Initial Environmental Examination · 2014. 9. 29. · NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE) KUIDFC 1 SPAN 1

Initial Environmental Examination May 2009

IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation for the Asian Development Bank.

Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka

North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Package II – Belgaum Tranche II Sub-Projects in Belgaum CC

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

May 2009

Span Consultants Private Limited

NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche I Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)

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ACRONYMS

ADB : Asian Development Bank

ASI : Archeological Survey of India

ASP : Activated Sludge Process

BM : Bituminous Macadam

CC : City Corporation

C-Tech : Cyclic Activated Sludge Process Technology

DI : Ductile Iron

DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon

GI : Galvanized Iron

GoI : Government of India

GoK : Government of Karnataka

HH : Households

IA : Implementing Agency

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Financial Corporation

KUWS&DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board

MLD : Million Litre per Day

MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests

MSL : Mean Sea Level

MSS : Mix Seal Surface

NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

NOC : No Objection Certificate

NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen

OM : Operations Manual

O&M : Operation and Maintenance

PC : Program consultant

PMU : Program Monitoring Unit

PWD : Public Works Department

SS : Suspended solids

STP : Sewage Treatment Plant

UGD : Underground Drainage

WHO : World Health Organization

WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization

NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance ..................................................................... 1 1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination .......................................................... 2 1.4 Scope of IEE study..................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Report Structure ......................................................................................................... 3

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ....................... 4 2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program ...................................................................... 4 2.2 Investment program Components .............................................................................. 4 2.3 Project Location ......................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Type of Project ........................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Need for the Project ................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Existing Condition of Program components in Belgaum CC .................................. 11

2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System ..................................................................... 11 2.7 Improvement Proposals for Belgaum CC ................................................................ 13

2.7.1 Sewerage System ............................................................................................. 13 2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation .................................................................... 21 2.9 Investment Program Alternatives ............................................................................ 21 2.10 Investment Program Benefits ................................................................................... 23

3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 24 3.1 Physical Resources................................................................................................... 24

3.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1.2 Atmosphere ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1.3 Surface Water and Ground Water ........................................................................... 25 3.1.4 Geology and Seismology ........................................................................................ 25

3.2 Ecological Resources ............................................................................................... 25 3.3 Economic Development ........................................................................................... 26

3.3.1 Industrial Activities ................................................................................................. 26 3.4 Social and Cultural Resources ................................................................................. 27

3.4.1 Population and Community .................................................................................... 27 3.4.2 Household size ........................................................................................................ 28 3.4.3 Sex Ratio ................................................................................................................. 28 3.4.4 Literacy Rate ........................................................................................................... 28 3.4.5 Occupation .............................................................................................................. 29 3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate ................................................................................ 29 3.4.7 Existing Facilities.................................................................................................... 30 3.4.8 Physical or Cultural heritage ................................................................................... 30 3.4.9 Land Use ................................................................................................................. 30

3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP .... 31 4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................................................ 32

4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 32 4.2 Location Impacts .................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Design Impacts........................................................................................................ 32 4.4 Construction Impacts .............................................................................................. 33 4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts ....................................................... 33 4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts ......................................................... 33

5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ..................................................................................................................................... 46

5.1 Institutional Requirements ....................................................................................... 46


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5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans ............................................................................. 51 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................................. 63 7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................... 66

7.1 Findings.................................................................................................................... 66 7.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 66

8. CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................. 67


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List of Tables

Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components .......................... 2 Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka ............................................................ 10 Table 2.2: Sub-project components under Tranche 2 .............................................................. 10 Table 2.3: Details of sewer network in Belgaum ULB ............................................................ 11 Table 2.4: Sanitation Facilities in Belgaum CC....................................................................... 12 Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP ....................................... 15 Table 2.6: Unit details of C-Tech ............................................................................................ 19 Table 2.7: Design Parameters of STP ...................................................................................... 19 Table 2.8: The alternatives (sites) and their feasibilities for STP ............................................ 21 Table 2.9: Investment Program Alternatives ........................................................................... 22 Table 3.1: Types of industrial units (2002) .............................................................................. 26 Table 3.2: Population growth in Belgaum City ....................................................................... 27 Table 3.3: Details of Population Density ................................................................................. 28 Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 ............................................................................ 29 Table 3.5: Existing land Use (1989 - Existing) ........................................................................ 30 Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts ....................................................... 33 Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system ................. 34 Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan ....................................................................................... 45 Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities.................................................................. 49 Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) ...................................................................... 50 Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage system component ........................ 52 Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers ........................................ 60 Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) ........................................................... 62 Table 6.1: Details of Public consultation for the NKUSIP in Belgaum ULB ......................... 63 Table 6.2: Queries and Responses regarding STP during Public consultation ........................ 64

List of Maps Map 2.1: India ............................................................................................................................ 5 Map 2.2: Karnataka State and Belgaum District ....................................................................... 6 Map 2.3: Index Map of Belgaum District .................................................................................. 7 Map 2.4: Ward Boundary of Belgaum CC ................................................................................ 9 Map 2.5: Proposed Sewer Coverage for Belgaum City ........................................................... 15 Map 2.6: STP site Location Map ............................................................................................. 16 Map 2.7: Proposed STP Layout Plan for Belgaum City .......................................................... 20 List of Figures Fig. 2.1: City Corporation, Belgaum ......................................................................................... 8 Fig. 2.2: Outfall sewer and its discharge into Bellary Nallah .................................................. 12 Fig. 2.3: A Typical Cycle ......................................................................................................... 18 Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy ...................................................... 47 Fig. 6.1: Public Consultation ................................................................................................... 64 Appendices Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage System


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure

Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka

urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank

(ADB) assistance. Seven ULBs have been considered for the Package II – Belgaum

under NKUSIP. They include Belgaum, Gokak, Nippani, Badami, Ilkal, Jamkhandi and

Rabkavi-Banahatti ULBs. The poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water

supply, sewerage and sanitation, storm water drainage, solid waste management and

risk of infectious diseases in the project area forces NKUSIP to select Belgaum ULB

for improvement. The primary objective of NKUSIP is to promote economic

development in North Karnataka through urban infrastructure provision, focusing on the

improvement of environmental sanitation and public health through equitable

distribution of urban basic services that are environmentally sound and operationally

sustainable. This will also enhances the quality life of people.

2. The aim of Investment Program is to improve the environmental condition of urban

areas. However, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert

certain adverse impacts on the natural environment during construction and Operation

stages. Impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than

impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. However, the provision

of sewage treatment plant may exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if

due care is not taken. Most of the impacts are activity-specific. Nevertheless, if due care

is taken during the construction phase, negative impacts due to investment Program will

be far outweighed by positive impacts.

1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance

3. The environmental regulations and mandatory requirement for sub-components

proposed for Belgaum city are indicated in Table 1.1. The table indicates that as far as

GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not

need to go thorough environmental assessment process; however, as specified below,

few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities.


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Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub-

component Applicability of Act/Guidelines

Compliance Criteria

Sewerage

and

Sanitation

Sewage

Treatment

Plant

The Water (Prevention &

Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

& 1978

The Environmental Policy and

Operations Manual (OM) 20:

Environmental Considerations

in ADB Operation.

Environmental Assessment

Guidelines, 2003

Consent for Establishment

and Consent for Operation

from KSPCB

Categorization of sub-

project component into A,

B or C and developing

required level of

environmental assessment

for each component.

4. According to ADB guidelines (2003), environmental assessment of a proposed project is

at the initial/preparatory stages of Investment Program. As per the ADB Guidelines, the

proposed project components are categorized into A, B or C category projects to

establish the level of environmental assessment needed to address potential

environmental impacts. It is understood from the IEE study that there are no significant

potential environmental impacts from the proposed Investment Program. Therefore, an

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required for this development project

(Category A is ruled out). However, the study reveals that there are less significant

impacts of the project on the environment and are of short duration. Therefore, only

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required (Category B is considered).

Category ‘C’ is not applicable since IEE is required for the program components.

Hence, IEE has been carried out with identification of potential impacts and necessary

feasible mitigation measures with due importance given for sustainable environment.

1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

5. The purpose of IEE in the urban improvement program sub-projects is to fulfill the

ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans. Owing to the scale and

nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the

NKUSIP sub-project towns, almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to

have adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental

Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in Belgaum city under


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NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and accordingly, initial environmental examination

(IEE) has been carried out.

1.4 Scope of IEE study

6. The IEE is one of the effective tools in the development project to implement the

required development activities in an eco-friendly mode. The IEE report has been

prepared based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance

surveys; no field environmental monitoring survey was conducted. Stake holder

consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

1.5 Report Structure

7. This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter:

1. Introduction

2. Project Description

3. Environmental Description

4. Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

5. Institutional requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plans

6. Public consultation and Information Disclosure

7. Findings and Recommendations

8. Conclusions


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2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program

8. The lack/inadequacy of certain basic facilities along with poor quality of environment

and life in northern part of Karnataka has forced North Karnataka Urban Sector

Investment Program (NKUSIP) to be initiated. The developmental goal of NKUSIP is

to provide financial assistance to ULBs for necessary basic facilities in Municipal

Corporations and to facilitate economic growth in the surrounding areas. The goal of

the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of

urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable.

2.2 Investment program Components

9. The Investment Program Components are listed below:

i. Water supply

ii. Sewerage and Sanitation

iii. Storm water drainage (Drainage Up-gradation)

iv. Urban roads

v. Poverty Alleviation (Slum infrastructure improvement)

vi. Non-municipal infrastructure – Fire services, Lake Development and Tourism

2.3 Project Location

10. Belgaum City, being the fifth largest city of Karnataka, is the District and Divisional

headquarters of Belgaum District. The city is situated 350 km from Pune, 510 km from

Bangalore, 146 km from Panjim and 96 km from Hubli. Popularly known as the ‘Cradle

of Infantry’, Belgaum houses defense establishments such as Military Training Centre

and Air Base, besides major industrial establishments such as Tata Power and Indian

Aluminum (INDAL) factory. In the extreme southwest of the city, the Udyambag

Industrial Estate houses a number of engineering industrial units. The industries,

educational institutions and the defense establishments significantly contribute to the

economic growth of the city.


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Map 2.1: India


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Map 2.2: Karnataka State and Belgaum District


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Map 2.3: Index Map of Belgaum District


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11. Belgaum is situated on the northern slope of the basin of watercourse called the Bellary

nallah. Geographically, the city is located at longitude 740 31’E and latitude 150 51’N,

at an altitude of 710 m above mean sea level. Belgaum City Corporation (CC) is a

Grade I Corporation.

Fig. 2.1: City Corporation, Belgaum

12. The District lies in Krishna River basin. Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River are

the principal tributaries of River Krishna that flows across the district from west to east.

As per 2001 census, the population of Belgaum District is 42,14,505. According to

2001 census, the total population of Belgaum city is 3,99,653 and as per 2007 census,

the population is 4,40,000. The number of households is 83,625 (2001 census). The

City Corporation’s jurisdiction extends up to an area of 94.08 sq. km, housing 4 lakh

populations within 58 wards. Total area of Belgaum city is 94.08sq km.

13. The city is well connected owing to its location on the Miraj-Bangalore Meter Gauge

Railway Line of South Central Railway. The city is also well connected by a network of

national and state highways. Beside these roads, a network of major and minor roads

leads to neighbouring village of the region.


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Map 2.4: Ward Boundary of Belgaum CC

2.4 Type of Project

14. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project in which the project

improves health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by

providing basic infrastructure facilities such as underground drainage (UGD), storm

water drainage, etc.

2.5 Need for the Project

15. Insufficient basic facilities and demand for the same due to increased population year

by year and lack of proper technological systems in Belgaum CC have resulted in


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environmental pollution, poor sanitation and public health problems such as water

borne diseases and other associated health risks. This condition demands for the

proposed Investment Program component in Belgaum ULB. As per the State of

Environment Report (SOER), Dept. of Forest, Ecology & Environment, GoK, 2003,

health risks are associated with the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities.

The Table 2.1 presents the health status in Karnataka.

Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid

Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal

1991 17455 691 747 16 -- -- 659 17 -- --

1992 15262 608 402 14 -- -- 282 17 -- --

1993 16206 855 424 13 -- -- 678 07 26047 01

1994 15932 325 304 10 -- -- 382 00 20349 00

1995 18645 396 532 38 -- -- 7146 01 10250 00

1996 22983 377 657 06 -- -- 1332 06 22221 12

1997 23665 361 714 10 67 02 1714 04 3880 05

1998 23881 501 434 02 01 00 3824 02 2435 00

1999 17743 126 134 03 54 02 4792 02 24356 01

2000 31132 265 354 03 03 01 3011 10 27210 00

2001 23893 198 342 01 68 07 5438 28 33346 06

2002 25218 146 384 00 27 00 4578 15 42936 02

Source: SOER, 2003

16. The structural components of the ingvestment program lie in the city area and most of

UGD lines of the proposed project pass along the existing road tracks and leads to

natural nallahs. As a whole, the project does not fall in any restricted areas, wildlife

national parks, and any other places where the law of the land prohibits any

construction activities. In addition, the scale of human settlement or human lives

affected because of project activities is quite insignificant. The Belgaum ULB specific

components of the program (Tranche 2) are given below:

Table 2.2: Sub-project components under Tranche 2 Infrastructure Description Location

Components to be built under Tranche 2 Sewerage and sanitation Laying of sewer lines in the

city and installation of STP Belgaum City Corporation


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2.6 Existing Condition of Program components in Belgaum CC

2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System

17. Details regarding existing facilities are not available with Local body / Board. However

based on field inspection and interaction with the stack holders it is noted that the total

tentative length of sewers laid in the city is 337 Km with 150 to 300 mm dia of

stoneware / RCC pipes. In low lying area the existing sewer lines are choked up and

not functioning properly. The treated sewage is let into near by stream / pond causing

nuisance in the area. In addition to this, Cantonment board has connected their UGD

lines to existing sewer lines at different locations.

Table 2.3: Details of sewer network in Belgaum ULB Sewers Area Diameter

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Disposal

Drainage District A 150 to 800 28.50 Lendi nallah near old national highway

Drainage District B 150 to 800 21.20 Lendi nallah near old national highway

Cantonment area (civil

and fort areas)

150 to 800 6.80

-

KHB Colony 150 to 300 5.60 Outfall sewer of Malmaruti UGD

system

Malmaruti Extension,

Shivajinagar and

Gandhinagar

150 to 600 12.00 -

Angol A and B, Vadgaon

and old Belgaum

180 to 600 33.50 Outfall from Angol to new national

highway 5.5km long

Vishwesharayya Nagar,

Shastri Nagar, Sadar

Bazaar, Nehru Nagar,

Kailash Nagar, J.N.

Medical Collage area

NA NA -

Chennamma Nagar -

Main Outfall

1,100 Not known

In Bellary nallah

Total 107.90

Source: CLIP Report


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18. Currently, the city has been covered with UGD system partially (45%). The tentative

length of sewers laid is 337Km. The no. of private latrines connected to UGD sewers is

38.674. There are 110 Nos. of public latrines connected to UGD system / septic tank.

There are about 8000 Nos. having latrines with septic tank and treated sewage let into

open drains. Through Nirmal Nagar project 5Nos. of latrines are constructed.

Table 2.4: Sanitation Facilities in Belgaum CC Sl. No. Service Description Access to Household %

1. Sanitation UGD 69.14% 2. Septic tank 1% 3. LCS 4%

Total 74.14% Source: Concept Report

19. The tentative length of trunk main sewers laid in the city is about 27.50 kms. Trunk

main sewer lines have been laid to convey the sewage by gravity to the out fall sewers

pipes having 300mm dia to 600mm dia RCC pipes.

20. Outfall sewer lines are laid along the natural channels, private fields and finally let into

Bellary nallah. The out fall from south side of city i.e., from Tilakwadi, Hindwadi,

Shahpur and Khasbag area treated sewage let into Lendi nall on old PB road. The over

all length of out fall sewers is about 5.25 Km with 600mm dia to 1100mm dia of RCC

pipes. It is reported that pipes are intact and no leakages are noticed.

Fig. 2.2: Outfall sewer and its discharge into Bellary Nallah Treatment Facilities

21. The general terrain of this city is sloping from N-W to S-E in the areas of east of

Bellary nallah, while the area of south of this nallah slopes from S-W to N-E and

northeast area sloping towards south side. Practically the entire city drains into Bellary

Nallah except some part of N-W of Belgaum area, which is sloping towards north.

Outfall sewers have been laid along the main valley lines. The wastewater generated


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from these areas also flow in these drains and joins Bellary nallah. In short the U.G.D

system lacks treatment facility.

22. Because of the lack of adequate sewerage and sanitation facilities, the quality of the

surface water and shallow ground water sources are affected. The impacts of human

waste on public health are spread of water borne diseases and associated health risks.

The present sewage system does not contemplate sewage treatment plant facilities and

the raw sewage is let into nallahs causing water pollution problems. This recommends

for the proposal of proper up-gradation of sewer system and installation of sewage

treatment plant (STP).

2.7 Improvement Proposals for Belgaum CC

2.7.1 Sewerage System

23. The objective of sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal system is to ensure

wastewater along with human excreta is properly collected and disposed off without

causing any health risks or environmental problems. The current proposal includes new

sewer lines, construction of pumping station and new pumping machinery, sewer

connections to households (HH) and construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).

Sub-Components of the project

24. The following subcomponents are included in the design:

i) Rehabilitation of 150 km of existing sewerage system and extension –

Rehabilitation of sewer network system will be given top most priority. Extension

of sewer lines includes laying of additional new sewer network for a length of

275kms

ii) Installation of new pumping station with the proper mechanical and electrical

facilities

iii) Strengthening the existing out fall sewer system

iv) Construction of sewage treatment plant (STP) - Design, supply, construction,

installation, testing and commissioning of 64 MLD Capacity STP to serve the

intermediate population (0.51 million expected in the year 2011 and 0.67 million

expected in the year 2026).

v) Proper disposal system satisfying pollution standards

vi) To carry out repair works for public toilets


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vii) Strengthening the existing O & M system with procurement of necessary

equipments

viii) Proposing changes in the Institutional set up for sustained operation

25. The important components of the underground drainage system are sewage collection

system, pumping stations, force main, sewage treatment plant and treated Sewage

disposal system. It is proposed to have conventional U.G.D. system for this town. As

per the scope of the project, it is proposed to design and lay sewer mains for a length of

275 kilometer, and to rehabilitate existing sewer lines of about 150 kms length. Based

on the survey map various zones have been identified. The proposed sewage collection

system for the project City has been designed to the extent possible by gravity flow

based on contributing population and proportionate sewage generated in the branch

lines. In order to restrict the depth of cutting to 6.00 mts, proposals are made for

installation of 10 lift stations and 12 pumping stations. Sewage collected at each

Sewage Pump Station / Lift station shall be conveyed to the Main Sewage Pump

Station, from where it shall be pumped to the STP for treatment and finally, disposed to

irrigated land or Bellary nallah after satisfying pollution control standards.

26. The proposed sewerage network is along the existing roads. No further difficulties in

terrain and major crossings are found for the sewerage network lines. Sewerage network

has been designed for 30 years of design period.


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Map 2.5: Proposed Sewer Coverage for Belgaum City

Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP

Rate of water supply : 135 LPCD

Sewage Flow Anticipated (80% of water supply) : 113.40 lpcd (including 5% infiltration)

Total anticipated flow (Intermediate stage) : 64 MLD

Total anticipated flow (Ultimate stage) : 99.00MLD

Length of Sewers (proposed) : 275 kms

Lift stations (LS) and Pumping Stations (PS)

(proposed)

: LS =10 No.s and PS=12 Nos

Total Length of Force main (proposed) 25 km

Treatment Method (proposed) : Cyclic Activated Sludge Process Source: As per latest designs & Concept Report Proposed STP Site


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27. Belgaum city is like a saucer terrain predominantly sloping from north-west to

south east and northeast area sloping towards south. Practically entire city drains

into the Bellary nallah except a small pocket of North West area sloping towards

north drains into Markhandeya River. The Bellary nallah area sloping towards

south to north east and Markhandeya river area sloping towards west to east.

Map 2.6: STP site Location Map

28. From the practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have

STP site in eastern direction of Belgaum city in a private land in Halaga village area

which is technically, socially and environmentally suitable for STP site and treated

sewage can be let into Bellary nallah after satisfying pollution control standards.

Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt CASP for this project. Land

required is 18 acres.


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Cyclic Activated Sludge Process (CASP)

29. The proposed Sewage Treatment Plant of 64 MLD capacity shall comprise:

i) Inlet Chamber (Stilling Chamber)

ii) Fine Screen Channels

iii) Grit Removal Units

iv) CASP Reactors

v) Chlorine Contact Tank

vi) Sludge Sump

vii) Centrifuges

Process Chemistry:

Removal of Organics

30. The raw sewage free from debris and grit is taken up for biological treatment in CASP

Reactors for removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus.

31. The activated sludge bio system is designed using Advanced Cyclic Activated Sludge

Technology which operates on extended aeration activated sludge principle for the

reduction of carbonaceous BOD, Nitrification, De-nitrification and Phosphorous

removal, using energy efficient fine bubble membrane diffused aeration system with

automatically controlled air supply based on Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) resulting in

20 – 30% power savings.

32. The practice of manipulating activated sludge reaction environments to obtain

maximum nitrogen and phosphorous removal has been optimized using Cyclic

Activated Sludge Technology by co-current nitrification & de-nitrification mechanism.

33. In its simplest form, the sequences of fill, aeration, settle and decant are consecutively

and continuously operated all in the same Tank, allowing up to 30-40% space saving.

No Secondary Clarifier shall be required to concentrate the sludge in the Reactor. The

return sludge is recycled and the surplus sludge is wasted from the CASP Basins itself.

34. The system makes use of the variable volume treatment in combination with a

biological Selector and operated in a fed-batch Reactor mode. The complete biological

operation is divided into cycles. A basic cycle comprises:


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• Fill – Aeration

• Settlement

• Decanting

A Typical Cycle

35. During the period of a cycle, the liquid is filled in the CASP Basin up to a set operating

water level. Aeration Blowers are started for aeration of the effluent. After the aeration

cycle, the biomass settles under perfect settling conditions. Once Settled the supernatant

is removed from the top using a DECANTER. Solids are wasted from the tanks during

the decanting phase.

a. Anoxic de-nitrification of nitrates in the Biological Selector Zone of CASP (Anoxic Zone) using incoming wastewater

b. Bio-degradation of organics including phenol present in the wastewater by Extended Aeration Process

c. Oxidation of sulphides in the wastewater

d. Co-current nitrification and de-nitrification of Ammonical nitrogen in the aeration zone of CASP Basins

e. Removal of Phosphorous

Fig. 2.3: A Typical Cycle


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36. The dimension of the proposed treatment unit will be m 48.50 m x 48.5 m with 4 units

(intermediate) and 48.50 m x 48.5 m with 1 unit (ultimate) with water depth 6.0m

sludge depth 0.3 m and free board 0.5 m; inner slope 1.5:1 and outer slope 2:1; and 2

baffles. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through

surface aerators (no.s) of 15HP each per unit (intermediate-HP). Concrete weirs are

planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow

from outlet weir shall be discharged on to nearby Bellary nallah. The other unit details

are shown below:

Table 2.6: Unit details of C-Tech Description of unit Size / Capacity Qty. Remarks Intake Chamber 45m x 45 m x 3.5 m 1 0.50m FB Manual Bar Screen Chamber (Fine) 6 m x 1.2m x 1.2m 1 0.50m FB Mechanical Bar Screen Chamber (Fine) 6 m x 1.2m x 1.2m 2 0.50m FB Grit Chambers 11 m x 11 m x 0.9 m 2 0.50m FB SBR Basins 48.50m x 48.50 m x 6 m 4 0.50m FB Chlorine Contact Tank 40 m x 12 m x 3.5 m 1 0.50m FB Sludge Sump 15 m x 9.5 m 3.0 m 1 0.50m FB Source: As per latest designs-STP

37. No separate sludge drying beds are required as alternative lagoon serves the purpose of

sludge drying. Though the treated sewage in the STP proposal meets the standards of

surface water disposal, the sewage will be let into the nearby Bellary nallah after

satisfying the requirements of the pollution control board. It is expected that there will

be 90% reduction in BOD and COD values in this treatment method. The treated

sewage will be in compliance with Standards (for pH, BOD, COD, etc.) set by CPCB.

Table 2.7: Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Influent Treated

sewage CPCB Standards for Inland surface water

Design Flow (Intermediate)

MLD 64.0 64.0 -

Design Flow (Ultimate)

MLD 99.00 89.10 -

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Mg/l 300 <30 <30

pH - 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.0 Total coliforms No/100ml. 107 1000 - Detention Time - 5days - - Suspended solids <100

Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment


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38. There is also a provision to provide buffer zone with green plantation around the STP.

The STP area will be provided with access roads, D.G. Room, lighting, etc. and the total

area will be fenced and entry into the STP premises will be restricted to authorized

persons only. Map 2.7 presents the layout of the proposed STP for Belgaum CC.

Map 2.7: Proposed STP Layout Plan for Belgaum City

39. The proposal does not pose any environmental risks to river water quality. The

proposed project may enhance the eco-balance of nearby nallahs and water bodies.

Treated wastewater (sewage)/sludge reuse A. Inside STP area:

A buffer zone with 5 rows of plantation shall be developed around STP for aesthetic:

• 2 rows of mixed shrubs such as Lantana, Hibiscus and Nerium Oleander

• 2 rows of Casuarinas trees and


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• 1 row of mixture of taller trees such as Delonix Regia (Flame tree), Tipuana Tipu

(Rosewood), Khaya Senegalensis (Senegal Mahogany), Pithecalobium saman

(Rain tree), Caesalpinia pulcherrhima (Gul Mohr) and Albizia lebbeck (Siris tree).

B. Out- side STP area

• For irrigating at 200-250 cum/day/Ha of agricultural land after satisfying KSPCB

standards.

• Dried sludge shall be handled carefully and disposed to agricultural fields nearby.

2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation

40. Implementation of the program is scheduled to be within a period of 6 years (FY 2009-

10 to FY 2015-16) as directed by KUIDFC. Program works to be completed during this

period include strict scheduling, monitoring and implementation on site.

2.9 Investment Program Alternatives

41. The environmental feasibility/suitability of proposed components of the Investment

Program has been studied based on the location and process/technology for the

components. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use

pattern determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program

components. However, the investment Program components are mostly location

specific. The scope for study on alternatives will be only with reference to technology

adopted, which is also limited. A variety of technology is available for STP. Based on

the environmental feasibility a suitable technology has been proposed for the STP. The

ultimate design period is 2041.

Alternatives for the proposed STP

42. The city is situated on a sloping terrain viz., sloping northwest to southeast. The general

ground level varies from 800m in M.M. Extension and minimum of 740m in Old

Belgaum. The average rainfall in this city is 1250 mm. The average temperature in this

city is a maximum of 340 C and a minimum of 120 C during the summer and winter

months. The following STP sites were identified in terms of technical, social,

environmental and from maintenance point of view.

Table 2.8: The alternatives (sites) and their feasibilities for STP Sl. No. Site Ownership Location Remarks

1 Old Solid waste dumping site. Private Khasbag area,

within the city. This site is near by habitations, hence rejected.


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Sl. No. Site Ownership Location Remarks

2 Left hand side of NH-4 service road

Private

LHS of NH-4 on the way to Dharwad from Belgaum.

The land is selected based on the easy approach to the STP site and existing outfall sewer line also running beside this site. But during monsoon this area gets affected by Bellary nallah flooding, hence rejected.

3 Near Alarwad on the hillock. Private Near by

Ashraya colony

The Asharya colony habitants exist near by this site hence, rejected.

4 Beside old PB road Private

Left side on the way to Dharwad from Belgaum.

This to the entrance of the Belgaum city and beside there is a proposal of development of satellite city. Hence rejected.

5 Halaga village area Private

Right side on the way to Dharwad from Belgaum, 450mts away from the NH-4 service road.

This land is technically, socially and environmentally suitable for STP site and treated sewage can be let into Bellary nallah.

Source: Concept Report

43. The environmental feasibility of the selected alternatives for the proposed

Investment Program components are given below:

Table 2.9: Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives

Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on

Gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and

require less manpower and importantly does not require energy. The natural

gravity is utilized to run the system. Pumping stations are proposed wherever

gravity flow method is not possible for the system.

There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river

discharge or for land disposal after treatment options like attached growth

aerobic or anaerobic systems or suspended growth systems may be adopted. The

availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its

operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable

treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment

technologies with minimal operation and maintenance cost. Based on these

considerations, C-tech is proposed for Belgaum town.

STP site location- As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there


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Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives

is a falling gradient from north west to south east and southwest to northeast of

the town. Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is

suggested to have the treatment facility towards southeast side of Belgaum town.

2.10 Investment Program Benefits

44. Inadequacy and lack of basic infrastructure facilities and their adverse impacts on the

environment, human health and socio-economic status can be overcome by safe,

adequate and proper water supply, underground sewerage system/sanitation facilities,

which will be provided by NKUSIP to the communities of Belgaum ULB. The

Investment Program benefits are provided below:

A. Sewerage System Improvements

• Provision of Sewerage (UGD) and Sanitation facilities

• Avoidance of Wastewater pollution at low-lying area

• Avoidance of regular choking of drains

• Avoidance of impact of flood in low-lying areas

• Protection of the water ecosystem

• Reduction in risks of ground water contamination

• Blockage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools

• Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination

• Reduced risk of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace

• Reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to use of raw sewage for irrigation

• Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields

• Availability of treated waste water (sewage) for agricultural purposes

• Healthy and hygienic Environment

• Improvement in public health quality with better sanitation

B. Other benefits

• Enhancement in archaeological and historical values of the project place especially

during important religious festivals

• Increased Cultural Values due to assemblage of people from multicultural background,

caste and ethnicity (characterized by its customs, traditions, culture, etc.)

• Improvement in quality of life


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3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION

3.1 Physical Resources

45. Physical resources of the project area are described in brief in following paragraphs.

3.1.1 Topography

46. The city is characterized by Musketry Hills to west and Turukmatti Hills to the north

giving a general slope in the southeast direction. The Lendi nallah separates the

Cantonment and the civil area of the city in the southeast direction, ultimately joining

the Bellary nallah. Kotikere tank in the northeast of the city has a large command area.

3.1.2 Atmosphere

3.1.2.1 Air Quality

47. At present, air quality in general is good but because of poor sanitation and open sewer

drains air is unhealthy in the project area.

3.1.2.2 Climate

48. The project area falls under North Karnataka climatic zone. The temperature in

Belgaum is generally salubrious except in rainy season. The wet months are from May

to October and dry months are from November to March. The best weather is

experienced in the months of November, December and January. Temperature, Rainfall

and Wind Direction for the project area are given below:

3.1.2.3 Temperature

49. The lowest and highest temperatures are recorded in the months of January and April

around 14.30C and 35.40C respectively.

3.1.2.4 Rainfall

50. The city is classified as high rainfall receiving area. The average annual rainfall in

Belgaum is 1,300 mm. The rainy season is from May to October with maximum rainfall

experienced in the months of July and August. December, January and February are

generally dry.


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3.1.2.5 Humidity

51. The relative humidity varies from 22 to 65 %, which will be higher in the southwest

monsoon and retreating monsoon season with 52 to 70%.

3.1.2.6 Wind Direction

52. The prevailing wind direction is from southwest. Local topography and slope largely

influence the wind direction. The wind direction shifts to northeast during evening

hours. The nearest IMD station is at Belgaum.

3.1.3 Surface Water and Ground Water

3.1.3.1 Surface Water

53. Belgaum city is an old and important city having major Krisha River source along with

Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River branches, which are important surface water

sources for the city.

3.1.3.2 Ground Water

54. Depth of ground water table in the city is 10-20 m from the ground level.

3.1.4 Geology and Seismology

55. The rock formation in Belgaum chiefly consists of Dharwars, Gneisses, Kaladgi series

and the Deccan trap. Soil is categorized into Red Laterite, Black Trappean soil and

Sandy soil. The ground water level in Belgaum is relatively shallow and it fluctuates 5-

10 m from the ground level.

56. The project area falls under zone III seismicity. The region is not prone to frequent

earthquakes of high intensity. It is normally affected by mild tremors, not causing

damage to life or property.

3.2 Ecological Resources

57. The sensitive and critical natural habitats such as national park, marine park, wildlife

sanctuary, tiger reserve, elephant reserve, reserved forest, protested area and its buffer

zone, declared special area for protecting bio-diversity or wildlife habitat, estuarine

area, coral reef, wet land or marshes or mangrove, cultural heritage sites, etc. were not


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found in the project area. None of the rare and endangered species of flora and fauna

were observed within and surroundings of project area.

3.3 Economic Development

58. Apart from having a significant contribution by defense establishments, educational

institutions and industries, Belgaum City is the major collection and distribution centre

for a range of products, for the surrounding areas. The main commodities traded in the

city are food grains, chilies, edible oils, jaggery, vegetables and fruits, wood furniture,

etc. Artificial silk and cotton sarees, brass materials, engineering products, grinding

stones, tin and oil products are the commodities that are exported from Belgaum.

3.3.1 Industrial Activities

59. Belgaum has five industrial estates spread on 151.30 Ha of land with 354 occupied

plots. The city has only two major industries: Aluminum Factory and Gogte Textiles.

There are about 5,600 industries in the city as in 2002. There are 12 large, medium-

scale engineering units, and 1,379 small-scale units in the city. The various categories

of industries in the city are engineering, textile and hosiery, cement production and

ceramic automobile, chemicals, furniture, printing and binding, pottery and agro-based.

Several types of small-scale industries by category are indicated in Table 3.1. These are

located in industrial estates – B.K. Kangrali, Kakati, Mache, Udyambag and Angol.

Table 3.1: Types of industrial units (2002) Types of Industries Units (No.s) Employment (No.s)

Food 165 834 Leather 60 240 Chemical 5 60 Plastic 10 50 Paper Printing 30 130 Metal Products 400 1,200 Machinery & Parts 50 200 Textiles & Printing 600 1,200 Gold & Silver 25 75 Wood Products 30 60 Handicrafts 4 16 Total 1,379 4,065

Source: District Industries Centre, Belgaum

60. Belgaum has emerged as a major hub of exports from industrial sector. The information

from the Department of Customs and Central Excise reveal that in 2002-03, 200

containers worth of Rs. 62,000 lakh have been exported from Belgaum alone. Major


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exports include Aluminum Powder, Cotton yarn, T-shirts, Turkish Towels, Helmets,

Sugar, Granite, Castings, Hydraulic equipments, Engineering Equipments, etc. Belgaum

district is the second biggest district in Karnataka as far as Quality Certification of

industries is considered. About 75 industries have already obtained ISO certification

and many more are in the pipeline.

61. District Industrial Training Centre is in operation in Udyam Bagh industrial area,

Belgaum, providing training in the field of automobiles, pattern making, repairs and

servicing of radio and home appliances, plumbing and sanitary, repair and servicing of

IP sets and bore wells.

3.4 Social and Cultural Resources

3.4.1 Population and Community

62. At present, the City Corporation (CC) jurisdiction extends to 58 wards covering an area

of 94.08 sq. km. Belgaum was growing at a faster rate since 1931 but during 1991-

2001, the population growth has declined. The highest and lowest population growth

rates recorded were 50.47 percent during 1961-71 and 8.24 percent during 1991-01.

Details of decadal population growth are indicated in the table below (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2: Population growth in Belgaum City Year Population (No.s) Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) (%)

1901 22434 -

1911 29,636 2.82

1921 36,354 2.06

1931 49873 3.21

1941 71,831 3.72

1951 101,110 3.48

1961 127,885 2.38

1971 192,427 4.17

1981 274,430 3.61

1991 369,177 3.01

2001 399,600 0.80

Source: Census Reports


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63. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) has remained steady between 3.61

percent and 3.01 percent, through the period 1971 to 1991. A maximum CAGR of 4.17

percent was recorded during 1961-1971. In 1991-2001, the recorded figure was 0.80

percent. As per Census 1991, the total Workforce Participation Rate (main workers and

marginal workers as a percentage to the total population) was around 27 percent.

64. The population density of Belgaum has increased from 2,601 persons per sq. km to

4,247 persons per sq. km (a growth of 63.28 percent). The area under CC limits did not

change much since 1989. However, there is a drastic decline from 1991 to 2001,

consequently increasing the population density in the city.

Table 3.3: Details of Population Density Year Population (No.s) Area (Sq. Km) Density (Persons / Sq. km)

1991 3,69,177 141.95 2,601

2001 3,99,600 94.08 4,247

Source: Belgaum CC

3.4.2 Household size

65. The total number of households has increased from 68,309 in 1991 to 83,625 in

2001.The average household size in 2001 is 4.8 which is lower than the average

national household size of 6.3 (Census 2001). The lower dependency ratio can be

attributed to constant growth in employment opportunities in the city triggered by

growth in economy, thus negating chances of out-migration.

3.4.3 Sex Ratio

66. The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male population) in Belgaum is 951.

The sex ratio in the city was found to be lower than the district figure of 959 and at par

with the state urban average of 940. However, this figure of 951 for Belgaum City is

higher than both district urban figure (948) and state urban average (940). In 1991, the

sex ratio of the city was 933.

3.4.4 Literacy Rate

67. In 2001, the literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above

six years of age) in the city was 88.03 percent. The literacy rate in Belgaum City is

higher than the district (64.40 percent) and the state urban average (71.4 percent). The


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male and female literacy rate was 93.63 percent and 82.16 percent, respectively. The

high literacy rate in the city is attributed to large number of educational institutions.

3.4.5 Occupation

68. Major occupation includes agriculture followed by tertiary occupation of industrial

activities and other business activities.

3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate

69. Belgaum’s workforce participation rate in 1981 was 31.63 percent and decreased to

30.10 percent in 1991. The details of the workforce participation rate for 1981 and 1991

are indicated in following table. The workforce participation rate (percentage of main

and marginal workers to the total population) was 30.53% (including 0.22% of marginal

workers) in 1991. The workforce participation rate (WPR) has decreased approximately

by 2% from 1981 to 1991. The male workforce participation in 1991 (85.23 percent)

was more than the female workforce participation in 1991 (14.77 percent). The

category-wise workforce participation rate as per 1991 Census is indicated in the

following Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 Description Persons (No.s) Distribution (%)

Main Workers

Primary Sector

Cultivators 8,170 7.35

Agricultural labourers 3,358 3.02

Secondary Sector

Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing & Repairs in

Household Industry

4,107 3.70

Other Workers 73,865 66.46

Total Main Workers 1,11,137

Marginal workers 21,541 19.38

Total Population 3,69,177 100.00

Source: Census Reports


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3.4.7 Existing Facilities

3.4.7.1 Health facilities

70. One government hospital and several private hospitals and health centers (Allopathic,

Ayurvedic and Homeopathic practices) were observed within CC limits.

3.4.7.2 Education facilities

71. It is also serving as an educational hub with a number of schools and colleges ranging

from primary and secondary schools to medical and engineering colleges.

3.4.8 Physical or Cultural heritage

72. Belgaum city is known for its ancient archaeological and cultural heritage sites in the

form of forts, temples and Dargahs.

3.4.9 Land Use

73. According to CDP 2011, Belgaum city has 7840.00 Ha of total area in 1989 out of

which 2503.66 Ha is developed. The existing land utilisation detail in the year 1989 as

presented in the CDP is detailed in Table 3.5. As per the existing land use statistics,

residential area constitutes 44.29 percent of the total developed area. Vacant lands

account for 24.71 percent of total local planning area. A vast belt from west to east in

between old city and Shahapur is under agricultural use. Due to rapid urban

development, the land in these areas is well in demand.

Table 3.5: Existing land Use (1989 - Existing)

Land Use Area (Ha) Distribution (%)

Residential 1,108.75 44.29

Commercial 108.6 4.34

Industrial 415.19 16.58

Public & Semi-public use 289.58 11.57

Public utilities & Open spaces 46.65 1.86

Parks, Play Grounds and Burial Grounds 54.33 2.17

Traffic and Transportation 480.56 19.19

Total Developed Area 2,503.66 100.00

Water Sheet and Hillocks 123.86


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Land Use Area (Ha) Distribution (%)

Vacant Lands 1,937.43

Agricultural 3,275.05

Grand Total 7,840.00

Source: CDP

3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP

74. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up residential

and commercial areas of Belgaum City. The city limit is well developed and there are

no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. There is no any prohibited

area/cultural heritage from where sewer line is passing through. Hence, the project does

not require consent from ASI.

75. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is selected based on the

topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The town predominantly

slopes from northwest to southeast and therefore the STP site selected in the southeast

side of the city. Site was selected for STP on topographical considerations. The site for

the proposed treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 467 to 474, 528 & 529

and for approached road - survey numbers -part of 50 to 60. This location is about 4km

from Belgaum city and is 3.5 km from the main pumping station. Among the various

technologies it is proposed to adopt Cyclic Activated Sludge Process for this project.

64 MLD capacity (for Intermediate Phase) STP will be designed and constructed which

requires 18 acres of land.

i) The total land requirement for the STP Site for the ultimate year shall be 18.0

acres.

ii) As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is a falling

gradient from northwest to southeast except part of northwest side of the city.

Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is

suggested to have the treatment facility near Halaga village Southeast side of

Belgum city. Soil strata in the town is black cotton soil and predominant in the

region. Depth of ground water table in the city is 10m to 20m.

iii) 18 acres of private land required for the purpose of establishing STP in this

location. There is no residential area nearby STP site.


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4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

76. Urban development projects may cause negative impacts upon environment in many

different ways. The objective of this section is to identify those negative impacts that

are contextually possible in the project under consideration and to suggest the required

mitigation measures. The impacts anticipated from the proposed program may be on

Physical, Biological, Socio-economical and Cultural environment. Nevertheless, it must

be kept in mind that the impacts of project activities are not always negative, it may be

positive as well. The attempt should be to minimize the negative impacts by applying

necessary mitigation measures and to maximize the positive impacts. Based on the

severity and extent of impacts, the impacts may be classified as high, medium and low.

Care has been taken also to identify the prospects of positive impacts and of the

measures that are likely to enhance the quality of the given environment. The

environmental impacts of the Investment Program Components can be categorized into

location impacts, design impacts, construction impacts and operation impacts.

4.2 Location Impacts

77. The environmental impacts associated with site selection and those involving

loss/damage and/or encroachment of environmentally sensitive areas or archeological /

cultural / historical/ paleontaological sites/monuments, etc. It also includes impacts on

people- their livelihood or properties or any other related structures. The impacts may

be direct or indirect on such environments/people by the developmental programs. No

significant impacts can arise due to project location as the sites involving improvements

in the Program components does not pass through/near any environmentally sensitive

areas or any cultural/historical areas, etc.

4.3 Design Impacts

78. These are impacts due to Investment Program design including technology, scale of

operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and

ancillary services. These may arise due to design interference with other utilities in the

same tranche, are considered to be of short duration and of negligible significance.


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4.4 Construction Impacts

79. Several types of short term/temporary negative impacts upon environment may happen

during construction phase of the project, primarily due to negligent practices.

Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery,

vehicles and workers.

4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts

80. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) impacts include impacts arising from the

operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility provided. They are

routine management of operational waste flow; occupational health and safety aspects.

4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts

81. Screening of environmental impacts is based on the magnitude and duration of the

impact. The magnitude of the impact may be negligible/moderate/severe – in the order

of increasing degree and impact duration may be temporary/ permanent (Table 4.1).

Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impacts)

Negligible (N) Moderate (M) Severe (S) Temporary (T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P

82. The tables (Table 4.2 and Table 4.3) present the magnitude and duration of all four

types of possible potential environmental impacts along with required mitigation

measures for the proposed components of Belgaum ULB under NKUSIP. In case of

sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer

line will be along the already built up area. STP location has been selected sufficiently

away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone

along the site boundary, which is not expected to have any impact on existing

environment or surroundings. The program components will have negligible/moderate

and temporary impacts, which can be mitigated by proper environment friendly

measures.


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Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system Potential Negative

Impacts Significance &

Duration of the ImpactMitigation Measures Implementation

Responsibility Preliminary

Costing Location impacts Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of waste stabilization ponds.

N/P This may not be significant as the proposed STP is not in a flood prone area and groundwater table is deep at around 10m to 20m.

Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration.

PC N/a

Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to neighbors.

M/P STP is located at 4000 m from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered.

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP.

ULB Part of Design costs

Design Impacts Ground water infiltration

N/P The treated sewage may be used for irrigation.

Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water infiltration.



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Potential Negative Impacts

Significance & Duration of the Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

Pollution of the agricultural fields may be due to discharge of partially treated sewage

However, this may not be significant, as treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards, which is stringer than irrigation standards.

The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering seasonal climatic variations. The STP system shall be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of the treatment and no industrial waste/hazardous waste/treated sewage gets discharged to sewer lines. The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the following standards of discharge for inland surface water disposal: BOD < 30 mg/l Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0

Impacts on existing utilities such as water supply pipes and contamination of potable water

M/P UGD pipes will be placed 1.5 m below water supply pipelines so that, water supply networks will not be contaminated by sewage from the sewerage networks.


Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing/over flooding of sewers.

N/P Storm water drains have been provided all along lagoons to avoid overflowing/over flooding/leakage of STP and untreated sewage during storms or heavy rains. Overflowing storm water shall be let into nallah.


Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time.

Nuisance due to mosquito breeding and bad odours from STP.

M/P STP is located at 4000 m from the city. Considering the future expansion of the town, mitigation measure may be required.

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc.



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Preliminary Costing

Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation.

M/P Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. ULB Part of O & M costs Preparation of sludge management plan

Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in lagoons itself before its disposal in to agricultural areas. Training for sanitation staff will be provided on safe handling of chlorination techniques A sludge management plan is given in Table 4.3.

Surface & groundwater pollution with nitrate, phosphate, etc. due to discharge of treated effluent to nallah

M/P Conduct bacteriological tests to ensure safety of effluent ULB Part of O & M costs

Discharge of treated wastewater into drains which could be used for ponding systems

Treated wastewater will be sold to farmers for irrigation Aquaculture to be introduced if water ponding systems are developed.

Construction Impacts A. Sewage Treatment Plant Waste soil due to excavation

M/P Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas

Dust and noise from construction of STP.

M/T Sewer network will be laid all over the town

Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper signboards.

Contractor

Part of construction cost


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Preliminary Costing

including high-density areas. As the proposed STP is located away the habitation, as far as laying of sewer network is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all other areas it may be negligible.

Dust generation shall be arrested by water spraying. It shall be ensured to use only standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any.

A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Dust due to stockpiled soil in windy weather

M/T Soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction cost

Dust due to soil transportation

M/T Tarpaulins shall be used to cover dry soil when carried on trucks

Contractor Part of construction cost

Collection of rain and ground water in excavated areas

M/T Excavation shall be conducted in the dry season Contractor Part of construction cost Groundwater will be pumped out & provided to farmers for

irrigation Removal of some trees from the site

M/P Trees will be removed only if it cannot be avoided. Contractor Part of construction cost Two trees shall be planted and maintained for every tree if

removed Traffic disturbance by lorries carrying

M/T Proper planning of routes shall be done to avoid narrow local roads



KUIDFC 38 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

waste soil Transportation will be scheduled to avoid peak traffic periods

Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce

M/T Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from communities in vicinity of STP site.


B. Sewerage Network and Trunk SewerWaste soil due to trenching

M/P As above: Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas


Waste soil may create dust when stored or transported

M/T As above: Waste soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated


As above: Soil shall be covered with tarpaulins on trucks Stored soil shall be covered or damped down in dry weather

Damage other infrastructure due to trenching

S/P Location of infrastructure shall be confirmed before the commencement of trenching work or these sites shall be avoided


Water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads shall be located.

Disturbance to road users or public due to repeated trenching

M/T Subprojects shall be integrated to conduct trenching at same time


Inconvenience to access business, residential and other immediate facilities

M/T The access for business and other facilities along the proposed

During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways shall be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities.

Contractor Part of construction cost.


KUIDFC 39 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

for the public and impact on livelihood (shop owners/keepers) due to loss of access to business.

sewer lining areas will be disturbed during construction period.

Provision of planks is required to maintain access business. Business and homes must be given prior notice. If there are temporary impacts on incomes, then compensation procedures must be followed as per Resettlement framework. Will compensate any business losses as per the Resettlement Framework.

• Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil.

• Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench.

• Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly.

• Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advanceInconvenience to public during trenching and laying of sewer lines/ pipes along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.

M/T Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses

Construction shall be expedited in the least time frame. Contractor Part of Construction Costs Activities requiring maximum access control shall be done

during non-peak hours. Excavation along the road shall be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate signboards.

Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow

M/T Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper signboard shall be provided.

Contractor Part of construction costs


KUIDFC 40 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

due to vehicle movement for construction activities.

Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Traffic disturbance and road blocking due to laying of sewer network and vehicle movement for construction activities; inconvenience to the local community. Traffic disturbance due to lack of space caused by placing/dumping of soil on road and/or if sewers have to be located in the road itself

M/T The proposed network will be laid in the presently unserved fringe and extension areas. As these areas are not densely populated areas the impacts due to construction activities may not be significant. Traffic Management Plan for the construction phase has to be prepared for rerouting and avoiding slow movement of vehicles.

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages.


Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Work shall be planned with town authorities. Work shall be carried out when traffic is light. It will be ensured that police provide traffic diversions whenever necessary. Workforce shall be increased to finish this work quickly.

Traffic disturbance and vibration due to trucks removing

N/T Routes shall be planned to avoid narrow streets, congested roads, important/fragile buildings, key religious & tourism sites. Work shall be planned to avoid peak traffic, main

Contractor Part of Construction Cost.


KUIDFC 41 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

waste and may cause damage to fragile buildings

tourism season.

Dust and noise from construction activities. Impact on air quality due to dust from waste soil and imported sand

N/T Due to dry climatic condition the dust generation may be considerable. Major noise generating activities such as rock blasting and use of heavy noise generating equipment are not envisaged.

The practices such as spraying of water to arrest dust shall be employed. All equipments used in construction activities shall comply with CPCB noise emission norms.

Contractor Part of Construction Cost

Waste soil shall be removed quickly, stockpiles shall be covered with tarpaulins and/or water shall be sprinkled to avoid dust pollution. Sand shall be brought (for backfill) to site when needed.

Improper disposal of Bituminous waste

M/P Bituminous waste shall be disposed in approved waste disposal sites.


Improper handling of excess soil

N/T Excess soil shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water bodies


On site accident risks for workers and the public

M/T A site Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared and implemented that includes measures to: Exclude the public from all construction sites; Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment; Provide Health & Safety training for all personnel; Follow documented procedures for all site activities; and Keep accident reports and records


Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce

M/T As above: Employment shall be provided to locals particularly affected persons identified in Resettlement Plans-50% of workforce from affected communities



KUIDFC 42 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

O & M Impacts Human health risks and contamination of soil and groundwater due to leaking sewers

M/T Sewer leaks shall be detected and repaired rapidly and effectively

ULB Part of O & M costs

Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers.

N/P No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However, nuisance shall be considered.

The suggested mitigation measures shall be implemented to avoid chocking. Sewer cleaning equipments shall be provided.


Impact on business income if customer’s access is impeded by network repair works

S/T • Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil.

• Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench.

• Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly.

• Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance


System failure due to lack/shortage of power supply

M/P Alternative power supply by generator (Capacity: 2000 KVA) for pumps will be provided at STP.


Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers Mixing of Industrial Waste water with

M/P Treatment process in the downstream will be significantly affected Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic effluent and gases

The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid mixing of industrial waste stream/hazardous waste with sewage in sewer system.

KSPCB and ULB

Part of O&M Cost


KUIDFC 43 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

sewage Odour nuisance due to STP This impact may be considered as negligible due to location of plant site and proposed buffer provision

M/P STP is located at 4000 m from the city. Future expansion of town may be considered.

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork will be created and well maintained around the site.


Potential pollution of stream/agricultural fields due to inadequate treatment.

N/P As the STP is designed for stream discharge standards, the impact may be minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.

The following effluent discharge standards for stream discharge will be ensured: BOD < 30 mg/l - Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0

ULB N/a.

Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods

M/P Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health

For cleaning of sewers one Jet Roding machine with adequate capacity will be procured. The sludge, silt, etc. extracted manually during cleaning, de-weeding and de-silting of sewers/drain/manholes by sanitary workers will be transported through mini trucks immediately and disposed off in approved landfill site or solid waste management sites.



KUIDFC 44 SPAN




Preliminary Costing

hazards. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in lagoon itself before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or landfill purpose. Sludge Management Plan (Table 4.3) shall be implemented.

Sludge removal from treatment ponds once in every 7 years

S/T Sludge will be dried and tested for absence of bacteria and pathogens


Dried sludge will be sold to farmers to fertilize land Chlorine handling and safety of workers

M/P Chlorine contact tank has been proposed with a contact time of 30 min. Hypochlorate solution will be used as disinfectant.

ULB Part of Construction and Operation Cost.

Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Immediate and proper medical attention shall be provided at emergency.

Economic benefits to local people by project

M/P STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas ULB Part of O & M costs

Discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater to water

M/T Periodic monitoring of treated effluent will be carried out. ULB Part of O & M costs A water quality-testing laboratory will be provided.

Health & Safety risks of workers and the public during repair work

M/T H&S Plan shall be prepared and operated with same measures as used in construction phase ULB

Part of O & M costs


KUIDFC 45 SPAN

Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan

Quantity of sludge generated

Duration of

Collection

Method of

collection

Treatment Method

Storage Disposal Safety measures

26449 tonnes

Once in 7 years

Manually by scrapping

Sludge is dried in lagoon itself

No storage. Dried and collected sludge will be disposed soon after the removal

Sludge will be disposed as manure to nearby agricultural lands or to land fill sites.

Workers safety must be considered. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.


KUIDFC 46 SPAN

5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING PLANS

5.1 Institutional Requirements

83. The institutional requirements for the proposed Investment Program are briefed in the

following paragraphs.

Nodal Executing Agency (EA) 84. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the

nodal executing agency responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program

implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment

Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set up within KUIDFC. The

Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU with the assistance of an Executive

Director at the Regional Office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment

Program progress.

State level Empowered Committee 85. A state level empowered committee for investment program has been constituted with

representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC. The Executive Director from

Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when required.

Implementing Agency (IA) 86. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co-ordination with various

other Departments of GoK. The program components will be implemented by ULB

reporting to Divisional Program Director. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee

sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment

Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The investment Program

Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all of its responsible

implementation activities and carry proof check of designs and quality check of

construction activities.

87. Other than the above institutional set up, District Level Program Steering Committee

will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional

reforms. The organization hierarchy is presented in Fig. 5.1.


KUIDFC 47 SPAN

Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy


KUIDFC 48 SPAN

88. The responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting

required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the

borrowing ULB. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment

Program ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed

by the PMU as per the ADB Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for

review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE

reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA

reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.

89. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the

Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the

contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures

are undertaken by the ULB itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants

as specified in the IEE.


KUIDFC 49 SPAN

Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment

Program Phase Activity Particulars Responsible

Agency Design Phase Investment Program

categorization Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) / Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for each subcomponents as per ADB Guidelines

Belgaum ULB

Review of REA/IEE and categorization of Investment Program (NKUSIP) as A/B/C as per ADB Guidelines

PMU

Environmental Assessment (EA) Study

Carrying out IEE/EIA study based on the Investment Program categorization Carrying out Public consultation and Information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/EIA Report

Investment Program Consultants

Investment Program clearances Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from concerned Govt. Agencies

ULB

Review of IEE/ EIA Review of IEE/EIA and SIEE/SEIA reports to ensure compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same

PMU

Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure – SEIA/SIEE Reports to be made available to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also to be made available.

ULB

Incorporation of mitigation measures into Investment Program design

Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program design and in contract documents


Review of design documents Review of design documents and contractual documents for compliance of mitigation measures

PMU

Construction Phase

Implementation of mitigation measures

Implementation of necessary mitigation measures given in IEE/EIA Report Contractor

Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase and monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures


Preparation of Progress Reports

Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of mitigation measures

ULB in assistance of Program Consultants (PC)

Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Carrying out environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan ULB Compliance Monitoring Compliance Monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub-

project, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan KSPCB


KUIDFC 50 SPAN

Training Requirements

90. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of

PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for

providing training to officials of PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. PMU will be

involved in the monitoring of Investment Program implementation whereas the ULB

will implement the Investment program. The implementation of mitigation measures

specified in IEE report is part of contractor’s responsibilities during construction.

However, the responsibility lies on both contractor and supervisory staff to monitor the

incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program. Hence, considering

the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the training program is

very much essential for all the Investment Program officials. The table (Table 5.2)

presents the suggested training program:

Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) Program Particulars Schedule Participants

Program - 1 Orientation Program/ Workshop for Implementing and Executing Agencies

Orientation Program –

• Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP

• ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines

• EIA requirements of NKUSIP • National (Indian) Environmental

Laws and Regulations relating to urban infrastructure Investment Program

• Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs

2 days • PMU officials involved in the Investment Program

• ULB officials

involved in the Investment Program implementation

Environmental Assessment Process –

• Investment Program categorization as per ADB

• IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports

• Identification of Environmental Impacts

• Identification of Mitigation Measures • Formulation of Environmental

Management Plan • Implementation and Monitoring • Summary EIA/IEEs • Incorporation of mitigation measures

in the Investment Program Design and Contracts

Program - 2 Orientation Program/

Implementation of Mitigation Measures

• Environment issues related to urban

1 day • Contractors involved in NKUSIP


KUIDFC 51 SPAN

Program Particulars Schedule Participants Workshop for Contractors and Supervisory Staff

infrastructure Investment Programs during construction

• Implementation of mitigation measures

• Monitoring of mitigation measures

• Supervisory staff involved in NKUSIP

Program – 3 Experience sharing

Experiences/Best Practices in the

Investment Program-

• Experiences during implementation of mitigation measures of environmental concern in the Investment Program

• Best practices followed during implementation

1day-every alternative year from the commencement of Investment program

• PMU officials • ULB officials • Local NGOs

5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans

91. Monitoring is an essential and an integral part of the implementation of the proposed

environmental mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates useful

information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures.

Component specific Environmental Monitoring for sewerage system is given in Table

5.3. This IEE and EMP are updated as per detailed design and any design changes.

Occupational health risks and safety plan for workers are given in Table 5.4 and annual

environmental cost estimate is provided in Table 5.5.


KUIDFC 52 SPAN

Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage system component

Mitigation Activities/Measures & Parameters to be monitored

Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency

Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and mitigation measures- Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents

N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before signing of the contract

PMU

All designs of components include proper consideration of environment (i.e., water and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management)

- Proposed designs of DSC

One time before final design phase

PC

Design of occupational safety measures - Proposed designs of DSC

One time before final design phase

PC

Training programs for staff by consultants -- --

As needed before and during implementation

PC

Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate monitoring of gas may not be possible due to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.

Sewer pipes and Manholes

Gas monitoring in the sewerage network

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB with the assistance of Program consultants

All location and design related Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU/ULB/PC


KUIDFC 53 SPAN




Responsibility mitigation measures to mitigate loss of amenity and nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required.

N.A.

the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents

inspection of designs

Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and Usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation measures; Construction site management plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks

N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract documents Verification of contract documents before signing the contract

One-off inspection of contract document

PMU

Implementation of Construction site management plan: dust and noise nuisance at site; and traffic maintenance

Sewer laying sites and surroundings

Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. The implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.

Weekly Contractor and ULB with the assistance of Investment Program consultants

Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land raising, infill)

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC


KUIDFC 54 SPAN




Responsibility Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated

All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when transported on trucks


Avoidance of narrow local roads when transporting soil

From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Avoidance of transporting soil during peak traffic periods

From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil in dry weather

Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Conduction of all excavation work in the dry season

All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and provide to farmers

STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Leaving spaces for access between mounds of soil

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Provision for planks/walkways to allow people & vehicles to cross open trenches

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided


Plantation and maintenance of two trees for every one removed

All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

*Compensation for businesses for lost income

Where required Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish work quickly

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Advance information to shopkeepers and residents of work

Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC


KUIDFC 55 SPAN




Responsibility Confirmation of location of infrastructure and avoid these sites

Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads


Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at same time


Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions when required


Proper planning for transport routes to avoid narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites

Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic and main festival/tourism season


Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near buildings at risk from vibration

Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and proper maintenance as specified


Consultation with authorities, custodians of buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times

Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident surveys

Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Preparation and implementation of a site H&S Plan (safety of workers/public)



KUIDFC 56 SPAN




Responsibility Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/

PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Equipment


Provision for Health and Safety training for all personnel

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Following of documented procedures for all site activities


Maintenance of accident reports and records

All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Operation Stage Monitoring Baseline water quality Bellary nallh Water quality testing for parameters

such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, coliforms, etc.

Monthly once as part

of Plant operation

ULB

Clogging of drains Sewer network sites

Proper maintenance with periodical cleaning or scrapping of drains or de-

silting/de-weeding, etc.


ULB

Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas monitoring

Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage network


ULB

Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage System

STP and Sewer network

Proper operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage and STP system.

• Frequent flushing or scraping.

Regular/routine –daily maintenance

ULB


KUIDFC 57 SPAN




Responsibility • Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. • Lagoon type; aerobic lagoons produce less odor than anaerobic lagoons. • Lagoon covers. • Windbreaks to reduce airflow across lagoons.

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site.

Check for contamination of ground water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage i) Influent wastewater quality

Inlet of STP

- Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)

- Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB


KUIDFC 58 SPAN




Responsibility ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP

Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater characteristics to comply with PCB disposal standards: • BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 • SS < 100mg/l

Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring

ULB

Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling

N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB

Emergency plan for Power supply management to minimize risks on the receiving waters

Pumping Station and STP

Under emergency situations such as power failure in the pumping stations, diesel operated generators (125KVA) have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained.

Whenever there is power (regular supply) failure

ULB

Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly and effectively

Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB


KUIDFC 59 SPAN




Responsibility Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to fertilize land

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

Advance information of work to shopkeepers and residents

Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB

Provision of walkways/planks for public and vehicles


Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas

Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Consultation with communities to avoid working during sensitive periods


Preparation and operation of H&S plan to protect workers and citizens

All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Economic benefits to local people-STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas

STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB

Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP effluent

STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge

STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Survey of public health and incidence of water borne disease

Belgaum City Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 years

ULB


KUIDFC 60 SPAN

Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers

Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility I. Construction Stage Sewerage System

Sewer lines laying sites and STP site

Trenching and laying of water supply pipelines, sewer lines and storm water drains

Respiratory problems due to dust, accidents due to traffic problems and stock piling and causing injuries or death

Providing personal protective equipments such as helmet, mask, boots, gloves, etc.

Daily inspection throughout construction stage. Monthly inspection of accident reports and complaints register

Contractor, PMU and ULB

Improper management of equipments / machines Transportation of construction materials to and from sites

Traffic Management and Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records

II. Operation Stage Sewerage system

Sewer Network sites and STP Unit

Repair work and de-silting

Eye irritation, Respiratory problems and

Providing personal protective equipments such as mask, boots, gloves, etc.

Monthly inspection of operation and

ULB


KUIDFC 61 SPAN

Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility

Sewer cleaning – sewage mixed with hazardous materials and industrial waste

skin problems such as allergy and injuries

Immediate medical attention and first aid

maintenance; and accident records

Treating ground water contamination

First aid and awareness training to staff

Gas monitoring in sewer pipes

Respiratory problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc.

STP

Chlorine handling Eye irritation, Respiratory problems -m allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. and skin problems

Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers

Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records

ULB

Monthly health check-up for workers

Handling of chemicals other than Chlorine

Training to operators for safe handling of chemicals

Maintenance of accident reports and records

Sludge handling Installation of safety showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff


KUIDFC 62 SPAN

Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) Sl. No. Item Cost (Rs.) Monitoring during Operation Phase

1 Sewage/ waste water quality testing 60,0002 Treated sewage testing at outlet point 20,0003 Gas monitoring in the sewerage network 10,000

Training cost 1 Program 1 3,0002 Program 2 3,0003 Program 3 2,000

Other 1 Group Discussions 2,0002 Health checkups for workers 50,000

TOTAL 1,50,000Amount in Figures: Rupees One lakh fifty thousand only


KUIDFC 63 SPAN

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

92. To achieve the public consultation requirements of the Asian Development Bank, the

PC undertook extensive field visits and held detailed discussions with the public,

Government Departments such as Urban Development Board, Public Works

Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sewerage

Board, etc. and CC officials. Focus group discussions were involved in Public

consultation. Ample opportunities were ensured for the public to participate in the

design process of all the project components.

93. A socioeconomic and perception survey was conducted to provide a baseline for

assessment of perceptions of residents on the environment. Baseline information was

collected by public consultation to ascertain opinions on significant environmental

conditions/features within the project area with reference to project components and the

merit or its rehabilitation.

94. During field visits, CC officials (including the commissioner) and local people (farmers,

businessmen, Govt. officials, so on) were consulted to evaluate the present situation of

the project area environment and to establish necessary mitigation measures for the

project components. These consultations have given insight into the concerns and

requirements of CC officials and publics with relation to implementation of program

components within the CC area. These contacts provided an opportunity for the local

community to involve in the initial stages of the project activities. Table 6.1 below

gives details of the Public Consultation.

Table 6.1: Details of Public consultation for the NKUSIP in Belgaum ULB Date Place Taluk District No. of

participants

12-07-2008 CC, Belgaum Belgaum Belgaum 15

13-07-2008 Bus stand Area,

Belgaum

25

13-07-2008 Railway Station

Area, Belgaum

20


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95. Overall, Public opinion was that the implementation of the project components within

the CC limits should be carried out without any delay, but should include proper

operation and maintenance, environmental mitigation measures particularly with

reference to sewerage and sanitation, improvement of the public health and the quality

of life for the local communities.

Table 6.2: Queries and Responses regarding STP during Public consultation S. No. Queries Responses

1 Will choking of drains be

stopped? Will odor

problem be stopped?

Yes. Routine maintenance will be done by

ULB.

2 Will the project enhance

the environmental

conditions of the city?

Yes. The purpose of the program is to

provide sewerage facilities and STP with due

concern to the environment.

3 Will health risks be

avoided? What about

health risks of STP

workers?

Yes. UGD and STP facilities will solve these

problems to the maximum.

Sludge Handling workers will be provided

with protective coverings to overcome any

health risks.

UGD facilities must be properly used by the

communities to avoid any water/wastewater

related health problems. Open faeciation

must be completely avoided.

A B Fig. 6.1: Public Consultation


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Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)

96. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances

not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the grievance redress committee (GRC)

established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be

transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and

adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the

affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism

through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views

of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and

implementation process.

97. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District

Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A.

E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns. In addition to the functions of the committee,

Grievance redress was included as additional functions vide GO: No. N. A. E. 167 PRJ

05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional two towns of NKUSIP

Package II – Nippani and Ilkal, which were included. Later the DLPSC was established

along the function of grievance redress vide GO: No. N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated

29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.


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7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Findings

98. The proposed Investment Program components have less significant (direct/indirect)

environmental impacts. Sewerage system improvement with Sewage Treatment Plant

component has certain environmental issues such as sludge handling and disposal; and

required mitigation measures during construction and operation phases have been

provided. The implementation of the proposed Investment program will create many

beneficial impacts on Physical, Biological and Socio-economic environment. The

nature of the proposed project component, being community upgrading, will

fundamentally improve the overall urban environment. The overall environmental

benefits will outweigh any localized impacts.

99. The suitable Activity plans required for these construction and operation specific

impacts of all program components should be prepared by the ULB in association with

Program Consultants before construction phase and must be included in the Contract

Document. The Activity Plans based on identified mitigation measures include Sludge

Management and Disposal Plan (with reference to STP) and Health Risk Plan (with

reference to health of workers involved in Sewerage system and STP). CC and

Contractors should implement these plans during program construction and operation

phases.

7.2 Recommendations

100. It is expected that the proposed project components have only minor, negative,

localized, temporary and less significant environmental impacts. These impacts can be

easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during

the Design, Construction and Post Construction Phase of the project. It is recommended

that PMU should have monitoring responsibility in environmental issues of all program

components and to ensure the environmental sustenance of NKUSIP.


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8. CONCLUSIONS

101. The Investment program emphasizes the importance of conducting an IEE to identify

environmental considerations during project component - site identification, design, and

feasibility analysis. The findings and recommendations enriched the engineering

designs to incorporate simple mitigation measures such as dust suppression, timing of

heavy equipment operation to avoid disturbances due to noise, proper handling of

domestic wastewater and its re-use for irrigation purposes, and traditional construction

practices that overlook these mundane impacts. The IEE also pointed out the need to

revise the engineering designs to avoid adverse environmental impacts, reducing

potential risk of erosion and groundwater contamination, among others.

102. The proposed Investment Program is beneficial to the environment and the society. The

project falls under the Category B of ADB's Guidelines. From this IEE, it can be

understood that this Investment Program is of small-scale and does not cause any

significant adverse environmental impacts and so a full scale EIA is not required. It is

recommended that project can be implemented with proper mitigation measures to

protect the environment. This IEE with the recommended institutional requirement and

environmental monitoring plan becomes the completed EIA. This IEE for the proposed

Investment Program meets all the required environmental criteria for subproject

selection in EARP. Present status of the project study recommends only IEE for

proposed project components. Therefore, no separate EIA is required.

APPENDICES


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APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST

Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Urban Development – Package II – Belgaum CC

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area…

• Densely populated? √

• Heavy with development activities? √ • Adjacent to or within any environmentally

sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site √ • Protected Area √ • Wetland √ • Mangrove √ • Estuarine √ • Buffer zone of protected area √ • Special area for protecting biodiversity √ • Bay √

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

• Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

√ No damage to any of the cultural/religious sensitive areas. The proposed activities are away between 100-300m from the temples

• Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

√ During the construction of UGD lines traffic and human activities may be temporarily affected with pollution caused by dust and noise generation due to construction machineries. Traffic Management Plan with proper signboards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up areas have been

Instructions: • This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is

to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

• This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a

Regional Department. • This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social

dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

• Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

SEWAGE TREATMENT


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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks suggested.

• Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

√ Land acquisition is required for project implementation. But, no human settlements near the STP site. So, there is no resettlement of people.

• Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

√ The discharged system is designed to meet the discharge norms of Inland surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and no industrial waste/treated sewages should be discharged to sewer lines, which will affect treatment.

• Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?

√ Periodic maintenance of sewer lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.

• Environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?

√ It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal has to be carried out once in 7 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Belgaum CC has to ensure that no industrial treated sewage will illegally get discharged into the sewer lines.

• Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

√ It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB.

• Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?

√ As suggested in EMP Belgaum CC has to ensure that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged into sewer lines.

• Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

√ Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is suggested to provide proper shielding such that STP operation will not have nuisance to surroundings.

• Social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

√ The local labor force will be utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase.

• Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?

√ Avoidance of road blocking and rerouting of traffic are required during construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the report.

• Noise and dust from construction activities? √ It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water.

• Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

√ Traffic management with rerouting of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction


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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks material/waste transport.

• Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ The construction wastewater will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate the water quality of discharging courses.

• Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?

√ Regular maintenance of sewer lines has to be carried out to avoid overflow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for ground water pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (10m-20m)

• Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?

√ Sludge from the bottom of C-tech method of treatment has to be removed at regular intervals (normally once in 7 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and thereby deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated. Sludge shall be disposed to farmers for agricultural purpose i.e. to increase soil fertility.

• Contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?

√ Sludge should be disposed off only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geo-synthetic lining such that it will not leach the near-by water courses/land and pollute the environment.

• Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in sewage and sludge?

√ Mixing of hazardous/industrial treated sewages with sewage may result in toxic gas formation in sewer and STP, which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided with protective boots, masks, etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge and they shall be provided with periodic health check-up facilities.