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INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Chapter 15Pg. 400
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Diseases caused and transmitted from person to person, by microorganisms or
their toxins. • Also called communicable or
contagious diseases.
What do you think? ■A hospital is a place where people can
easily pick up infectious diseases.– TRUE
■Antibiotics are among the few medicines that are effective against viruses. – FALSE. Antibiotics are useful
against bacteria, not viruses.
■Fevers are dangerous, especially when people have infections. – FALSE. Fevers are part of the
body’s defense against infection, and low fevers are not dangerous.
MicroorganismsBacteria
■Single celled organism.
■Grows/multiple in warm dark, moist environments.
■EX: – Tetanus– Tuberculosis– Lyme Disease
Viruses
■Not a cell, genetic material that can invade living cells – even bacteria.
■EX: – Influenza– Chicken Pox– Shingles– Pneumonia– Polio– Measles – Mumps
■ Pg. 404, Figure 15.4
Types of Bacterial Diseases■Tetanus – toxin produced by
bacteria within a wound. – Vaccine provided.
■Tuberculosis – bacterial infection of the lungs.
■Lyme Disease – bacterial infection spread by tiny deer ticks.
Other Pathogens that cause a variety of diseases.
■ Fungi ( yeast or molds)– Athletes foot
■ Protozoa
■ Parasites
■ Worms– Head lice
Mononucleosis “The kissing disease”
■Viral infection that resembles an upper respiratory infection. – Spread through saliva
■Symptoms – severe sore throat, fever, swollen glands, enlarged spleen, and infected liver.
■After full recovery, mono will not strike the same person again.
The Body’s Defenses
■First line of DEFENSE: – Skin – produces salty, acidic
sweat, which repels pathogens. It also have one-way pores that let toxins out, but won’t let pathogens in.
– Membranes – Mucus and chemicals.
Body’s Defenses continued
Demonstration
Antigen “ foreign invader” / FLU
T-cell “recognizes invader” and sounds an ALARM!
B-cells arrive and record shape of invaders. Then make antibodies.
Antibodies made so invader is remembered
and can be destroyed right
away.
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
Antigen “ foreign invader” / HIV
T-cell “HIV hides inside cell, which remains safely away from immune system”
HIV multiplies as FAKE T-cells & invades more T-
cells.
After months or years, the
infection begins to destroy
immune system. All T-cells are
being destroyed.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE VIDEO
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1pUoYBbEpI
Another way to FIGHT■Swelling of lymph nodes
■Fever– Cold viruses thrive and
multiply at temperatures between 86-95 degrees, but die off at higher temperatures.
– Activates immune system.
Food Infection/Poisoning■Salmonella – food borne pathogen
causing digestive system infections.
■Botulin Toxin – poison produced by bacteria in sealed cans, plastic packs, or jars or food.
■E.coli – toxin producing bacteria that can cause food-borne illness.– Diarrhea, severe cramps,
dehydration, and kidney damage.
Preventing Food-borne illness. ■Clean
– Hands– Wash cooking items in HOT water.
■Separate– Utensils to prepare different types of food. – Raw vs. cooked food.
■Cook– Meat & Seafood – 145 degrees– Ground meat – 160 degrees
■Chill– Do not eat cold dishes that have been in room
temperature for 2 hours or more – or 1 hour in hot weather.