Innovation and Intellectual Property as Engines for ... · 3. Market analysis 4. Target clients and market segments 5. Variety design and market positioning 6. Intellectual property

Innovation and Intellectual Property as Engines for Competitive Agribusiness:

Empowering Women Researchers and Entrepreneurs in Africa

Casablanca, Morocco, November 15 to 17, 2017

Promoting New Plant Varieties for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity and Food Security

15th November, 2017

Faith Maluki

Tea Breeder- Unilever Tea Kenya

[email protected]/[email protected]

Empowering Women Researchers and Entrepreneurs in Africa, Casablanca, 2017

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Good quality

Drought tolerance

Tolerance to pest and disease

TEA BREEDING OBJECTIVES

Adaptability to growing locations

High yield

Altitude Range

1,720-2,305 masl

Case Study: Tea Breeding


Tea Breeding Process

Closed flower

Emasculated flower Flower with pollen

Manual hand

pollination

Mature fruit

Covering a pollinated

flower

Netting Harvested seeds Seedlings

Mature tree


Pollination to seed harvesting

HPT

Germination and nursery

Process Duration

Cloning and nursery

MCT

Selection & nursery

CFT

Bulking , registratio

n& commercial release

1yr

1 yr

2yrs

1yr

2yrs

1yr

4yrs

Total = 12

years

Breeding Process Duration

Young HPT

MCT

CFT Empowering Women Researchers and Entrepreneurs in Africa, Casablanca, 2017

Future Proofing Tea

Ensure sustainable production of tea by:

1. producing more tea on the same land area while tackling climate change

(extreme weather conditions, emerging pests and diseases)

2. with reduced inputs/ finite resources

(water, agro-chemicals- WUE and NUE)


Smart Agriculture- Variety improvement

• Yields of 1700 – 2500KgMT/ha

• Declining yields resulting from senescence

• Lack of uniformity (yield)

• Varied resistance to climate change, diseases and pests

• Varied quality

• Yields of above 7500 -8500KgMT/ha

• Uniform plucking rounds

• Adapted to climate change (e.g. drought tolerance)

• Reduced agrochemicals (input use efficiency, pest resistant)

• Reduced deforestation (increased yield)

• Premium tea through quality differentiation

New Tea Varieties


Yield Projections with the Adoption of New Varieties


2016 2020 2025 2030

Current Volume 33771 33771 33771 33771

New Planting Volume 2809 7412 13756 15831

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Volu

me

MT

Tons

Crop Projection Tons MT

New Planting Volume Current Volume

With adoption of new varieties the expected yield increased is projected to be over 35% from the current yields.

Yield Progress in the Breeding Program


Sd= -11.446x + 3308.4 R² = 0.0456

Cl = 26.148x + 3317.5 R² = 0.1474

Mn = 7.3509x + 3312.9 R² = 0.0312

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

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92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

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98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

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09

20

10

20

11

20

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14

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15

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16

Sd Cl Mean Linear (Sd) Linear (Cl) Linear (Mean)

Yield representation for 29 years in one estate shows the following: • Seedling yield has declined

over years • New varieties of tea planted

have higher yields that are increasing with the maturity of the crop

• The new varieties are performing above the mean

• Linear representation of the data shows that the yield of the new tea varieties is on the rise while that of the seedlings is decreasing



11

Benefits of New Varieties to Farmers

Higher and stable yields adapted to a growing environment

Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Increased rural income and social livelihood for farmers

Challenges in Adoption of New Varieties

Time of variety release

Farmer awareness- poor information flow

Accessibility to planting material


How To Promote New Varieties Trade fairs/ shows Agricultural expos Farmers field day

Participatory plant breeding (PPB) Local agricultural research committee (CIAL)

Demand- led Breeding (DLB)

Demand-Led Breeding- An approach that enables breeders to develop higher performing varieties that meets customer requirements and market demand.

Demand- Led Breeding Principles

Six key principles:

• Client preferences

• Analyze value chain of target crop

• Market research to define the performance standard and priority

• Market trends and drivers

• Integration of public and private sector expertise

• Multi- disciplinary team approach

STEEP (Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political/Policy) analysis and scenario creation:

• Step 1: Identify key drivers of change and assess their predictability

• Step 2: Access reliable information sources

• Step 3: Scenario creation using unpredictable drivers (‘splitting factors’)

• Step 4: Variety specification validation- IP


Principles Vision and

foresight of breeding goals

Understanding client needs

New variety design and product profiling

Variety development strategy and stage plan

M & E

Persley & Anthony, 2017

Variety Development Strategy- DLB: 1. Crop supply and demand landscape- ‘the problem’

2. Policy and enabling environment

3. Market analysis

4. Target clients and market segments

5. Variety design and market positioning

6. Intellectual property

7. Development stage and activity plan/timetable

8. Development costs

9. Development investment case

10. Project governance and decision making

11. Client awareness and raising demand

12. Seed system and delivery to farmers

13. Monitoring post release performance and adoption

14. Performance measures and risk management Empowering Women Researchers and Entrepreneurs in Africa, Casablanca, 2017

Communication

Assess the existing production environment: Increasing global

population Pressure on finite

resources Climate change

Learnings From Tea Breeding That Can Be Applied To Neglected And Underutilized Crops (NUS)

Identify Existing Benefits of NUS crops:

Adaptation or tolerance to abiotic

stresses increases their importance in food

security

Identify Challenges: crops traits such as:

low yield poor nutritional value production of toxic

substances

Focus on Viable Solutions:

Increase breeding efforts to are focusing towards achieving improved cultivars that are adaptable to diverse environments and tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress


Reference:

• Persley, G. J., & Anthony, V. M. (2017). The business of plant breeding: market-led approaches to new variety design in Africa. The business of plant breeding: market-led approaches to new variety design in Africa


Thank You for Your Attention

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Innovation and Intellectual Property as Engines for ... · 3. Market analysis 4. Target clients and market segments 5. Variety design and market positioning 6. Intellectual property