Information Technology

Kranthi Kiran KotlaMuralidhara Reddy JangaRakesh Kumar ChindamSuresh Kumar Velamuri

OutlineIntroductionComputers and the Quality IssuesInternet and other electronic communicationInformation Quality IssuesTechnologies of the futureConclusion

History of computers:ENIAC:

Mainframe

Midrange computers

Personal computer

Wireless technology

Data CollectionData Analysis and ReportingStatistical AnalysisProcess ControlTest and InspectionSystem Design

The Quality Functions needs served by the computer are

IT systems best accomplish the collection, utilization, and dissemination of quality control information.

Computers are best possible solution to collect data, since they provide:Faster data TransmissionFewer ErrorsLower Collection Cost

Data Collection

Data transmission to computers is performed by:Paper or magnetic tape, Optical character

Recognition (OCR), Wireless Transmission, Keyboard, Voice, Facial, Direct interface with a process.

Since Computers have limited storage so Quality control data are periodically analyzed to determine the data to retain, or send to another method, or destroyed.

Cont.

Information is Analyzed, reduced to a meaningful amount, and disseminated in the form of a report.

Reports generated by the computers help in controlling the quality of the systems e.g. Fraud Management System (FMS). Such analyzed and refined data in the form of reports can continuously improve processes.

Data Analysis, Reduction and Reporting

Data can also be analyzed while being accumulated.

Corrective measures can be taken in real time.

A New York team developed fraud detection system. Saved about $5 to $8 millions per year by reducing the time to detect the fraud.

Cont.

Business Intelligence (BI) works on the principle data analysis and reporting.

These systems help organizations in future decision making and quality control process.

Data analysis and reporting from MS Excel to large data ware houses improves the quality of processes.

Cont.

Most of the statistical techniques can be easily programmed providing error free calculations and saving considerable calculation time.

MS Excel uses very sophisticated statistical analysis technique “ANOVA”.

Software packages encapsulate the statistical methods thus improving the quality of data analysis.

Statistical Analysis

Advantages of Programmed statistical software packages are:Saving time spent on manual calculations.Accurate analysis can be performed to

maintain process controlPeople with limited knowledge of Advanced

statistics can perform their own statistical analysis.

Cont.

Digital Computers can perform automated process control by operating through interfaces with other machines. Robots are designed and programmed to achieve such goals.

The benefits obtained from automatic process control are:Constant Product Quality, increased

productivity, safe process execution.

Process Control

It is similar to process control.It offers improved test quality, lower

operating cost, better report preparation, improved accuracy, malfunctioning diagnostics.

Automated test systems can be programmed to perform a complete quality audit of a product

Test and Inspection

The software packages are providing integrated, sophisticated, and user friendly interfaces for the quality functions.

Some of the softwares that provide integrated quality functions are:MIS (Management Information Systems)ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)HRIS (Human Resource Information Systems)

System Design

Internet and other Electronic CommunicationIntranetInstant MessagingVideo ConferencingVirtual TeamingE-LearningE-GovernmentE-CommerceBusiness-to-BusinessBusiness-to-CustomerWebsite Designing

Intranet

An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise.

Uses Internet protocol and network connectivity.

Information is shared with in the organization using Local Area Network.

Instant Messaging

Allows for "instant" communications between people.

The text is conveyed via computers connected over a network such as internet.

This can save time and money as you can resolve questions or problems immediately.

Video ConferencingIt is a remote conferenceVideo conferencing increase productivity.Video Conferencing Saves Money.Video Conferencing Saves Time.

Virtual TeamingVirtual teams are a great way to enable

teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same physical office at the same time.

Virtual team uses a combination of internet, email instant messaging pc to pc connections, shared computer screens, and linked databases.

Virtual TeamThe existence of standards for availability

and acknowledgementThe reliability of electronic communicationsThe existence of performance metricsProcess definition, maturity, and alignmentThe existence of corporate memory systems

E-LearningE-learning is a type of education where the

medium of instruction is computer technology.

It is offered in a variety of formats such as CD-ROM-based, LAN-based, Web-based.

Some other terms frequently interchanged with e-Learningonline learning online education distance education distance learning technology-based trainingweb-based training computer-based training

(generally thought of as learning from a CD-ROM)

e-Learning is a broad term used to describe learning done at a computer.

Benefits of E-Learning for organizationReduced overall cost.Learning times reduced.Increased retention.Consistent delivery.Expert knowledge.Proof of completion and certification.

E-GovernmentE-government is the use of information and

communications technologies. providing greater access to government information;

promoting civic engagement making government more accountable by

making its operations more transparentproviding development opportunities,

especially benefiting rural and traditionally underserved communities.

E-CommerceElectronic commerce or ecommerce is a term

for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet.

Business-to-BusinessB2B applications were proprietary

systems using private networks, but they were not economically feasible for small businesses.

Wall-mart and Kmart are best examples.

B2B via internet is expected to grow rapidly because of

Low cost entry and operational costs.Global reach with its large number of trading

partners.The benefits of reduced cycle time, product

cost savings and improved B2B coordination.

Business-to-CustomerIt is the electronic transmission of buyer

seller transactions and related information between individual end and customers and one or more businesses.

Both buyers and sellers mutually get benefited.

Website DesigningDesigning a good website is no different than

designing good product or service.

LeadershipKnowledgeable and effective leaders are

extremely important in determining whether technology use will improve the organization.

The major issues are Responses to change Effective use of technology

Customer Satisfaction benchmarkingOne way to benchmark is to periodically

touch base with the competitor’s customers.

Asking ourselves a question- “ How satisfied are my customers”

Employee InvolvementThey must be involved in decisions and

actions.It is neither a goal nor a tool, it is a

management and leadership philosophy about how employees are enabled to contribute to continuous improvement of the organization.

Issues are ..SufficiencyAccuracyTimelinessIntellectual PropertySecurityCybercrimePrivacy PollutionCreativityControl & Prevention

SufficiencyDate & information is easy to obtain.

There is a need to find appropriate information.

AccuracyData accuracy is the foundation dimension of

data quality.Accuracy refers to whether the data correctly

records the business project or event it represents.

Complete, accurate, and reliable data are essential for effective decision-making. 

Employees need to make every effort in order to keep the data accurate.

TimelinessIt is important that information is received in

a timely manner, so that the organization can compete.

It is critical to product and service design time.

Examples of timeliness are Instant message Video Conferencing

Cont..Data delayed is data denied.The timeliness of data is extremely

important. For example,Customers service providing up-to date

information to the customers.Credit system checking on the credit card

account activity.

Intellectual PropertyIt is any innovation, commercial, or any

unique name, symbol, logo or design used commercially.

It is protected byPatents or inventionsTrademarks on branding devicesTrade secrets for methods or formulas having

economic value and used commercially.

SecurityThere are two major security issues-

Access SecurityTransaction SecurityAccess Security Control of access to a computer that is

physically connected to the internet.• Firewalls can be used as access security.

Cont..

Transaction Security Control of given communication such as

business transaction to ensure that it is not violated.

The data is encrypted in various techniques.

CybercrimeAuction fraud, Credit card fraud, & Identity

theft.

Law enforcement lacks cybercrime training and has jurisdictional problems when parties are in different towns, states, or countries; and there aren’t enough personnel.

PrivacyAdvances in technology have greatly

expanded the ability to acquire private and confidential information.

Major concern for protecting consumers personnel information such as SSN, bank account numbers, creditors, investments, mortgages, and credit card numbers.

PollutionThere is too much outdated information on

the Internet. Two million web pages are added per day.

Plenty of information available on the search engines.

Competition between the search engines makes the information available faster and better.

CreativityTake old information and draw insights and

conclusions to invent, innovate, or conceptualize new systems, products, or services.

New knowledge, which is the highest form of information technology.

Control and PreventionThe control and prevention of quality

problems associated with information technology will be similar to any product or service.

You can implement principles from TQM, ISO 9000, and FMEA to help control and prevent quality problems with information technology.

3G3G is the third generation of tele standards

and technology for mobile networking. 3G services include wide area voice telephony, video calls and broad band wireless data, all in a mobile environment. This shows how the technology advances day to day and the companies strive to provide good quality to their customers and quality service.

Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence has been the subject of

breath taking optimism.AI has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery, video games and toys. A common theme in science fiction, AI is often portrayed as a burgeoning force vying for power against humanity as in: The Terminator, The Matrix, Colossus: the Forbin Project or Eagle Eye

E-bookAn e book is an electronic book equivalent of

a conventional printed book. The display will show high resolution text, pictures and video. Any document on the internet will be accessible and pages will be turned on or located by voice command. Many mobile phones can also be used to read e-books.

Cont..E-books have seen good growth in Japan

throughout the 2000s and it currently has an e-book market worth ¥10 billion. This shows how the customers are satisfied with the new technology that is very useful to them.

Advantages of e-book are An e-book can automatically open at the last

read page.It is easier for authors to self-publish e-books.Font size and font face can be adjusted.

Some of the disadvantages of e-book areA small book is easier to carry around (less

mass and volume) than an e-book.E-book readers can malfunction due to faults

in hardware or software, such as hard disk drive failure.

E-book readers are more likely to be stolen than paper books.

Virtual e-commerceVirtual e commerce is online shopping on

internet. The customer will access the shop usually via internet.

Let customers experience a product before it is purchased.

From big screen TV to tiny TVTiny TV is a screen that is no bigger than a

half an inch wide but which promises to pack a cinematic punch.

The technology is embedded in a pair of glasses that plugs into a smart phone or laptop.

They are “energy miserly” which means they are not a drain on devices that can last for hours.

Cont..The technology behind the glasses is called

organic light emitting diode, a cutting edge technology that does not need a black light to work and is very thinner than LCD panel.

This is a fantastic way of carrying a very small piece of equipment with you and getting an almost cinema like experience.

The technologies in future makes our lives better and happy which leads to growth of unemployment by using machines every where.

ConclusionInformation technology has played an

immensely powerful role in today’s communicating world. It has evolved communication among organizations and has improved the overall Quality of products and services.

History of Internet