Kelly J Wilson Assessment 2 HLTIN301A4140880602 Portfolio Comply with Infection Control Policies

And Procedures in Health work

1. Microbiology is the holistic study of microscopic organisms; simply it is the study of very small living things that are normally too small to be seen with the human naked eye. This encompasses the study of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, some types of algae and often viruses as well.

2. Gloves - Disposable gloves are worn while performing a task during which the hands

could become contaminated with virus and or contaminates, such as patient contact. Respirators – Respirator filters most particles from the air when it passes through the

mask and reduces the chance of virus contacting your mouth and nose as well as prevents droplets from directly landing there. On situation may include an droplet infection of a patient such as SARS

Gowns - Gowns reduce the likelihood of a person’s clothes becoming contaminated with virus. Gowns are worn while performing tasks where clothes could become contaminated with virus such as bathing a patient.

Safety Goggles - Required when there’s risk of exposure to splashes, projectiles, and reduce the chances of virus coming into contact with the eyes.

3. When a nurse has a cut or an abrasion on their hand it is organisation policy that the cut or abrasion is covered with (preferably) a water resistant band-aid or covered with a sufficient dressing to help prevent any contaminants entering the wound.

4. The main difference between viruses and bacteria is that viruses are blocks of genetic material and cannot survive on their own, while bacteria are single-celled organisms that can. Bacteria take in nutrients, expel waste, grow, and multiply. Viruses need a host cell in order to reproduce copies of it-self and it has no need to feed or grow in the typical sense.

5. The non-pathogenic micro-organisms are considered to be normal flora. These grow in places like the throat and nose. They are expected organisms and is not life threatening to most individuals.

Pathogenic micro-organisms are abnormal flora. As mentioned above example, a throat culture that grows strep would be pathogenic and the doctor might therefore diagnose strep throat. It does not usually grow in that place.

Not all pathogenic organisms lead to life threatening conditions; however, if a person's immune system is compromised, even normal flora can be difficult to overcome.

6. Cross infection is sparsum infection from one person to another, cross infection can evere from incorrect handling of clinical waste that includes sharps, blood and bodily fluid spills.

A common intervention for preventing cross infection is basic hand washing techniques and the use of gloves and or PPE measures with use in accordance of policy and procedures.

Kelly J Wilson Assessment 2 HLTIN301A4140880602 Portfolio Comply with Infection Control Policies

And Procedures in Health work7. A hospital acquired infection is an infection that is acquired in hospital. The nurse

herself can sparsum infection if they are not vigilant about washing their hands and changing gloves after every patient. For the nurse to help prevent the sparsum of infection the nurse needs to wash their hands, change gloves after patient contact, ensure all wounds (that a nurse may have) is dressed, dry, and clean.

8. Contaminated instruments are confined to a designated zone to prevent the sparsum of infection to other areas of a facility, if of a contaminated zone it is wise that you take nothing that would be compromised by its sterility and that you are in protection of PPE as set by policy and procedures.

9. Standard precautions combine the major features of universal precautions and body substance isolation. Standard precautions are work practices that are necessary for basic level of infection control, standard precautions are made up of a set of principles designed to minimise exposure to and the transmission of microorganisms.

Standard precautions may be comprised of:

Hand washing. Use of personal protective equipment. Aseptic practices. Appropriate reprocessing of instruments and equipment following use. Safe handling and disposal of potential infectious material and Environmental control.

When standard precautions are not enough in preventing an infection additional precautions are needed. When the additional precautions are needed, it is used in addition to the standard precautions.

The implemented precautions are based on the disease transmission and the specific situation. There are three main categories of transmission that require the attention of the standard and additional infection control precautions;

o Airborne transmission.o Droplet transmission.o Contact transmission.

10. Factors that have an influence on susceptibility to infection:i. Lifestyle.

ii. Past medical history.iii. Occupation.iv. Current treatment.

11. The purpose of hand washing is to remove micro-organisms from the folds and grooves of the skin by lifting and rinsing them from the skin surface. The hands should be washed regularly

Kelly J Wilson Assessment 2 HLTIN301A4140880602 Portfolio Comply with Infection Control Policies

And Procedures in Health workas well as before and after any contact with patient; to prevent the skin from damage a moisture barrier must be applied as well, this should also be done on a regular basis too.

12. .

a. Bae can be considered as having a direct role in this outcome, due to her negligence with or without common sense is key here. As be willingly transferred germs from one person to another by not making use of gloves and avoiding any personal contact.

b. Some actions that Bae could of done are:i. Wear gloves to pick up the tissues.

ii. Not gave Gladdy and Jane hugs.iii. Wash hands before and after contact of each person.iv. Passed the bowl of fruit to Jane so Jane can pick her own fruit

(encourage independence).13. Elements of chain of infection are:

a. Infectious agents – microorganisms that have the potential to produce infection.b. Source of infection – is the reservoir of infectious agents that are colonized.c. Portal of exit from the source – infectious agents leave the body in body

substances such as respiratory secretion, feces, urine and genital secretions.d. Mode of transport – transmission of infectious agents from reservoirs.e. Portal of entrance – usually the same as the portal of exit.f. Susceptible host - exposure to infection.

14. The methods of reducing the transmission of infection may include:i. Wash hands, wear gloves, and use sterile technique when required.

ii. Keep natural body defenses intact, wash hands.iii. Maintain effective immunization and limit exposure.iv. Use disinfectants, antiseptics, antimicrobial drugs and wash hands.v. Isolate reservoir and eradicate organism.

15. Three types of health facility waste are:Infectious: material-containing pathogens in sufficient concentrations or quantities that, if exposed, can cause diseases. This includes waste from surgery and autopsies on patients with infectious diseases;Sharps: disposable needles, syringes, saws, blades, broken glasses, nails or any other item that could cause a cut;Pathological: tissues, organs, body parts, human flesh, fetuses, blood and body fluids;

16. government regulations that regulate the appropriate disposal of waste are:i. Environment Protection ACT 1994

ii. Environment Protection (Waste management) Regulation 2000iii. Environment Protection (Waste management) Policy 2000

Kelly J Wilson Assessment 2 HLTIN301A4140880602 Portfolio Comply with Infection Control Policies

And Procedures in Health workThe waste from the facility is stored in storage containers that contain the waste and those containers are stored in storage sheds onsite of the facility.

17. If you do experience a needle stick injury, immediately wash the site well with water. Squeezing or milking the site, you should then activate your own hospitals policy for post occupational exposure management.

Notify the DON or NUM in charge asap and complete a incident report forma and make a record of incident in the patients chart.

You and your patient will both need blood taken for serological testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HIV as soon as possible.Depending on your immunization status you may need to have a course of HBV vaccine and a dose of hep B immunoglobulin.Use of such post exposure prophylaxis is not to be treated lightly and expert guidance should be sought.

18. When the patient is discharged, the room must be thoroughly cleaned with neutral detergent solution and water and allowed to dry naturally. As set out in policy 82600/ALL: Environmental Decontamination.

The steps may include the following:

Don PPE such as gloves, and gown. Ensure a linen skip is nearby for placement of linen. Have a bucket of luke worm water with natural detergent. Wash bed down from top to bottom including mattress. Allow to dry on its own. Wash down all cupboards and draws in the room. When completed dispose of water in utility room and remove PPE and place

in bin. Wash hands before leaving the utility room.

Kelly J Wilson Assessment 2 HLTIN301A4140880602 Portfolio Comply with Infection Control Policies

And Procedures in Health work

White, L. (Ed.). (2005). Foundation of Basic Nursing (2nd Ed). New York: Thomson.

Grantham, D.L. 1992, Occupational Health and Hygiene Guidebook for the WHSO, Brisbane

Pheasant, S. 1991, Ergonomics, Work and Health, The MacMillan Press, London

Sorensen, K. C., Luckmann, J., (1986) Basic Nursing, A Psychophysiology Approach. (2nd Ed.). W.B Saunders, Japan.

Standard and additional precautions. (n.d.). Retrieved March 03 2010 from http://som.flinders.edu.au/students/HAI_Stand_Add.htm

Australian Government (n.d.). Queensland Health: Disinfection and Sterilization Infection Control Guidelines. Retrieved March from http://www.health.qld.gov.au/chrisp/sterilising/large_document.pdf

Australian Government (n.d.). Queensland Health: Infection Control Guidelines. Retrieved March from http://www.health.qld.gov.au/chrisp/ic_guidelines/contents.asp

Australian Government, State Government Victoria. (n.d.). Department of Health: Cleaning Standards. Retrieved March from http://www.health.vic.gov.au/cleaningstandards

Australian Government, State Government Victoria. (n.d.). Department of Health: Blue book - Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases. Retrieved March from http://www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/bluebook

What is Microbiology?. (n.d.). Retrieved March 03 2010 from http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbi01.htm#what