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Information and Software Technology


Option: Artificial intelligence, simulation and

modelling


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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

What is INTELLIGENCE?› Ability to reason› Ability to acquire and

use knowledge› Ability to perceive

ideas› Ability to manipulate

objects

What is AI?› Ability of computers to

imitate human behaviour and thought processes.


AI where is it at?


Historical Perspective of AI

Ancient Greek philosopher

Aristotle (384 – 322BC) logical reasoning form the basis of many AI systems.

Aristotle Info

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle


Historical Perspectives of AI

Alan Turing (1912 – 1954) created the Turing machine that could perform logical operations.

The Turing test is where a human has to determine if the response was generated by a computer or a human.

Who Was Alan Turing The Enigma

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGCs3Q9Friw&feature=fvw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnBsndE1IkA&feature=related


Historical Perspectives of AI

The Future?

Would you like to know more?

HW Page 169 Exercise 8.1 q’s 1 - 4


Areas of AI Major areas of AI

› Intelligent Systems

› Expert systems and Knowledge Bases

› Neural networks› Games› Natural language› Robotics

DVC “I,video”


Autonomous


Asimo


Areas of AI

An Artificial Intelligent system is a computer system that receives data through an input device such as a mouse, keyboard or microphone and produces an intelligent response.

Can you find one on the Internet and paste the link into Wallwisher!


Expert systems

Expert systems are computer programs that make the collective knowledge of various experts in a field available to the user. They are built on knowledge bases.


Expert systems

Examples of expert system include› Medical expert

system› Voice recognition

system› Travel navigation

expert system› Financial systems


Expert System Example

Expert System Example

Investigate an expert system.

place your findings on our Wallwisher site.

http://www.lpa.co.uk/pws_dem7.htm

http://www.lpa.co.uk/pws_dem7.htm


PREZI

Create a PREZI on something to do with AI (can not be a movie)

Include pictures and video.

Present a 5 Minute PREZI to the class.


Neural networks A computer

system that works like the human brain and is capable of learning.

Watch video


AI Terminology Knowledge bases – a

centralised repository for information. Computers can be programmed to use rules based on set conditions. IF-THEN rule.› IF this knowledge

exists (premise) THEN do this (conclusion).


AI Terminology

Agents – A piece of software designed to search through databases for relevant data. Used in neural networks to search vast amounts of data.


AI Terminology

Demons – A program that springs to life when it is relevant. Allow computers to be self-modifying.

HW Page 175 Exercise 8.2 q’s 1-4


Modelling and simulations

Model – a simpler version of a real world object or idea.

Modelling – process of creating a model.


Modelling and simulations

Computer model – an electronic representation of an object or idea.

Simulation – the process of imitating real-life occurrences in order to test a model.


Purposes of Modelling and Simulations

Spreadsheets Financial Planner

s Car Manufacturer

s Training Simulato

rs Drilling Simulator

s Space Shuttle Mi

ssions Scientific Simulat

ions Astronomers


Advantages and Limitations

Safer, cheaper and quicker to use a model.

More efficient and minor changes to the models can be easily altered.

Life Like?????

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTaV5PKgzw0&feature=related



Might be the only method for training (astronauts).

The simulation is only as good as the model that was created.



Models are often too simplistic and lead to inaccurate results.

HW Page 178 Exercise 8.3 q’s 1-4


Requirements of Models and Simulations

Hardware› Can take a lot of time to

build the required hardware.

› The hardware needs fast processing

› Parallel processing (linking of two or more processing units within the one computer) is often used.

› Large amounts of storage space is required.


Requirements of Models and Simulations

Software› Required to carry out

complex computations.

› Specifically designed to suit the model.


Simulators

A hardware device that imitates certain environments. Used for training and experiments to simulate movement.


Simulators Flight

simulators› Used to train

pilots and provide realistic feelings of flying

› Has working replica of cockpit, computers, projectors and screens.


Simulators Car simulators

› Good for learner drivers.

Virtual reality games› Users usually wear a

head-mounted display that presents computer images to each eye and sounds through earphones.

Homework Exercise 8.4 q’s 1 - 4


Simulators


Spreadsheets

If › Then› Else

Documents

Information and Software Technology. Go to Learn how to use it Create a Wordle for this topic! Information