INF550/NZDB550 Slide 2 Objectives To understand the processing
and storage components in computers with relation to business use
of computers Slide 3 Revision What are the components which make up
a Computerised Information System? Slide 4 Components And of
course, the Users Slide 5 Question Why do business students need to
know about computer hardware? Surely the IT people will worry about
this? Slide 6 Why knowledge of Hardware is Important You will be
using it in your careers You should have input into what type of
hardware you need to perform your job efficiently and effectively
as you are the user Slide 7 Question What is hardware? Slide 8
Hardware Devices which accept, process, and display data and
information Central Processing Unit (CPU) Primary Storage Secondary
Storage Input Technologies next week Output Technologies next week
Communication Technologies later in the course Slide 9 Strategic
Hardware Issues Hardware keeps improving As soon as hardware is
purchased, it is obsolete!! It is becoming smaller, cheaper, faster
and more powerful all the time For tax purposes most is depreciated
over 4 years A balance is needed between waiting for new technology
and buying now Is the price of waiting for new improved technology
tomorrow outweighed by using less efficient technology today Slide
10 Slide 11 Computer Hierarchy Supercomputers Fastest computers
available at a given time used by large organisations to manipulate
very large sets of data Mainframe Computers Used where thousands of
users are accessing the computer simultaneously Eg airline
reservation system, large ecommerce websites like Amazon Midrange
C0mputers Also known as minicomputers Type of server that supports
computer networks and enable users to share files etc Slide 12
Server Computers which provide a variety of services to the client
Run the network Process web sites and email Client the user of the
system Computers which users preform tasks on eg Word Processing,
Spreadsheets etc Slide 13 Microcomputers the PC Smallest and least
expensive Desktop PCs Thin-Client Systems Laptop and Notebook
Computers Netbooks Tablet Computers This is the type of computer
assignment 1 is based around Slide 14 Desktop PCs Everyday computer
used in homes and businesses Includes CPU Separate but connected
monitor Separate but connected keyboard Have gigabytes of primary
storage Rewriteable CD-ROM and DVD drives Few terabytes of
secondary storage Slide 15 Thin-Client Systems Desktop computers
which dont offer the full functionality of a Desktop PC Tend to
access software from the server over the network rather than have
it installed on the local system Fast to deploy and lower cost of
ownership If the network fails, user can not do anything Slide 16
Laptop and Notebook Computers Small lightweight portable
microcomputers Provide same type of processing power as desktops
Tend to be more expensive than the desktop computer Slide 17
Netbook Very small, lightweight and portable computer Generally
optimised for internet bases services like web browsing and email.
Slide 18 Tablet Computers Complete computer contained in a flat
touch screen Can be operated by touch rather than using a separate
keyboard and mouse. Slide 19 The CPU Slide 20 Central Processing
Unit - CPU The brains of the computer Manipulates the data Controls
the tasks performed by the other components Microprocessor made up
of millions of microscopic transistors embedded in a circuit on a
silicon wafer (or chip) Moores Law 1965 prediction made that
microprocessor complexity would double about every 2 years Slide 21
Parts of a Microprocessor Input Data Program Instructions Directs
flow of data Performs arithmetic and logical operations Using
binary data Transformed data Slide 22 How the CPU Works Slide 23 Is
the CPU Clock Speed Important? Processor Family CPU Clock speed how
many clock cycles per second can be performed Not really as
different processor families perform at different rates so should
only compare clock speed for CPUs in the same family Chip Name
Slide 24 There are 10 types of people, those who understand binary
and those who dont! Convert text to binary ASCII table What is
Unicode? ASCII ALT Codes - Hold ALT down and type 0189 = ASCII ALT
Codes Slide 25 Types of Chips 32 bit v 64 bit Processors Amount of
RAM computer can use 32 bit limited to 4GB, 64 bit effectively
limitless 64 bit allows larger calculations to be made faster
Faster input and output speeds Multi-Core Chips A chip with 2 or
more CPUs working together Advanced Processor Units (APUs)
Combining multiple CPU and GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) cores in
1 chip for better multimedia functionality Slide 26 Todays
Processors Slide 27 Storage Slide 28 Computer Memory Basics Slide
29 Primary Storage Temporarily stores data and program instructions
during processing Data to be processed by the CPU Instructions for
the CPU on how to process the data Operating system programs to
manage the computer operations Contained in chips on the
motherboard Types Register Cache RAM ROM Slide 30 Registers and
Cache Register Part of the CPU Holds minimal amounts of
instructions and data immediately before and after processing Cache
High speed memory storing temporary blocks of frequently used data
Slide 31 RAM Random Access Memory Holds software program being used
small amounts of data for processing Temporary and volatile Content
lost when power is lost Slide 32 ROM Read Only Memory Contains
critical instructions BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Initial
start up (boot) instructions Set date and time etc Non-volatile Can
not be changed Slide 33 Secondary Storage Stores data and programs
for future use Non-volatile Takes longer to retrieve data from it
than from RAM Slide 34 Types Magnetic Tape Hard Drive Solid State
Drives CD-ROM DVD Blu-Ray Flash Memory Cards Flash Drives Slide 35
Bits, Bytes, Kilobytes bit = 0 or 1 (bit binary unit) byte = 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes (2^10) Average page of text contains
2000 bytes Megabyte (MB) = approx. 1 million bytes Gigabyte (GB) =
approx. 1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB) = approx. 1 trillion bytes
Petabyte = approx. 1000 terabytes Exabyte = approx. 1000 petabytes
Zettabyte = approx. 1000 exabytes Slide 36 Finding Out About Your
Computer Slide 37 References Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G.
(2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and
transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from
http://llcp.nmit.ac.nz:2307/book/- /9781118063347 Section 1.2,
Figure 1.3 Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012).
Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming
business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from
http://llcp.nmit.ac.nz:2307/book/- /9781118063347 Section TG1
retrieved 6 February 2014 Slide 38 References Continued
http://www.howtogeek.com/177790/why-you-cant-use-cpu-clock-speed-
to-compare-computer-performance/ retrieved 7 February 2014
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor1.htm/printable
retrieved 7 February 2014
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htm/printable
retrieved 7 February 2014
