INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Kateřina Hambálková and Lukáš Čapka

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER

Kateřina Hambálková and Lukáš Čapka


Protection of underground water fall within act n. 254/2001 digest water act.

Updating: 1. 1. 2003 („euronovel“) – act n. 20/2004 digest., modification of water act.

Purpose of the law:– preserve surface and underground waters– regulate terms for:

– economy exploitage water sources– preservation and improvement of quality

of surface and underground waters


– create terms for dispraise adverse reactions floods and dry

– conduce to protection of water ecosystems and directly depending overland ecosystems


Underground water:

– water naturally incident below the Earth's in zone saturation direct contact with minerals– underground waters are also waters flowing throuht drainage systems and waters in water wells

Formation of the underground water:

– accumulation of the underground water in the section of minerals with high permeability, which allows water to take off or flowing of underground water


Types of the underground water:

– water in pores: shallow water, that flows throught pits of unconsolidated minerals

– water in cracks: deep water,that flows throught the systems of cracks in the consolidated minerals

– springs: natural outlets of the underground water to the surface


– contamination of the underground water by nitrates is one indicator of destabilization of ecosystem

– destruction of natural biogeochemical cyclus due to hight entry of nitrogene into an ecosystem

– accumulation of nitrates in soil has several results:

– oversaturation of the ecosystem by nitrogene, when the ecosystem is not able to spend all nitrogene by biologicalprocesses – negative activity of the nitrogen – acidification of the environment

Influence of nitrates on environment


– the biggest nitrogen‘s source in underground water are agricultural fertilizers

– over 16 % of shallow wells and 13 % springs surpass the standard for maximum nitrogens content in drinking water

– standard for maximum nitrogens content in drinking water is: 50 mg/l

Influence of nitrogens on underground water:


Treatment of natural water to drinking water:

ČSN 75 7214 Natural water for treatment to drinking waterČSN 75 7214 Natural water for treatment to drinking water

A: request only desinfection, or sand filtration, de-ironing etc.

B: request simple treatment – coagulating filtration + desinfection

C: request two- or multistage treatment (clarification, sorption, oxidation, etc. + desinfection)

D: not suitable for treatment


– nitrogens start in body chain of chemical reaktions, that lead to forming nitrites and nitrosamines

Influence of nitrogens for organism:

– nitrosamines are carcinogenic

– especially young children are very sensitive for this compounds and more amount can inflict nitrogen cyanose, that can be deadly


ammoniacal:

– ammonium nitrate: NH4NO3

– ammonium sulphate: (NH4)2SO4

Separation of nitrogen fertilizers:

nitrate (saltpeters):

– sodium nitrate: NaNO3

– potassium nitrate: KNO3

– calcium nitrate: Ca(NO3)2

– magnesium-calcium nitrate: Mg(NO3)2 + (CaNO3)2


– in present time amides, especially urea are the most frequently used among nitrogen fertilizers

amides:

– urea: CO(NH2)2

– calcium cyanamide: CaCN2


Dictionary:

fertilizer – hnojivowater sources – vodní zdrojewell – studnaunconsolidated – nezpevněnýoversaturation – přesycenítreatment - úpravaclarification – čeření

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INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS FOR QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER Kateřina Hambálková and Lukáš Čapka