www.nca.go.ke

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

1st ANNUAL CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION

SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS

KICC, 21st to 23rd September 2015

Rapporteurs:

DAY 1: MONDAY, 21 SEPTEMBER 2015: Morning Session

Rapporteurs: Keziah Njeri, Cyrus Ongondo

The conference kicked-off at 9 a.m. with the registration of delegates. The chief guest was Dr. Fred Matiangi, Cabinet Secretary - Ministry of Information, Communication and Technology and Ag. Cabinet Secretary - Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development.

• $ ' +,--./ '

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

No. Name Organization

1. Victor Mose KIPPRA

2. Keziah Njeri KIPPRA

3. Monicah Karangi KIPPRA

4. Belis Ochieng University of Nairobi

5. Irene Wamuyu University of Nairobi

6. Esther Waweru University of Nairobi

7. Cyrus Ongundo JKUAT

8. Mark Kenyatta JKUAT

9. Michael Agoya JKUAT

10. Eric Wasonga NCA

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

In attendance were: PS - Ministry of Lands, NCA Board, Representatives from the Chamber of Commerce

The sessions began at 11 a.m. with a welcoming note from the Executive Director, NCA, Arch. Daniel Manduku. • He noted that the construction industry as a whole is constrained by lack of a robust National construction regulatory framework that addresses new emerging trends in building and construction, project financing and development, construction business development, building materials, and building standards.•The construction industry baseline survey conducted by NCA is to be launched. From the survey key issues highlighted were on the nature of skilled manpower in the country: 1.2% of the women are involved as artisans and that those between the ages of 18 and 30 have not been adequately trained with only 6 % having a major training. 66% of the 6% were masons with the remainder being tile fixers and plumbers. Skill-age split as majority of professionals are above 45 years, the youth being the largest population are mostly unskilled.• He reiterated NCA’s commitment to work with all the stakeholders including the ones in academia for the good of the industry and that the forum’s intention was to bolster the same. A second welcoming note was given by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, NCA, Arch. Stephen Oundo.• He emphasized on the importance of Research and Development in regulation of the construction industry, monitoring markets, increasing profitability, in achieving Best Quality, Affordability and Timeliness and most importantly in risk reduction and management. Research and development will enable the construction industry to be competitive and the professionals ought to be active players in the areas of specialty using this tool. Arch. Oundo welcomed the first Keynote speaker, Chairman, Comcraft Group of Companies, Dr. Manu Chandaria.• On the topic of “Buy Kenya, Build Kenya“, Dr. Chandaria passionately reiterated that for realization of the “Buy Kenya Build Kenya” vision “.....we must commit to buy Kenyan, and this commitment starts with the top management levels, professionals and the Government at the forefront, in recognizing local materials and manpower...by sourcing manpower from within Kenya, we create jobs and improve the lives of the youth and Kenya as a whole”. He nevertheless highlighted, a great challenge as the inadequacy in skilled or trained manpower locally especially in the construction industry. • He pointed out a grave issue of income inequality… “Equity must be a part of every discussions, efforts should be focused on reducing the inequality gap” • “The pain (joblessness, poverty,) starts at home….” Involving women in leadership is important since women promote development at home as they can see the poverty at home.• It is the Kenyans to solve their own problems and that hard work and discipline is needed for the country to be at the top.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

The second keynote speech was by PS, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MoLHUD), Arch. Mariam El Maawy• She noted that the construction sector is a high growth and resilient sector therefore it is very important to strengthen this sector. She highlighted the innovation and technology gap in the construction sector, citing a need for benchmarking and development of standards that integrate ideas including green building, and affordable housing. Furthermore, she pointed out that there was need to train workers within the construction industry and thereafter license them hence offering them recognition of the skills.• She also emphasized the great gap in information sharing and information management within the construction sector, necessary in developing policy and building the sector. The PS Challenged the manufacturers to be cooperative in lending out data that can be used in furthering the area of research and development in the construction industry.

In order to officially open the conference, a keynote speech was delivered by the chief guest, Ag. Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MoLHUD), Dr. Fred Matiangi.

He noted the following actions are underway in order to strengthen the construction sector: • National Building code, which is an integral regulation within the sector, has been revised and is to be tabled in Parliament for debate and approval.• He pointed out that the increasing collapse of buildings in the country, and the increase of loss of life within and without construction sites is alarming. Citing a section of the Occupational, Health and Safety Act, 2007 a requirement to have a Health and Safety Officer onsite construction works with more than 20 workers. NCA was instructed to add this requirement in the Quality Assurance Checklist, and ensure that this is enforced. • Fees charged, redundancy in approval authorities and the long-time periods in approval of building plans has been raised by stakeholders as an impediment within the industry.

He advised that inter - ministerial discussions are at an advanced stage to harmonize and reduce fees for development in the construction industry. He urged NCA in collaboration with other ministries in harmonizing the approval process. The CS was to sign a gazette notice on construction fees before the next Private Sector engagement meeting. • He tasked NCA to research and develop policy on development and adoption of building technologies in the construction of more affordable housing to mass low income population. • Research on incentives to encourage Private-Public Partnerships in the provision of Low Income Housing should be engaged. • NCA was challenged to devise policy options in supporting county governments in growing and regulating the construction sector. • Financing Construction: the CS urged the industry players to devise cheaper financing models to support development of low cost housing. • Unskilled labour environment continues to be a challenge in the construction sector. He noted that 60-70 Technical Institutions are being put up to enhance the number of skilled labour in the construction industry. He also emphasized the need for PPP’s in improving the skill-gap through trainings or certification programs. • The CS challenged NCA to develop tools for improving performance and efficiency in the delivery of their services.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

The Cabinet Secretary officially declared the conference open. The entourage proceeded to view the exhibitions.

The session adjourned for a tea break. A keynote address was presented on Professionalism in Construction; Arch. Reuben Musyoka Mutiso•The presenter advised that in upholding professionalism in the built environment personal ethics is essential. Personal ethics should be taken serious by contractors, consultants, manufacturers and suppliers. He also mentioned that issues on time management are also central with regards to professionalism and that most professionals are wanting in this area.•The major issue pointed out forming gross misconduct was bribery. He observed that construction industry ethics that are often abused include; exaggerating experience by professionals, misleading clients, falsification of documents amongst others. He advised clients in the construction industry to allow real fees to consultants in an effort to avoid malpractice in management of projects.• He pointed out that Inadequate protection of the public from debris arising from construction sites is a major challenge. NCA was urged to proactive to minimize this.

A second key note address was presented on Private Sector Participation; Kenya National Chamber of Commerce: James Mureu• He urged NCA to leverage on the private sector participation in enhancing effectiveness of NCA activities.• He pointed out that corruption is a huge barrier in construction industry. • He advised NCA and other government agencies to explore possibilities of resettling slum dwellers within the city and convert it to something of value.• He observed that skilled labour is inadequate in the industry. He recommended an assessment and certification of unskilled & semi-skilled labour force in the industry. • He urged NCA to devise better ways of sharing information from NCA to the industry.• He emphasized on the importance development of a legal framework to strengthen enforcement by NCA, and in the control of rogue contractors.

In response the PS. Ministry of Lands Housing and Urban Development added: • The MoLHUD is enhancing land administration systems and transparency in land registration and access to information as a key component in development of the sector. She noted that the public can access title details through e-citizen. Similar advancements are being developed for Change of User and land transfer.• There is need to develop policy/methodologies in encouraging construction financing in providing for low income housing.• She agreed with Arch. Mutiso that upholding professional conduct within the sector is crucial, there NCA should be supported in enforcing, regulating and enforcing compliance in the built environment.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

The third key note address was presented on Role of Women in Effective and Efficient Construction Project Management; Dr. Heather Yates • Women should be included in the construction industry in order to create the diversity of thought• Innovation needs more ideas and it is much prudent to bring more people on the table

Challenges faced by women• “Chilly Climate” where they are the minority and hence they feel uncomfortable• “Leaky pipe” where they tend to go to the areas where they are not the minority• “Self-efficacy” where they feel that not performing very well• “Double consciousness” where they do understand both the male and female opinions and hence there is the juxta positioning of ideas

Recommendations• There is need for changing the music so that there is a reciprocal change of the dance• There is need for the change in attitude and that construction industry needs to believe in women

The last key note address was presented by conference gold Sponsor; Bamburi Cement• The representative informed that Bamburi is working out partnerships with NCA to better industry activities. New innovative product was introduced - Rodezen stabilizer for roadworks. • She advised that they are introducing mobile concrete laboratories for optimization of concrete mixing and quality control. She advised that higher concrete classes going forward is going to be enhanced in the Industry as a result of introduction of high standard cement since they have produced this for SGR that is on-going.

The morning session completed, and the session adjourned for lunch.DAY 1: MONDAY, 21 SEPTEMBER 2015: afternoon session Rapporteurs: Monicah Nyawira and Michael Agoya

Presentation 1: THE FORGOTTEN LABOUR FORCE: OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN INTEGRATING WOMEN IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA - Dr. Susan Ngure, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology

• Vulgar language used and the macho-culture on sites discourages women• Emphasized that women who have made it to act as mentors to young girls• Carry out tracer studies• Those with industry/firms to recruit more women

Presentation 2: CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT BY CONSULTING FIRMS - Qs. Sylvester • Knowledge management is about transferring best practices from a profit-making firm to a loss- making firm to better it• Core KM processes include Creation, Capture & storage, Sharing and Application.• People have a lot of knowledge but they are unable to pass it on to others due to lack of social and analytical skills

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

• Informal learning models should be encouraged• Everyone owns responsibility, blame games should not exist• Firms should create platforms from which to share knowledge from on a weekly basis if not daily

Presentation 3: CONSTRUCTION AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES KENYA CHAMBER OF COM-MERCE & INDUSTRY - Mr. James Mureu, Kenya Chamber of Commerce

Nairobi voted as the no.1 city with highest return on investment (25%), with Mombasa 2nd (19%) in 2013/2014. Urged on the importance of knowledge sharing within the construction industry. Development of construction industry or a robust construction industry is an indicator of:• Increasing population incomes indicating surplus incomes • vibrant economy

Challenges: • Unsupervised contractors• Delay time in construction cycles• PPP constrained • Unplanned development that constrain provision of public goods• Construction financing• Mistrust on local contractors, with preference to foreign contractors• Safety and reliability

Solutions:• Strengthen PPP act, allowing for private sector to take a lead• Improve the regulatory environment - cost of finance, interest rates, turning to overseas funding• Improving the ease to doing business• Less restrictive contracts to attract investors• Governments to encourage local in undertaking large contracts by pooling resources together

Presentation 4: INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR KENYA INVESTMENT AUTHORITY - Dr. Moses Ikiara

Presentation 5: MANAGEMENT OF MEGA CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS - Eng. Grace Olukune, EsKomProject cycle• Need identification• Front end Planning• Concept design• Definition• Execution• Operation and Maintenance -hand over, change management, project acceptance.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.

Presentation 6: OVERVIEW OF A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) CONTRACTS - Mr. Dominic Lacey and Ms. Suzanne Muthaura

QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONQ. Kenneth Sagili• Dr. Mutiso about unethical conduct of professionals in the construction industry. The practice of underbidding in work, how could NCA resolve this?• Political Interference in construction projects, esp. in Counties, and professionalism • Are the members going to get a certificate of participation after these events? A. It was confirmed that the certificates shall be awarded to all participants at the Gala Dinner.

Q. James Gachanja• Information asymmetry between public and private sector in PPP• Intellectual protection of ideas-• Public to Public partnerships A. Mr. Lacey-Information asymmetry and intellectual property rights are genuine issues in practice Ms. Lilian - The PPP act, does not address the protection of ideas/intellectual property. There has been experience of private sector losing their ideas upon PPP

Q.Dr. Mbatha-UON• What does Ken Invest and Chamber of commerce have on “buy Kenya build Kenya” • on BIM, among the professionals who has the role of managing the information? A.Ken Invest: Their role is in facilitation for investment e.g. information, process or stages of development/construction information and advice; participate Joint Venture Partnerships. Ken Invest seeks to draw the knowledge gap regards markets, and business processes.

Q.JKUAT- BIM-How do you deal with intellectual property and data confidentiality, how is it model, who has access and who can access?A.Grace Olukune: Identify the roles of the professionals in the project, and how far they can interact with it. Separate technical and Non-Technical Technology, definition of metadata to describe confidenti-ality, ability to edit, extraction, sharing etc.

Eng. Aketch closed the day with a vote of thanks to the participants.

________________________________________

DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: morning session Amphitheatre

The sessions began at 8 amPresentation 1:POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN KENYA - Dr. Raul Figuel• Poor building practices are largely to blame for turning moderate earthquakes into major earth-quakes • Concrete test samples on which the official test certificates are manipulatedFindings• Non- supervised construction - 90% failed to meet the design strength• Concrete weaker than reported• pay closely to quality control protocols and regulationsRecommendations• Policy makers should look for ways to promote through regular independent audits• Resilience of structures is a function of safe design, adequate materials• Industry’s compliance with the standards• Reinforced concrete• Focus on quality control of concrete• Non-destructive concrete testing methods

Presentation 2:ROLE OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN CREATING GREEN CITIES - Arch. Eric Noir, Design for abundance, S. Africa• Never take anything for granted always question everything• Test the notion of density• Intensity-floor to land ratio-imp to inform us about infrastructure; open spaces• Use different matrix for construction• Incremental approach to infrastructure• Relationship between density and sustainability-correlation between density and happiness factor; density and transport• Need to start with economic sustainability

Presentation 3:CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: STATE OF CONSTRUCTION IN NAIROBI FINDINGS OF TECHNICAL AUDIT OF BUILDINGS: Qs. Moses Nyakiongora• Audit of buildings ongoing in Nairobi since feb.2015• Safety management involves: planning and managing safety at the construction site• Purpose of construction manager is to make construction site safe; job safe; work safety con-scious; produce a safe and sound project in accordance to the design and specifications -Objectives of building Audit• Assure the public that existing residential buildings are safe• Appraise the requirements of building

Presentation 4:INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF NATURAL STONE IN CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA: Eng. K. Vikram RastogiQuestions and Answer session Q. What is role of independent testing labs in unearthing poor concrete quality. Protocol quality con-trol-what recommendations for Kenya in terms of protocol control since construction quality is poorA.Independent lab professional should collect the concrete samples at random this should be enforced by the engineers. There is lot of incentives to cheat thus proper enforcement should be done. Structur-al engineers should take responsibility for the quality of work. As contractors are qualified proper checks should be made to them by enforcing compliance to standards in the industry

Q. •Safety agencies-Concern about high expense in inspecting for safety how to bring down the cost•Structural audit ongoing is subjective since in literature it’s a 3 cycle procedure need for scientific backing of structural audit of buildings A.•Qs. Nyakiongora: No condemnation has been done yet since they have to undertake laboratory tests. The ones that have been demolished are the ones that show actual manifestations of failure•Arch. Eric Noir: Social issues raised during increasing density of areas-find appropriate density but not to densify

Q. •Enforcement of building safety especially during construction from the workers perspective: Why not use the OSHA Act as a basis for checking safety of buildings•Representation of training institutions-academia in building safety is missingA.•Eng. Vikram; Kenyans shy away from investing in manufacturing-Exploit stones in Kenya for domestic marketing

•Eng. Vikram; stone mining and its effects on the environment could be hazardous-To market Kenyans soap stone arts internationally•Building audit team has govt professionals- include stakeholders e.g. residents as part of the audit team-Auditing process began in the middle of the financial year with little resources, however, semi-nars are expected to be carried out with stakeholders in the current financial year•Osha 2007 Act does not adequately take care of building risks-training of construction workers on safety•QS. Nyakiongora; Audit on construction to be put in public - The report is to be compiled and will take into account public hearings after which it will be submitted to the President and made public thereafter•Safety and corruption-need to reinforce that all projects are done to the nearest engineers estimates•Technical safety emphasized more -NCA to have professionals in project monitoring to enhance quality and safety in buildings-Monitoring team required only when there is a need

The session adjourned for a tea break. The later sessions were divided into two parallel running ses-sions. ________________________________________

The session resumed at 11:30Amphitheatre: Presentation 1:CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN KENYA - Dr. Ing. Chris MbathaWay forward• Formation of a board to regulate practice• Development of a scheme of service • NCA-Enforce employment of competent CM by • Approving authorities• Inclusion of CPM in the NCA Board to enhance growth of Project management activities in the industry.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:POLICY DYNAMISM IN KENYA’S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-Mr. Victor Mose, KIPPRA • Construction sector is on a growing trend at 13.5 per cent• Contribution to employment at 150,000 jobs• Problem-non-existence, dormancy or ineffectiveness of policy• Signals of policy gaps-frequency of reporting, scale of risk exposure• effect-frustrating national goals-vision 2030• Policy dynamism-4Is-Identification; intervention; inspection and impact• Way forward- Need to strengthen policy framework which requires: review of policy framework; stakeholder’s consultation; further analytics

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:AUTOMATIC BRICKLAYER-DR. OLIVER SILUMBE-Problem- fill the market gap in provision of affordable building materials-Automatic Brick Layer-technological masterpiece machine that lays bricks to a prescribed manual script-The machine will circumvent the challenges of:• Comprised quality standards and poor workmanship• Affordability of building costs by lower classes• Gives govt opportunity to provide reasonably priced housing for the poor-The ABL is motivated by cutting edge technological possibilities and saddening absence of such technology. The ABL uses robotic technology to assemble 3D structures out of concrete while working under a set of rules.

Amphitheatre: Presentation 2:ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SITES IN NAIRO-BI-MAJOR R.K KEMEI• Construction industry in Kenya although very lucrative in Kenya is often confronted with accidents - Nairobi County accounted for 46% of all construction related accidents• Between June - July 2015 Construction sector leading with 105,000 accidents• Need for a regulatory body dealing with construction accidents• Majority of construction injured workers were casual workers with 42% arising from falling from heights

Recommendations• Investing in Health and safety• Training on health and safety for construction workers and engineers in learning institutions• Health and safety should be included right from preparation of contract documents and should be a specified % of the contract sum

Question and Answer session Q. Is there any relationship between culture and project management?A. In a way culture has some role to play in project management, -case of Egyptians pharaohs having great power on slaves who built the pyramids. it is key to note the professional bodies have not been very effective it is therefore important to have effective controls as opposed to institutions

Q. Is the automatic brick layer already in operation? if so in which countries in Africa and what’s the cost of integrating it into the constructionA.ABL is still in its prototype development stage

Q. Constitution of the NCA Board lacks constructor’s bodies which if represented would help improve project managementA. Institutions were left out from the building audit due to budget inadequacies, however with time these institutions will be included

Q. Is the ABL for specific projects? Is it there to solve just HRM issues as opposed to construction issuesA.ABL is in its development stages, however it can perform multiple task, it would also help alleviate HRM problems in terms of increasing production Q.ABL requires high investment outlay leading to high construction outlayA.Owing to their advantages in the long run the ABL is not too expensive

Q. Project managers in institutions of higher learning feel left out as such they are looking for integra-tion to the sector through internshipsA.There is progress towards establishment of a board, different institutions do arrange for internships, get information on how to become a member of chartered institute of building managers________________________________________

Amphitheatre: Presentation 3:SUITABILITY OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT CONCRETE AS A COLD MIX SURFACING MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS-CHRISPUS NDINYO

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:LAFARGEHOLCIM: CUTTING EDGE INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Fidelis Sakwa• Lafarge has a presence in 90 countries.• Lafarge from a product manufacturer to a building solutions provider.• Products developed from Lafarge are: Ductal product developed Europe - it’s a concrete prod-uct, Chronolia, extensia, thermedia, hydromedia, agilia, arteria

Amphitheatre: Presentation 4:INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PANEL BUILDINGS TO WITH-STAND BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATIONS IN MAVOKO - MOSES OPIYO & MARK MAINAProblem• too much noise generated from quarries which is affecting human healthRECOMMENDATIONS• There is need to take due diligence in construction• Need to adopt EPS panels for construction near quarries

QUESTIONS AND ANSWER SESSION Q. Bamburi cement is more expensive than cement in other cement industries, considering that the company has been in the market for quite a long time nowA. Bamburi has been industry leaders for a long time and other cos benchmark with Bamburi

Q. What is source of cold AsphaltQ. What is the co’s policy with respect to preparation of ready-made concrete cubes?A. It's a discussion with customers if they want ready-made cubes, ideally it is always better to do the cubes at site

Q. Preparation of concrete mix do they go for the river side considering that it’s becoming prohibited A. Bamburi uses rock sand since it has a lot of the fine material however it requires a lot of controls

Q.Is EPS limited to quarry blasting areas and what are the cost implications of choosing this technolo-gyA.They can be used to construct apartments, roads, fields. EPS produced in Kenya is more expensive than imported, there is need to use other technologies for affordability purposes

Q. Different bodies of knowledge in research there is need to have a common body of knowledgeA.Bamburi engages universities in its research facilities.

Q.Are Lafarge products in situ or precastA.Bamburi mostly uses precast

Q. Why there are poor standards in construction, potholesA.Main challenge is poor standards, workmanship, Q.Quality of cement used for the SGR does the cement used come in Chinese prices-No________________________________________

The session commenced at 11:45, at the Lenana Hall. Lenana-Presentation 1 THE ROLE OF THE PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN CURBING THE FAILURE AND COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS IN KENYA: MOSES OPIYO

Key issues:Building failures caused by;• Inadequate geotechnical and material investigations• Lack of customized versions of international specifications• Lack of ethics • Poor Supervision• Weak Laws• Corruption• Incompetent design teams (quacks)• Lack of Quality Control

Lenana-Presentation 2 COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BIAXIAL VOIDED SLABS AND SOLID SLABS: WY-CLIFFE MOSIAMAKey issues:• Concrete the most used man-made material used in the entire world• first used by the Romans• The additional change is the use of steel• VBS applied in a handful of residential buildings and is mostly misunderstood• Research timely since there is the need to save on the construction cost• The oldest use of the use of VBS is the Pantheon• Main materials include steel, concrete and plastic sphere• The data analysis shows a significant reduction of weight of concrete of about 33% in slabs• It allows weight reduction of the amount of steel • Fewer columns and beams• The disadvantage being the reduced shear capacity but this is mitigated by the reduced weight of the slabs

Lenana-Presentation 3KOMBO-Y ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A UNIVERSAL HOME-PETER MUTHUCIKey issues:• Home construction can either be formal or informal• Policy makers challenge the professionals to come up with affordable housing for below the middle-income class• Formal category caters for only 17% of the demand whereas the informal caters for the 83%• 55% of the population reside in the informal housing• The realistic benchmark is found in Kariokor where the govt in 1963 and 1962 built houses Characteristics of proposed universal home• 4 bedrooms all ensuite’• a single downpipe and manhole for sewage• cross ventilation of all the rooms• natural sunlight throughout• minimized plumbing, cabling and wiring• common chimney• simple layout and compact configuration• enhanced privacy where no two bedrooms share a wall• plinth area of 119 m2• 247.8 m2 functional area on two floors• 3 m2 bathrooms

• 18m2 study room

Lenana-Presentation 4SAFETY FOOTPRINT OVER KENYA’S BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE. A CASE OF COLLAPSING MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURES: ELISHA AKETCHKey issues:• there exists a high demand for housing in the urban areas • the main building option is the multi-storey framed structures• the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the footprint of collapsing structures between 1996 - 2015• the safety of buildings with the locally produced steel and concrete is low compared to the internationally• the collapses have occurred in the major towns in Kenya• the G + 3 floors are the most affected buildings• there is a general spike in the collapsing structuresRecommendations• NCA to register material suppliers• Incentive driven construction sites• NCA should budget for a reward system for the public• There should be a periodic audit of contractors to file their safety returns• There should be research on the labour based contracts and in areas where the client is build-ing by himself

Questions and Answers• The universal home has an area that is much greater than the area of the housing for the category below the middle classThe universal area has a plinth area that can be reduced to accommodate the Kombo Y staircase

Q.Is the collapse of the buildings attributed to the failure in the testing of materials is not done by the professionals or the testing laboratories?A. The melting of the steel for the second time reduces the structural strength. The steel have not been tested and the use of the quarry dust in structural work. The reinforcement steel strength reduces by 25% in the Kenyan Construction industry

Q. What spans are required for the biaxial voided slabs?A. The slab has a span of 7 m x 7 m and the beams are not needed

Q. Was the geometry and the plumbness considered in the collapse of the structures considered in the research? A. The research was to showcase the incidences and the occurrences of the collapsing structures. Q .Do we have any indication where the biaxial slabs have been used and the cost of the slab and whether they have been accommodated by the policy makers?A. Savings are realized through the reduction in weight of the slab and the minimal reduction in the number of the beams and the columns. It has been applied in South Africa and Abuja

Lenana-Presentation 5AUTOMATED MACHINE GUIDANCE (AMG) IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION-NGATIA GATHURAKey issues:• The technology has been around for the last 15 years.• The new bulldozers do have the automated machine control• In Kenya this technology has not been used• the designers should present the 3 D designs instead of the 2D structures• The government should develop the CORS (Continuous Reference Network) infrastructure which are located on top of the buildings• The AMG inputs the design into the machine and it is accurate to the mm and the plant operator can visualize the blade position vis a vis the design of the road• The technology is not used since the govt should use the CORS network with the only one being in Ruaraka.

Lenana-Presentation 6HOUSING FINANCE FOUNDATION-JOSEPHINE KIRUMBA THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING INSTITUTES IN CON-STRUCTION – Dr. Susan W. NgureKey issues:• To address the skills gap in the industry• Mandate borrowed from the TVET Act, Bill of Rights from the Constitution of Kenya• Current skilled worker pyramid is tilted with Managers forming the majority• Mission of HF Foundation is to try and invert the pyramid by creating the 1 million artisans• Have created ten occupational standards that incorporates the various skills in construction• Directorate of TVET is decentralizing the training activities

It is our individual responsibility in ensuring that these artisans are able to put food on their table and such opportunities should be created to allow the people from TVET institutions

Lenana-Presentation 7TACKLING THE CHALLENGE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS AVAILABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA: PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TRAINING - JOHN KANGETHE - SENSEI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYKey issues:Artisan and Craft Skills• 90% of the companies interviewed had performed a needs assessment of the skills they required• Organizations have had to train and retrain their personnel• Some specialized skills needed in the industry are non-existent• Companies are importing trainers from foreign countries to train their staff which impacts on the cost• importation of labour from other countries• the biggest challenge is the lack of professionally trained workers at the operative level• Industry demands are becoming more sophisticated hence the need for the reorientation in staff training• the govt and the private sector should work together to increase the quantity and quality of labour supplied• With NCA endorsement, private sector can take a lead in training for industry demanded skills

which may not fit within the existing academic curriculum

Lenana-Presentation 8LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE PLANNING / ZONING AND USE OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS, PRE- AND POST DEVOLUTION VIS A VIS THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY: ANNAH KONUCHE Key issues:The content of the legal and the regulatory framework of the construction industry in Kenya;• Constitution of Kenya, • The Building Code,• The Physical Planning Act, • The County Government Act, • The Urban Areas and Cities Act, • National Construction Authority Act and RegulationsThe conflict of county government and the national government in the regulation of the construction industry.There is a proposal to repeal the physical planning act.Recommendations• The legislation within the construction industry sometimes conflict due to the large number of laws and hence there is the need to harmonize all the laws relating to construction•NCA should be expanded to be an umbrella body to oversee all other laws and bring harmonization

The morning session was adjourned for lunch.

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DAY 2: TUESDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2015: AFTERNOON SESSION Amphitheatre

Presentation 1: AmphitheatreMODEL OF UBIQUITOUS APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM FOR SMART BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI TO STEM CLIMATE CHANGE - Mr. Nicodemus Aketch Ishmael and Oroko DismasProblem• Costs related to climate change are rising necessitating readjustment of the building code• Smart Building Technology is needed in the developing countries• Buildings account for 40% of all energy use and 38% of all carbon emissionsContents• Fire Detection• Alarm System• HVAC• Digital Addressable Lighting• Control System• Security Monitoring System• Lighting• Heating• CCTV

Objective and Justification• Develop a model for smart buildings to stem climate changeConclusion• Lots of data being generated therefore all forms of technology to be adopted• Building Management systems is central to intelligent buildings

Presentation 2: Amphitheatre 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-S.N Gathura• Generates Laser pulses which are reflected by objects in laser path back to the instrument• Categorized by usage; the way they make observation in the way they capture data• The types include; Aerial, Metrology and TerrestrialThe Phases of Construction• The Design Phase• The existing conditions on site; in order to reduce the time involvedConstruction• Quality Control thus reducing rework• Prefabrication of Components• Reduces Human traffic at work hence accidentsFacility Management• Repairs, Renovations and Addition, Emergency SituationConsiderations before incorporating• Complexity of the project• Subcontracting or Buying the scanner• Who needs to take the lead in incorporation of these technologyConclusion3D scanner integral in the construction industry

Presentation 3: AmphitheatreMODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ON REIN-FORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN CENTRAL NAIROBI - Dr. Raul FigueroaJustification-Poor construction quality increases risk of building damage/collapse during seismic events-Simple and Inexpensive method to estimate the risks that result from low construction qualityMethodology-Characteristics of building stock in Nairobi from satellite images and walk by surveysThe use of Collapse function and Severe damage and Fragility Function from other buildingsFrequent Events• Insufficient Steel• Less Cement• Poor Mixing• Unstable forms• Inadequate Compacting

Findings• Nairobi would lose 800 to 3500 residential and commercial buildings in the event of a collapse• Thousands of death and injuryRecommendations• Government should encourage the development of seismic resistant designs for concrete struc-tures• government and other policy makers should implement strong enforcement measures• Substitute Lower Quality Buildings

Presentation 4: AmphitheatrePOLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE STRUCTURAL SAFETY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NAIROBI - Dr. RAUL FIGUEROA Issues• Need for accountability to improve structural safety• Building collapse is the main cause of death during earthquakes• Risky structures are being builtProblem Statement• Process to build• Professionals not taking responsibility• JBC giving faulty guidelines on the testing of materialsRecommendations• Surveillance• Affordable solutions• Risk communication to play a crucial role in promoting and reinforcing appropriate behaviors• Responsibility of professionals and punitive measures• Non - destructive testing of concrete during construction• Effective Solutions must be affordableStrategy• Open access reporting system modelled after toxic release inventory program• Educational and forum web portal• Promotion of non-destructive testing of concrete during construction• A risk communication program

Short Term Objectives• Public demand for safer buildings must be thereLong Term Objectives• Create robust, replicable and transparent system of checks and balances

Presentation 5: AmphitheatreROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030- HUMPHREY NJOGU PhDIssues• Construction sector has been growing to record 5% contribution to the GDP• It’s the 2nd highest contributor to GDP• It is a double-digit economy (13%) 2014• Role of the sector towards attainment of vision 2030 lies in employment, shelter/housing and training facilities

Vision 2030 Pillars• Social Pillar• Economic Pillar• Political PillarChallenges• High cost of construction• Workmanship• Skills gaps and poor training• Procurement rules-delays• Safety and security• Scarcity of land• Little investment in R & D• Informal settlement• Professionalism, timelinessWay forward• Financing-PPP, Local mobilization• Policy formulation and review• R&D• Real time solutions-live dataFlagship Projects• Transport - Thika Road, LAPPSET, Lamu Port, SGR• Energy - Wind, Geothermal, Hydro, Oil, Gas• ICT - Konza City, Huduma Centres, Laptop Programs• Water and Sanitation - Storage and Distribution, Dams and Sewerage• Housing - 200,000 units• Construction of schools, Hospitals, Markets, Airports, Ports

________________________________________Presentation 6: AmphitheatreOVERVIEW OF MEGA PROJECTSCASE OF THE STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY (SGR)Challenges: • Land acquisition procedures delaying projects• Land policy towards infrastructure development ill-defined leading to arguments and litigation• County Politics• Shortage of large construction firms to partner with the EPC contractor to realize 40% local content

CASE OF TWO-RIVER PROJECT - Mr. Tim Hitchens, Athena propertiesCONSERVATION IN THE FACE OF DEVELOPMENT-Arch. Oliver Chapa PLENARY SESSIONRebranding construction and construction practitioners in KenyaRole of professionals in rebranding - Emma Miloyo - VP AAK• Integrity and excellence is key to achieve professionalism in constructionAlex Ruhiu - Housing Finance development & investment

• Involvement of govt and private sector for consultation and feedback• Training of artisans on standards• There should be consistency in re-brandingStephen Diang’a - JKUAT• Training of artisans so that they can uphold standards in construction• Development control of buildings under construction to reduce substandard construction

Joseph Njuguna - Kenya Revenue Authority• Provision of incentives for promoting construction, developers need to take advantage of these.• Incentives for developers putting up educational construction.• Need for developers to get more information on where they should invest so as to enjoy the incentives.QUESTIONS• Need for effective research for effective solutions• To KRA-tax to contractors is too high affecting the cost of construction: 3%-Income withholding tax, however this tax is not an additional tax only that it is paid in advance. CLOSING REMARKS - Eng. Maurice AkechTomorrow site visit program--Two Rivers project visit; SGR Visit; Nairobi National Park--Meeting at KICC at 9.00 a.m. for departure to the respective site visits.