Ingrid_McBride

7/31/2019 Ingrid_McBride

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Bluetooth Wireless TechnologyBluetooth Wireless Technology

for Communication Accessfor Communication Access

Ingrid McBride,Ingrid McBride,Au.DAu.D., CCC-A., CCC-A

Clinical Associate ProfessorClinical Associate ProfessorArizona State UniversityArizona State University


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THE GOAL: COMMUNICATIONTHE GOAL: COMMUNICATION

ACCESSIBILITYACCESSIBILITY Even with the arsenal of HA/CIEven with the arsenal of HA/CI

technology available today, many peopletechnology available today, many people

need alternative technologies toneed alternative technologies tosupplement the hearing aid or CIsupplement the hearing aid or CI

Consider problems of noise &Consider problems of noise &

reverberationreverberation Consider distance from sound sourceConsider distance from sound source


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Assistive Listening DevicesAssistive Listening Devices

Goal:Goal:

Improve SNR picking up the signalImprove SNR picking up the signal

directly from or close to the sound sourcedirectly from or close to the sound source

Increases the loudness of specific sounds onlyIncreases the loudness of specific sounds only

Minimizes background noiseMinimizes background noise

Eliminates distance between the speaker and theEliminates distance between the speaker and thelistenerlistener

Eliminates reverberation (echo)Eliminates reverberation (echo)


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TYPE OFTYPE OFALDsALDs

Principle ofPrinciple ofremote microphone placementremote microph

one placement

oror direct connectiondirect connectionto the sound source isto the sound source is

common to all typescommon to all types Difference between types is theDifference between types is the means ofmeans of

signal transmissionsign

al transmission

HardwiredHardwired

WirelessWireless


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Signal-to-noise ratio advantageSignal-to-noise ratio advantage

SpeechSpeechSpeechSpeech SpeechSpeech SpeechSpeech

SPEECHSPEECHNOISENOISENOISENOISENOISENOISE

SpeechSpeech SpeechSpeech SpeechSpeech

NOISENOISE

NOISE

SPEECHSPEECH


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Wireless TechnologyWireless Technology

FMFM

InfraredInfrared

Induction LoopInduction Loop

Primary advantages

Primary advantages

Remote microphone placement or DAI connectionRemote microphone placement or DAI connectiontransmits signals directly from the source to HA/CItransmits signals directly from the source to HA/CI

Overcomes noise, distance, reverberationOvercomes noise, distance, reverberation

Increased signal-to-noise ratioIncreased signal-to-noise ratioup to 20 dBup to 20 dB

NONOcords/wires between transmitter & receivercords/wires between transmitter & receiver

BUTBUTstill have cords between device and transmitterstill have cords between device and transmitter


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BackgroundBackground

YETYET..there is..there isminimal use ofminimal use ofALDsALDs

in the adultin the adultpopulationpopulation


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Possible Reasons WhyPossible Reasons Why

Ease of Use of DevicesEase of Use of Devices ((Jerger et al, 1996Jerger et al, 1996))

Cost of devicesCost of devices ((FabryFabry et al, 2007)et al, 2007)

Lack ofLack ofconsiderable counseling,considerable counseling,instruction and coachinginstruction and coachingre: FM usere: FM use((BoothroydBoothroyd, 2003), 2003)

Cosmetics and intrusivenessCosmetics and intrusiveness ((FabryFabry et al, 2007)et al, 2007)

Lack of clear cut criteria for determiningLack of clear cut criteria for determiningdevice candidacydevice candidacy ((FabryFabry et al, 2007)et al, 2007)


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MarkeTrakMarkeTrakVI ResultsVI Results ((KochkinKochkin, 2002), 2002)


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User SatisfactionUser Satisfaction

KochkinKochkin (2005) reported that hearing aid users rate the(2005) reported that hearing aid users rate theuse of mobile phones in conjunction with their hearinguse of mobile phones in conjunction with their hearingaids as one of the top 3 most troubling situations theyaids as one of the top 3 most troubling situations they

face, with only 59% of all users reporting acceptableface, with only 59% of all users reporting acceptableconditions in this scenario.conditions in this scenario. FeedbackFeedback NoiseNoise InterferenceInterference Lack of clarity and loudnessLack of clarity and loudness

ANSI C63.19 - standard for hearing instrument/cellANSI C63.19 - standard for hearing instrument/cellphone compatibilityphone compatibility Ratings predict compatibility of a given hearing aid/cell phoneRatings predict compatibility of a given hearing aid/cell phone

combinationcombination


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Installed base of BT devicesInstalled base of BT devices


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What is Bluetooth?What is Bluetooth? Radio-based technology that permits short-rangeRadio-based technology that permits short-range

wireless mobilitywireless mobilitydigital FMdigital FM Allows devices to communicate and transfer informationAllows devices to communicate and transfer information

wirelessly through personal area networkswirelessly through personal area networks

Cable Replacement Technology: Replaces cablesCable Replacement Technology: Replaces cables

connecting portable and/or fixed electronic devicesconnecting portable and/or fixed electronic devices AdvantagesAdvantages

RobustnessRobustness

Low powerLow power

Low costLow cost SecuritySecurity

PortabilityPortability

Multiple users can be in the same room using BTMultiple users can be in the same room using BT


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FM vs. Bluetooth Frequency BandsFM vs. Bluetooth Frequency Bands

Globally operates on theGlobally operates on the unlicensed,unlicensed,Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM), lowIndustrial Scientific Medical (ISM), lowpowerpower microwave band amicrowave band at 2.400 GHt 2.400 GHz -z -

2.48 GHz.2.48 GHz.

Dedicated FM

216-217 MHz


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Bluetooth ConnectivityBluetooth Connectivity Allows wirelessAllows wireless

connectivity andconnectivity anddata/audio exchangedata/audio exchangebetween multiplebetween multipleBluetooth-enabledBluetooth-enableddevicesdevices

Cell phonesCell phones

TelephonesTelephones

MP3 playersMP3 players

PDAsPDAs

Lap topLap topcomputers/PCscomputers/PCs

PrintersPrinters

GPS receiversGPS receivers

Digital camerasDigital cameras

CarsCars BT adapters for non-BT adapters for non-

BT devicesBT devices

Video game consolesVideo game consoles


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Why is it called Bluetooth?Why is it called Bluetooth?

Named after the 10th Century Danish VikingNamed after the 10th Century Danish Vikingking,king, HaraldHarald Bltand known for his unificationBltand known for his unificationof warring tribes from Denmark includingof warring tribes from Denmark includingSkneSkne (present day Sweden)(present day Sweden)

Bltand translated into English becomeBltand translated into English becomeBluetoothBluetooth

Selected by Bluetooth developers originally asSelected by Bluetooth developers originally asa code name for the project but it stuck as thea code name for the project but it stuck as the

official nameofficial name Like its namesake, Bluetooth is intended toLike its namesake, Bluetooth is intended to

unify tunify the many electronic devices marketed byhe many electronic devices marketed bythe telecommunication and computingthe telecommunication and computing

industriesindustries


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BluetoothBluetoothWireless TechnologyWireless Technology

BluetoothBluetoothtechnology can betechnology can be uniuni-directional or-directional orbi-directional and does not require line-of-sightbi-directional and does not require line-of-sightpositioning of connected devicespositioning of connected devices BluetoothBluetoothwireless technology is able to penetratewireless technology is able to penetrate

solid objectssolid objects

Point-to-point technologyPoint-to-point technology Communication between devices is directCommunication between devices is direct

Use limited to paired devicesUse limited to paired devices


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Bluetooth RelationshipsBluetooth Relationships

A Bluetooth-enabled device can connect toA Bluetooth-enabled device can connect toother Bluetooth-enabled devices in proximityother Bluetooth-enabled devices in proximity

BT symbol verifies device is BT-enabledBT symbol verifies device is BT-enabled

Any time a BT link is formed, it is within theAny time a BT link is formed, it is within thecontext of acontext of a Personal Area NetworkPersonal Area Network(PAN) or(PAN) orPiconetPiconet.. Short range, ad hoc networkShort range, ad hoc network

PiconetsPiconets are established dynamically andare established dynamically andautomatically as BT-enabled devices enter andautomatically as BT-enabled devices enter andleave radio proximityleave radio proximity


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Bluetooth RelationshipsBluetooth Relationships

A Piconet consists of Master and SlaveA Piconet consists of Master and Slavedevicesdevices One device functions as the master; devicesOne device functions as the master; devices

connected to it function as slaves.connected to it function as slaves. Master sets up and controls theMaster sets up and controls the

communication between the twocommunication between the two

All traffic must pass through the masterAll traffic must pass through the master Slave receives incoming signals and sendsSlave receives incoming signals and sends

responses back to the masterresponses back to the master


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The Bluetooth network topologyThe Bluetooth network topology PiconetPiconet

ad hoc network groupad hoc network groupof up to 8 devicesof up to 8 devices

Data can beData can betransferred betweentransferred between

the master and onethe master and oneother deviceother device

Devices can switchDevices can switchroles and the slaveroles and the slave

can become thecan become themastermaster

ScatternetScatternet

2 or more2 or more piconetspiconets

connected togetherconnected together


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Bluetooth BasicsBluetooth Basics

Uses radio frequency technology calledUses radio frequency technology calledFrequency Hopping Spread SpectrumFrequency Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS)(FHSS)

The signalThe signalhopshopsamong various frequenciesamong various frequencieswithin the band; combats interference and fadingwithin the band; combats interference and fading

Reduces interference between wirelessReduces interference between wirelesstechnologies sharing the 2.4 GHz spectrumtechnologies sharing the 2.4 GHz spectrum

Ensures that large numbers of devices canEnsures that large numbers of devices cancoexist in a small area without the need forcoexist in a small area without the need for

manual selection of frequency channelsmanual selection of frequency channels A physical radio channel is shared by a groupA physical radio channel is shared by a group

of devices that are synchronized to a commonof devices that are synchronized to a commonclock and frequency hopping patternclock and frequency hopping pattern


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Adaptive Frequency Hopping

0 1 2 78

2.400 GHz 2.485 GHz

Signal hops among 79 frequencies at 1 MHz intervals toSignal hops among 79 frequencies at 1 MHz intervals to

give a high degree of interference immunitygive a high degree of interference immunity Within the spectrum, AFH takes advantage of theWithin the spectrum, AFH takes advantage of the

available frequencyavailable frequency Detects other devices in the spectrum and avoids thoseDetects other devices in the spectrum and avoids those

frequenciesfrequencies AFH allows for more efficient transmissionAFH allows for more efficient transmission

Operating frequency bands:


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Bluetooth CompatibilityBluetooth Compatibility

Devices you want to pair must beDevices you want to pair must becompatiblecompatible

Bluetooth Core SpecificationBluetooth Core Specification howhow

the technology works (protocolthe technology works (protocolarchitecture)architecture)

Bluetooth Application ProfilesBluetooth Application Profiles totouse Bluetooth technology, a device mustuse Bluetooth technology, a device mustbe able to interpret certain Bluetoothbe able to interpret certain Bluetoothprotocols or rules; the profiles defineprotocols or rules; the profiles definethe possible applicationsthe possible applications

PasskeysPasskeys supportedsupported


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Bluetooth Core SpecificationsBluetooth Core Specifications Developed and licensed by the Bluetooth SpecialDeveloped and licensed by the Bluetooth Special

Interest Group (SIG)Interest Group (SIG) Early versions 1.0 and 1.0BEarly versions 1.0 and 1.0B

Had many problemsHad many problems

Bluetooth v1.1Bluetooth v1.1


Backward-compatibleBackward-compatible

Faster connection and discoveryFaster connection and discovery

Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum for lessAdaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum for lessRF interferenceRF interference

Higher transmission speeds-up to 721Higher transmission speeds-up to 721 kbits/skbits/s

Extended Synchronous Connections (Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCOeSCO) for) forimproved voice quality of audio linksimproved voice quality of audio links


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Bluetooth SpecificationsBluetooth Specifications

Bluetooth v2.0Bluetooth v2.0 Fully backward-compatible with 1.1Fully backward-compatible with 1.1

Introduced EDR-Enhanced Data Rate for 3Introduced EDR-Enhanced Data Rate for 3times faster data transfer (2.1times faster data transfer (2.1 Mbit/sMbit/s))

Reduced complexity of multipleReduced complexity of multiplesimultaneous connections due to additionalsimultaneous connections due to additional

bandwidthbandwidth Lower power consumption through aLower power consumption through a

reduced duty cyclereduced duty cycle


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Bluetooth SpecificationsBluetooth Specifications

Bluetooth v2.1 + EDRBluetooth v2.1 + EDRmost recent Julymost recent July 0707 Fully backward-compatible with 1.1Fully backward-compatible with 1.1 Increased strength of securityIncreased strength of security Simpler pairing of devicesSimpler pairing of devices Extended inquiry responseExtended inquiry responsemore info duringmore info during

discovery to allow better filtering of devices beforediscovery to allow better filtering of devices beforeconnection.connection.

Near Field Communication (NFC) cooperationNear Field Communication (NFC) cooperation IfIfyou have this, just by bringing 2 devices close toyou have this, just by bringing 2 devices close toeach other (a few centimeters), you create aeach other (a few centimeters), you create aconnectionconnection e.g. bringing a mobile phone to ae.g. bringing a mobile phone to acamera, uploads the photos from the phone to thecamera, uploads the photos from the phone to thecamera.camera.


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Bluetooth Application ProfilesBluetooth Application Profiles

Device used must support the appropriate BluetoothDevice used must support the appropriate Bluetoothprofile of the Bluetooth receiverprofile of the Bluetooth receiver Profiles indicate the range of applications of a deviceProfiles indicate the range of applications of a device At least 33 different profiles existAt least 33 different profiles exist

HFP Hands-free ProfileHFP Hands-free Profile

HSP Headset Profile (most common)HSP Headset Profile (most common) Provides support for BT headsets to be used with cellProvides support for BT headsets to be used with cell

phonesphones Phone must support HFP or Headset HSP profilePhone must support HFP or Headset HSP profile

A2DP Advanced Audio Distribution ProfileA2DP Advanced Audio Distribution Profile High-end audio profile with broader bandwidth andHigh-end audio profile with broader bandwidth and

stereo capabilitiesstereo capabilities Defines how high quality audio (stereo or mono) canDefines how high quality audio (stereo or mono) can

be streamedbe streamed

Required to listen to music from an MP3 playerRequired to listen to music from an MP3 player


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Bluetooth CommunicationBluetooth Communication

To work, devices mustTo work, devices must find each otherfind each otherbefore communicationbefore communicationbetween thembetween themoccursoccurs

Terminology is non-standardized; also knownTerminology is non-standardized; also knownas: marrying, shaking, connecting, seeking,as: marrying, shaking, connecting, seeking,bonding, identifying, linking and acceptingbonding, identifying, linking and accepting

During a connection between BT devices, anDuring a connection between BT devices, an

exchange of unique BT identity (global ID)exchange of unique BT identity (global ID)takes placetakes place

Device name (48-bit address)Device name (48-bit address)

Device classDevice class

List of services or profilesList of services or profiles


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Bluetooth PairingBluetooth Pairing Getting two Bluetooth devices to communicate is aGetting two Bluetooth devices to communicate is a

three-step procedure:three-step procedure:

DiscoveryDiscovery process enables devices to find each otherprocess enables devices to find each other

PairingPairing is a one-time process that creates a private linkis a one-time process that creates a private link

between two devices for secure communicationbetween two devices for secure communication Unites them with a password or passkeyUnites them with a password or passkey

Creates a PANCreates a PAN

ConnectingConnecting allows the paired devices to actuallyallows the paired devices to actually

transfer informationtransfer information Connecting is done on a regular basisConnecting is done on a regular basis

Master must be turned on firstMaster must be turned on first


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Operating RangeOperating Range

BluetoothBluetoothwireless technology can operatewireless technology can operateover a distance of 10 meters or 100 metersover a distance of 10 meters or 100 metersdepending on thedepending on the BluetoothBluetoothdevice class.device class.

Class 3Class 3: ~1 meter or 3 feet: ~1 meter or 3 feet

Max permitted power 1Max permitted power 1 mWmW Class 2Class 2: ~10 meters or 33 feet: ~10 meters or 33 feet

Max permitted power 2.5Max permitted power 2.5 mWmW

Most commonly found in mobile devices and rechargeableMost commonly found in mobile devices and rechargeabledevicesdevices

Class 1Class 1: ~100 meters or 300 feet: ~100 meters or 300 feet Max permitted power 100Max permitted power 100 mWmW

Used primarily in industrial use casesUsed primarily in industrial use cases


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Bluetooth Interfaces withBluetooth Interfaces with HAsHAs

Bluetooth requires no connection betweenBluetooth requires no connection betweenBluetooth-enabled devices and BluetoothBluetooth-enabled devices and Bluetoothtransceivertransceiver

Bluetooth transceivers cannot yet be integratedBluetooth transceivers cannot yet be integrateddirectly into hearing aidsdirectly into hearing aids Power consumptionPower consumption Size of componentsSize of components

Use in hearing aids requires a secondaryUse in hearing aids requires a secondaryperipheral device called aperipheral device called a Gateway deviceGatewaydevice

Most devices use the BT relay in a bi-Most devices use the BT relay in a bi-directional modedirectional mode


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Bluetooth Chips 2000 - 2006Bluetooth Chips 2000 - 2006

Yantz and Preves, 2007


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Bluetooth connectivity withBluetooth connectivity with

Hearing AidsHearing Aidscurrent approachescurrent approachesBT to FM relay FM receiver DAI boot HA

BT Receiver Inductor HA Telecoil

BT Receiver DAI to HA

BT to NFMI relay NFMI HA receiver

Adapted from Yantz and Preves, 2007

e.g. Phonak SmartLink

e.g. Artone BT neckloop, MaxIT BT neckloop, Beetle H2-

ST

e.g. GNResound Azure BT accessory

e.g. Oticon Streamer, Phonak iCom andSiemens Tek

Wi l h l i B i i


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Wireless technologies: Basic comparisonWireless technologies: Basic comparison

HighHighLowLowLowLowMediumMediumInterferenceInterference

susceptibilitysusceptibility

10 ms (HSP)

> 100 ms> 100 ms(A2DP)(A2DP)

3.4 kHz (HDP)3.4 kHz (HDP)

10 kHz (A2DP)10 kHz (A2DP)

< 33< 33

HighHigh

2.4 GHz2.4 GHz

Depends on groupDepends on group

delay in HAdelay in HA

< 2 ms< 2 msLatencyLatency

(delay)(delay)

Depends onDepends ontelecoiltelecoil responseresponse

7.5 kHz7.5 kHzAudioAudiobandwidthbandwidth

Several cmSeveral cm> 100-150> 100-150RangeRange

LowLowHighHighPowerPowerconsumptionconsumption

N/AN/A72-76 MHz72-76 MHz

oror216216217217MHzMHz

RadioRadio

FrequencyFrequency

Dedicated FM Bluetooth NMFI Telecoil


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Bluetooth via InductionBluetooth via Induction

Unlike traditional inductionUnlike traditional induction neckloopsneckloops andandsilhouettes, these devices require no connectionsilhouettes, these devices require no connectionbetween the phone and the headbetween the phone and the head

Can be used withCan be used with telecoiltelecoil-equipped hearing aids-equipped hearing aidsor cochlear implantsor cochlear implants

Advantages: lower cost, ease of useAdvantages: lower cost, ease of use Disadvantage:Disadvantage:

Increased chance of picking up electromagneticIncreased chance of picking up electromagneticinterference in addition to radio frequencyinterference in addition to radio frequencyinterferenceinterference

TelecoilTelecoil-response influences how person ultimately-response influences how person ultimatelyhearshears


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Artone Bluetooth InductionArtone Bluetooth Induction

NeckloopNeckloop Amplified inductive neckAmplified inductive neck

loop and Bluetoothloop and Bluetoothtransceiver with built-intransceiver with built-inmicrophone andmicrophone andinterchangeable coloredinterchangeable coloredfaceplatesfaceplates

Wireless connectivityWireless connectivitybetween HA/CI and cellbetween HA/CI and cellphone, computer orphone, computer or

other Bluetooth-enabledother Bluetooth-enableddevicedevice

Single multi-functionSingle multi-functionbutton to answer/endbutton to answer/endcallscalls

Volume controlVolume control


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Artone Bluetooth InductionArtone Bluetooth Induction

NeckloopNeckloop SpecificationsSpecifications


Supports Headset HSP and Hands-free HFPSupports Headset HSP and Hands-free HFP

Passkey: 0000Passkey: 0000

Rechargeable Lithium-ion batteryRechargeable Lithium-ion battery Talk time: up to 8 hoursTalk time: up to 8 hours

Standby time: up to 240 hoursStandby time: up to 240 hours

USB charger cable; car charger adapterUSB charger cable; car charger adapter Class 2 Operating rangeClass 2 Operating range

Cost: $165.00Cost: $165.00


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MaxIT Bluetooth InductionMaxIT Bluetooth Induction

NeckloopNeckloop Amplified Inductive neckAmplified Inductive neckloop and Bluetoothloop and Bluetoothtransceiver with built-intransceiver with built-inmicrophone andmicrophone and

interchangeable alkalineinterchangeable alkalineor re-chargeable Ni-MHor re-chargeable Ni-MHAAA batteryAAA battery

Hands-free ConnectivityHands-free Connectivitywith Bluetooth-enabledwith Bluetooth-enabled

cell phones andcell phones andcomputerscomputers

Single multi-functionSingle multi-functionbutton to answer/endbutton to answer/endcallscalls

Volume controlVolume control


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MaxIT Bluetooth InductionMaxIT Bluetooth Induction

NeckloopNeckloop SpecificationsSpecifications Compatible with Bluetooth v2.0 and v1.2Compatible with Bluetooth v2.0 and v1.2

Supports HSP and HFP profilesSupports HSP and HFP profiles

Passkey: 0000Passkey: 0000 Rechargeable Ni-MH batteryRechargeable Ni-MH battery

Talk time: up to 15 hoursTalk time: up to 15 hours

Standby time: up to 500 hoursStandby time: up to 500 hours

USB charger cable; car charger adapterUSB charger cable; car charger adapter

Can be used with Alkaline AAA batteriesCan be used with Alkaline AAA batteries

Class 2 Operating rangeClass 2 Operating range

Cost: $145-160.00Cost: $145-160.00


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Beetle H-2ST Bluetooth SilhouetteBeetle H-2ST Bluetooth Silhouette

and neckloopand neckloop Mini-Bluetooth lapel-clipMini-Bluetooth lapel-clip

transceiver with volumetransceiver with volumecontrolscontrols

Choice ofChoice ofinterchangeable single orinterchangeable single ordual inductiondual inductionsilhouettes or neckloopsilhouettes or neckloop

Barrel-shaped, multi-Barrel-shaped, multi-function button with built-function button with built-in microphonein microphone

Wireless connectivity toWireless connectivity toBluetooth-enable cellBluetooth-enable cellphones, computers, andphones, computers, andpersonal audio devicespersonal audio devicesthat use the stereo A2DPthat use the stereo A2DP


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Beetle H-2ST Bluetooth SilhouetteBeetle H-2ST Bluetooth Silhouette

and neckloopand neckloop SpecificationsSpecifications

Compatible with v1.2Compatible with v1.2 Supports HSP, HFP and Advanced Audio DistributionSupports HSP, HFP and Advanced Audio Distribution

(A2DP)(A2DP) Passkey: 0000Passkey: 0000 Rechargeable Lithium-ion batteryRechargeable Lithium-ion battery

Talk time: up to 4 hoursTalk time: up to 4 hours Standby time: up to 70 hoursStandby time: up to 70 hours USB charger cableUSB charger cable

Class 2 Operating rangeClass 2 Operating range Cost: $159.00Cost: $159.00


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TelecoilTelecoil as the last linkas the last link

Susceptible to EM interferenceSusceptible to EM interference TelecoilTelecoil orientationorientation

For optimum reception, T-coil should point inFor optimum reception, T-coil should point in

the direction of the magnetic fieldthe direction of the magnetic field Verification ofVerification ofTelecoilTelecoil response is essentialresponse is essential ProgrammableProgrammable telecoiltelecoil is preferredis preferred Should be programmed to provide desiredShould be programmed to provide desired

responseresponse Verification ofVerification oftelecoiltelecoil response recommended!response recommended!

Coupler or real ear measuresCoupler or real ear measures Input sourceInput source

TelewandTelewand


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TelecoilTelecoil responseresponse

TelecoilTelecoil

MicMicMicMic

TelecoilTelecoil

TelecoilTelecoil response when ptresponse when ptarrivedarrived

TelecoilTelecoil response afterresponse afterprogrammingprogramming

Bluetooth via DAIBluetooth via DAI


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Bluetooth via DAIBluetooth via DAIGN Resound AzureGN Resound Azure

BT wireless headset accessoryBT wireless headset accessory

For use with Azure AZ 60For use with Azure AZ 60models onlymodels only

Clips onto the bottom of theClips onto the bottom of thehearing aidhearing aid

Stays off while connected untilStays off while connected untilphone ringsphone rings

Answer call by pushing buttonAnswer call by pushing buttonon headset or on phoneon headset or on phone

Hearing aid automaticallyHearing aid automaticallyturns off externalturns off external micmic andandturns on cell phoneturns on cell phone micmic

AvailableAvailable ONLYONLYin Europe!in Europe!


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GN Resound AzureGN Resound Azure


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Bluetooth gatewayBluetooth gateway A Bluetooth gateway is a small body-worn BTA Bluetooth gateway is a small body-worn BT

transceiver that can detect short-wave radio signalstransceiver that can detect short-wave radio signalsfrom Bluetooth-enabled devicesfrom Bluetooth-enabled devices

Converts the signal into another format forConverts the signal into another format for

retransmission to the hearing aidretransmission to the hearing aid All permit bi-directional transfer of audio communicationAll permit bi-directional transfer of audio communication

Frequency Modulation (FM)Frequency Modulation (FM) PhonakPhonakSmartLinkSmartLink

Requires FM receiver attached to hearing aidRequires FM receiver attached to hearing aid

Digitally modulated near-field magnetic induction (NFMI)Digitally modulated near-field magnetic induction (NFMI) OticonOticonStreamerStreamer

PhonakPhonakiComiCom

SiemensSiemens TekTek

Sends signal to NFMI equipped hearing aidsSends signal to NFMI equipped hearing aids


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NFMINFMI

Near-Field Magnetic CommunicationNear-Field Magnetic Communication Proprietary wireless technology developed, patentedProprietary wireless technology developed, patented

and licensed by Aura Communications.and licensed by Aura Communications. NFMI communicates wirelessly by coupling a low power,NFMI communicates wirelessly by coupling a low power,

non-propagating, quasi-static magnetic field betweennon-propagating, quasi-static magnetic field between

devicesdevices Works on the principle of magnetic inductionWorks on the principle of magnetic induction

A magnetic field is generated on a carrier frequency andA magnetic field is generated on a carrier frequency anddigitally modulateddigitally modulated

Receiver circuitry in the HA demodulates this signalReceiver circuitry in the HA demodulates this signal

Communication can be 2-way and the signal can be encoded forCommunication can be 2-way and the signal can be encoded forsecuritysecurity

Creates a weak magnetic bubble of 4 to 6 feet inCreates a weak magnetic bubble of 4 to 6 feet indiameter in which it worksdiameter in which it works Ensures secure encoded communication and reducedEnsures secure encoded communication and reduced

susceptibility to interferencesusceptibility to interference


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NFMI advantagesNFMI advantages

Magnetic communication is not blocked or reflected byMagnetic communication is not blocked or reflected byobjects, it is free from the interference, nulls and fadesobjects, it is free from the interference, nulls and fadesthat are frequently an issue with RF solutions.that are frequently an issue with RF solutions.

Extremely small componentsExtremely small components The entire NFMI receiver is implemented in silicon on the HAThe entire NFMI receiver is implemented in silicon on the HAss

integrated circuit and is small enough to fit inside custom HAsintegrated circuit and is small enough to fit inside custom HAs

Lower Power consumption than BT: about 100Lower Power consumption than BT: about 100nanowattsnanowatts Increases power consumption by only 10%Increases power consumption by only 10%

Range:Range: 1 meters1 meters

Frequency: 10 to 15 MHz.Frequency: 10 to 15 MHz.


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PhonakPhonakSmartLinkSmartLink BT-to-FM relayBT-to-FM relay 3 solutions in one device3 solutions in one device

FM transmitter with 3FM transmitter with 3 micmicmodesmodes

HA remote controlHA remote control Bluetooth transceiver forBluetooth transceiver for

mobile phone usemobile phone use

Uses 2 technologiesUses 2 technologies

Not a direct BT signalNot a direct BT signal Converts BT to FM signalConverts BT to FM signal

which is not securewhich is not secure


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PhonakPhonakSmartLinkSmartLink SpecificationsSpecifications

Bluetooth Core v1.1Bluetooth Core v1.1 Supports Bluetooth profilesSupports Bluetooth profiles

HFP and HSPHFP and HSP

Class 2 operating rangeClass 2 operating range For practical use with cell phones ONLYFor practical use with cell phones ONLY

Quality poor for audioQuality poor for audio Uses protected code: 1234 and not universal codeUses protected code: 1234 and not universal code

of 0000of 0000 Can be connected to only 1 BT device at a timeCan be connected to only 1 BT device at a time

Have to disconnect 1Have to disconnect 1stst BT device in order to pairBT device in order to pairwith another BT-enabled devicewith another BT-enabled device


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Only works with PhonakOnly works with PhonakNaidaNaida andand ExeliaExelia BTEBTEhearing aids andhearing aids and ExeliaExeliaFS/HS/ITC custom aidsFS/HS/ITC custom aids DoesnDoesnt work witht work with

petite custom aidspetite custom aids Neckloop serves asNeckloop serves as

antennaantenna Uses Digital CodedUses Digital Coded

Induction technology orInduction technology or

NFMI to stream signal toNFMI to stream signal tohearing aidshearing aids EZBluetoothEZBluetooth permitspermits

adjustable gain increaseadjustable gain increasefor the streamed signalfor the streamed signal

and HAand HA micmic attenuationattenuation


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PhonakPhonakiComiCom SpecificationsSpecifications

Class 2-operating rangeClass 2-operating range


Bluetooth profilesBluetooth profilessupportedsupported

HSP, HFP, A2DP 1.0HSP, HFP, A2DP 1.0

Passkey: 0000Passkey: 0000

Max 8 simultaneous pairedMax 8 simultaneous paireddevicesdevices

Rechargeable Lithium-ionRechargeable Lithium-ionbatterybattery

5 hours BT streaming5 hours BT streaming

Standby up to 30 hoursStandby up to 30 hours

11 hours audio11 hours audiostreaming via cablestreaming via cable

10 hours streaming via10 hours streaming viaFM systemFM system

Oticon StreamerOticon Streamer


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Oticon StreamerOticon Streamer Bluetooth interface forBluetooth interface for

OticonOticon EpoqEpoq hearing aidshearing aids Neck worn StreamerNeck worn Streamer

receives Bluetooth orreceives Bluetooth orDAI signals and transfersDAI signals and transfersit to aids using NFMIit to aids using NFMI

NFMI technology used inNFMI technology used inOticonOticonss RISE platform isRISE platform iscalledcalled earStreamearStream Variant of NFMIVariant of NFMI 120,000 bits per120,000 bits per

secondsecond

Also functions as aAlso functions as aremote control forremote control forvolume and programvolume and programadjustmentadjustment

Max 8 paired BT devicesMax 8 paired BT devicesat one timeat one time

Oti StOti St


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Oticon StreamerOticon Streamer Bluetooth complianceBluetooth compliance

Version 2.0Version 2.0 Supports all relevantSupports all relevant

Bluetooth profilesBluetooth profiles

Advanced AudioAdvanced AudioDistribution ProfileDistribution Profile(A2DP)(A2DP)

Headset Profile HSPHeadset Profile HSP

Hands Free ProfileHands Free ProfileHFPHFP

Passkey: 0000Passkey: 0000 Bluetooth Range: 10Bluetooth Range: 10

meters (class 2)meters (class 2)

EarStreamEarStream range: .5range: .5

metersmeters

Bluetooth

device &

Streamer

NFMI to HAs


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TekTekConnectConnectcommunicates wirelesslycommunicates wirelesslywith Siemens HA usingwith Siemens HA usingNFMI/NFMI/e2e wirelesse2e wireless Doubles as a remoteDoubles as a remote

controlcontrol 2.5 mm stereo input plug2.5 mm stereo input plug

for hardwired connectionfor hardwired connectionto audio devicesto audio devices

Works only with SiemensWorks only with SiemensPure 700 & 500 BTE RICPure 700 & 500 BTE RICand CIC, Explorer 500 Pand CIC, Explorer 500 PBTEBTE


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SiemensSiemens TekTekConnectConnect BT connectivity with cellBT connectivity with cellphones and other devicesphones and other devices

Bi-directionalBi-directional Answer/end call onAnswer/end call on TekTek

ConnectConnect

Bluetooth complianceBluetooth compliance Version 2.0Version 2.0

Bluetooth profiles supportedBluetooth profiles supported HSP, HFP, A2DP 1.0HSP, HFP, A2DP 1.0

Passkey: 0000Passkey: 0000 TekTekConnect needs to beConnect needs to be

within 1 meter or 3 feet fromwithin 1 meter or 3 feet fromthethe HAsHAs for NFMI transmissionfor NFMI transmission Recommend that it is wornRecommend that it is worn

around the neck with thearound the neck with thelanyardlanyard


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TekTekTransmitter adapterTransmitter adapterpre-paired withpre-paired with TekTekConnectConnect

Eliminates need forEliminates need forpairing; easier to usepairing; easier to use

Claims reducedClaims reducedtransmission delay ~ 65 mstransmission delay ~ 65 ms

Claims less echo, betterClaims less echo, betteraudio/video synchaudio/video synch

Use with TV, video, stereo,Use with TV, video, stereo,etcetc

2.5 mm stereo connector2.5 mm stereo connector

EachEach TekTektransmittertransmitteronly works with oneonly works with one TekTekConnectConnect

MultipleMultiple TekTektransmitterstransmittersrequires multiplerequires multiple TekTekConnect unitsConnect units


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SiemensSiemens TekTek Separate programmable programs for use withSeparate programmable programs for use with

TekTekConnect &Connect &TekTektransmittertransmitter With the exception of Program #1 (universal) canWith the exception of Program #1 (universal) can

select inputselect input TekTekTransmitterTransmitter TekTekConnect BT signalConnect BT signal Select BT +Select BT + MicMic or BT onlyor BT only SelectSelect TekTekTxTx ++ MicMic oror TekTekTxTx onlyonly Level ofLevel ofTxTx/BT versus/BT versus micmic adjustableadjustable

Signal PrioritizationSignal Prioritization Cell phone highest priorityCell phone highest priority Direct connected device 2Direct connected device 2ndnd highest priorityhighest priority TekTekTransmitterTransmitterlowest prioritylowest priority


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Bluetooth-enabled DevicesBluetooth-enabled Devicesand Adaptersand Adapters


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Bluetooth-enabled landline phoneBluetooth-enabled landline phone AT&T EP5632AT&T EP5632

5.8 GHz Bluetooth5.8 GHz BluetoothCordless telephoneCordless telephone

Pair up to 8 BluetoothPair up to 8 Bluetoothdevices; max 2 paireddevices; max 2 paired

devices connected at onedevices connected at onetimetime

Built-in answeringBuilt-in answeringmachinemachine

Very easy to pair/connectVery easy to pair/connect Permits entry of passkeyPermits entry of passkey

Compatible withCompatible with OticonOticon EpoqEpoq


SiemensSiemens TekTekConnectConnect Phonak SmartLink

Also works withAlso works with

Artone BTArtone BT neckloopneckloop;;MaxITMaxIT BTBT neckloopneckloop

Cost: $99.95Cost: $99.95


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Connection to Non Bluetooth-Connection to Non Bluetooth-Enabled DevicesEnabled Devices

BT Adapters are available forBT Adapters are available for

Non-BT cell phonesNon-BT cell phones

Landline phonesLandline phones ComputersComputers

StereosStereos

iPod/MP3 playersiPod/MP3 players TVsTVs


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Kensington Bluetooth USB dongleKensington Bluetooth USB dongle

Plug-in USB device forPlug-in USB device forlaptop or PClaptop or PC

Permits cable freePermits cable freeconnections betweenconnections between

computer and othercomputer and otherBluetooth devicesBluetooth devices Stream audio fromStream audio from

PC/laptopPC/laptop Watch DVDWatch DVD

Listen toListen to iTunesiTunes Works with:Works with:

EpoqEpoq StreamerStreamer PhonakPhonakiComiCom

SiemensSiemens TekTekConnectConnect


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Kensington Bluetooth USB dongleKensington Bluetooth USB dongle

Specifications:Specifications:

USB 2.0USB 2.0

Bluetooth v.2.0 compliant with EDRBluetooth v.2.0 compliant with EDR Class 2 operating rangeClass 2 operating range

Support Win XP, Vista and Mac OSXSupport Win XP, Vista and Mac OSX

Computer software permits entry of anyComputer software permits entry of anypasskeypasskey

Cost: $21.99 at Best BuyCost: $21.99 at Best Buy

S 8 d d


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Sony TMR BT8iP BT iPod AdapterSony TMR BT8iP BT iPod Adapter Wireless BT transmitterWireless BT transmitter

for streaming highfor streaming highquality stereo musicquality stereo musicfromfrom iPodiPod

Connects to bottom ofConnects to bottom of

iPodiPod iPodiPod classicclassic iPod miniiPod mini iPodiPod NanoNano

iPodiPod TouchTouch Compatible withCompatible with

Oticon StreamerOticon Streamer PhonakPhonakiComiCom SiemensSiemens TekTekConnectConnect


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Sony TMR BT8iP BTSony TMR BT8iP BT iPodiPod AdapterAdapter

Specifications:Specifications:

Bluetooth v2.0 + EDRBluetooth v2.0 + EDR

Profiles: A2DP, AVRCPProfiles: A2DP, AVRCP

Class 2Class 2operating rangeoperating range

Transmitter power supplied fromTransmitter power supplied from iPodiPod

Supported passkeys: 0000, 1234, 8888Supported passkeys: 0000, 1234, 8888

Cost: $76.99 at Best BuyCost: $76.99 at Best Buy

ARTONE TVBARTONE TVB


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ARTONE TVBARTONE TVB Wireless communicationWireless communication

accessory that connectsaccessory that connectsto audio sourcesto audio sources

iPodiPod

TVTV

radioradio Works with OticonWorks with Oticon

Epoch,Epoch, PhonakPhonakiComiCom,,SiemensSiemens TekTekConnectConnect

Class 2-operating rangeClass 2-operating range10 meters or 33 ft10 meters or 33 ft

Rechargeable batteryRechargeable battery

$99.00$99.00


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Jabra A7010 Bluetooth HubJabra A7010 Bluetooth Hub

Connectivity hubConnectivity hub Bluetooth enabler forBluetooth enabler for

landline phoneslandline phones Not cordlessNot cordless

Works with mostWorks with moststandard corded deskstandard corded deskphones both analog andphones both analog anddigital PBX and IPdigital PBX and IP

Compatible withCompatible with OticonOticon EpoqEpoq Artone BTArtone BT NeckloopNeckloop MaxITMaxIT BTBT NeckloopNeckloop


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Jabra A7010 Bluetooth HubJabra A7010 Bluetooth Hub

Specifications:Specifications: Bluetooth 2.0 specsBluetooth 2.0 specs

Class 2: operatingClass 2: operatingrange 10 meters or 33range 10 meters or 33ftft

Sound enhancements:Sound enhancements:Digital soundDigital soundenhancement via DSPenhancement via DSPtechnology andtechnology and eSCOeSCOBluetooth Audio LinkBluetooth Audio Link

Cost: $80.00Cost: $80.00


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Hybrid SolutionsHybrid Solutions

Mixture of technologiesMixture of technologies

Hardwired and wirelessHardwired and wireless

Hardwired Connection to Landline PhoneHardwired Connection to Landline Phone


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Hardwired Connection to Landline PhoneHardwired Connection to Landline Phone

Link landline phone toLink landline phone togateway device usinggateway device using

Radio Shack Mini-Radio Shack Mini-Recorder ControlRecorder Control

#43-1237#43-1237

Connects toConnects to micmic/aux/aux

input on transmitterinput on transmitter Mono-stereo adapterMono-stereo adapter

neededneeded

Permits wireless,Permits wireless,

binaural reception ofbinaural reception ofphone signal via gatewayphone signal via gatewaydevice in each hearing aiddevice in each hearing aid Requires that user speakRequires that user speak

into handset or headsetinto handset or headsetmicmic

Works withWorks with

PhonakPhonakSmartLinkSmartLink


SiemensSiemens TekTekConnectConnect

Does NOT work withDoes NOT work withOticonOticon EpoqEpoq

Cost: $18.00Cost: $18.00

SmartLinkSmartLink Audio Input LimitationAudio Input Limitation


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SmartLinkSmartLinkAudio Input LimitationAudio Input Limitation Adapter has direct audioAdapter has direct audio

3.5 mm input with auto3.5 mm input with autodetectiondetection If auto FM is usedIf auto FM is used

Highly dependent on levelHighly dependent on levelof input signalof input signal

If input signal drops inIf input signal drops ingain or pauses, transmittergain or pauses, transmitterreverts to FM inputreverts to FM input

Use 2.5 mmUse 2.5 mm micmic inputinput

instead if hardwiringinstead if hardwiringtransmitter to MP3transmitter to MP3player to other audioplayer to other audiodevicedevice

Mic

input

Audioinput

Ph kPh k iCiC


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3.5 mm audio jack3.5 mm audio jackpermits hardwiredpermits hardwiredconnection to audioconnection to audiodevices and wirelessdevices and wirelessconnection via NFMI toconnection via NFMI to

hearing aidshearing aids Universal DAI plug forUniversal DAI plug for

PhonakPhonakmicroMLXsmicroMLXs FMFMreceiverreceiver

EZAudioEZAudio control permitscontrol permitsadjustable gain increaseadjustable gain increasefor the streamed signalfor the streamed signaland HAand HA micmic attenuationattenuation


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Oticon StreamerOticon Streamer

Streamer has 2.5Streamer has 2.5mm audio input jackmm audio input jackfor hardwire interfacefor hardwire interfacewith other audiowith other audiosourcessources

E.g.E.g. SennheiserSennheiser 820s820s

FM systemFM system


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BT SummaryBT Summary

Variety of Bluetooth options currently existVariety of Bluetooth options currently exist

Elimination of wires is a key advantageElimination of wires is a key advantage

BT options exist that are cheaper than FM or IRBT options exist that are cheaper than FM or IR

LikeLikeALDsALDs, counseling, demonstration, education, counseling, demonstration, educationnecessary for adoption and successful use ofnecessary for adoption and successful use oftechnologytechnology

Compatibility of BT devices can be complex andCompatibility of BT devices can be complex andrequires knowledge on the part of the userrequires knowledge on the part of the user

Pairing and connection of devices can also bePairing and connection of devices can also bechallenging for some userschallenging for some users

BT SBT Summary


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BT SummaryBT Summary

Operating range much shorter than FMOperating range much shorter than FM Poor application to large area applicationsPoor application to large area applications

Church, classroom, conference hallChurch, classroom, conference hall

Communication between devices must be directCommunication between devices must be direct Point-to-point technologyPoint-to-point technology

Pairing is required and not extended to other devicesPairing is required and not extended to other devicesoutside that pairingoutside that pairing

Not currently an alternative to group FM/IR systemsNot currently an alternative to group FM/IR systems

Point-to-multi-point devices Bluetooth profile hasPoint-to-multi-point devices Bluetooth profile hasbeen developed which may be used in futurebeen developed which may be used in futureapplicationsapplications

Refe en esReferences


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ReferencesReferences

A7010 datasheet.A7010 datasheet. Retrieved October, 2008, fromRetrieved October, 2008, fromhttp://www.jabra.com/Sites/Jabra/NA-http://www.jabra.com/Sites/Jabra/NA-US/Headsets/Pages/JabraA7010BluetoothHub.aspxUS/Headsets/Pages/JabraA7010BluetoothHub.aspx

Artone communication solutions.Artone communication solutions. Retrieved October, 2008 fromRetrieved October, 2008 fromwww.artonecs.comwww.artonecs.com

AT&T EP5632 digital cordless answering system withAT&T EP5632 digital cordless answering system withbluetoothbluetoothwireless technology.wireless technology. Retrieved October, 2008, fromRetrieved October, 2008, fromhttp://telephones.att.com/telephones_ui/phone_store/dsp_produchttp://telephones.att.com/telephones_ui/phone_store/dsp_product.cfm?itemIDt.cfm?itemID=3594&parent=514=3594&parent=514

Beecher, F. (20000). A vision of the future: A "concept hearingBeecher, F. (20000). A vision of the future: A "concept hearing

aid" with Bluetooth wireless technology.aid" with Bluetooth wireless technology. The Hearing Journal,The Hearing Journal,5353(10), 40-44.(10), 40-44.

Beetle H-2STBeetle H-2STbBuetoothbBuetoothheadsets.headsets. Retrieved October, 2008, fromRetrieved October, 2008, fromwww.tecear.com/Beetle_H2ST.htmwww.tecear.com/Beetle_H2ST.htm

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Bluetooth: The official Bluetooth website.Bluetooth: The official Bluetooth website. Retrieved October, 2008,Retrieved October, 2008,

fromfrom www.bluetooth.com/bluetoothwww.bluetooth.com/bluetooth BoothroydBoothroyd, A. (2004). Hearing aid accessories for adults: The remote, A. (2004). Hearing aid accessories for adults: The remote

FM microphone.FM microphone. Ear & Hearing, 25Ear & Hearing, 25(1), 22-33.(1), 22-33. ChisolmChisolm, T. H., Smith, S. L.,, T. H., Smith, S. L., McArdleMcArdle, R., & Reese, J. L. (2007)., R., & Reese, J. L. (2007).

Connecting the hearing-impaired in a wireless world.Connecting the hearing-impaired in a wireless world. The HearingThe HearingJournal, 60Journal, 60(11), 37-44.(11), 37-44.

DybalaDybala, P. D. (2006). ELVAS sightings: Cochlear implants and hearing, P. D. (2006). ELVAS sightings: Cochlear implants and hearingaids get wired.aids get wired. The Hearing Journal, 59The Hearing Journal, 59(3), 10-15.(3), 10-15. DybalaDybala, P. D. (2007). ELVAS lives: Or really cool hearing aids., P. D. (2007). ELVAS lives: Or really cool hearing aids.

Audiology Today, 19Audiology Today, 19(1), 18-19.(1), 18-19. Edwards, B. (2007). The future of hearing aid technology.Edwards, B. (2007). The future of hearing aid technology. Trends inTrends in

Amplification, 11Amplification, 11(1), 31-46.(1), 31-46. FabryFabry, D.,, D., MulderMulder, H., &, H., &DijkstraDijkstra, E. (2007). Acceptance of the, E. (2007). Acceptance of the

wireless microphone as a hearing aid accessory for adults.wireless microphone as a hearing aid accessory for adults. TheTheHearing Journal, 60Hearing Journal, 60(11), 32-36.(11), 32-36.

FlorianFlorian, J. (2003). Bluetooth is beginning to make its mark in hearing, J. (2003). Bluetooth is beginning to make its mark in hearinghealthcare.healthcare. The Hearing Journal, 56The Hearing Journal, 56(9), 28-32(9), 28-32..

IngraoIngrao, B. (2005). Bluetooth technology: Toward more wireless, B. (2005). Bluetooth technology: Toward more wireless


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IngraoIngrao, B. (2005). Bluetooth technology: Toward more wireless, B. (2005). Bluetooth technology: Toward more wirelesshearing care solutions.hearing care solutions. The Hearing Review, 12The Hearing Review, 12(1), 26-27, 88-89.(1), 26-27, 88-89.

JergerJerger, J.,, J., ChmielChmiel, R., Florin, E.,, R., Florin, E., PirozzoloPirozzolo, F., & Wilson, N. (1996)., F., & Wilson, N. (1996).Comparison of conventional amplification and an assistive listeningComparison of conventional amplification and an assistive listeningdevice in elderly persons.device in elderly persons. Ear & Hearing, 17Ear & Hearing, 17(6), 490-504.(6), 490-504.

KensingtonKensingtonbluetoothbluetoothUSB adapter.USB adapter. Retrieved October, 2008, fromRetrieved October, 2008, fromhttp://us.kensington.com/html/9403.htmlhttp://us.kensington.com/html/9403.html

KochkinKochkin, S. (2002)., S. (2002). MarkeTrakMarkeTrakVI: Consumers rate improvementsVI: Consumers rate improvementssought in hearing instruments.sought in hearing instruments. The Hearing Review, 9The Hearing Review, 9(11), 18-22.(11), 18-22.

KochkinKochkin, S. (2005)., S. (2005). MarkeTrakMarkeTrakVII: Customer satisfaction withVII: Customer satisfaction with

hearing instruments in the digital age.hearing instruments in the digital age. The Hearing Journal, 58The Hearing Journal, 58(9),(9),30-43.30-43. Lindley, G. (2005). Accessing the "far world": A new age ofLindley, G. (2005). Accessing the "far world": A new age of

connectivity in hearing aids.connectivity in hearing aids. The Hearing Review, 12The Hearing Review, 12(1), 28-30, 89.(1), 28-30, 89. MaxITMaxITbluetoothbluetoothloopsetloopset.. Retrieved October, 2008 fromRetrieved October, 2008 from

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Near-field magnetic communication properties.Near-field magnetic communication properties. Retrieved October,Retrieved October,2008, from2008, from www.auracomm.com/downloads/webwireless.pdfwww.auracomm.com/downloads/webwireless.pdf A new level of fitting excellence.A new level of fitting excellence. Retrieved October, 2008, fromRetrieved October, 2008, from

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