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Pre-Write Take out a sheet of paper and write whatever you want about the following question. Please write as much as you want but no less than 3 complete sentences How has learning about how the body works and heals itself help strengthen your faith in God? If it hasn’t write about that as well.
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Injuries to the Thoracic Through Coccygeal Spine
Chapter 10 Injuries to the Thoracic Through Coccygeal Spine
Pre-Write Take out a sheet of paper and write whatever you want
about the following question. Please write as much as you want but
no less than 3 complete sentences How has learning about how the
body works and heals itself help strengthen your faith in God? If
it hasnt write about that as well. Anatomy Review of the Thoracic
Spine
Thoracic spine is composed of 12 vertebrae that articulate with the
cervical and lumbar spines. The thoracic spine, corresponding 12
pairs of ribs, and sternum form the thoracic cage. Common Sports
Injuries
Are rare but consist of both soft and skeletal injuries. Skeletal
Injuries of the Thoracic Vertebrae Compression fractures of the
vertebral body are most common injury. Such fractures usually occur
at junction of thoracic and lumbar spine. Athlete with recent
history of trauma to the region in conjunction with pain or
numbness should be referred to a physician. Common Sports
Injuries
Scheuermanns disease is adolescent condition characterized by
kyphosis. Children with chronic thoracic pain should be evaluated.
Scoliosis Lordosis Vertebrate Fractures Rib Fractures Such
fractures are associated with direct blows to lateral or posterior
thorax and can occur anywhere along the rib. The ribs commonly
fracture near the anatomic angle, which is the weakest point. Rib
Fractures (cont.) Signs and symptoms include: Painful
respiration.
Deformity in the region of the injury, including a protruding rib
or depression where the normal contour of the rib should be. Rib
Fractures (cont.) Pain when rib cage is gently compressed
Swelling and discoloration Posterior rib fractures can potentially
result in a pneumothorax (collapsed lung)or a hemothorax. (blood in
pleural cavity) Hemothorax Pneumothorax Rib Fractures (cont.) First
Aid Immediate application of RICE.
Treat for shock. Refer athlete to physician. Sprains Sprains occur
whenever a joint is forced beyond its normal ROM resulting in
damage to ligaments and joint capsules. Evaluation of a sprain to
the thoracic spine is difficult. A consistent symptom is painful
respiration. Sprains First Aid Apply RICE.
If dyspnea (difficulty or painful breathing) persists for more than
24 hours, refer the athlete to a physician. Strains Strains:
Involve contractile tissue and their support structures, such as
the erector spinae and intercostals. Are related to maximal
exertions. Result in muscle spasm and point tenderness. First Aid
Application of RICE to the injured area. Lumbar Spine Region
Anatomy Review Five vertebrae are in lumbar spine.
Lumbar vertebrae are the largest moving vertebrae. The major
ligaments are the anterior and posterior longitudinal. Lumbar Spine
Region The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae.
The sacrum connects the spinal column to the pelvis. Right and left
sacroiliac (SI) joints are formed by the union of the sacrum and
pelvis. Coccyx (tailbone) is most distal portion of the vertebral
column. 3 Major Joints in the Lumbar Spine.
The lumbosacral The sacroiliac Sacrococcygeal. Spondylolysis and
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis is a defect in the neural arch (pars
interarticularis).Such defects compromise the articulation between
two vertebrae. If the condition is bilateraI, the affected vertebra
can slip forward resulting in spondylolisthesis. Spondylolysis and
Spondylolisthesis (cont.)
Symptoms includelower back pain that worsens during hyperextension,
and radiating pain to the buttocks and upper thighs. Treatment
includesrest, drug therapy, lumbar bracing, exclusion from certain
sports, and surgery. Traumatic Fractures: Lumbar Spine
Such fractures are uncommon in sports. External blows may result in
internal injury. Deep abdominal pain, hematuria (blood in the
urine), and shock are signs and symptoms of internal injury.
Immobilize on spine board and transport to medical facility. Broken
Coccyx Blows to the coccyx can result from landing on the buttocks.
Fractures of the coccyx result in severe pain, point tenderness,
swelling, and bruising. Refer athlete to physician for evaluation.
Lumbar Region -- Strains & Sprains
Strains and sprains are the most common soft-tissue injuries in the
lumbar spine. Major joints include: Lumbosacral. Sacroiliac.
Sacrococcygeal. Lumbar Strains & Sprains (cont.)
Signs and symptoms include: Localized muscle spasm. Pain that does
not radiate into buttocks or lower extremity. Acute postural
abnormalities associated with recent trauma. First Aid Have athlete
maintain a supine position with soft support for lumbar region and
application of ice. If not improved in 24 hours, refer to
physician. Lumbar Disk Injuries A serious form of soft tissue
injury is a herniated disk. Most commonly occurs at L4 or L5.
Anatomy of a disk includes annulus fibrosis (outer ring) and
nucleus pulposus (inner ring). Lumbar Disk Injuries (cont.)
Herniation results from a weakened annulus that allows nucleus
pulposus to protrude through the wall of the annulus. Herniated
Disk Protrusion may put pressure directly on spinal nerves
resulting in: Intense local or radiating pain. Sensory loss or
burning/tingling sensation in lower extremity. Muscle spasm and
postural abnormalities. Lumbar Disk Injuries (cont.)
First Aid Place athlete in supine or most comfortable position.
Support lumbar region with rolled towel or other soft material.
Apply crushed ice to lumbar region. Arrange for transport to
medical facility.