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Infantry Warfighting Conference
General J.D. ThurmanCommanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command
14 September 2010
as of 131730Sep10
• Strategic Context
• What Land Forces Must Do and State of Play
• ARFORGEN Model and the Demand Forecast
• CEF Unit Training Strategy
• Training for Full Spectrum Operations
• FORSCOM Commander’s Training Guidance
• Final Thoughts
Agenda
Hybrid ThreatsDynamic combinations
of conventional, irregular, terrorist, and
criminal capabilities
The nature of conflict is timeless…
Diverse Actors State & Non-state
…the character reflects the the unique conditions of the era.
Media’s 24 Hour News Cycle Unpredictable
Location, Adversaries, Context, Duration
Among the People
The Evolving Character of Conflict
Engage to help others build the capacity to deny their countries to terrorist organizations
What Balanced Land Forces Must Do
Prevail in protracted counterinsurgency campaigns
What Land Forces Must Do
Deter or defeat hybrid threats and hostile state actors
Support civil authorities at home and abroad
Unclassified
Expeditionary• Organized, trained and equipped for worldwide employment• Expeditionary mindset
Interoperability• Unity of effort with partners• Building partner capacities• Interoperable mindset
Agility• Rapidly shift between tasks• Adapt to exploit opportunities• Agile units, minds, and institutions
Sustainability• Soldiers, DA Civilians and Families• RC as Operational Force• Rotational predictability
Lethality• Army’s core competency• Lethal precision• Precise non-lethal “fires”
An agile, disciplined Warrior Team,
dominant across the spectrum of 21st Century conflict
Qualities of Land Forces
Versatility• Central Organizing Principle• Multi-purpose forces• Balanced mix of capabilities
State of Play
50K Force
Level in Iraq
Sep 2010
Sep10
Demand
Available
While we expect an increase in the global force requirements in FY12, we estimate that the gross number of soldiers required to meet demand will actually decrease by 2%
FY11 FY12
# of Reqts 1,141 1,476
# of Soldiers 140,911 138,408
Be Ready for the Unexpected
Capability Unit Type Number of Units BOG:Dwell Avg
Headquarters Corps Headquarters 3 1 : 1.4 (AC)
Division Headquarters 10/8 1 : 1.3 (AC)
Maneuver
Heavy Brigade Combat Teams 18/7 1 : 1.4 (AC)
Infantry Brigade Combat Teams 20/201 : 1.3 (AC)1 : 2.8 (RC)
Stryker Brigade Combat Teams 7/11 : 1.6 (AC)1 : 4.0 (RC)
Combat Aviation Brigades 12/8 1 : 1.2 (AC)
High DemandCapabilities
AC Engineer Support Co 9 1 : 1.0 (AC)
AC Heavy Equipment Transport Co 4 1 : 1.0 (AC)
AC Mobility Augmentation Co 7 1 : 1.2 (AC)
AC Public Affairs Detachments 12 1 : 1.4 (AC)
ARNG Area Support Medical Co 37 1 : 2.3 (RC)
USAR HHC, Civil Affairs Command 9 1 : 1.1 (RC)
Headquarters and Select Units’ BOG:Dwell (FY10)
“The structured progression of increased unit readiness over time, resulting in recurring periods of availability of trained, ready, and cohesive units prepared for operational deployment in support of civil authorities and combatant commander requirements.” -- Draft AR 525-XX, ARFORGEN Fundamentals
ARFORGEN
“…the Army mission is to provide to combatant commanders the forces and capabilities necessary to execute the National Security, National Defense, and National Military Strategies.” -- FM 1 The Army, June 2005
AC 376.0K45% ARNG 309.4K37% USAR 150.0K
Joint Support (7%)
Special Operations (5%)
4 Corps HQs / 18 Div HQs (2%)
73 BCTs (31%)
20 Aviation BDEs (6%)
78 Multi-Functional SPT BDEs (9%)
130 Functional SPT BDEs (40%)
55.2K
15.7K
262.4K
51.6K
71.1K
335.8K
43.6K
74% 11% 15%
63% 37%
62% 38%
56% 42%
29% 64% 7%
27% 38% 36%
63% 10% 27%
ACTIVE ARNG
835.4K
FY12 – Total Operating Force
18%
USAR
• The Force Packaging construct provides increased predictability for all units
• Proportional Contribution from the Guard and Reserve enables the Active Component (AC) to achieve sustainable Boots On the Ground:Dwell ratios
• FY10 Combat Support (CS) / Combat Service Support (CSS) capabilities in the RC: 70% of all Army CS / CSS 75% of Engineer units 75% of Transportation units
• Without access to RC, the Army’s Force Package would have to be much smaller
1 Corps HQ
5 Div HQs
20 BCTs90 KEnablers
1 Corps HQ
4 Div HQs
15 BCTs72 KEnablers
1
4
15
41K
1
5
49K
1
3
11
31K
1
4
41K
AC 1:2 RC 1:4
FY12 - 141:2 AC / 1:4 RC
By FY151:3 AC / 1:5 RC
Proportional Contribution – Force Package Construct
73% of all Army CS / CSS 77% of Engineer units 82% of Transportation units
FY17 going to:
AC 1:3 RC 1:5
ARFORGEN - The Rotational Model
Mission Force: The composition of forces in the Available Force Pool consisting of all Deployed Expeditionary Forces (DEFs) and CEFs.
1/6 ofOperating Force
1/2 of Operating Force includinga Surge Force of:
1 Corps Headquarters 3 Division Headquarters 10 BCTs 41 K of Enablers
1/3 of Operating Force: 1 Corps Headquarters 5 Division Headquarters 20 BCTs 90 K of Enablers
ACRC
6 months12 months
18 months36 months
12 months12 months
(1:2 AC)(1:4 RC)
RESET TRAIN / READY AVAILABLEAim
PointAim
Point
Surge ForceP2S2R2T4C4
P1S1R1T3C3
Surge Force: Selected Contingency Expeditionary Force (CEF) units in the Train/Ready Force Pool designated for emergent requirements or contingency operations.
Mission Force
A versatile mix of tailorable and networked formations operating on a rotational model
CEF Missions - Global Response Force - Warplan Alignment - Theater Security Cooperation Events - JCS and Army Exercises - Homeland Defense/Civil Support - Institutional Support Missions - DEF
Demand Forecast
Contingency Expeditionary Force (CEF): Army General Purpose Force units designated during the ARFORGEN Synchronization Process and given an Available Force Pool Date (AFPD) in order to execute a contingency mission, operational plan, or other Army requirement.
Contingency Expeditionary Force
Deployed Expeditionary Force
Supply-BasedARFORGEN
Un
it
Req
uir
emen
ts
Time
Deployed Expeditionary Force (DEF): Army General Purpose Force units assigned or allocated during the Global Force Management and ARFORGEN Synchronization Processes and having the responsibility to execute assigned missions, designated by having a Latest Arrival Date (LAD).
CEF Units1 Corps4 Divs11 BCTs8 MFBs35 FBs
C5 C4Months
FY 13FY 12FY 11
Aim Point 1
P2S2R2T4C4
0 6 12 15 24 36
Train/ReadyReset Available – “Mission Force”
NLT Return+90:
- CEF Alignment
- Receive Available Force Pool Date (AFPD)
- CEF Menu of Options
Institutional Training
Activities by Force Pool
CEF Unit StrategyAC Brigade Combat Team
Legend I / C / S: Individual / Crew / SquadR: Day of Return from Available Pool
I / C / S& Staff Sect
TNG
C5 C4Months
FY 13FY 12FY 11
Aim Point 1
BDE Training Event
FSO/Assigned Mission Collective Training
Aim Point 2
P1S1R1T3C3
Builds To BDE/BN Staff & Company
Collective ProficiencySustains BDE/BN Staff &
Company Collective Proficiency
“Surge Force”
P2S2R2T4C4
P1S1R1T1C1
C2 0 6 12 15 24 36
I / C / S& Staff Sect
TNG
BN Mnvr &BN/BDE Staff
Prof
Train/ReadyReset Available – “Mission Force”
AFPD
NLT Return+90:
- CEF Alignment
- Receive Available Force Pool Date (AFPD)
- CEF Menu of Options
CTC
P1 + 90R + 15 MOS
CO Mnvr &BN/BDE Staff
Prof
Institutional Training
Activities by Force Pool
CEF Unit StrategyAC Brigade Combat Team
FSO Collective Training
Legend I / C / S: Individual / Crew / SquadR: Day of Return from Available PoolCTC: Combat Training Center
C1
C5 C4Months
FY 13FY 12FY 11
Aim Point 1
BDE Training EventBN/BDE FTX
L/V/C
BDE DEPEXL/V/C
FSO/Assigned Mission Collective Training
Aim Point 2
P1S1R1T3C3
Builds To BDE/BN Staff & Company
Collective ProficiencySustains BDE/BN Staff &
Company Collective Proficiency
C1
CEF to
DEF
“Surge Force”
P2S2R2T4C4
OPLAN 50XXXXX FY 13
CEF
P1S1R1T1C1
DEPLOYED
Sustains and Improves Collective Training Proficiency
GunneryL/V/C
BN/BDE CPXL/V/C
C2 0 6 12 15 24 36
ALERTI / C / S
& Staff SectTNG
BN Mnvr &BN/BDE Staff
Prof
Train/ReadyReset Available – “Mission Force”
AFPD
NLT Return+90:
- CEF Alignment
- Receive Available Force Pool Date (AFPD)
- CEF Menu of Options
CTC
P1 + 90R + 15 MOS
CO Mnvr &BN/BDE Staff
Prof
Institutional Training
Activities by Force Pool
CEF Unit StrategyAC Brigade Combat Team
CEF Missions - Global Response Force - Warplan alignment - Theater Security Cooperation Events - JCS and Army Exercises - Homeland Defense/Civil Support - Institutional Support Missions - DEF
FSO Collective Training
Legend I / C / S: Individual / Crew / SquadR: Day of Return from Available PoolCTC: Combat Training CenterL / V / C: Live / Virtual / Constructive
Warfighting Across the Spectrum of ConflictFull Spectrum Operations
Army units conducting, simultaneously if need be . . . Offense, Defense, and Stability Operations . . . across the spectrum of conflict
Our greatest collective training challenge today . . . at home station and at the Combat Training Centers!
“A leader is a man who can adapt principles to circumstances” -- General George Patton
COIN focused
Adjust OE for hybrid threats
Capitalize on combat experience
Joint operations access - forcible entry
Continued adaptation of our CTCs Atrophy of weapons skills
Requires This
Full Spectrum Operations (FSO)
Defeat mechanisms Destroy - enemy no longer performs any
function Dislocate – positional advantage, rendering
enemy’s dispositions irrelevant Disintegrate – disruption of C2, rapid collapse
of capabilities & will to fight Isolate – deny access to capabilities
Stability mechanisms Compel - use or threat of lethal force to
establish control, effect change, enforce compliance
Control - imposition of civil order Influence - shaping opinions / attitudes of
civilian population Support - establish / strengthen conditions of
instruments of national power
• Operate decentralized• Combined arms capabilities • Ability to develop the situation • Ability to seize and retain the initiative
• Apply appropriate combinations of:
Defeat mechanism
Stability mechanisms
• Produce complementary & reinforcing effects
Wide Area Security Application of the elements of combat power in coordination with other military and civilian capabilitiesto deny the enemy positions of advantage
Combined Arms Maneuver Application of the elements of combat power in a complementary and reinforcing manner to preserve freedom of action and to exploit success
Army forces combine offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations simultaneously as part of an interdependent Joint force to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative, accepting prudent risk to create opportunities to achieve decisive results. They employ synchronized action – lethal and nonlethal – proportional to the mission, and informed by a thorough understanding of all dimensions of the operational environment.
• Combined arms focus
• Training based on FSO METL
• Focus on fire support systems
• 50 percent of the training must be done at night
• Air-ground integration
• Logistical systems must be offensive minded and move over extended distances (e.g., refuel on the move)
• Units will conduct combined arms offensive live fire
• Units will conduct combined arms breach
• Units will conduct a minimum of one COMEX on their own tactical network in a field environment prior to going to a CTC
• Reinvigorate chemical training (e.g., donning protective equipment, decontaminating self and equipment)
FORSCOM CG’s Training Guidance
• Today’s environment – VUCA – “Volatile, Uncertain,
Complex, and Ambiguous”
This requires continuous adaptation and agile leadership
• Know your Soldiers … capitalize on combat experience!
• Get back to basics and fundamentals
Think Full Spectrum Operations – we must regain our balance in training
Reinstitute Maintenance Management Systems
Develop Soldiers and Leaders
Re-establish Training Management Systems
Take care of your Soldiers, Families, and Civilians
Final Thoughts
Simultaneous combinations of these elements, continually adapted to conditions, are the key to successful land operations
DefenseOffense
Stability Civil Support
• Combination of: Offensive Operations Defensive Operations Stability Operations (Foreign) Civil Support (Domestic)
• Executed Simultaneously
• Synchronized Lethal and Non-Lethal Action
• Conducted with Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental and Multinational partners
• Operational emphasis changes with mission, echelon, time and location
The Army’s Operational Concept
Full Spectrum Operations
• Precision is impossible in predicting force requirements
• A versatile Army provides a balanced mix of multipurpose capabilities and sufficient capacity to accomplish a
broad range of tasks
Modular Force Structure
Full Spectrum Operations
XX
Division
DefenseDefense
StabilityStabilityOffenseOffense
Our Central Organizing Principle
X
X
X
SUST
X
CAB
X
X
X
X
Heavy BCT
Stryker BCT
Infantry BCT
Combat Aviation Brigade
Fires Brigade
Battlefield Surveillance
Brigade
Maneuver Enhancement
Brigade
Area Support
Modular Brigades
Operational Concept
Components of Versatility
Versatility
