Innovative Japanese Waste-to-Green Product Technologies: Economically

Viable BECCS

Kunio Yoshikawa Professor

Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

Oil and Fertilizer Price Change

Coal-CCS

Coal

Earth Flue Gas

Electricity

Earth

Electricity

Fertilizer

Biomass

CO2

(Without Economical Incentive)

(With Economical Incentive)

Economically Viable BECCS

Biomass-CCS

Income from Waste Treatment +

Income from selling product ＞ Labor cost + Utility cost + Capital cost

Increase Increase Decrease Decrease Decrease

・Deficiency of landfill area ・Environmental concern on land-filling

・Fuel price increase ・Fertilizer price increase

・Automation ・Cheap labor

・Self energy generation

・Technology standardization ・Technology licensing

E f f e c t o f N e w T e c h n o l o g i e s

N e w M a r k e t

Condition for Profitable Waste-to-Green Product Business

Resource Recycling System ① Waste-to-Coal Technology MSW (Municipal Solid Waste), Hospital Waste

② Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology Sewage Sludge, Animal Manure, Food Waste

③ Waste-to-Electricity Technology Biomass Wastes

① Waste-to-Coal Technology

MSW input

Hydrothermal Treatment of MSW

Boiler

Product

Fuel Steam

Water Treatment

Condenser

Water Clean Water

Motor Reactor

Dry Product

Air-blow drying

Cement Kiln

(220℃,2.5MPa)

(15%)

(85%)

MSW = Municipal Solid Waste

Material input

product out

Coal

Pulverizer

Mixer Bunker

Treated MSW

In Cement Production Line

Application of Waste-to-Coal

Commercial Plants

Hospital Wastes (3m3) Municipal Solid Wastes (12m3)

Profitability of Waste-to-Coal • Treatment capacity of MSW : 100tons/day • Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors – 3 M US$. • Moisture content of MSW : 65 % • Production per annum on dry basis –12,600 tons/year (100tons/day X 0.35 X 360 days) • Boiler fuel: 15% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel – 1,890 tons/year • Annual operation period: 360days • Daily operation: 24 hours/day • Maintenance cost/year (3% of the capital cost) – 0.09 M US$/year • VC and FC – (labor, electricity… ) – 0.06 M US$/year • Capital cost (5 years depreciation) – 0.6 M US$/year • Total expenditure – 0.75 M US$/year • Income by selling the product fuel – 1.61 M US$/year (150 US$/ton x (12,600-1,890)tons/year)

② Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology

Sewage sludge treatment

Hydrothermal treatment

Mechanical dehydration

Water content 80%

Water content

85%

Water content 55%

Water content 10～20%

Fast natural drying （24 hours）

Separated water

Heavy metal Nutrient (N, P, K)

36,000 US$/ton

Commercial Plants

Food Wastes (10m3) Japan

Sewage Sludge (7.8 m3) China

Profitability of Waste-to-Fertilizer • Treatment capacity of Sewage sludge : 30tons/day • Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors – 1 M US$ • Moisture content of sludge : 80 % • Solid fuel production per annum on dry basis –2,160 tons/year (30tons/day X 0.2 X 360 days) • Boiler fuel: 100% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel – 2,160tons/year • Liquid fertilizer production per annum –10,800tons/year (30tons/day X 360days) • Annual operation period: 360days • Daily operation: 24 hours/day • Maintenance cost/year (3% of the capital cost) – 0.03 M US$/year • VC and FC – (labor, electricity… ) – 0.02 M US$/year • Capital cost (5 years depreciation) – 0.2 M US$/year • Total expenditure – 0.25 M US$/year • Income by selling the liquid fertilizer – 2.16 M US$/year (200 US$/ton x 10,800tons/year)

③ Waste-to-Electricity Technology

System analysis O2 supply 52.72 (kg/hr)

100151.96 kg 144.83 kg

O2 supply (kg/hr)909 K 79.66

Producer gasComposition (%)H2 18.19%CO 36.78%CH4 1.00%CO2 44.03% 5.59E+05 MJ/hr

254.94 155.17 kW

Efficiency

Work output

31.91%

Total mass(kg/hr)

Biomassinput

(kg/hr):

Gasifier

Heat Exchanger

ASUCO2 storage

17

Chicken manure

Air

Syngas •CO •H2

•CH4

Fixed bed updraft gasifier

Temparature distribution Gas temp.：＜100℃ Carbonizing Temp.：About 500℃ Agitator ：About 800℃程度 Char ：About 500℃

Outline of the carbonizer

Bio-char fertilizer

18 (N:5%, P:5%, K:5%)

Electricity

Commercial Plant

Chicken Manure Dryer Unit

Use of Chicken Body Heat and Excess Heat Energy (Water Content 70% → 15%）

Gasification Plant

300,000 Chikens

10 tons/day Dry Manure

Electricity 250kW

Bio-char fertilizer

5 tons/day

0.40 US$/kWh

200 US$/ton

Annual Income 0.79 M US$

Annual Income 0.36 M US$

Plant Cost: 1.5 M US$

Profitability