INDUSTRY BY PRODUCTS

INDUSTRY BY PRODUCTS

Prof.Dr. Sakine YALÇIN

Sugar beet pulp

• If in a diet, the sugar beet pulp quantity is

- attention should be paid to protein and phosphoruslevels in the ration

- phosphorus rich protein supplements i.e.cotton seed meal, linseed meal or bran)

• It should not be given to animals in large amounts as itcontains high water content causing diarrhea andimpaired metabolism.

• It should be fed to animals after proper adaptationperiod i.e. gradually increase the quantity in the feed.

• To dairy cows, it should be given after milking.

• It should not be given to animals approaching the birthbecause it can cause abortion

• In animals fed with only pulp,protein, vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus & other minerals,and ballast nutrients deficiency develops which mayresult in weakness, night blindness, bones and jointsdisorders, diarrhea and light-colored meat production

Wet Sugar beet pulp

• To beef animals: 10-20 kg per animal per day

• To dairy cows: 20-30 kg per animal per day

• To fattening sheep: up to 2 kg per animal/day

• 10 kg/day for horses used for light work

• As wet sugar beet pulp is not suitable for fine

wool sheep and working animals, they should

not be fed to these animals. If must then should

be used in minute quantities

Dried Sugar beet pulp

• For proper storage, water content of dried sugarbeet pulp should not exceed 13%

• Drying of pulp will ease many problems likedifficulties during transportation, preservation,marketing and feeding

• Dried sugar beet pulp hasCP 9%, DCP 6%ME for ruminants 2600 kcal/kg (near to the energy of the barley)


• Crude fiber

• Organic matter digestibility

• Most of nitrogen free extract is as pectin

• pectin amount in pulp

causes constipation but it has positive effect on milk fat content.

• Calcium 0.67%, Phosphorus 0.25%

• Mineral & vitamin

• Dried pulp readily absorbs water thus whilechewing

- absorbs most of the mouth saliva andmakes swallowing difficult

• It can cause blockage in the esophagus; alsoafter getting swelled in rumen, it causespressure on the heart which may results indeath.

• To prevent such danger, day before feeding,dried pulp should be moistened with 5-6 folds ofwater quantity.



• When soaking is not possible

lesser amounts should be fed to animals.

• Mixing with roughage like straw allows more

chewing which will result in moistening/ swelling

of pulp before swallowing.

• If daily consumption is less than 2 kg then there

is no need of moistening.

• Maximum dried sugar beet pulp per day

- Horses 2kg

- Dairy cows 5kg

- Beef cattle 1-3kg

- Sheep 0.5kg

- Up to 30% in the concentrated feeds

- It should be noted that the nutrients thatare missing in the pulp should be coveredwith other feed materials.


It is important to supplement protein

rich feeds with carbohydrate rich feeds.


MOLASSES

• During sugar production, the materialproduced after the evaporation of sugarywater and crystallization of sugar is calledmolasses. It is similar to pekmez in colorand consistency.

• Every 100 kg of beet produces 3 kgmolasses.

• Uncrystallized sugars, water-soluble minerals,

and other water-soluble substances are

accumulate in molasses.

• DM: 70-75%

• Sugar: 50-55%

• CP: 7-8% (most of it is NPN)

• ME for ruminants 2300 kcal/kg (Fermentable

ME, FME ↑)

MOLASSES

MOLASSES

• A large part of ash is K (3.6%)

• P

• Various trace elements, especially Co

• Of vitamins, niacin and pantothenic acid

• Suitable feed material for all animals.

• Single stomach animals like pigs and horsesalso utilize molasses efficiently.

• In ruminants because of the microbialbreakdown of sugar in the rumen,significant loss of energy occurs.Because of good taste molasses provide betterconsumption of tasteless feed such as straw.

• Since molasses are rich in easily solublecarbohydrates, they are useful in better utilizingprotein-rich rations.

MOLASSES

Laxative effect because of high levels of alkali(especially potassium salts) and due to the presence ofsugary substances. Thus, it can be used together withthe feeds causing constipation.

Used as pellet binder during pellet making.

Prevents dusting in feed.

Molasses should be given to the animals in limitedquantity. It should be given to animals after properadaptation.

• Thick consistency of molasses causesdifficulties during transport and feeding.

• Before use

- it is usually diluted with two folds ofwater

- mixed with straw or chopped hay orother roughage.

As a result, molasses usage increases theconsumption of above mentioned feeds aswell as it improves their utilization by theanimals.

MOLASSES

• Green roughages, especially legume varieties

which are difficult to ensilage, molasses are of

great importance as a good source of

carbohydrates for acid producing bacteria.

• Depending on the variety of green grass

molasses can be used

- 1-4 kg for every 100 kg green feed

- 8-12 kg per m3 green grass

MOLASSES

• In the making of compound concentrate feed,

molasses can be used to

- prevent dust formation

- increase the energy content of feed

- Increase durability of pellets when used during

pellet making. For this purpose molasses can be

used

8-10% in ruminant compound feed

2-5% in poultry feed

FERMENTATION INDUSTRY

BY-PRODUCTS

Starch or sugar-containing products (Cerealgrains, potatoes and fruits).

Microbial fermentation of starch or sugars alcohol

By-products remained after alcohol and alcoholicbeverages production fermentation by-products.

Brewing industry by-products

Brewing Wheat, barley; also corn, rice,sorghum

First step in beer production from barley issprouting while from wheat is germination.

Barley

Cleaning

Sprouting (2-3 day, 17-18oC water) diastase

Drying

Malt Malt sprouts

Grinding

Malt

Grinding

Heating with water Corn, rice like cereals (60-75oC)

Hop

Boiling (100oC 90 min)

Liquid insoluble Malt Hop residue (Malt Pulp)

Cooling

Brewing yeast

Fermentation (Saccharomyces )

Beer Brewing yeast

Malt Pulp

Water insoluble Malt is called malt pulp.

Most of the malt pulp is composed of hull orhusk from barley grains.

In pulp,

Non sugar starch (20% of barley starch),

Insoluble N compounds (75% of barley protein),

80% of barley fat

And most of the barley crude ash

Fresh malt pulp DM 20-25%

Malt pulp can be present in fresh, dried or

silage forms

High digestibility

CF 5-20%

Source of energy and protein

• CP = 26% (90% DM)

• Protein degradability in rumen 60% (barley

80%)

• Poultry ME: 2300 kcal/kg

• Ruminant ME : 2300 kcal/kg (90% DM)

• Feeding value varies depending on dry mattercontent of pulp as well as processing technique.

• Feeding value of properly dried malt pulp issimilar to the wheat bran.

• Excessive heating darkens the pulp color as wellas decreases the protein digestibility.

• Dried malt pulp

Cattle, sheep and horse 10-20%

Poultry concentrate feeds 5%

Maximum feeding quantity of malt pulp

(kg/day)

Dairy cattle Beef Sheep Horse

• Fresh malt pulp

15 10 2 15

• Dried malt pulp

3 2 0.4 3

Brewing Yeast• Fresh and Dried Forms

• Fresh brewing yeast DM 16%. Fresh yeastshould be used immediately.

• Dried brewing yeast,

Light yellow and brown color

Pleasant and spicy flavor

Protein & vitamins (CP 44%)

Methionine ve cystine ,

It is not suitable to use it as a single proteinsource.

Lysine

CP digestibility

Except vitamin C and vitamin B12 all water

soluble vitamins

Higher B1 vitamin as compared to other yeasts

It lacks fat soluble vitamins. Only provitamin D2

ergosterol

Phosphorus and iron

• CF 1%

• Ash 6%

• ME (Poultry): 2400 kcal/kg

• ME (ruminant): 2800 kcal/kg

• In cattle nutrition it can be used as proteinsource.

Cattle 500g/day dried brewing yeast or 15-20kgfresh brewing yeast

In calves nutrition it is good source of vitaminsand protein

In heifer compound feeds 3-5% dried brewingyeast

• Sheep 100 g/day

• Horses 300g/day

• Poultry rations 2-5%

DISTILLATION INDUSTRY BY-

PRODUCTS

Fermentable sugars or compounds that can turninto sugars are present in the structure of somefeeds, which can be used for alcohol production.

These material include sugar beet, molasses andfruits (fig, grape, apple), potatoes and cerealgrains (rich in starch) and wood processing wastesrich in cellulose.

DISTILLATION INDUSTRY BY-

PRODUCTS• For this purpose most commonly used cereal

grains include barley, wheat, corn. These arerich in starch content.

• Main products obtained are:

1. Distillers grain (DG)

2. Distillers solubles (DS)

3. Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)

They vary depending on the raw material used.

Maize DDGS

• Maize DDGS

• Nutrient composition is 2.5-3 times greater than grain

• CP 30% (RUP: 55% of CP)

• EE 9%

• CF 9%

• Ash 4% available P is high

• ME(poultry) 2800 kcal/kg

• ME (ruminant) : 3050 kcal/kg

• Starch 2%

Maize DDGS

• DDGS

• Ruminant compound feeds 20-25%

• Poultry 10%

• Contains high concentration of Na leading

to wet litter problem

BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY BY-

PRODUCTS

Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Carbon source: Molasses

Nitrogen source: ammonia, ammonia salts

Phosphorus source

BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY

BY-PRODUCTS• Yeast (fresh, dried)

• Inactive yeast

• Active yeast

• Yeast culture

• Yeast cell wall

BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY

BY-PRODUCTS• Baker’s yeast: DM: 90%, CP: 46%

• The remaining condensed liquid after removing

the yeast is called vinasse.

• Molasses sugar content 50-55%

• Vinasse sugar content 3-5% (DM)

• Commonly used in ruminant nutrition by

lowering potassium to less than 3%

Vinasse

• Up to 5% in ruminant compound feedsWhen K is lowered below 3%DM 70%CP 45%Ash: 9%

Addition of vinasse to low-medium quality roughages increases the RDP.

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INDUSTRY BY PRODUCTS