Initial Impact P/L PO Box 301 Balnarring 3926 ABN 37 006 210 920 Student name:.............................................................. Student ID:

Initial Impact P/LPO Box 301

Balnarring 3926ABN 37 006 210 920

Student name:..............................................................Student ID:.................................................Date:.............................................

SIHHHSC302A Identify and treat hair and scalp conditions

SIH30111 Certificate III in Hairdressing BLENDED DELIVERYLEARNING AND ASSESSMENT

MATERIAL

DEMONSTRATION UNIT DELIVERY STYLE - complete unit contains 32 pages

SIHHHSC302A Identify and treat hair and scalp conditions

This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to assess skin test reactions, to recognise a range of normal and abnormal conditions of the hair and scalp, and to propose and perform treatments from the salon range. This unit contains employability skills. Application of the unit.This unit applies to hairdressers in salon environments, who consult with clients presenting for a range of hairdressing services. In this context they are required to recognise allergic reactions to skin tests, normal and abnormal hair or scalp conditions, and to propose treatment procedures within the framework of health regulations governing the industry in each state and territory. A person undertaking this role applies discretion and judgement and takes responsibility for outcomes of own work. Competency field: HairdressingPerformance criteria covered within this training programme 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1,4.2,4.3

2Identify and treat hair and scalp conditions

Student assessment guide

There are two summative assessments for this unit.

ASSESSMENT A. PERFORM HAIR AND/OR SCALP TREATMENT SERVICES. OBSERVATION ASSESSMENTYou are to identify normal and abnormal hair and scalp conditions as you complete the client analysis card. You are to provide recommendations to the client on suitable treatments for their hair and scalp condition. You are to conduct a treatment service according to the condition of the hair and/or scalp. You are also required to conduct a skin patch test for allergic reactions prior to hair colouring and lightening services. You will be assessed on demonstration of your knowledge and communication, technical, numeracy and literacy skills used to perform the procedure correctly.

ASSESSMENT B. WRITTEN KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS.You are required to complete a knowledge questions test for this unit. The test covers the information in this learning material.


FORMATIVE TASKS.Formatives are activities located throughout the learning material which you need to complete and submit to your trainer for comments. They allow you to continually demonstrate your ability to perform the required skills and knowledge for this unit.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS.The summative assessment uses the performance criteria, range statement, critical evidence and employability skillsas the checklist for demonstration of the required skills and knowledge. Your trainer will deem you either competent or not yet competent based on your performance in the summative.


Health of hair and scalp

Working in the hair industry requires you to care about your client’s hair and scalp and to advise them on the correct products to maintain their hair and scalp in good condition.

Client consultation.You need to ask your client questions to gain information that will help you assess the condition of their hair.Questions such as;When was your last hair service?What hair products do you use at home?How often do you shampoo and condition your hair?

Normal hair and scalp.This hair type appears shiny and healthy without being oily or dry. It is easy to manage and looks good. The scalp is also not oily or day.Oily hair and scalp.Oily hair and scalp is due to overactive sebaceous glands. The hair and scalp looks and feels greasy. If the hair is not washed regularly a slight odour will arise from the scalp.Dry hair and scalp.Dry hair does not contain enough moisture so it has no shine and feels dry. A dry scalp will sometimes be itchy or have dandruff present.Physical damage.This may be caused by exposure to sun, wind and salt water or it could be the result of continual use of thermal equipment such as hair dyers, tongs or straightening irons.Chemical damage.This is caused by frequent chemical treatments such as perming, bleaching and colouring.


CLIENT ANALYSIS CARDDIAMETER OF HAIR

Coarse Medium Fine

HAIR DENSITYSparse Medium Thick

HAIR ELASTICITYGood Poor

HAIR LENGTHShort Medium Long

EXISTING CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON HAIRPermanent Demi-permanent (non-lift) Bleach

Metallic dyes Permed NIL

SCALP CONDITIONNormal Oily Oily crustDry Dandruff AbrasionsSores or lesions Swelling Psoriasis

Skin patch test results:Contraindications to service and/or massage:

PRODUCTS USED IN SALONShampoo ________________________________________________Conditioner ______________________________________________Treatment _______________________________________________________________Equipment used in treatment_______________________________________________

HOME CARE PRODUCT ADVICEShampoo ________________________________________________Conditioner _____________________________________________Treatment __________________________________________________Styling ____________________________________________________


The development of skin disorders

Germs.Germs are living organisms which can cause disease.There are three types of germs.•Bacteria.•Virus.•Fungi.

Bacteria.These are minute, one-celled vegetable micro-organisms found almost everywhere, especially in dirt, dust, rubbish and diseased tissue. Bacteria exists on the skin and in water. It is only visible by a microscope, with up to 1500 bacteria fitting across a pin head. They vary greatly in size and shape and can reproduce at a rate of billions per day. Bacteria is classed as a parasite as it lives off another living host.

www.anselm.edu

Bacteria growth and reproduction.Bacteria generally consists of an outer cell wall and internal protoplasm. It has two distinct phases in its life cycle.•The active or vegetative stage.•The inactive or spore forming stage.

Bacteria grow and reproduce during the active stage and multiply best in warm, dark, damp and dirty places. A bacteria cell can grow to its limit in size in approximately 20-30 minutes. It then divides into halves, forming two daughter cells. From one bacterium 16 million germs can develop in half a day. When growing conditions change, bacteria can either die or become inactive.Cell division of bacteria is called binary fission.


Inactive or spore forming bacteria

Bacteria, when it is in its inactive stage, form spores which have a tough outer covering able to withstand periods of dryness. They can be blown around in dust and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold. Bacteria is classified as either harmful (pathogenic) or harmless (non-pathogenic).

Pathogenic bacteria.This type of bacteria produces disease. They live as parasites on the blood or tissue of humans or animals. They are carried in the blood of the human or animal and they multiply and release toxins (poisons) which are responsible for the signs and symptoms of disease. The amount of poisons they produce is seen in the degree of illness that the person or animal suffers.

Pathogenic bacteria enters the body through;•A break in the skin, being a cut or abrasion.•The mouth through eating or drinking.•The nose through breathing.•The eyes or ears through dirt.

The body fights infection through;•Unbroken skin.•Body secretions such as perspiration and digestive juices.•White blood cells in the blood which destroy bacteria.•Anti-toxins which counteract the toxins produced by the bacteria.

Pathogenic bacteria may be classified as;•Cocci – round shaped organisms appearing individually or in groups.•Bacilli – rod shaped organisms in short, thin or thick structures.•Spirillae – curved or spiral shaped single cell organisms.

Bacilli bacteria

Cocci bacteria


Infection transmission

Infectious diseases can be spread in a variety of ways. This is referred to as transmission routes which are spread through droplet transmission and skin contact. Some infections can be spread directly by skin-to-skin contact or indirectly by contact with contaminated surfaces like clothing. Diseases with respiratory tract symptoms (runny nose, cough, sore throat) are often spread by droplets containing viruses or bacteria or by surfaces contaminated with nose and throat discharges. Droplets are generated during coughing, sneezing or talking. These “large” droplets travel less than three feet before falling to the ground and do not remain suspended in the air. Before falling to the ground, droplets may be deposited on the mucous membranes of the eye, nose, or mouth of another person within three feet, resulting in disease transmission.

Cocci.There are a great many specific bacteria that are categorized as cocci. Most of the cocci are very small single cells. Cocci team up with others of the same species to form colonies and groups. These groups can take on larger shapes. Some of the more common bacterial infections are caused by cocci bacteria.

The Neisseria bacteria are cocci that are often found in pairs. This grouping makes them diplococci, meaning "two cocci". The Neisseria genus includes the bacteria that cause gonorrhea and meningitis.

The Streptococci are common bacteria that organise into chains. There are many different sub-groups of the streptococci. Depending on the specific species, the streptococci can cause disease ranging from strep throat to rheumatic fever. They can also cause pneumonia, meningitis and scarlet fever.

The last significant group of cocci are the staphylococci. These are commonly found in clusters,often referred to as "grape-like" in appearance. There are literally dozens of different speciesin the staphylococci family, many of which are harmful to people. Staph infections are commonly seen in food poisoning.

Bacteria virus


Non-pathogenic bacteria

This type of bacteria is harmless and can be found on human skin and hair. It is created from nutrients secreted from the sweat and oil glands in the skin. The use of strong soaps and detergents can break down the non-pathogenic bacterial protection on the skin allowing harmful bacteria (pathogenic) to start infections.

Non-pathogenic bacteria is beneficial as;•They cause decay of dead matter, increasing the supply of nitrogen to soil and improving its quality. This is seen in compost of vegetable waste.•They are used in the production of food such as cheese and the fermentation of wine and beer.•They show distinct forms and shapes which aid in their identification.

Structure of bacteria

Infections and disease

Viruses.Viruses are a lot smaller than bacteria. They are large groups of diseaseproducing plant like organisms. They are usually invisible.

They are responsible for;•Cold sores (herpes simplex).•Chicken-pox.•Measles.•Warts.•Influenza.•Common cold.•Mumps.•AIDS.•Hepatitis A + B.

Fungal infections.The majority of fungi are non-pathogenic. Fungal skin diseases often occur in tropical climates where the weather is warm and moist. Fungi may spread from one part of the body to another and may originate from an infected dog or cat. They can also be transmitted from person to person directly or indirectly in public places. This could be swimming pools, public showers or hairdressing salons. They are a vegetable parasite.


Cold sorewww.about.com

Warts are small, usually painless growths on the skin

www.visualdxhealth.com

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/imagepages/2172.htm

Sarcoptes scabiei – Scabies

Scabies is a common disease of the skin caused by a crab-shaped mite. It is not spread by animals. The first sign of scabies is an intense itching felt shortly after getting into a warm bed, during a hot shower or when the body gets warm.

You catch scabies by being in very close contact with an infected person. Occasionally they can be caught from soiled sheets freshly contaminated by infected persons.

The adult female burrows into the skin causing irritation usually around the finger webs, anterior surfaces of writs and elbows, waist-line and thighs. The external genitalia may be infected in men and in women, the skin around the nipples, the abdomen and the lower portion of the buttocks may be affected.

Scabies rarely affects the scalp although when conducting a manicure service the condition may be noticed. Follow the same principles of disinfection used for head lice.

The first signs are slightly elevated, small, itchy red spots on the skin near the tiny openings of the burrow made by the female. These burrows are very difficult to see. Under a magnifying glass, the whitish oval females may be seen beneath the skin surface at the blind end of the burrow. Continual scratching of the skin can lead to infection. Medical advice for treatment must be sought.


Scabies mite

http://www.healthy-skin-guide.com/pictures-of-scabies.html


FORMATIVE 1. CONDUCT AN ALLERGY PATCH TEST. PRACTICE SESSIONYou are required to conduct an allergy patch test. Write down the steps you took to conduct the procedure and the results. Submit your written steps to your facilitator.

ALLERGY TEST PROCEDURESTUDENT NAME DATE:Procedure

Results


NON CONTAGIOUS SCALP AND SKIN CONDITIONSPsoriasis This is a scaly condition that affects the scalp, elbows and knees. It is seen as sharply defined red inflamed patches of

skin which become covered in dry silvery scales. The skin is often itchy. It is an inherited skin disorder and is not contagious. It has been noted that stress may inflame psoriasis. Hairdressers are not qualified to treat it so advise the client to see a medical doctor or dermatologist for treatment. If the client is suffering from psoriasis it is advisable to avoid any chemical work on the hair. The client should be using a very mild shampoo.

Pityriasis simplex Pityriasis simplex is the technical term for simple dandruff. It is recognised by flakes of skin breaking away from the surface of the scalp, falling onto the shoulders when the hair is brushed. Dandruff is not contagious and is usually treated with creams containing tar and salicylic acid or anti-dandruff shampoos.

Pityriasiscapitis

This is the more advanced form of dandruff. The scales are waxy, yellowish in colour, crusty to touch and tend to stick to the scalp. Underneath the scales the skin may be pink. It is not contagious although no irritating chemicals should be used on the scalp.

Pityriasis seborrhoea

This is the term for ‘running of sebum’. It is an oily skin condition caused by overactive sebaceous glands.

Seborrhoea oleosa

This term describes acute dandruff brought about by an excessive discharge of sebum. The hair is very lank and greasy with the scalp being covered with thick, sticky scales.

Seborrheic dermatitis

This condition usually occurs on the scalp but can spread to the face and be quite itchy. In mild cases it is seen as greasy scales over a pinkish area of skin. In serious cases the skin becomes dull and yellowish red in colour being covered with greasy yellow scales. The scalp is moist underneath the scales. Advise the client to see a skin specialist or a trichologist.

Sebaceous cysts These occur when the overactive sebaceous gland is blocked by a thick plug of hardened oil and fills with pus. The size varies on the scalp from a pea to a walnut. If the client asks for advice refer them to a doctor who will remove the cyst.

Basal cell carcinoma

This is the most common skin cancer and is found on the face and neck. It usually appears as smooth, shiny, translucent lesions.

Melanomas These are the rarest and most dangerous skin cancer. Melanomas look like a freckle or mole which appear to change shape and colour over a period of time. They are irregular in shape.


Occupation Health and Safety requirements Occupational Health and Safety guidelines. The following is a list of safety precautions that you must adhere to before and during a salon service.•Closed shoes must be worn.•Follow M.S.D.S recommendations.•Follow product manufacturers’ instructions.•Check the scalp for abrasions. Do not proceed with the service if there are any open cuts or irritations.•Check for infectious diseases.•Check for non contagious conditions.•Follow infection control guidelines.•Protect the client’s clothing.

Preventing the spread of disease.•Wear disposable gloves.•Wash equipment in warm, clear water and detergent. Rinse detergent away with running water.•Adhere to the disinfecting method for equipment that is part of salon policy.•Dispose of any contaminated waste in an identified container that can be sealed.•Wash your hands after you remove the gloves in case the gloves may have torn during the service and infection may have entered.•Always place a sealed dressing on any cuts or abrasions on your hands.•Wash your hands after every client. Always keep your fingernails clean.

Alopecia

Alopecia is the technical term for baldness or hair loss. The loss of hair may be complete, partial, temporary or permanent. Alopecia is not contagious.


TYPES OF ALOPECIAAlopecia areata This is where hair suddenly falls out leaving single or multiple round or oval shaped patches of

baldness. It is an autoimmune problems, which means that one group of white blood cells attacks some cells in the hair.

Alopecia totalis This is hair loss from the scalp, beard and eyelashes. May be caused by disease of the follicle or a reaction to medication.

Alopecia universalis

This describes hair loss from the entire body. May be caused by disease of the follicle or a reaction to medication. Normally hair will regrow but not as thick as before.

Traction alopecia This is baldness caused by the hair being pulled back and held under tension for long periods of time. This usually occurs at the hairline or other parts of the scalp from tight braiding, pony tails or over brushing of the hair.

Male pattern baldness

This hair loss occurs due to an inherited trait from either parent. It commences at the front hairline and moves back to the crown leaving a horseshoe effect around the perimeter of the head. Hair pieces and hair transplants are an option for men.

Female pattern baldness

This hair loss occurs due to an inherited trait from either parent. Hair loss in women is less rapid than in men occurring at the top and front areas of the head. Recommend the client chooses lighter colours rather than darker for their hair as this makes the hair loss less obvious.

Trichotillomania This is a condition where a person pulls out their own hair. It is a self inflicted problem and reflects an underlying stress related disorder. Medical advice should be taken for this condition.


Treating hair and scalp conditions

Protein treatments.Protein loss occurs when chemicals are used on the hair. Because loss of protein weakens the structure of the hair the replacement of protein becomes the predominant factor when selecting hair treatments. Protein will help to strengthen the hair shaft by filling in the gaps left by the chemical change.

A protein filler or porosity equaliser is often used on the hair prior to a chemical service. This is not rinsed out but left in the hair. The hair may be given a more intensive treatment by sectioning into cobweb partings and applying the product to the whole head or only the affected areas. Always follow manufacturers’ instructions when applying and removing their products. There are many product brands available for protein treatments.

Moisture treatments.Water molecules from the atmosphere move in and out of the hair shaft as the humidity in the air changes. Moisture in hair makes the hair more manageable. Hair lacking in moisture will appear brittle, fly-away and may have split ends due to physical damage. Chemical treatments also removes moisture content. Natural dryness of the hair can be caused by internal factors.

Usually a moisture treatment is applied to the whole head, using cobweb partings for a thorough application. It is important to rinse thoroughly, removing all traces of product from the hair to avoid affecting other services. Always follow manufacturer’s instructions when applying and removing their products. There are many product brands available for moisture treatments.


HAIR TREATMENT GUIDEHair description Problem Corrective treatment

Chemically treated hair Blow dried dailyFine texture

Protein lossMoisture lossLacks protein

Low moistureHigh protein

Virgin hair (no treatments)Blow dried and tongs used dailyFine texture

Moisture lossMoisture lossProtein loss

High moisture

Medium textureLank hair appears to hug head

Too much moisture High proteinLow moisture

Coarse texture, naturally dryWiry fly-away and unmanageable

Moisture lossMoisture loss

High moistureLow protein

Medium texturePermed and coloured frequently

Protein loss High moistureLow protein

Coarse texturePermanent coloured hairSalt water damage

Moisture lossProtein lossProtein and moisture loss

Equal parts protein and moisture

Medium textureChemically treatedBlow dries daily

Protein lossMoisture loss

Equal parts protein and moisture


Applying conditioning treatments

A thorough hair and scalp analysis is required before any treatment is commenced on the client.

Treatments come in the form of;•Protein reconstructants.•Lanolin, cholesterol or lecithin based products.•Alcohol based products - they can increase the blood flow through the small scalp blood vessels. •Zinc based products – used in medicated products to inhibit dandruff.•Coal tar based products – used to relieve psoriasis.

Tonic or pre-shampoo preparations are usually formulated for the scalp. They are rubbed into the hair to increase blood circulation and stimulates the muscles and glands of the scalp. The are used instead of treatments creams when the scalp requires stimulation or the hair is oily.

Creams applied after shampooing are beneficial to the hair and scalp. They are used when the hair and scalp are dry. They can be applied with a tint brush, starting at the crown and taking small sections in a cobweb sectioning pattern. Treatment creams re-introduce moisture to the hair and scalp making the hair more supple and easy to manage.

A pre shampoo treatment is usually related to scalp problems such as oily hair, hair loss and dandruff. After shampoo treatments are usually applied when the hair and scalp require moisture.


Scalp massage

Most people love scalp massages. How good you are at giving scalp massages can reflect on the level of customer service provided by the salon operator. A massage promotes healthy hair and scalp and can assist in the disorders of dandruff and hair loss.

Massage involves the manipulation of the scalp by rubbing, pinching, kneading and stroking with the hands and fingers.Scalp massage should not be given before a perm, tint, straightening or bleaching service.

Massage benefits.•Circulatory system. Massage stimulates the blood supply to the hair papilla and the hair follicle. It provides extra oxygen, glucose and amino acids for cell growth.•Lymphatic system. The lymphatic system deals with lymph. Its main function is to guard the body against harmful germs and to keep the immune system functioning at a high level. Massage stimulates the conveying of nourishment and oxygen from the blood to the cells and removes their waste products to the blood.•Sebaceous glands. Massage causes the sebaceous gland to secrete more sebum. These natural oils benefit a dry scalp.•Nervous system. Massage stimulates sensory receptors in the dermis sending soothing messages to decrease tension.•Muscles. Massage will relax and tone the muscles of the neck and scalp and relieve tension.

Contraindications to massage.•Client has an infectious condition.•Broken skin.•An inflamed scalp.•Sunburn.•A circulatory disorder.•Very oily hair and scalp.

Brushing the hair before a scalp massage;•Stimulates blood circulation.•Distributes sebum from the surface of the scalp along the hair shaft.•Removes dead skin cells, dust and dirt from the scalp.


The four basic manipulations for a head massageManipulation Movement Effect

Effleurage(ef-loo-rahzh)

Light, gliding strokes or circular motions made with the palms of the hands or pad of the fingertips. Often used to begin and end a treatment

Relaxing and soothing

Petrissage (pay-tre-sahzh)

Light to heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles. Performed by kneading muscles between the thumb and fingers

Deep stimulation and promotes blood circulation

Tapotment(tah-poht-mant)

Light tapping applied with the straight fingers or partly flexed fingers

Stimulates nerves, increases blood circulation

Friction(frik-shun)

A quick rubbing action back and forth with the fingertips. Move to different spots on the scalp.

Stimulates nerves, increase blood circulation

Waste management practices.•Ensure that you follow salon procedures for the safe disposal of all waste materials used in the treatment. •Follow salon policies on efficient use of energy, water and products.•Ensure that you follow salon policies on waste minimisation and recycling is conducted to reduce impact on the environment.


Home hair care

Each salon provides a range of take home products. Knowledge of these products is essential so that you can recommend home hair care products for your client. You should be offering take-home products every time you are providing services to clients. The basics are shampoos and conditioners. Maybe your client could use a home treatment product in-between visits to the salon.

•Explain the benefits of home hair care products so that your client can maintain their hair condition at home.•Explain to the client that excessive heat from tongs and straightening irons can cause damage to the hair. •Explain the affects of exposure to the sun and suggest options to protect the hair from the sun. Suggest your client wears a hat while out in the sun.•Suggest the appropriate styling products which may assist to protect the hair.

FORMATIVE 2. CONDUCT CLIENT HAIR AND SCALP TREATMENTS. PRACTICE SESSIONSYou are to practice the procedures for hair and scalp treatments. You are to complete the client analysis card each time you do a procedure.


Alopecia Hair loss Effleurage A stroking movement used at the beginning and end of every massage

Alopecia areata Patchy baldness Excretion Waste discharge from the skin - sweat

Alopecia totalis Total loss of hair of the scalp Filler Conditioner designed to equalise porosity in the hair shaft before chemical treatments

Alopecia universalis

Total loss of hair from all parts of the body

Friction Small circular movement used in scalp massage

Bacteria Micro-organisms found everywhere, some are harmful, most are harmless

Hairline Boundary between the scalp and the skin of the face and neck

Crimazon Infra-red heat source Heredity Characteristics of parents that are passed onto children

Dandruff Over production and shedding of skin scales from the scalp

Infectious Describes a diseased which can be passed from person to person

Dermatitis Inflammation of the skin caused by external elements

Infestation An attack on the body by small animal parasites

Glossary

Glossary


Lice Insects living on the head which take nourishment by sucking blood from the skin

Seborrhoea oleosa

Over active oil glands resulting in oily hair and oily dandruff

Male pattern baldness

Most common type of alopecia Seborrheic dermatitis

Greasy scales on the scalp

Massage The general term for rubbing and kneading to increase blood flow to massaged areas

Sebaceous cysts Blocked oil glands that becomes infected

Petrissage Main massage movement involving kneading action

Tinea capitis Ringworm of the scalp

Pityriasis capitis More advanced form of dandruff Ultraviolet rays Rays from the sun which cause sunburn

Psoriasis This is a scaly condition that affects the scalp

Pityriasis simplex

Simple dandruff

Pityriasis seborrhoea

Oily hair

This completes the learning material for this unit.


SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT A. Marking criteria


SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT B.

Documents

Initial Impact P/L PO Box 301 Balnarring 3926 ABN 37 006 210 920 Student name:.............................................................. Student ID: