Innovation in aviation: hybrid electric propulsion systems · Siemens Zrt 2017 Page 19 12/21/2017 • At Siemens we have a long history in electrifying transport • Siemens allocated

Innovation in aviation:hybrid electric propulsion systems

Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: Head of department, eAircraft Hungary, Siemens Zrt.

Siemens Zrt 201712/21/2017Page 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4M9pznk3fuQ


Trends in Transport

Transportation becomes electric

On the ground

On water

In the air

• Why?à harmful effectsàHybrid - electrical benefits

• How did it begin?• Where are we now?• Further directions?


Harmful effects of aviation

NOISE POLLUTION• Different frequencies of engine and propeller noise• Increasing restrictions on airports

AIR POLLUTION• Aviation in passengers number is 1% of all transportation, but

uses 10-15% of all transport fuel• Typical emissions:

• SO2 emission is lower than in other vehicles• Significant NOx emissions• Emissions of unburned hydrocarbons• Emissions of solid particles• CO emission

Take-off: NOx

Cruising:• NOx• Promoting greenhouse effect: CO2 and kerosene are burned,

water curdles above 9,000m, with ice layer as a greenhouseeffect

• NOx emissions of aircrafts flying close to ozone shield (canreach 1Mt per year) increase size of ozone hole, NOx causingozone to break down through various reactions

Landing + taxiing:• High hydrocarbon (CxHx)• High CO

Source: Élhető Környezetünkért Egyesület


The aviation industry is on the verge of a major shift towardselectrified propulsion

2016 – 2020Hybrid Electric Systems Project• Hybrid Ground Demonstrator,

10 MW platform• <2 MW potential platform applications vertical

take off and landing (VTOL), door-to-door

2025Regional Aircraft100 passengers, 6-8 MW

2035+Short Range Aircraft150-200 passengers, 20MW

Maintenance,modific., insur.,

fees

Crew

15%14% 100%

TCOFuel

20%

Purchase

51%

1. Reduction of fuel consumption: main lever to reduce aircraft TCO (example737-800)

2. Projected emission goals: can only be reached with disruptive concepts 1)

Airbus: hybrid electric propulsion roadmap defined fordemonstration (TRL‘s) and product development until 2035

2005 205020402030202020102010 2030 2050

CO2 mn ton

3. Customer perspective: extension of potential operating hours through noisereduction

1) IATA technology roadmap, June 2013

Possible through innovation of existingtechnologies

Requires biofuels and/or disruptiveconcepts (e.g. eAircraft)

EU agreement “Flight-path 2050”: 90%emission reduction


Hybrid or electric drive system?

• Distributed drive system• Energy storage / generation can be separated

from thrust generation• Noise reduction (only propeller noise is heard)• Pollutant emissions decrease

(electric: zero emission)

Hybrid• Internal combustion engine in optimum operation point• Parallel hybrid: electric motor torque addition• Serial hybrid:

• Internal combustion engine designed for crusing power• Take off / landing with electric machine

PURE BATTERY(Current technology): training, sightseeing, agricultural


Milestones of aviation

• First motor poweredairplane

• Wright brothers• 17.Dec.1903

(3m high, 37m lengths)

• First aircraft capable oftransporting a person

• Hot-air balloon made ofpaper

• Montgolfier brothers• 1783, Paris

• First electric poweredaircraft

• Siemens electric motor• Gaston/Albert Tissandier• 1883, Paris

• First e-powered plane• István Petróczy,

Tódor Kármán andVilmos Zsurovecz

• 1917 – first take-off• 650kg 2-2 190HP engine


Milestones of electric aviation

• First electric flying aroundthe Globe

• 2015-2016• 4 engines, 269.5 m2 solar

panels• 4 x 41kWh Li (633 kg)

• First electric aircraft• 1973, Austria• Militky and Brditschka• One 10 kW motor• Ni-Cd batteries

• First electric poweredaerobatic aircraft

• EXTRA 330Le• Siemens electric motor• Several word records• 2016

• First serial hybrid aircraft• 2011, Wiener Neustadt• Diamond-Siemens, Airbus


Elektromos repülés úttörőiHy4Taurus Electro


e-Genius


Elektromos repülés úttörőiPipistrel Alpha Electro


Elektromos repülés úttörőiSilence Twister


EXTRA 330LE


Elektromos repülés úttörőiHy4


Magnus eFusion


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_DG_uwdBRQ


Magnus eFusion - fully electric aircraft propulsion system installedfirewall-forward

Propulsion System Data

Power45 kW MCP

60 kW MTOP85 kW max.

Nmax 2500 rpm

DC-link voltage (nominal) 350 VDC(300 …450 V)

Torque MBoost 324 Nm

Battery 10.1 kWh

Max. airspeed 110 KIAS

Aircraft DataEmpty weight includingbatteries and parachute 410 kg

MTOW 600 kg

Wingspan 8.4 m

Length 6.6 m

Height 2.4 m

Battery system

Inverter

Auxiliary

system

Electric Motorwith Bearing

Controller

Cooling


Long-term prospects

Source: NASA


• At Siemens we have a long history in electrifying transport• Siemens allocated resources on R&D in the field of electric

aviation• Siemens is expert in drive systems (machine and hardware)• Siemens is an expert in digitalization (embedded and PLM)• We have found the right partners (Airbus & smaller OEM’s)

Siemens eAircraft R&D activities

Erlangen• Creating certification basis• Development of certified components

München – Taufkirchen• Airbus-Siemens collaboration• Drive system R&D activities for general aviation

Budapest• Low power drive systems for small aircrafts• Battery competence


Siemens eAircraft Hungary

Modelingand

simulation

Mechanicaldesign

Hardwaredevelopment

Electricdrive

systems

Energystoragesystems

Powerelectronics


Value add from Hungary

Research and development activities:• Battery system• Vehicle control system• Motor / Battery Holder• Auxiliary system• Display + CAN communication• Integration of the drive system into the aircraft• Cooling system• Design and design of instrument panel• Battery Charger• Motor design

Production of the componentes

Validation and testing:• Component level• System level• In the aircraft


Thank you for your attention!Dr. Balázs, Gergely György: [email protected]

Sources of the pictures: Wikipedia, Youtube, Google, Pipistrel, Siemens, EXTRA, Hy4, Shuttershock, Hamiltonwatch

Documents

Innovation in aviation: hybrid electric propulsion systems · Siemens Zrt 2017 Page 19 12/21/2017 • At Siemens we have a long history in electrifying transport • Siemens allocated