Information Analytical Navigation Center

Federal Space Agency of the Russian FederationFederal Space Agency of the Russian Federation

Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS: Status and GLONASS: Status and PerspectivesPerspectives

Civil GPS Service Interface CommitteeCivil GPS Service Interface CommitteeInternational Information SubcommitteeInternational Information Subcommittee

Prague, 14-15 March, 2005Prague, 14-15 March, 2005________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sergey RevnivykhSergey RevnivykhSatellite Navigation DepartmentSatellite Navigation Department

Mission Control CenterMission Control CenterCentral Research Institute of Machine BuildingCentral Research Institute of Machine Building

4 Pionerskaya st, 141070 Korolyov4 Pionerskaya st, 141070 [email protected]@mcc.rsa.ruhttp://www.mcc.rsa.ru/iac.htmhttp://www.mcc.rsa.ru/iac.htm

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mcc.rsa.ru/iac.htm


OverviewOverview State PolicyState Policy System StatusSystem Status ModernizationModernization International CooperationInternational Cooperation SummarySummary


State Policy PrinciplesState Policy Principles GLONASS is a dual-use systemGLONASS is a dual-use system Recognition of GLONASS as an strategic Recognition of GLONASS as an strategic

element of the national security issue element of the national security issue No direct user fees for civil GLONASS serviceNo direct user fees for civil GLONASS service Open access to the GLONASS civil signal Open access to the GLONASS civil signal

structure for user equipment manufacture, structure for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added applications development and value-added servicesservices

Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Russian territoryRussian territory

Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEOwith GPS and future GALILEO

Development of the GNSS global marketDevelopment of the GNSS global market


GLONASS State Policy SourcesGLONASS State Policy Sources Decree of the President , 1999Decree of the President , 1999 Decision of the Government, 1999Decision of the Government, 1999 Federal GLONASS Program for 2002-Federal GLONASS Program for 2002-

2011, approved by the Government, 2011, approved by the Government, August 2001August 2001

State concept of the Russian United State concept of the Russian United Navigation and Time Service System, Navigation and Time Service System, October 2004:October 2004:

GLONASS is a key element of the GLONASS is a key element of the Navigation and Time Service Navigation and Time Service

SystemSystem


Federal GLONASS Program Federal GLONASS Program DirectionsDirections

Sustainment and development of GLONASS system Sustainment and development of GLONASS system (Roscosmos, MOD)(Roscosmos, MOD)::• Minimal operation capability (18 satellites) by 2008Minimal operation capability (18 satellites) by 2008• Full operation capability (24 satellites) by 2010Full operation capability (24 satellites) by 2010

Development and production preparation of the GNSS Development and production preparation of the GNSS user equipment for civil and governmental users user equipment for civil and governmental users (Agency (Agency of Industry, MOD)of Industry, MOD)• Combined GNSS receiversCombined GNSS receivers• Integrated systems based on GNSS techniquesIntegrated systems based on GNSS techniques• Components manufactureComponents manufacture

Navigation technology introduction in the transport Navigation technology introduction in the transport infrastructure infrastructure (Transport Agencies of MOT)(Transport Agencies of MOT)

Geodesy system modernization Geodesy system modernization (Mapping Agency of MOT)(Mapping Agency of MOT)

Combined Federal Mission Oriented Program – directly funded from

the Federal Budget with annual adjustment


GLONASS Program ManagementGLONASS Program Management

I nteragency Coordination Board

of the GLONASS Program

MODMOD RoskosmosRoskosmos

Ministry of I ndustry and Energy

Ministry of I ndustry and Energy

Executive SecretariatExecutive Secretariat

Problem Council

Agency on IndustryAgency

on Industry

Ministry of Transport

Ministry of Transport

Civil Aviation AgencyCivil Aviation Agency

Maritime AgencyMaritime Agency

Road Transport AgencyRoad Transport Agency

Rail Transport AgencyRail Transport Agency

Mapping AgencyMapping Agency

Roskosmos:Roskosmos:• GLONASS GLONASS

developmentdevelopment• GLONASS GLONASS

augmentation augmentation developmentdevelopment

• GLONASS GLONASS performance performance monitoring and monitoring and controlcontrol

MOD:MOD:• GLONASS GLONASS

developmentdevelopment• GLONASS GLONASS

operationoperation• User equipment User equipment

development for development for governmental usegovernmental use

ROSKOSMOS isThe Program Coordinator


OverviewOverview State PolicyState Policy

System StatusSystem Status ModernizationModernization International CooperationInternational Cooperation SummarySummary


GLONASS Constellation Status GLONASS Constellation Status (05.03.2005)(05.03.2005)

1

Глонасс№ 89

Запуск01.12.01САС 3 г.

Глонасс№ 11ЛЗапуск01.12.01

САС 5 лет

87









9 1210 11 13 14

2019





1615





Глонасс-M № 11ЛЗапуск10.12.03

САС 7 лет

Глонасс-М№ 12ЛЗапуск

26.12.2004САС 7 лет


Запуск 26.12.2004САС 3 г.


Запуск 26.12.2004САС 3 г.

Flight test

Глонасс-M № 14Л

САС 7 лет

Глонасс-M № 13Л

САС 7 лет


САС 3 г.

Block 34Launch 2005 г.

14 satellites in constellation

Flight tests

12 GLONASS satellites (12 GLONASS satellites (3 years life-time):3 years life-time):• All operationalAll operational

2 GLONASS-M satellites (2 GLONASS-M satellites (7 years life-time7 years life-time))• Both in flight testBoth in flight test

Next launch – end of 2005Next launch – end of 2005


Constellation History and Constellation History and PerspectivePerspective

GLONASS Deployment Program. History and Progress.

2624

21

201818

1412

11108

7

111213

16

22

26

16121212

1412

109

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

SV in constellation

GLONASS-M Flight Test (7 years life-time)

GLONASS-K Flight Test(10 years life-time)

Planned GLONASS deployment program according to the Federal GLONASS Program

GLONASS Initial Operation Capability (12 SV , 3 year life-time. Decree of the Prsident of 29.09.93 № 658 рпс).

GLONASS deployment milestones:GLONASS deployment milestones:• 18 satellites in constellation – 200718 satellites in constellation – 2007• 24 satellites in constellation – 2010-201124 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011


GLONASS Control Segment GLONASS Control Segment (Space Force)(Space Force)

GLONASS System Control Center GLONASS System Control Center • Krasnoznamensk, Moscow reg.Krasnoznamensk, Moscow reg.• Satellite operationSatellite operation• OD&TSOD&TS

TT&C stationsTT&C stations• St.Petersbourg reg.St.Petersbourg reg.• Schelkovo, Moscow regSchelkovo, Moscow reg• YenisseyskYenisseysk• Komsomolsk-AmurKomsomolsk-Amur

System clock (Central System clock (Central synchronizer)synchronizer)• SchelkovoSchelkovo

One-way tracking stations deployment:One-way tracking stations deployment:• Space Force sitesSpace Force sites• Rosstandard sites (Mendeleyevo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, KhabarovskRosstandard sites (Mendeleyevo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk

Mission control segment development in schedule:


GLONASS Satellite PerformanceGLONASS Satellite Performance Guaranteed Life-timeGuaranteed Life-time Satellite massSatellite mass Power supply Power supply Navigation payload Navigation payload

• MassMass• Power consumptionPower consumption

Clock stability (24 hours)Clock stability (24 hours) Attitude control accuracyAttitude control accuracy Solar panel pointing Solar panel pointing

accuracyaccuracy

3 years3 years1 415 kg1 415 kg1 000 W1 000 W

180 kg180 kg600 W600 W

5*105*10-13-13

0.5 deg0.5 deg5 deg5 deg

Total launched 81 satellitesActual life-time 4.5 years

Group launch by PROTON


GLONASS-M PerformanceGLONASS-M Performance Guaranteed Life-timeGuaranteed Life-time Satellite massSatellite mass Power supply Power supply Navigation payload Navigation payload


Clock stability (24 hours)Clock stability (24 hours) Attitude control accuracyAttitude control accuracy Solar panel pointing accuracySolar panel pointing accuracy

7 years7 years1 415 kg1 415 kg1 450 W1 450 W

250 kg250 kg580 W580 W

1*101*10-13-13


Extended life-timeExtended life-time L2 civil signalL2 civil signal Improved clock stabilityImproved clock stability Improved solar panel pointingImproved solar panel pointing Improved dynamic model, less level of unpredicted accelerationsImproved dynamic model, less level of unpredicted accelerations

GLONASS-M new features:

Group launch by PROTON


GLONASS Availability EvolutionGLONASS Availability Evolution

12/200112/2001: : 6 SV, A=6 SV, A=1177 gap = 13.7hgap = 13.7h

12/200212/2002: : 8 SV, A=228 SV, A=22 gap = 9.3hgap = 9.3h

12/200312/2003: : 9 SV, A=359 SV, A=35 gap = 9.0hgap = 9.0h

12/200412/2004: : 11 SV, A=5811 SV, A=58 gap = 4.6hgap = 4.6h

03/200503/2005: : 13 SV, A=7613 SV, A=76 gap = 2.9hgap = 2.9h

12/200712/2007: : 18 SV, A=9618 SV, A=96 gap = 0.6hgap = 0.6h

Since 2001 the gap in navigation reduced from

14 to 3 hours


OverviewOverview State PolicyState Policy System StatusSystem Status

ModernizationModernization International CooperationInternational Cooperation SummarySummary


GLONASS Service ModernizationGLONASS Service Modernization Second civil signal at L2 frequency band Second civil signal at L2 frequency band since since

GLONASS-M in 2003GLONASS-M in 2003 for higher accuracyfor higher accuracy Third civil signal at L3 frequency band since GLONASS-K Third civil signal at L3 frequency band since GLONASS-K

in 2008 in 2008 for higher reliability and accuracy, especially for for higher reliability and accuracy, especially for safety-of-life applicationssafety-of-life applications

GNSS Integrity information in the third civil signal GNSS Integrity information in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – (GLONASS-K) – reliability of navigation servicereliability of navigation service

Global differential ephemeris and time corrections in the Global differential ephemeris and time corrections in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – sub meter real time sub meter real time accuracy for mobile usersaccuracy for mobile users

Search and Rescue service (extension of Search and Rescue service (extension of COSPAS/SARSAT service) – COSPAS/SARSAT service) – shortening time of precise shortening time of precise positioning and rescue for people in distresspositioning and rescue for people in distress


GLONASS Modernization PlanGLONASS Modernization Plan

Developer NPO PMProducer PO “Polyot”Total launched 81 SVOrdered 1 SVIn orbit 12 SV Life-time 3 years

Developer NPO PMProducer NPO PMOrdered 8 SVIn orbit 2 SVTo be ordered 6 Life-time 7 years2nd civil signal

Developer NPO PMD&D phaseTo be ordered up to 27 SVLife-time 10 years3rd civil signal

Requirement definitionsince 2002 г.

Ground control segment modernizationNavigation (OD$TS) system modernizationGLONASS augmentation system implementationSystem certification for safety of life applications

Search and Rescue service implementationSupplementary functions (TBD)

GLONASSGLONASS1982-20071982-2007

GLONASS-MGLONASS-M2003-2012003-20155

GLONASS-KGLONASS-K20020088-202-20255

GLONASS-KMGLONASS-KM2015-2015-…..…..

Navigation service market development


GLONASS-K PerformanceGLONASS-K Performance Guaranteed Life-timeGuaranteed Life-time Satellite massSatellite mass Power supply Power supply Navigation payload Navigation payload


Clock stability (24 hours)Clock stability (24 hours) Attitude control accuracyAttitude control accuracy Solar panel pointing accuracySolar panel pointing accuracy

10 years10 years850 kg850 kg1 270 W1 270 W

260 kg260 kg750 W750 W

1*101*10-13-13


Extended life-timeExtended life-time L3 civil signalL3 civil signal Improved performanceImproved performance SAR functionSAR function

GLONASS-K new features:

Group launch by

SOYUZ


GLONASS SignalsGLONASS Signals

1208.97 MHz1194.45 MHz

14.52 MHz-7-6 -5-4 5 6 7 8… …

L30=1201.5 MHz

L30=1201.5 MHz

1254.61 MHz1237.83 MHz

16.78 MHz-7-6 -5-4 5 6 7 8… …

L20=1246 MHz

L20=1246 MHz

fk1=f01+kf1

fk2=f02+kf2

fk3=fk1*3/4

f01=1602 MHz; f1= 562,5 kHz

f02=1246 MHz; f2= 437,5 kHz

1611.61 MHz1592.95 MHz

18.66 MHz-7-6 -5-4 5 6 7 8… …

L10=1602 MHz

L10=1602 MHz

RA


GLONASS Augmentation GLONASS Augmentation DevelopmentDevelopment

National GLONASS/GPS Tracking Stations Network

Data Processing and Analysis Center

Integrity informationGlobal Orbit and Time Corrections

Global IGS Network

Uplink stations

GLONASS-K GEO

L3 signal

Operation since 2008

Positioning in real time:Global <1 mRegional <5 cm


GLONASS Performance GLONASS Performance Monitoring and ControlMonitoring and Control

Central Research Institute of ROSKOSMOS Central Research Institute of ROSKOSMOS (Information Analytical Navigation Center) to (Information Analytical Navigation Center) to fit-back for GLONASS Control Segmentfit-back for GLONASS Control Segment• Daily ephemeris and clock correction evaluationDaily ephemeris and clock correction evaluation• Data of global IGS network in useData of global IGS network in use• Driver for GLONASS performance improvementDriver for GLONASS performance improvement

Orbit error in range (12.02.2005) SISRE

GPS GLONASS GPS GLONASS


OverviewOverview State PolicyState Policy System StatusSystem Status ModernizationModernization

International CooperationInternational Cooperation SummarySummary


General GoalGeneral Goal Benefit users by the reliable, accurate Benefit users by the reliable, accurate

and with high availability navigation and with high availability navigation serviceservice• Developing GLONASS to provide Developing GLONASS to provide

compatibility and interoperability with compatibility and interoperability with existing and future systemsexisting and future systems

Beneficial use of GNSS service in the Beneficial use of GNSS service in the world marketworld market• Standards consolidationStandards consolidation• Frequency protection Frequency protection • Joint development of user equipment and Joint development of user equipment and

augmentationsaugmentations


Russia - EURussia - EU Negotiation process resumedNegotiation process resumed

• Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Agreement – Agreement – text to be consolidated soontext to be consolidated soon

• Technical group to find solutions for compatibility and Technical group to find solutions for compatibility and interoperability interoperability

Signal compatibility and interoperability at L3/E5bSignal compatibility and interoperability at L3/E5b Time scale shift transmissionTime scale shift transmission GLONASS geodesy reference to be adjusted to ITRFGLONASS geodesy reference to be adjusted to ITRF

Russian industry involvement into GALILEO Russian industry involvement into GALILEO developmentdevelopment• SOYUZ launch service for GSTB-V2aSOYUZ launch service for GSTB-V2a• NII PP laser reflectors delivered for GSTB-V2a/bNII PP laser reflectors delivered for GSTB-V2a/b• Involvement to the H-maser developmentInvolvement to the H-maser development• Russian industry involvement in FP-6Russian industry involvement in FP-6


Russia - IndiaRussia - India Agreement signed in December 2004Agreement signed in December 2004

• Civil GLONASS service coveringCivil GLONASS service covering• Participation of India in the GLONASS Participation of India in the GLONASS

constellation sustainment (including constellation sustainment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket)India’s GSLV rocket)

• Cooperation in ground GNSS infrastructure Cooperation in ground GNSS infrastructure developmentdevelopment


Russia - USRussia - US GPS/GLONASS full compatibility GPS/GLONASS full compatibility

provided by design for existing signalsprovided by design for existing signals Joint statement signed in December Joint statement signed in December

2004:2004:• No direct user fees for civil GLONASS/GPS No direct user fees for civil GLONASS/GPS

service confirmedservice confirmed• Cooperation at International organizationsCooperation at International organizations• Ensure compatibility and interoperabilityEnsure compatibility and interoperability• SAR function implementationSAR function implementation• Agreement preparationAgreement preparation


GPS/GLONASS Combine Use GPS/GLONASS Combine Use BenefitsBenefits

Comparison of the Numbers of the visible satellites in Moscow, for date 16.11.2004 and mask angle = 25°

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Time (hours)

Num

ber o

f sat

ellit

es in

vie

w

Only GPS constellation GPS + 9GLONASS

Advantage of Positioning Availability for Urban and Canyon Conditions (GDOP<5, mask angle 25o)

GPS onlyGPS onlyGPS+GLONASS (9 sats)GPS+GLONASS (9 sats)

GPS+GLONASS (12 sats)GPS+GLONASS (12 sats)


Number of satellites in view for Moscow region during a day


GPS onlyGPS only


OverviewOverview State PolicyState Policy System StatusSystem Status ModernizationModernization International CooperationInternational Cooperation

SummarySummary


SummarySummary GLONASS is existing and developing GLONASS is existing and developing

systemsystem GLONASS significance as an element of GLONASS significance as an element of

the national security issue recognizedthe national security issue recognized Performance improvement is in schedule Performance improvement is in schedule

of Federal GLONASS Programof Federal GLONASS Program Both compatibility and interoperability Both compatibility and interoperability

of the existing and future systems is the of the existing and future systems is the strategic way ahead strategic way ahead

Federal Space Agency of the Russian FederationFederal Space Agency of the Russian Federation


Спасибо за внимание!Спасибо за внимание!

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Information Analytical Navigation Center