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Influence of Changjiang discharge, resuspensionof sediment and eutrophication to chlorophyll variability in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea: Results from new satellite data set
Ishizaka, JojiXu YongjiuYamaguchi,
HisashiEko Siswanto
2nd Int. Sympo.Effects of
Climate Change on the World’s
Ocean (May 16, 2012)
Problems in YECS and possible causes• Giant Jellyfish (N. nomurai) 2002-2007, 2009• Red tide (C. polykrikoides) 1988-2005• Red tide (Prorocentram) 2000-• Green tide (Enteromorpha prolifera) 2008-
• Eutrophication (River, Atmos.)• Climate Change• Dam Construction• Overfishing• More
Chugoku News
Iwataki
Ocean Color Remote Sensing – Useful ToolHowever, problem of Turbidity
1998-2008 Average in January
50m
100m
Jan
Standard CHL
YOC CHL Difference
TSM (Yamaguchi et al. Submitted)
New Algorithm Developed by
Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem
(YSLME)Ocean Color Project
(Siswanto et al. 2011)
Seasonal Change of New Chl-a(10 year average)
(Yamaguchi et al. Submitted)
Jan Apr
OctJuly
(mg m-3)
Seasonal Variation ofChl-a and TSM
YOC CHL
TSM
Spring Bloom
CDW
(Yamaguchi et al. Submitted)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
(B) South of ChangjiangHillock
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
BB
AA
CC DD EE
35
30
120 125
(Yamaguchi et al.,
Submitted)
Seasonal Variation
of Chl-a and TSM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
(A) Middle of Yellow Sea
0
2
4
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
SC
HL
(mg
m-3
)
10
12
14(D) Changjiang Hillock
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011120
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
Month
TS
M (
mg
l-1)
0
2
4
6
(E) East of ChangjiangBank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011120
2
4
6
8
10
12
8 14
(C) Off Changjiang Mouth
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011120
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
SCHL
TSM
Month
High chl.a area and low salinity water
(Kim et al., 2009)
High Chl-a areas toChangjiang discharge with time lag
(Kim et al., 2009)
Interannual Variability of Chl‐a and Changjiang Discharge on May‐Oct.
(Yamaguchi et al.,
Submitted)
(Yamaguchi et al., PO-2012)
Area 16
Area 7
Area 14Area 15
Area 8
(mg/m3)
(m3 /s)
Chl
-a (m
g/m
3 )
Dis
char
ge (m
3 /s)
(Yamaguchi et al., PO, 2012)
Interannual Changes of SummerChl-a in Yellow Sea and Changjiang Discharge
Increase of Spring Maximum YOC SCHL
(A)黄海中央部
Eutrophication of Yellow Sea?
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Year
Chl
-a (
mg
m-3)
TS
M (
mg
l-1)
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
BB
AA
CC DD EE
35
30
120 125
Interannual Variation of Chl-a and TSM on Feb.-June(Middle of Yellow Sea)
(Yamaguchi et al., Submitted)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Year
Chl
-a (
mg
m-3)
TS
M (
mg
l-1)
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
BB
AA
CC DD EE
35
30
120 125
Increase of SCHL during May-June
TSM
CHL
Interannual Variation of Chl-a and TSM in Feb.-June(off Changjiang Mouth)
(Yamaguchi et al., Submitted)
YS China
Changjiang North
YS KoreaYS Middle
Use for Giant Jellyfish Bloom
Possible source areasof Medusa of N. nomurai
(Xu et al. In prep.)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Jan-
98
Jan-
99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01
Jan-
02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05
Jan-
06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Jan-
10
Jan-
11
seawifs 1997-2010
Modis 2008-2011 YS Middle
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Jan-
98
Jan-
99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01
Jan-
02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05
Jan-
06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Jan-
10
Jan-
11
Seawifs 1997-2010
Modis 2008-2010 YS Korea
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Jan-
98
Jan-
99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01
Jan-
02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05
Jan-
06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Jan-
10
Jan-
11
Seawifs 1997-2011
Modis 2008-2010 Changjiang North
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Jan-
98
Jan-
99
Jan-
00
Jan-
01
Jan-
02
Jan-
03
Jan-
04
Jan-
05
Jan-
06
Jan-
07
Jan-
08
Jan-
09
Jan-
10
Jan-
11
Seawifs 1997-2011
Modis 2008-2010YS China
Chl
_a(m
g m
-3)
Extension to recent MODIS data(Xu et al. In prep.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Mar Apr May Jun
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Mar Apr May Jun
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Mar Apr May Jun
YS Middle
YS KoreaChangjiang North
JY NJYPJY
JYPJY NJY
NJYJYPJY
0
5
10
15
20
2519
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
11
Mar Apr May JunYS China
JYPJY NJY
SST variations in winter/spring months(Xu et al. In prep.)
SS
T(o C
)
Chl
_a(m
g m
-3)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
1998_20012002_2007_20092008_2010_2011
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
1998_20012002_2007_20092008_2010_2011
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
1998_20012002_2007_20092008_2010_2011
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
1998_2001
2002_2007_2009
2008_2010_2011
Monthly Chl_a in spring in PJY, JY, NJY
ChangjiangNorth
YS Middle
YS Korea
YS China
(Xu et al. In prep.)
Eutrophication
Interannual Variation of Changjiang Discharge
Chl Increase in Changjiang Mouth
Chl Variation off Changjiang Mouth
Variation of Upstream Rain Dam Construction
Chl Increase in Yellow Sea
Increase of Nitrate Decrease of Sediment Load
Ocean Color data Set
Giant Jellyfish Red Tide Green Tide
River DischargeAtmospheric Input
Climate Change(Cooling)
Conclusions• New ocean color data set (Chl-a and TSM)• Spring bloom after resuspension ceased• Bloom caused by summer Changjiang discharge• Summer Changjiang bloom – Changjiang discharge
interannual variation• Spring bloom/summer Chl-a in Yellow Sea and
Changjiang mouth – increasing – eutrophication –good environment for giant jellyfish
• Recent non-giant jellyfish bloom years – high spring bloom but colder
• Strobilation timing may be close to spring/summer blooms but the timing is different in location – detail study of the timing is on-going