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Initiatives in Transport Sector
- Abhay Damle,
Joint Secretary,
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Evolution of Emission Standards
Standard Equivalent Year Region
India 2000 Euro 1 2000 Nationwide
Bharat Stage II Euro 2 2001 - 2005 Phased Implementation
Bharat Stage III Euro 3 2005 - 2010 Phased Implementation
Bharat Stage IV Euro 4 2010 - 2017 Phased Implementation
Bharat Stage VI Euro 6 2020 Nationwide
Consumption of Fuel
Year Consumption in ‘000 MT)
MS HSD
2016-17 23765 76027
2015-16 21847 74647
2014-15 19075 69416
2013-14 17128 68364
2012-13 15744 69080
2011-12 14993 64750
2010-11 14192 60071
2009-10 12818 56242
2008-09 11258 51710
Year Consumption (in ‘000 MT )
MS HSD
2007-08 10332 47669
2006-07 9286 42897
2005-06 8647 40191
2004-05 8251 39650
2003-04 7897 37074
2002-03 7570 36645
2001-02 7011 36546
2000-01 6613 37958
Since 2000, the consumption of Gasoline and Diesel has doubled and quadrupled respectively.
Consumption of Fuel
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Co su ptio i ‘000 MT) MS
Co su ptio i ‘000 MT) HSD
Year Population of
Automobiles
2016-17 218621280
2015-16 204689710
2014-15 197243710
2013-14 184232230
2012-13 177937010
2011-12 173766240
2010-11 154813810
2009-10 122953970
Year Population of Automobiles
2008-09 97242430
2007-08 96544350
2006-07 101239880
2005-06 89064280
2004-05 78976290
2003-04 68105370
2002-03 59415350
2001-02 52252580
2000-01 46434220
Automobile Growth
Since 2000, the number of automobiles has more than quadrupled.
Since 2000, the number of automobiles has more than quadrupled.
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
Population of Automobiles
Leap Frogging from BSIV to BSVI
7 Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Pollution Control In India Fuel Quality In India
10 ppm entire country BSVI Nationwide-2020
50 ppm 2010 - 2017
350 ppm Sulphur 2005 - 2010
500 ppm Sulphur 2004 - 2005
2500 ppm Sulphur -1997 - 2000
5000 ppm Sulphur 1996 - 1997
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W
Year CO
g/km
HC + NOx
g/km
%
CO
% HC+NOx
1991 12 8 -- --
2017 1.403 1.18 88 85
2020 1.0 0.16 29 86
1/12 times
1/50 times
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W
Year CO
g/km
HC + NOx
g/km
%
CO
%
HC+NOx
1991 12 8 -- --
2017 0.940 0.940 92 98
2020 0.440 0.435 53 54
1/27 times
1/18 times
3W Emission Norms SI
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W
3W Emission Norms Diesel
Year CO
g/km
HC +
NOx
g/km
PM
g/km
% CO %
HC+NOx
% PM
1991 12 8 -- -- -- --
2017 0.380 0.380 0.0425 97 95 --
2020 0.220 0.200 0.025 42 47 41
1/6 times
1/55 times
1/40 times
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W
4W Emission Norms Diesel
Year CO
g/km
HC +
NOx
g/km
HC
g/km
NOx
g/km
PM
g/km
PN
g/km
1991 14.3 4.7 -- -- -- --
2010 0.5 0.3 -- 0.25 0.035 --
2020 0.5 0.17 -- .08 0.0045 6.0X1011
1/29 times
1/28 times
1/31 times
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W
4W Emission Norms SI vehicle
Year CO
g/km
HC + NOx
g/km
HC
g/km
NOx
g/km
PM
g/km
PN (GDI)
Numbers/km
1991 14.3 -- 2.0 -- -- --
2010 1.0 - 0.10 0.08 -- --
2020 1.0 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.0045 6.0X1011 1/14 times
1/19 times
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W-HDV
4W-HDV Emission Norms steady state cycle
1/9 times
1/45 times
1/36 times
Year CO
g/kWh
HC
g/kWh
NOx
g/kWh
PM
g/kWh
PN
Numbers/kW
h
1991 14 3.5 18 -- --
2010 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 --
2020 1.5 0.13 0.40 0.01 8.0X1011
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
BSVI- Overview for 2W, 3W And 4W-HDV
4W-HDV Emission Norms Transient cycle
Year CO
g/kW
h
HC
g/kWh
NOx
g/kWh
PM
g/kWh
PN
Numbers/k
Wh
2005 5.45 0.78 5.0 0.16 --
2010 4.0 0.46 3.5 0.03 --
2020 1.5 0.13 0.46 0.01 6.0X1011
1/1.5 times
1/12 times
1/10 times
BOOST TO
ALTERNATE FUELS
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
17
Alternate Fuels
Alternative fuels (specially Natural Gas), proved to be promising
alternate energy source from the point of view of
emission reduction
economics of operation
Indian regulations are being continuously upgraded Performance
and safety aspects are given equal importance
Gradual harmonization with International regulations .
Emphasis to be given on involving all the stake holders.
The real challenge ahead is to ensure the best safety practices and
continuous up gradation of technology in Alternate fuelled vehicles .
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Ethanol & Ethanol Blended fuel
• Ethanol is a renewable, domestically produced alcohol fuel made from plant
material, such as corn, sugar cane
• E5 and E10 are blends of ethanol and gasoline
[number after the "E" indicates the percentage of ethanol]
• E85, also called flex fuel, is an ethanol-gasoline blend containing approx 85% (range
is 51% to 85% )ethanol and 15% petrol
• Govt has issued a regulation for E-85 as an automotive fuel
• ED95 Ethanol Blend; Compression-ignition (diesel operation) engine system; This
improves engine efficiency.
Govt has issued a regulation for ED95 as an automotive fuel
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Bio-Diesel It is cleaner than conventional diesel; bio diesel produces significantly
less harmful emissions than regular petroleum diesel when burned in a combustion engine.
It can be burned in neat form (100% bio diesel) or it can be blended with regular petroleum diesel in any concentrations, such as 2% (B2), 5% (B5) and 20% (B20)
Govt has notified B-100 as an automotive fuel Di-Methyl Ether (DME)
• Cetane number of DME is more than 55, so it is a suitable fuel for Compression Ignition Engine
• Properties are similar to LPG
• Best fuel for CI engine
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Methanol- CI Engine
• High hydrogen to Carbon ratio
• High octane blending component that allows for higher compression and decreases
CO emissions
• Fuel made from non petroleum feedstock such as natural gas, coal and
residue/biomass etc.
• Toxicity is an issue which is being addressed , by adding additives.
Hydrogen as a fuel
• Clean fuel with only NOx emissions.
• Can be used in IC engines and Fuel cells
• Safety is critical due to high flammability of the fuel.
• Metal Embrittlement tendency requires composite cylinders for storage.
• Hydrogen as auto fuel is notified for BS VI vehicles
Dual Fuel Combustion Technologies
• A Dual fuel engine is a CI engine
• Dual fuel engine runs on Diesel and Natural Gas (LNG/CNG/Bio CNG) simultaneously
• Small Pilot Injection of diesel ignites gas mixture
• Average substitution of Diesel by Gas is 60 – 85 %
• Engine can run on 100 % Diesel anytime
• Technology best suited for larger engines
Emission Reduction by 30-40 %
Regulations for the use of Dual Fuel Diesel-CNG
technology are under preparation
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
E-Rickshaw and Electric Mobility
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
E-Rickshaw- Salient Features
“E-rickshaw” means a special purpose battery operated vehicle having three
wheels and intended to provide last mile connectivity for transport of passengers for
hire or reward, provided:
i) Such vehicle is constructed or adapted to carry not more than four passengers,
excluding the driver, and not more than forty kilograms luggage in total;
ii) The net power of its motor is not more than 2000 W;
iii) The maximum speed of the vehicle is not more than 25km/h
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Greening of Highways
• India intends to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalents
through additional forests and tree cover by 2030 through national afforestation programmes and
large scale plantations schemes.
• The Green Highways Policy – 2015, Govt of India - to undertake afforestation in the form of median
and avenue plantation along 1 lakh KM National Highways network. This greening program has
potential of bringing around 4 lakh acres (1.62 lakh ha) area under green cover, thereby
contributing towards sequestration of 12 lakh MT of carbon annually.
• In last one year, plantation of around 10 lakh plants including median plantation have already been
undertaken along National Highways, with current year target of planting 20 lakh more trees.
Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Recycling in Road Construction
Recycling has been practiced on around 6000 lane Km so far.
Advantages:
• Engineering – Gradation, Geometry, Durability, Roughness Index, Quality revived
• Environment – Conservation of Aggregates & Bitumen by re-use of existing road material
• Economic- Saves to the extent of 10-30% with respect to conventional methodology
Environment Benefits =
Energy
Conservation + Resource
Preservation
Engineering = Profile
Geometry +
Durability
Economics - and Society
Benefits
THANK YOU
Conserving Now, Preserving Future