PowerPoint Presentation

INDUSTRIESYousaf AliAkbar KhanBCV-66

The tertiary sector of industry is also known as the service sector or the service industry.It involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in pest control or entertainment.News mediaLeisure industry/hotelsConsultingHealthcare/hospitalsWaste disposalEstate agentsBusiness services RestaurantsLocal government servicesCentral government servicesEducationLaw and order Goods may be transformed in the process of providing a service, as happens in the restaurant industry or in equipment repair. However, the focus is on people interacting with people and serving the customer rather than transforming physical goods3

Industry has 4 sectors...PrimarySecondaryTertiaryQuaternary7

Industrial research looks for new ways to cut costs, find new markets, produce new ideas, new production methods and methods of manufacture. The quaternary sector is the research industry.

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The secondary sector (manufacturing) produces finished, usable products. This sector of industry generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to domestic consumers. * Aerospace manufacturing * Automobile manufacturing * Brewing industry * Chemical industry * Clothing industry * Electronics * Engineering * Energy industries * Metalworking * Steel production * Software engineering * Telecommunications Industry * Tobacco industry

This sector is often divided into light industry and heavy industry.8The 4 Sectors of Industry are interrelated. An individual industry will often use more than one sector in order to produce products.

On the next slide we will see an example of how the four sectors relate together in the production of cotton clothes, part of the fashion industry. 9

PRIMARYSECONDARYTERTIARYCotton is grown and picked on a cotton farmCotton is processed to cloth, which is, in turn, sewn in to clothing. Cotton clothes (eg jeans, shirts etc) are sold in high street shops. COTTON IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY...10

The entire fashion industry involves a great number of different products and services, all of which can be classified according to industrial sector...Models and fashion shows: tertiary.Leather manufacture in a tannery: secondaryA shoe factory in hanoi: secondarySheep farming and sheering for wool production: primaryCosmetics research: quaternaryLocation Of IndustryAnindustryconsists of firms that each have common characteristics in terms of the nature of their economic activity. The chemical industry, for example, is made up of hundreds of firms that have the common characteristic of being involved in either dealing with or manufacturing chemicals. These chemicals might be used for a wide variety of different processes, including agriculture, construction, medicines and a wide range of others - textiles, plastics, paper, cleaning and so on.Individual firms might choose to set up their business in a variety of locations. In some cases, businesses with common characteristics are very widely spread. Take the example of solicitors or plumbers: there is a very large number of firms operating in this industry but their location tends to be spread fairly evenly across the country.Other industries tend to have firms that might be clustered in a particular area. The chemical industry is one example: there are major groups of chemical firms located in and around the North East of England, especially on Teesside near Middlesbrough.

The crucial factor in many cases will be locating where costs of production can be minimised. Planning laws and regulations might mean that it is not always possible to set up in the preferred location. The economist (and later sociologist) Alfred Weber (1868-1958) pioneered the work on location of industry way back in 1910. His theory was based on the principle that a business would seek to locate where costs could be minimised.If there were two locations,aandb, wherearepresented a location where the cost of setting up was lower thanb, then the firm would always go to a.

Factors affecting locationThere are a number of factors that will influence where a business will choose to locate. The following could all be considered as important but for some businesses, some of the factors will be more important than others:-a.) Nearness to Powerb.) Nearness to Marketc.) Nearness to a Supply of Raw Materialsd.) Nearness to a Supply of Laboure.) Proximity of Other Businesses - External Economies of Scalef.) The Reputation of an Areag.) Transport and Communication ServicesSetting Of an industryThe setting of an industry should be carefully decided by taking into acount the various requirements of that industry.The setting of industries in residential localaties is not desirable.ut not in all cases some might be allowed in the residential areas.While setting an industry provisions should be made for future growth and expansion.Industrial townshipsIn order to decrease the load on resiential areas an to provide better facilities to industries various industrial towns have been setup by government.The important aspect of such townships are:-a.) Layoutb.)Managementc.)services d.)Sitee.)Size Some possible measures of government intervention include: 1. Provision of infrastructure in areas established for industrial development 2.Provision of land (often cheaper and more extensive land) for industrial use. e.g. Tai Po and Fo Tan Industrial Estates in the N.T, Hong Kong

3. Establishment of manufacturing industries in depressed regions and new industrial areas (a) In countries of planned economies, e.g. China, the Chinese government has established a large petroleum refinery and petrochemical works at Urumqi in Xinjiang in order to achieve regional economic balance and industrial dispersion. (b) In countries of mixed economies, e.g. Britain and France, the governments can establish nationalized plants in depressed regions and rural areas.

e.g. The British government has established new factories such as Ford at Hale wood (near Liverpool), British Leyland at Bathgate (near Edinburgh), etc.

4. Introduction of favorable terms of trade to industries in order to attract foreign investment and the establishment of technology-intensive industries e.g. By granting tax concessions (low rates on profit taxes)

5. Protection of the country's own-industries and/or new industries e.g. By imposing tariffs on imported finished products or raw materials; and imposing quotas on imports

9 Town planning measures and strong central planning These may : limit the establishment of repulsive industries (e.g. leather tanning)and environmentally dangerous industries (e.g. chemical works) to some specified regions encourage the development of cleaner industries and force the manufacturers to adopt sewage treatment of their waste products before discharge/disposal

Rourkela is an industrial township in Orissa. It is also the commercial capital of Odisha/Orissa. It has a huge iron; steel manufacturing base. Besides, there are many units producing sponge iron, cement, Refractories etc. Rourkela Steel Plant, a unit of SAIL is a one of the largest steel manufacturing facilities in India. There are many small scale industry in Rourkela catering to the need of RSP and other large industrial units.The town has population of all communities and can be called a cosmopolitan town. it has large population of people from all religion including Hindu, Muslim, Sikhs, Christians.

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