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4/18/2013 1 Infection Prevention and Recent Breaches Presented by: Mary Govoni, CDA, RDA, RDH, MBA and Jessica Wilson Sponsored by HuFriedy What are the breach issues? Tulsa Oral Surgeon: Improper disinfection/sterilization of instruments Surgical instruments placed in bleach What are the breach issues? Tulsa Oral Surgeon: Failure to follow standard precautions Using a set of instruments reserved for highrisk patients HIV What are the breach issues? Tulsa Oral Surgeon: Use of rusted/corroded instruments for patient care What are the breach issues? Tulsa Oral Surgeon: Use of contaminated needles in multidose drug vials What are the breach issues? Tulsa Oral Surgeon: Failure to spore test the sterilizer

Infection Prevention and Recent Breachesc1-preview.prosites.com/30459/wy/docs/s/2013 AM...4/18/2013 1 Infection Prevention and Recent Breaches Presented by: Mary Govoni, CDA, RDA,

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Page 1: Infection Prevention and Recent Breachesc1-preview.prosites.com/30459/wy/docs/s/2013 AM...4/18/2013 1 Infection Prevention and Recent Breaches Presented by: Mary Govoni, CDA, RDA,

4/18/2013

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Infection Prevention and Recent Breaches

Presented by:

Mary Govoni, CDA, RDA, RDH, MBA

and Jessica Wilson 

Sponsored by

Hu‐Friedy

What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• Improper disinfection/sterilization of instruments

• Surgical instruments placed in bleach

What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• Failure to follow standard precautions

• Using a set of instruments reserved for high‐risk patients

HIV

What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• Use of rusted/corroded instruments for patient care

What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• Use of contaminated needles in multi‐dose drug vials

What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• Failure to spore test the sterilizer

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What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• Failure to spore test the sterilizer

What are the breach issues?

• Tulsa Oral Surgeon:• 7000 patients to test (6 years)

• One patient tested positive for HCV – precipitated the inspection

• One patient suing for unspecified infection

What are the breach issues?

• Rhode Island Dentists:• Lincoln and Cranston offices closed by the RI Dept. of Health

• Instruments not properly sterilized

• No monitoring of sterilizer

• Biohazardous waste not properly stored or disposed

• No utility gloves for processing instruments

What are the breach issues?

• Arkansas Dentist:• Was known to be a drug abuser

• Potentially contaminated medication vials used for sedation

• ~100 patients contacted for testing for HIV, hepatitis b and c and syphillis

What is the Fallout?

• Reluctant  ‐ fearful patients

• Fearful dentists and team members• Inspections

• Citations/fines

• Decreased revenue

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CDC IC Guidelines

• Sterilization Guidelines• Classification of patient care items

• critical

• semi‐critical

• noncritical

• Heat sterilization of critical and semi‐critical items

OSHA Regulations

• Transporting of contaminated items

• OSHA BBP standard says – “in a covered, puncture‐resistant container”

• Prevents injury during transport

• Cassettes ideal to meet this requirement

CDC IC Guidelines

Sterilization Guidelines

• Cleaning instruments prior to packaging for sterilization

• Use of enzymatic detergents

• Ultrasonic cleaners and instrument washers – NO DISHWASHERS!

Maximizing Instrument Life

• Regular Visual Inspection

• Rust

• Pitting

• Discoloration

• Missing parts (Broken tips, hinges, etc.)

• Handles (cracked resin)

• Scratched mirrors

Maximizing Instrument Life

• Routine Maintenance

• Sharpening 

• First sign of dullness

• Scaler (not removing calculus)

• Lubrication of hinged instruments

• Recommended weekly

• Rust removal

Maximizing Instrument Life

• Sharpening

• First sign of dullness

• Annual Sharpening protocol

• 10 – 15 daily sterilization cycles

• Scaler (not removing calculus)

• Is your scaler grabbing test stick?

• End of blade appears shiny

• Increased pressure to perform procedure

• Ortho Plier 

• mail in 6‐9 mos

• Surgical (elevators, scissors)

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Maximizing Instrument Life

• Replace instruments as necessary

• Remove broken instruments from circulation

• What is the shelf life of instrument?

• Are instruments compatible with sterilization 

protocols?

Maximizing Instrument Life

• Proper Handling 

• Mixing of metals

• Carbon Steel & Stainless Steel

• Burs, Orthodontic instruments

• Exposure to chemicals

• Stain & Tarter Remover, Phenols, Bleach?

• Excess contact with other instruments

• Scratching? Nicking?

CDC IC Guidelines

• Sterilization Guidelines• Keep contaminated and clean/sterile items separated in the processing area

CDC IC Guidelines

• Sterilization Guidelines• Package/wrap instruments/cassettes prior to sterilization

• Dating packages – necessary or not?

• Use process integrators in each load/pack

Process Indicators and Integrators

• Not a substitute for biological indicators/spore tests

• A quality control measure, recommended by the CDC

• Validates that all instrument packs or cassettes in each load have been exposed to the necessary parameters for sterilization

Process Indicators and Integrators

• Available types of indicators – single  or dual parameter

• autoclave tape – single

• printed on sterilization pouches – usually dual (inside and outside pouch)

• indicator strips placed in pouches or cassettes

• Steam sterilization integrators• multi‐parameter ( time‐temp‐steam penetration)

• Class 5 –equivalent to BI (again not a substitute for)

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CDC IC Guidelines

• Sterilization Guidelines• Monitor sterilizer “at least weekly” with a biological indicator

CDC IC Guidelines

Sterilization Guidelines

• Use high‐level immersion disinfectant/sterilant for heat sensitive items

• Cannot be monitored for effectiveness like spore‐testing a sterilizer

CDC IC Guidelines

• Follow standard precautions• Treat each patient as if they were potentially infectious

• No “extra measures” for infectious patients• Double gloving

• Not cleaning instruments in the ultrasonic

• Sterilizing instruments twice

CDC IC Guidelines

• Follow principles of aseptic technique• Remove gloves and wash hands before leaving the treatment room

• Remove gloves or use instrument pick‐ups to open drawers and retrieve items

• Change face mask after each patient• Or before if it becomes wet

CDC IC Guidelines

• Follow principles of aseptic technique• Washing hands before donning gloves and immediately after removal

• Use sterile gloves for surgical procedures

• Segregate and dispose of sharps and other contaminated items according to state/local regulations

CDC IC Guidelines

• Follow principles of aseptic technique• Dispose of or clean/sterilize lab items after each use:

• rag wheels, burs

• pumice

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CDC IC Guidelines

• Water quality from the dental units• <500 cfu/ml

• purging lines at the beginning of the day not sufficient to control biofilm

• water quality should be monitored periodically  outside testing service

CDC IC Guidelines

• Filtration

• Point of use

• Point of entry

CDC IC Guidelines

• Use of FDA cleared waterline cleaners• Decreases level of  contamination

• Continuous use products more efficient

• Shock treatment at 4‐6 week intervals• Removes build‐up not controlled by daily maintenance

Personal Protective Equipment

• Eye protection

• Respiratory protection –masks

• Protective apparel

Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves• Procedure gloves

• Utility gloves

Infectious Disease Update

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• HBV vaccine

• Influenza (seasonal with H1N1)

• Tetanus (TDaP)

• MMR

• Shingles (Zostavax)

• HIV/AIDS • >1 million in US living with HIV/AIDS

• 21% unaware of their disease

• New drug approved for prevention

• Ongoing vaccine research

• Home test approved 

Hepatitis C Update• Most common chronic bloodborne infection

• Risk factors• Received blood transfusion or solid organ transplant before 7/92

• Received clotting factor concentrates before 1987

• Long term dialysis

• Needlestick, tattoo, body piercing

• Injectable drug use

• Drug treatment for chronic hepatitis C• Antivirals (Ribivirin & Interferon)

• Protease inhibitors (Incivek & Victrelis) 

Hepatitis C Update• CDC advisory on one‐time hepatitis C testing

• For “baby boomers” – born btw  1945‐1964

• 25% of U.S. population

• 73% of new cases of hep C come from this age group

• Exposure may have been >20 years ago

Norovirus

• Most common cause of gastroenteritis in the U.S.

• Very contagious• Spread from infected person or contaminated food/water

• Symptoms:• Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, fever, headache, body aches

• Contagious when sick and 3 days after                          

• Outbreaks at highest levels since 1996• Cases in 23 states 

• Including outbreak in July in Indiana

• No deaths, but 40% were hospitalized• Risk of pneumonia and encephalitis

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Tuberculosis• Standard precautions not sufficient to prevent transmission

• TB prevention program• Community risk assessment

• Screening patients for hx of TB or symptoms

• Defer elective tx for active TB patients

• Provide only emergency tx with N‐95 respirator

• TST for DHCP’s with symptoms

• “Whooping cough”

• Cases on the rise• Michigan and California

• Primarily in infants

• Health Care Professionals

• TDaP vaccine for all adults

• Deadly infection now an epidemic in U.S.• Severe diarrhea from toxins released by bacteria

• HAI – hospital acquired infection

• Elderly, and patients on antibiotics most vulnerable

• Use caution when prescribing antibiotics

MARY GOVONICDA, RDA, RDH, MBA

517‐214‐8223

[email protected]

www.marygovoni.com

@MaryGovoni

www.facebook.com/marygovoniandassociates

866‐628‐4149

JESSICA WILSON, B.A.

404‐484‐2036

773‐868‐3661

Jwilson@Hu‐Friedy.com

@Jessica1Wilson

Jessica Wilson