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Information BaseQoIhasQuality
ContextAppDomainCntx
name: stringdescription: URLstandardName: stringstandardDescription: URL
QoISpatialCntxAttrname: stringlowerBound: QoIMetricupperBound: QoIMetric
QoITemporalCntxAttrname: stringlowerBound: intupperBound: int
QoIBaseAttrname: string
QoIQualifier
QoI attributesQoI attributes A
1 1
The base QoI metadata model
Annual Conference of ITAAnnual Conference of ITAACITA 2009ACITA 2009
Building Principles for a Quality of Information Specification for Sensor-originated Information
The end-to-end information flow
App_i needs information items: α, β, γ, and δ; it receives: α’, γ’, and δ’
App_i needs information items: α, β, γ, and δ; it receives: α’, γ’, and δ’
Networks of data sources
Networks of fusion, processing and intermediary decision centers
CommNets
?
Networks of end-users
α β γ δ
δ‘γ'α'
app_i
• On-demand, just-in-time deployment of sensor-enabled applications requires creation of elaborate sensor-based services with on-the-fly, dynamic binding capabilities to available data/sensor and communication resources
• QoI can play central role in indexing/searching these sensor-based services
QoI for sensor information
• The world comprises objects and linkages between these objects
• The “world state vector” (wsv) describes the world as a function of time
• Elements of the wsv are inferred using data sources
• Information is the estimated value wsv elements
x1={ location, velocity, type, allegiance}
x2={ location, velocity, type, allegiance}
information gathering
information processing
information distribution
information: estimate of object state(s) xQoI: collection of information attributes:
accuracy, latency, provenance
information: estimate of object state(s) xQoI: collection of information attributes:
accuracy, latency, provenance
information delivery
x3={ location, direction, strength, allegiance}
QoI?
sensor nodes
Information + Metadata
Information’ + Metadata’
Information’ + Metadata’
Information + QoI MetadataInformation
AnnotationOperator
Information
Modifier Operator
Information + Metadata
Fusion Operator
Information + Metadata
Information + Metadata
Information + QoI Metadata
Information + QoI Metadata
QoI Annotator
VoI Annotator
• Information flows and processed during its end-to-end journey
derivedmetadata(mtd(ym))
;;
derivedinfo(yn)
metadata(mtd(xm))
info (xm)
Object processorObject
processor
local or remote repositories where metadata maybe retrieved from or stored to for future use
local or remote repositories where metadata maybe retrieved from or stored to for future use
… …
… …
m incomingdata objects
n outgoingdata objects
metadata(mtd(x))
info (x)
An information objectAn information object
metadata(mtd(x1))
info (x1)derived
metadata(mtd(y1))
derivedinfo (y1)
Information operators
• Shooter localization through a collection of acoustic sensor arrays
• The information product produced comprises the “shooter state:– Shooter location– Direction of shooting
LocationAppQoIIntegrityowner: StringsensorModel: StringsensorPower: String
LocationAppQoIAccuracysnr: realrange: realtemporalResolution: real
LocationAppInformationshooterPosition: CoordinateshooterDirection: CoordinatereportTime: double
QoIAccuracyAttr QoIIntegrityAttrInformation
DOAalgorithm(s)
TDOAalgorithm(s)
localizationalgorithm(s)
spectra
location
time
shooter location(bearing)
shooter location(bearing & range)
shooter location(Cartesian co-ordinates)
A shooter localization example
QoI is…
• Mixture of inherent and context-dependent properties of quality complicates progress
• Quality vs. Value of Information
• Quality of Information (QoI)– The body of evidence (described by
information quality attributes) used to make judgments about the fitness (or, utility) of information
• Value of information (VoI) – The utility of the information when
used in a specific application context
VoIVoI
QoIQoI
“holistic” view of QoI“holistic” view of QoI
“separable” view of QoI“separable” view of QoI
assessment inapp-context
inherent qualityattributes
VoIVoIVoIVoIApp_1
App_2 App_N
• Has been studied within the context of data collected and maintained by large industrial and governmental information technology systems– Quality attributes: Consistency, syntactic/semantic accuracy, timeliness/currency/volatility
Chatschik Bisdikian Lance M. Kaplan Mani B. Srivastava David J. Thornley Dinesh Verma Robert I. YoungIBM Research, US ARL, US UCLA, US Imperial College, UK IBM Research, US Dstl, UK