions created new states in Greece (1820),

Belgium (1830), Italy (1870), and Germany (1871). • The greatest impact was in eastern and central Europe,

previously a region without strong national centralization. The emergence of the new states was accompanied by economic growth.

• Germany became an economic threat to Britain. Both Germany and Italy wished to participate in the scramble for world empire.

• Such economic and colonial competition upset previous power balances and led to two competing blocks, the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia).