Innovative Nutrition Programs For Older Adults: Common Problems and Innovative Solutions- Strombeck

7/31/2019 Innovative Nutrition Programs For Older Adults: Common Problems and Innovative Solutions- Strombeck

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@GGEYM^@YO G_^X@^@EG ZXEBXMDV IEX ECNOX MN_C^V

Feddeg Zxehcodv mgn @ggeym~`yo Vecu~ègv

X`~m V~xedhofa# Zl'NX`yoxv`no Feug~p Ieugnm~èg eg Mb`gb

Kugo# 8::?



8

@GGEYM^@YO G_^X@^@EG ZXEBXMDV IEX ECNOX MN_C^V

Feddeg Zxehcodv mgn @ggeym~`yo Vecu~ègv

^l`v zuhc`fm~èg rmv zxozmxon mgn zuhc`vlon r`~l iugn`gb vuzzex~ ixed ~lo X`yoxv`no Feug~pEii`fo eg Mb`gb'

X`~m V~xedhofa# Zl'N# mu~lex ei ~l`v xozex~# lmv rx`~~og gudoxeuv heeav mgn mx~`fcov eg m ymxò~pei lomc~l mgn lomc~lfmxo$xocm~on ~ez`fv# `gfcun`gb `vvuov `dzmf~`gb }umc`~p ei cìo iex vogèxv' Vlolmv voxyon mv zx`gf`zmc `gyov~`bm~ex eg == ionoxmccp iugnon bxmg~ zxekof~v# lmv ~mubl~ mgn cof~uxonm~ dmkex ug`yoxv`~òv# mgn lmv hoog mg `gy`~on vzomaox m~ gudoxeuv zxeiovvègmc mgn G@L$

vzegvexon doo~`gbv'

^lo X`yoxv`no Feug~p Ieugnm~èg eg Mb`gb `v m gegzxei`~ zuhc`f flmx`~p fxom~on ~e ogvuxo ~lm~ zxebxmdv mgn voxy`fov zxey`non hp ~lo Feug~p ~e `~v ecnox mnuc~v r`cc aooz zmfo r`~l fuxxog~ mgniu~uxo goonv' ^lo Ieugnm~èg rexav ~e v~xogb~log mgn o|zmgn zxebxmdv eiioxon hp ~lo X`yoxv`noFeug~p Eii`fo eg Mb`gb# mgn vuzzex~v ~lo rexa ei ~lo X`yoxv`no Feug~p Mny`vexp Feugf`c egMb`gb'

]uov~ègv xobmxn`gb ~l`v zuhc`fm~èg# mgn%ex xo}uov~v iex mnn`~ègmc fezòv `g zx`g~ ex ocof~xeg`f

iexdm~# vleucn ho mnnxovvon ~e ~lo Ieugnm~èg m~;

X`yoxv`no Feug~p Ieugnm~èg eg Mb`gb9809 X`yoxfxov~ Nx`yo

Vu`~o A X`yoxv`no# FM 08?:2

,0?= 229$2208`gieJxfiem'exbrrr'xfiem'exb

8::? X`yoxv`no Feug~p Ieugnm~èg eg Mb`gb' ^lo feg~og~v ei ~l`v zuhc`fm~èg fmg ho xozxenufon mgn%ex fezònmgn n`v~x`hu~on r`~leu~ zoxd`vvèg mgn ixoo ei flmxbo' Zcomvo v`~o ~lo Ieugnm~èg mgn ~lo mu~lex mv ~lo veuxfo'



6

^mhco ei Feg~og~v

@g~xenuf~èg =

Zmx~ @ ‖ Feddeg Zxehcodv mgn Goonv Ogfeug~oxon hp OGZv 6

X`va Vfxoog`gb 6Xonuf`gb Hmxxòxv ~e Zmx~`f`zm~èg 9 Gu~x`~èg Onufm~èg =6Iugn`gb 8:

Zmx~ @@ ‖ Fmvo V~unòv 82

Cemyov ) I`vlov ,Exobeg 8<

Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z ,Rmvl`gb~eg 80Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p ,Rmvl`gb~eg 6?Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m 62Nocmrmxo N`y`vèg ei Voxy`fov iex Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~v R`~l 60

Zlpv`fmc N`vmh`c`~òv

Mzzogn`| M; V~xm~obòv iex Xomfl`gb Fuc~uxmccp N`yoxvo Ecnox Mnuc~v >8



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@ggeym~`yo Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv iex Ecnox Mnuc~v

@g~xenuf~èg

^lo Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd ,OGZ `v ~lo cmxbov~ gu~x`~èg mvv`v~mgfo zxebxmd `g ~lo _VNozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l mgn Ludmg Voxy`fov' Dexo ~lmg >#::: OGZ gu~x`~èg zxekof~v zxey`nofegbxobm~o mgn ledo noc`yoxon domcv# gu~x`~èg onufm~èg# gu~x`~èg feugvoc`gb# mgn gu~x`~ègvfxoog`gb mgn mvvovvdog~# mgn `g vedo fmvov# lomc~l zxede~èg mgn xoioxxmc voxy`fov ~emzzxe|`dm~ocp 6'8 d`ccèg ecnox mnuc~v# dmgp ei rled lmyo lomc~l zxehcodv mgn iugf~ègmc`dzm`xdog~v' Mv ~lo ocnoxcp zezucm~èg feg~`guov ~e bxer mgn mv iugn`gb hofedov vfmxfox#OGZv mxo ho`gb `gfxomv`gbcp flmccogbon ~e oiiof~`yocp mgn oii`fòg~cp doo~ ~lo goonv ei ~lo`x fcòg~v'

M gudhox ei OGZv mfxevv ~lo feug~xp lmyo `dzcodog~on ymxèuv `ggeym~`yo v~xm~obòv mgnmf~`y`~òv ~e mnnxovv ~lo fuxxog~ flmccogbov' ^lo ieccer`gb xozex~ zxovog~v mg eyoxyòr ei vedo

ei ~lo mf~`y`~òv ~lm~ lmyo hoog ugnox~maog hp vogèx gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv mfxevv ~lo feug~xp ~efxom~o `ggeym~`yo zuhc`f$zx`ym~o vof~ex iugn`gb zmx~goxvl`zv mgn ~e xomfl ugnoxvoxyon# cer`gfedo# d`gex`~p# `vecm~on mgn m~$x`va vogèxv' Mzzxe|`dm~ocp 8:: gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv roxomvvovvon# hmvon eg Roh$v`~o `giexdm~èg# xofeddognm~ègv ixed gu~x`~èg zxeiovvègmcv# mgnxofebg`~èg hp zxeiovvègmc exbmg`{m~ègv iex `ggeym~`yo zxebxmdd`gb'

@g Zmx~ @# feddeg zxehcodv mgn goonv ogfeug~oxon hp OGZv mxo `nog~ìòn mgn o|mdzcov zxey`non eg ler ~lovo `vvuov lmyo hoog mnnxovvon' @g Zmx~ @@# fmvo v~unòv ei vzofì`f `ggeym~`yoOGZv mxo zxovog~on `g bxom~ox no~m`c'

Zmx~ @' Feddeg Zxehcodv mgn Goonv Ogfeug~oxon hp OGZv

M gudhox ei feddeg zxehcodv mgn goonv mxo ogfeug~oxon hp OGZv mfxevv ~lo feug~xp ~lm~`gfcuno ~lo goon ~e;

• Vfxoog iex gu~x`~ègmc x`va

• Oc`d`gm~o hmxxòxv ~e zmx~`f`zm~èg

• Zxey`no gu~x`~èg onufm~èg# ovzof`mccp fuc~uxmccp vogv`~`yo zxebxmdd`gb

• Vofuxo mnn`~ègmc iugn`gb iex gu~x`~èg voxy`fov

Zmx~ @@' Fmvo V`~um~ègv

@g ~l`v vof~èg# ? o|odzcmxp zxebxmdv mxo xoyòron `g no~m`c1 ~lovo `gfcuno;

• Cemyov ) I`vlov ,Exobeg

• Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z ,Rmvl`gb~eg

• Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p Rmvl`gb~eg

• Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m

• Nocmrmxo N`y`vèg ei Voxy`fov iex Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~v r`~l Zlpv`fmc N`vmh`c`~òvD`ccoggùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv



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X`va Vfxoog`gb

Hofmuvo ~lo nodmgn iex gu~x`~èg voxy`fov# ovzof`mccp hp ixm`c ledoheugn vogèxv# feg~`guov ~eo|foon xoveuxfov# xobucmx gu~x`~èg x`va mvvovvdog~v vleucn ho zoxiexdon uv`gb mffoz~ongu~x`~èg x`va fx`~ox`m ~e zxèx`~`{o voxy`fov# zmx~`fucmxcp mdegb ~levo r`~l lomc~l n`vzmx`~òv'

Ledo$noc`yoxon domc xof`zòg~v goon ~e ho xo$oymcum~on eg m xobucmx hmv`v uv`gb ehkof~`yogu~x`~èg x`va fx`~ox`m ~e mccer ~levo r`~l bxom~ox goon ~e xofo`yo voxy`fov veegox'

Gor Pexa V~m~o Eii`fo iex Mb`gb

Rexa`gb r`~l ~lo Fog~ox iex Zec`fp Xovomxfl m~ ~lo _g`yoxv`~p m~ Mchmgp# Gocveg M' Xefaoioccox Feccobo ei Zuhc`f Miim`xv mgn Zec`fp# ~lo GPV Eii`fo iex Mb`gb zxenufon mg oymcum~èg xozex~ ei ~lo Ledo Noc`yoxon Domcv zxebxmd ,=000$8:::' ^lo xozex~# og~`~con (Ledo Noc`yoxon DomcVoxy`fov iex Ecnox Gor Pexaoxv; M ^lxoo Feug~p Cegb`~un`gmc Vuxyo`ccmgfo V~unp# ( rmv ~loi`xv~ cegb`~un`gmc mvvovvdog~ ei ledo noc`yoxon domc voxy`fov iex vogèxv `g Gor Pexa V~m~o'

^lo v~unp o|md`gon ~lo gu~x`~ègmc v~m~uv ei xof`zòg~v ei ledo noc`yoxon domc ,LND voxy`fov`g ~lxoo feug~òv ei Gor Pexa V~m~o' @~ n`n ve hp ceea`gb m~ xofebg`{on mgn mffoz~on `gn`fm~exvmgn domvuxov ei gu~x`~ègmc lomc~l `gfcun`gb;

• Gu~x`~ègmc iugf~ègmc `dzm`xdog~v $$ locz goonon r`~l feea`gb# vlezz`gb mgn e~lox mf~`y`~òv1

• Gu~x`~ègmc x`va `gn`fm~exv $$ zeex nò~ mgn e~lox gu~x ~ègmc lomc~l x`vav1• Flxeg`f `ccgovvov mgn fegn`~ègv $$ n`vomvov ei ~lo lomx~# n`mho~ov mgn e~loxv1• Ieen vofux`~p $$ gu~x`~ègmccp$xocm~on ofeged`f fegfoxgv mgn rexxp1 mgn#• Ro`bl~ v~m~uv $$ Henp Dmvv @gno| ,HD@ domvuxov ei ugnoxro`bl~# gexdmc# eyoxro`bl~

mgn ehov`~p v~m~uv'

I`gn`gbv roxo uvon iex zcmgg`gb mgn zec`fpdma`gb zuxzevov ~e no~oxd`go ler rocc ~lo LNDvoxy`fov `g ~lo xozxovog~m~`yo feug~òv v~unòn mxo mflòy`gb ~lo`x ehkof~`yov mgn bemcv `g;

• ^mxbo~`gb voxy`fov ~e vogèxv dev~ `g goon mgn m~ bxom~ov~ x`va $ `gfcun`gb ocnoxcp mgnd`gex`~p mgn cer$`gfedo ocnoxcp1

• Voxy`gb vogèxv rle xo}u`xo ~lo mvv`v~mgfo ei LND voxy`fov `g zxozmx`gb ex feea`gbdomcv# mgn%ex vlezz`gb nuo ~e mfu~o ex flxeg`f `dzm`xdog~v1

• Vfxoog`gb vogèxv iex mc~oxgm~`yo mvv`v~mgfo rle goon dexo `g~ogv`yo vuzzex~ mgn zoxvegmc fmxo1

• Xonuf`gb ieen `gvofux`~p mgn xm~èg`gb mgn ofeged`f rexxp mheu~ ieen zuxflmvov mdegb

e~loxr`vo oc`b`hco vogèxv1 mgn#• Dm`g~m`g`gb ~lo ro`bl~# mgn zxoyog~`gb uglomc~lp# zxof`z`~euv ro`bl~ cevv# mdegb LND

xof`zòg~v'

^lo i`gn`gbv mcve vleron ~lm~ ~lo ~mxbo~on zezucm~èg ei ~levo dev~ `g goon mgn m~ bxom~ov~ x`va lmv flmgbon dmxaoncp' ê m bxom~ox o|~og~ ~lmg `g zmv~ pomxv# LND voxy`fov ger `g~oxyogo `gvuzzex~ ei omxcp levz`~mc n`vflmxbo zxmf~`fov mgn voxyo vogèxv r`~l l`blox zxoymcogfo ei flxeg`f`ccgovvov mgn fegn`~ègv'



9

M iucc xozex~ ei ~l`v v~unp# fedzco~o r`~l x`va mvvovvdog~ bu`noc`gov# `v mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%mb`gb'v~m~o'gp'uv%o|zcexo%gu~x`~èg%lndv%flmz~ox='l~d

Vzeamgo Feug~p ,Rmvl`gb~eg

Mv zmx~ ei ^lo Rmvl`gb~eg V~m~o Feddug`~p Gu~x`~èg Mvvovvdog~ Onufm~èg Zxekof~,l~~z;%%noz~v'rmvl`gb~eg'onu%feddgu~x%ledo%feg~og~v'l~d# Vzeamgo Feug~p ugnox~eea m zxekof~fmccon Mvvovv`gb ~lo Gu~x ~ègmc Lomc~l ei Vogèxv' ^lo eyoxmcc bemc ei ~lo mvvovvdog~ rmv ~e no~oxd~lo gu~x`~èg x`va v~m~uv ei vogèxv `g Vzeamgo Feug~p'

^lo ~eec vocof~on iex ~l`v mvvovvdog~ rmv noyocezon hp ~lo Gu~x`~èg Vfxoog`gb @g`~`m~`yo# mg`g`~`m~`yo ei ~lo Mdox`fmg Nò~o~`f Mvvef`m~èg# ~lo Mdox`fmg Mfmnodp ei Imd`cp Zlpv`f`mgv# mgn~lo Gm~ègmc Feugf`c eg Mb`gb'

Xovuc~v ei ~lo gu~x`~èg vfxoog`gb roxo vlmxon r`~l ~lo Mxom Mbogfp eg Mb`gb# ~lo VzeamgoXobègmc Lomc~l N`v~x`f~ Mvvovvdog~ Fog~ox# mgn geg$zxei`~ bxeuzv rexa`gb r`~l vogèxv `g

Vzeamgo `g exnox ~e zxey`no feccmhexm~`yo mbogfòv r`~l vuzzex~ mv ~lop vooa mnn`~ègmc iugn`gb'

^l`v mzzxemfl ~e feddug`~p gu~x`~èg mvvovvdog~ lmv zxeyog ~e ho ymcumhco mgn oiiof~`yo' ^logu~x`~èg vfxoog`gb mvvovvdog~ lmv hoog o|zmgnon ~e e~lox feug~òv ~e mccer mnn`~ègmcfedzmx`vegv ho~roog xuxmc mgn uxhmg zmx~`f`zmg~v' ^lo nm~m lmv ogmhcon ~lo comn mbogfp ~e}umcìp iex ~lo gm~ègmc z`ce~ zxebxmd# Dexg`gb Domcv eg Rloocv' ^l`v rmv m v`| deg~l v~unp~lm~ rmv fegnuf~on `g feccmhexm~èg r`~l Icex`nm @g~oxgm~ègmc _g`yoxv`~p ugnox mg mbxoodog~r`~l ~lo Mnd`g`v~xm~èg eg Mb`gb' Mg oymcum~èg ei ~l`v z`ce~ zxebxmd nodegv~xm~on ~lm~ `~ rmvoiiof~`yo `g doo~`gb zxoyèuvcp ugdo~ goonv `g ~lo vogèx zezucm~èg'

M iucc xozex~ ei ~l`v v~unp# fedzco~o r`~l x`va mvvovvdog~ bu`noc`gov `v mym`cmhco m~;

l~~z;%%noz~v'rmvl`gb~eg'onu%feddgu~x%fmvov%vzeamgo%v$novfx`z~èg'l~d

O|foccog~ v~oz$hp$v~oz bu`noc`gov mgn m ~eeca`~ eg ler ~e fegnuf~ m feddug`~p gu~x`~èg x`va mvvovvdog~ mxo mym`cmhco m~; l~~z;%%noz~v'rmvl`gb~eg'onu%feddgu~x%ledo%mheu~'l~d

Bo`v`gbox Fc`g`f ,Zoggvpcymg`m

Bo`v`gbox Fc`g`f `v m gegzxei`~ zlpv`f`mg bxeuz zxmf~`fo ~lm~ voxyov dexo ~lmg ~re d`ccèg zoezco`g gex~lomv~oxg mgn fog~xmc Zoggvpcymg`m' @~v voxy`fo mxom lmv ego ei ~lo cmxbov~ fegfog~xm~ègv ei xuxmc ocnoxcp `g ~lo _g`~on V~m~ov; dexo ~lmg 8:/ ei xov`nog~v `g dmgp feug~òv mxo eyox 9: pomxvei mbo'

R`~l m bxmg~ ei .>:#02: ixed ^lo Xehox~ Reen Kelgveg Ieugnm~èg ,XRKI# Bo`v`gbox ov~mhc`vlon m xobègmc gu~x`~èg vfxoog`gb `g`~`m~`yo iex dexo ~lmg ?#::: ei `~v ogxeccoov ~e `nog~ìpl`bl$x`va ocnoxcp zoezco mgn c`ga ~lod r`~l guxvo fmxo dmgmboxv zxèx ~e `g~oxyog~èg' ^logu~x`~èg vfxoog`gb zxebxmd rmv v~mx~on m~ dexo ~lmg =:: fc`g`fv `g ~lo i`xv~ pomx ei ~lo zxekof~'Bxmg~ iugnv roxo uvon ~e mgmcp{o ~lo nm~m feccof~on ~lxeubl ~lo vfxoog`gb `g`~`m~`yo# oymcum~o ~lovfxoog`gb zxefovv# mgn z`ce~ ~ov~ mgn oymcum~o ~lo fmvo dmgmbox denoc m~ m v`gbco fc`g`f'



2

V`gfo ~lo zxekof~ ognon# Bo`v`gbox Fc`g`f lmv feg~`guon ~lo felex~ v~unp r`~l ~lo vuzzex~ ei ~lo_VNM Mbx`fuc~uxmc Xovomxfl Voxy`fo mv ~lo Bo`v`gbox Xuxmc Mb`gb V~unp'

Dexo `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~lo v~unp `v mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%rrr'xrki'exb%zex~iecèv%xoveuxfov%bxmg~vxozex~'kvz5i`cogmdo4:89060'l~d)`m`n4=>>

Icex`nm @g~oxgm~ègmc _g`yoxv`~p ‖ Gm~ègmc Zec`fp mgn Xoveuxfo Fog~ox eg Gu~x`~èg mgn

Mb`gb ,GZXF

^loxo mxo gor gu~x`~èg mvvovvdog~ mgn deg`~ex`gb ~eecv iex ecnox mnuc~v ~lm~ mxo mym`cmhco' ^lo Gm~ègmc Zec`fp mgn Xoveuxfo Fog~ox ,GZXF eg Gu~x`~èg mgn Mb`gb m~ Icex`nm @g~oxgm~ègmc_g`yoxv`~p xofeddognv ~lm~ ledo noc`yoxon domc xof`zòg~v ho xobucmxcp xo$oymcum~on uv`gbehkof~`yo gu~x`~èg x`va fx ~ox`m ~e mccer ~levo r ~l bxom~ox goon ~e xofo`yo voxy`fov veegox' ^lo GZXF zxey`nov mg o|foccog~ fedzognùd ei xovomxfl# xozex~v# xoveuxfov# mvvovvdog~ mgndeg`~ex`gb ~eecv mgn c`gav ~lm~ nomc r`~l gu~x`~èg vfxoog`gb mgn mvvovvdog~ `g ecnox mnuc~v' ^l`v`giexdm~èg `v mym`cmhco m~;

l~~z;%%rrr'iù'onu%wgu~xocnx%Vuhkof~C`v~%G%Gu~x`~ègUVfxoog`gbUMvvovvdog~'l~d



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Xonuf`gb Hmxxòxv ~e Zmx~`f`zm~èg

Novz`~o ~lo mym`cmh`c`~p ei gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv iex cer$`gfedo ecnox mnuc~v# dmgp vogèxv ne ge~ zmx~`f`zm~o' Rl`co cmfa ei mno}um~o ~xmgvzex~m~èg `v m dmkex `vvuo# e~lox hmxxòxv ~e zmx~ f`zm~ègo|`v~ mv rocc' V~unòv vler ~lm~ dmgp ecnox mnuc~v iooc m fox~m`g –v~`bdm— ei flmx`~p xocm~on ~e ~lo

Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd mgn dmp ho xocuf~mg~ ~e zmx~`f`zm~o' @g mnn`~èg# ecnox mnuc~v ixednìioxog~ fuc~uxmc hmfabxeugnv ei~og iooc ~lm~ domcv eiioxon m~ gu~x`~èg v`~ov ne ge~ doo~ ~lo`x goonvex ~mv~ov' M gudhox ei `ggeym~`yo zxebxmdv lmyo hoog ugnox~maog mfxevv ~lo feug~xp ~e mnnxovv ~lovo hmxxòxv'

^xmgvzex~m~èg

Lmx~iexn Ieen Vpv~od ,Feggof~`fu~

^lo Lmx~iexn Ieen Vpv~od `g Feggof~`fu~ xugv m zxebxmd iex vogèxv `g zmx~goxvl`z r`~l m cefmcvuzoxdmxao~ ~e zxey`no zlego exnox bxefoxp voxy`fo' Iugnon hp ~lo Gex~l Fog~xmc Mxom Mbogfp

eg Mb`gb mgn e~lox cefmc huv`govvov mgn fluxflov# noc`yoxp `v ixoo iex zmx~`f`zmg~v# dma`gb ~lovoxy`fo m fedzo~`~`yocp zx`fon rmp iex ocnoxcp zoezco r`~leu~ fmxnv ex r`~l n`vmh`c`~òv ~e lmyomffovv ~e m ymxò~p ei ixovl# }umc`~p ieen'

A`gb Feug~p ,Rmvl`gb~eg

@g A`gb Feug~p# Rmvl`gb~eg# voyoxmc `ggeym~`yo ~xmgvzex~m~èg zxebxmdv mxo mym`cmhco ~e ~xmgvzex~ecnox mnuc~v ~e fegbxobm~o domc zxebxmdv' Fxom~on `g =002# Vogèx Vlu~~cov ger eiioxv => ymg zxebxmdv ~lxeubleu~ A`gb Feug~p' Vogèx Vlu~~co ~xmgvzex~v vogèxv ~e le~ domc zxebxmdv# don`fmcmzze`g~dog~v# vogèx fog~oxv# bxefoxp v~exov# mgn e~lox cefmc nov~`gm~ègv' ^lo voxy`fo zxey`novvogèxv r`~l mg ezzex~ug`~p ~e vef`mc`{o r`~l e~lox vogèxv mgn v~mp mf~`yo r`~l`g ~lo`x feddug`~òv'

^loxo `v ge flmxbo iex x`nov# hu~ negm~ègv mxo mffoz~on'

Yecug~oox ^xmgvzex~m~èg rmv iexdon `g =02? ~e locz doo~ ~lo ~xmgvzex~m~èg goonv ei A`gb Feug~pvogèxv mgn ~lo`x imd`còv' Eyox 6?: yecug~ooxv uvo ~lo`x erg yol`fcov ~e nx`yo vogèxv ~e don`fmc mgne~lox ovvog~`mc mzze`g~dog~v' ^lo yecug~ooxv zxey`no m zoxvegmc`{on# ego$eg$ego ~xmgvzex~m~ègvoxy`fo' ^lop nx`yo vogèxv ~e mgn ixed mzze`g~dog~v# rm`~`gb r`~l ~lod ug~`c ~lop mxo xomnp ~e xo~uxledo' ^loxo `v ge flmxbo iex Yecug~oox ^xmgvzex~m~èg voxy`fov'

Gu~x`~èg ^xmgvzex~m~èg Zxebxmd v~mii rexa r`~l vogèxv ~e i`gn ~lo hov~ rmp ~e bo~ ~lod ~ecugfl' ^lop feexn`gm~o ~xmgvzex~m~èg voxy`fov r`~l dmgp nìioxog~ zxey`noxv ~e `dzxeyo mffovv~e ~lo cugfl zxebxmdv' ^lo voxy`fov `gfcuno;

• Mvv`v~mgfo mzzcp`gb iex Do~xe"v MFFOVV zxebxmd• ^xeuhcovlee~`gb nìi`fuc~òv r`~l mgp ~xmgvzex~m~èg zxey`nox • Mxxmgb`gb x`nov eg MFFOVV rl`co mrm`~`gb MFFOVV oc`b`h`c`~p fox~ì`fm~èg• Mxxmgb`gb x`nov r`~l yecug~ooxv nx`y`gb ~lo`x erg yol`fcov

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~xmgvzex~m~èg zxebxmdv `g A`gb Feug~p `v mym`cmhco m~;rrr'vogèxvoxy`fov'exb%y~v%y~v'l~d



0

$ Deh`co Dmxao~' R`~l`g ~lo Vom~~co F`~p c`d`~v# oc`b`hco Domcv eg Rloocv zmx~`f`zmg~vmcve lmyo ~lo fle`fo ei xofo`y`gb m ymxò~p ei xomvegmhcp$zx`fon bxefoxòv noc`yoxon ~e ~lo`x ledo~lxeubl ~lo Deh`co Dmxao~ Zxebxmd' Deh`co Dmxao~ `v mym`cmhco eu~v no ~lo f`~p c`d`~v ei Vom~~co $ leroyox# `~ `v c`d`~on ~e C`}u`n Gu~x`~ègmc Vuzzcodog~v' Bxefoxp c`v~v mxo mym`cmhcoegc`go mgn `gn`y`numcv `g~oxov~on `g mzzcp`gb iex ~lo zxebxmd fmg mcve ne ve y`m ~lo @g~oxgo~'

^lo Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd

^lo Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd ,VIDGZ rmv ov~mhc`vlon hp ~lo _VNM‐vFedden`~p Fxon`~ Fexzexm~èg ,FFF ~e zxey`no bxmg~v ~e v~m~ov iex z`ce~ zxekof~v denocon eg ~loRedog# @gimg~v# mgn Fl`cnxog ,R@F imxdoxv‐ dmxao~ zxebxmd' Cer$`gfedo vogèxv `g ~lovo zxekof~v xofo`yo feuzegv ~lm~ dmp ho o|flmgbon iex oc`b`hco ieen m~ cefmc imxdoxv‐ dmxao~v#xemnv`no v~mgnv# mgn feddug`~p vuzzex~on mbx`fuc~uxmc zxebxmdv' Dmgp ei ~lo VIDGZ zxey`no huv ~xmgvzex~m~èg ~e ~lo imxdoxv‐ dmxao~v'

Iex i`vfmc pomx 8::?# Fmcìexg`m lmv hoog mrmxnon .9:>#9:6 `g bxmg~ iugnv ~e zxey`no feuzegv ~e

cer `gfedo vogèxv ~lm~ ~lop dmp o|flmgbo iex oc`b`hco ieenv m~ imxdoxv‐ dmxao~v# xemnv`nov~mgnv# mgn feddug`~p vuzzex~on mbx`fuc~uxo zxebxmdv'

Iex `giexdm~èg eg ~lo Fmcìexg`m Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd# feg~mf~ FmxecoFexp# Fmcìexg`m Noz~ ei Mb`gb# =9:: A V~xoo~# Vmfxmdog~e# FM 0?<=>$>:8:' ,0=9 688$0=<>#ffexpJmb`gb'fm'bey'

Mxom Eii`fo eg Mb`gb ei Gex~lrov~oxg Elè

M~ ~lo Mxom Eii`fo eg Mb`gb ei Gex~lrov~oxg Elè# ecnox mnuc~v z`fa uz feuzegv m~ ~lo`x cefmc vogèxfog~ox eg m i xv~$fedo# i`xv~$voxyon hmv`v' V`| .? feuzegv mxo ymc`n iex Kugo mgn Kucp' @g Mubuv~#Voz~odhox# mgn Ef~ehox# ecnox mnuc~v fmg fedo hmfa ~e ~lo fog~ox ~e bo~ ># .? feuzegv omfl deg~l'V`gfo omfl deg~l‐v n`v~x`hu~èg `v i`xv~$fedo# i`xv~$voxyon# eg m deg~lcp hmv`v# ~lo mggumc hogoi`~mdeug~ iex omfl ecnox `gn`y`numc iex ~lo og~`xo zxebxmd xmgbov ixed .6: ~e .0: nux`gb ~lo vomveg `gElè' Huv ~xmgvzex~m~èg v zxey`non ~e ~lo imxdoxv‐ dmxao~ ixed ymxèuv cefm~ègv' @i m zmx~`f`zmg~`v ledoheugn mgn ugmhco ~e z`fa uz feuzegv mgn vlez iex zxenufo# lo ex vlo dmp nov`bgm~o m zxe|p'

ê ogfeuxmbo vocof~èg mgn uvmbo ei m r`no ymxò~p ei ixovl ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov `g Elè#gu~x`~èg onufm~èg `v zxey`non mcegb r`~l ~lo feuzegv' Onufm~ègmc zxebxmdv `gfcuno iucc fecex lmgneu~v# r`~l `g$noz~l `giexdm~èg mgn xof`zov l`blc`bl~`gb m zmx~`fucmx ixu`~ ex yobo~mhco'@ggeym~`yo xof`zov# zxozmxm~èg mgn v~exmbo ~`zv mxo `gfcunon `g ~lo lmgneu~' Huv ~x`zv ~eimxdoxv‐ dmxao~v zxey`no m fmz~`yo munògfo iex m gu~x`~èg onufm~ex rle fmg v~`ducm~on`vfuvvègv xobmxn`gb vomvegmc ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov# ~lo hogoi`~v ei fegvud`gb ~lod# mgnvocof~èg# zxozmxm~èg# mgn v~exmbo ~oflg`}uov' Feea`gb nodegv~xm~ègv mgn ~mv~`gbv mxo zxey`non m~ feuzeg n`v~x`hu~èg v`~ov mgn%ex m~ ~lo imxdoxv‐ dmxao~v'

^lo Mxom Eii`fo eg Mb`gb ei Gex~lrov~oxg Elè vuzzex~v ?2 vogèx n`g`gb v`~ov ~lxeubleu~ =:feug~òv ei Gex~lrov~oxg Elè' ^xmgvzex~m~èg `v zxey`non ~e dev~ vogèx n`g`gb v`~ov' @g egofeug~p# vogèxv dmp xofo`yo m vzof`mc huv fmxn ~e uvo iex ~xmgvzex~m~èg ~e ~lo domc v`~ov' Ledo$noc`yoxon domcv mxo mym`cmhco Degnmp ~lxeubl Ix nmp mgn mxo noc`yoxon hp yecug~ooxv' @g



=:

mnn`~èg# voyoxmc feug~òv mxo voxyon hp m Deh`co Dmxao~' M~ vzofìòn vogèx v`~ov mgn cer`gfedo leuv`gb fedzco|ov# Deh`co Dmxao~ zxey`nov mg –m~ peux neex— bxefoxp noc`yoxp voxy`for`~l ego zlego fmcc'

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg eg ~l`v zxebxmd `v mym`cmhco m~;

l~~z;%%rrr'mxomeii`foegmb`gb'fed%memgu~x`'l~dc

Flocvom ,D`fl`bmg

^lo Flocvom ,D@ Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ mgn ~lo Flocvom Mxom ^xmgvzex~m~èg Vpv~od ,FM^V lmyonoyocezon m zmx~goxvl`z ~e hx`gb vogèx f`~`{ogv ~e ~lo Flocvom Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ eg Vm~uxnmpdexg`gbv' ^lo FM^V huv `v mg –eg nodmgn— voxy`fo# hu~ eg Vm~uxnmpv `~ xugv m vflonucon xeu~o~e ~lxoo vogèx fog~oxv `g ~erg mgn nx`yov `gn`y`numcv ~e ~lo dmxao~ m~ 0 m'd' mgn z`fav ~lod uzmg leux cm~ox iex ~lo xo~uxg ~x`z'

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~lo Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd `v mym`cmhco `g ~lo

zuhc`fm~èg _VNM Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd mym`cmhco ixed ~lo GZXF m~ Icex`nm@g~oxgm~ègmc _g`yoxv`~p rrr'iù'onu%wgu~xocnx%MvaU~loUO|zox~%VIDGZ%VIDGZ'l~d1mgn m~; l~~z;%%rrr'godr'exb%imxdoxvdmxao~v%vogèx'l~dc'

@giexdm~èg eg ler ~e zxede~o ~lo Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd `g ~lo feddug`~p`v mym`cmhco m~ l~~z;%%gu~x`~èg'rvu'onu%dmxao~v%`nomv'l~dc

Rmvl`gb~eg V~m~o Vogèx Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd

ê `dzcodog~ ~lo Vogèx Imxdoxv Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd g Rmvl`gb~eg# m hxemn$hmvon zmx~goxvl`z rmv noyocezon r`~l Rmvl`gb~eg V~m~o _g`yoxv`~p O|~ogvèg# ~lo Mb`gb mgnN`vmh`c`~p Voxy`fov Mnd`g`v~xm~èg# ~lo Nozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l R@F IDGZ# == Mxom Mbogfòv egMb`gb# ~lo Rmvl`gb~eg Mvvef`m~èg ei Vogèx Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv# ~lo RM Imxdoxv Dmxao~Mvvef`m~èg# imxdoxv‐ dmxao~ dmgmboxv# feug~p zuhc`f lomc~l mgn nozmx~dog~ ei lomc~l eii`fov#mgn e~lox VIDGZ vuzzex~`gb mbogfòv'

^lo VIDGZ zxey`nov ixovl ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov ~e cer$`gfedo ecnox mnuc~v `g RM V~m~o' RV_O|~ogvèg zxey`nov vuzzex~`gb gu~x`~èg onufm~èg dm~ox`mcv mgn iev~oxv gu~x`~èg onufm~ègmf~`y`~òv m~ ~lo cefmc coyoc vufl mv feea`gb nodegv~xm~ègv m~ imxdoxv‐ dmxao~v' RV_ O|~ogvèglmv mcve fxom~on m v~m~o –IDGZ— rohv`~o ~lm~ `gfcunov he~l Vogèx mgn R@F IDGZ vuzzex~`gbdm~ox`mcv' Onufm~ègmc dm~ox`mcv mxo mym`cmhco `g g`go nìioxog~ cmgbumbov mgn mxo mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%gu~x`~èg'rvu'onu%dmxao~v%

Xov~muxmg~ Yeuflox Zxebxmdv

Fegbxobm~o gu~x`~èg voxy`fov `g ~lo iexd ei m xov~muxmg~ yeuflox zxebxmd mxo mym`cmhco `g voyoxmcmxomv' N`g`gb `g m xov~muxmg~ ~ognv ~e xodeyo ~lo v~`bdmv ei (flmx`~p( mgn (mb`gb( ei~ogmvvef`m~on r`~l fegbxobm~o v`~o zmx~`f`zm~èg mgn dmaov n`go$eu~ zmx~`f`zmg~v iooc (dexo ymcuon(#`'o' o}umc ~e e~lox xov~muxmg~ fegvudoxv' N`g`gb `g mg ogy`xegdog~ ei zoezco ei d`|on mbov mgn



==

~lo ezzex~ug`~p ~e voo ~lo`x go`blhexv mgn ixògnv dmaov zmx~`f`zmg~v iooc dexo vef`mccpmffoz~mhco

Vgeled`vl Feug~p ,Rmvl`gb~eg

^re ~pzov ei xov~muxmg~ yeuflox zxebxmdv mxo eiioxon `g Vgeled`vl feug~p# Rmvl`gb~eg' ^lo i`xv~`v rlog ~lo xov~muxmg~ `v uvon mv ~lo domc v`~o `gv~omn ei m dexo "~xmn`~ègmc" v`~o vufl mv m vogèx ex feddug`~p fog~ox# fluxfl# ex vogèx leuv`gb' @g ~lovo v`~um~ègv# zxebxmd zmx~`f`zmg~v doo~ m~ ~loxov~muxmg~ eg m vzofì`f nmp mgn ~`do mgn om~ ~lo`x domc r`~l e~lox vogèx zmx~`f`zmg~v' Ei~og# mvozmxm~o xeed `v mym`cmhco iex ~lo`x uvo' Mnd`g`v~xm~`yo iugf~ègv vufl mv v`bg`gb `g iex domcv#feccof~`gb negm~ègv# mgn xob`v~ox`gb iex ~lo zxebxmd ,`gfcun`gb gu~x`~èg vfxoog`gb mxo fegnuf~onm~ ~lo xov~muxmg~' ^lo voxy`fov mym`cmhco `g xov~muxmg~$hmvon v`~ov fmg ymxp mv dufl mv `g ~xmn`~ègmcv`~ov' @g vedo `gv~mgfov# ~loxo `v m v`~o dmgmbox# `giexdm~èg eg ezzex~ug`~òv ~e yecug~oox ~enoc`yox domcv ~e ~lo ledoheugn# gu~x`~èg onufm~èg# mgn c`gambov ~e e~lox voxy`fov' @g e~lox fmvov#~lo feg~xmf~ r`~l ~lo gu~x`~èg zxey`nox v~`zucm~ov ~lm~ xov~muxmg~ v~mii r`cc zoxiexd ~lomnd`g`v~xm~`yo iugf~ègv'

Doguv mxo zcmggon hp ~lo xov~muxmg~ r`~l `gzu~ ixed ~lo zxey`nox mgn mzzxeyon hp m nò~`~`mg'Mcc doguv duv~ doo~ ~lo Ecnox Mdox`fmgv Mf~ ,EMM v~mgnmxnv ei ego$~l`xn XofeddognonNò~mxp Mccermgfov mgn fedzc`mgfo r`~l ~lo Nò~mxp Bu`noc`gov' Fev~ mgn fcòg~ zxoioxogfov mxoe~lox v`bgì`fmg~ imf~exv ~lm~ `gicuogfo dogu noyocezdog~' Vedo zxebxmdv fox~ìp m gudhox ei doguv ~lm~ mxo eiioxon hp ~lo xov~muxmg~ ~e ho uvon iex ~lo vogèx domc' ^l`v mzzxemfl zxey`nov mdogu fle`fo iex zmx~`f`zmg~v' E~lox v`~ov voxyo m v`gbco dogu zox nmp# m zxmf~`fo ~lm~ `v v`d`cmx ~edexo ~xmn`~ègmc zxebxmdv' Leroyox# ~l`v mzzxemfl mccerv ~lo xov~muxmg~ ico|`h`c`~p `g dogu zcmgg`gb ~e ~mao mnymg~mbo ei vzof`mcv' Vedo xov~muxmg~v v~xuf~uxo ~lo`x nm`cp vzof`mc mxeugn ~lovogèx dogu ex y`fo yoxvm'

@g feg~xmv~ ~e ~lo zxebxmdv novfx`hon mheyo# m vofegn ~pzo ei voxy`fo noc`yoxp `v mym`cmhco' @g~lovo zxebxmdv# yeufloxv mxo zxey`non iex `gn`y`numcv ~e xonood m~ vzofìòn xov~muxmg~v ex e~lox imf`c`~òv $ m feuzco ei zxebxmdv zxey`no yeufloxv iex levz`~mc fmio~ox`mv' ^loxo `v ge vo~ doo~`gb~`do mgn zmx~`f`zmg~v lmyo bxom~ox ico|`h`c`~p `g no~oxd`g`gb ~lo ~`do ~lop fleevo ~e om~' Hmxx`gbmgp c`d`~m~ègv `dzevon hp ~lo imf`c`~p ,ego levz`~mc legexv yeufloxv egcp m~ hxomaimv~ ex n`ggox# `gn`y`numcv dmp om~ m~ mgp ~`do ~lo imf`c`~p `v ezoxm~`gb# `gfcun`gb rooaognv mgnoyog`gbv' Vo~ doguv mxo mym`cmhco ixed rl`fl ~e fleevo' Doguv duv~ ho mzzxeyon hp m nò~`~`mgmgn doo~ EMM v~mgnmxnv' ê eh~m`g yeufloxv# ecnox mnuc~v uvumccp be ~e m fog~xmc cefm~èg vuflmv m vogèx fog~ox rloxo ~lop zxey`no xo}u`xon xob`v~xm~èg `giexdm~èg mgn dmao ~lo`x negm~èg'Yeufloxv mxo ~log `vvuon mgn uvmbo ~xmfaon mffexn`gb ~e zxebxmd zxe~efec' Vedo zxebxmdvxo}u`xo ~lo xov~muxmg~ ~e yoxìp `nog~ì`fm~èg hoiexo legex`gb ~lo yeuflox'

Iex dexo `giexdm~èg eg ~l`v zxebxmd# `gfcun`gb hogoi`~v mgn flmccogbov# xoiox ~e;rrr'iù'onu%wgu~xocnx%MvaU~loUO|zox~% fegbxobm~oUgu~x`~ègUv`~ov'l~d



=8

Flmgb`gb ~lo @dmbo ei Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv

Dev~ Fegbxobm~o Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv ezoxm~o eu~ ei vogèx fog~oxv mgn dmgp peugbox ecnox mnuc~v neg"~ voo ~lodvocyov mv (vogèx ogeubl( ~e m~~ogn' Mg `dmbo fmg ho fegyopon vecocp hp mgmdo' (Fegbxobm~o Domc Zxebxmd#( (Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd#( (Vogèx Cugfl Zxebxmd#(

(Vogèx Ixògnvl`z Fog~ox# ( mgn e~lox feddegcp uvon gmdov dmp fegge~o ~ee `gv~`~u~ègmc mg`dmbo mgn fmg fmuvo ze~og~`mc zmx~`f`zmg~v ~e voci$vocof~ ~lodvocyov eu~ ei ~lo zxebxmd'

$ ^lo Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p# Vom~~co# Rmvl`gb~eg# fegnuf~on m(gmdo ~lo zxebxmd( feg~ov~ mdegb zmx~`f`zmg~v' Dmgp xovzegvov `gfexzexm~on (vogèx( mgn vedomcve `gfcunon ~lo rexn (fmià'(

$ ^lo (Fmià( rmv mcve m zezucmx rexn zu~ iex~l hp m vogèx dmxao~`gb fcmvv m~ Zuxnuo_g`yoxv`~p# rloxo v~unog~v noyocezon dmxao~`gb zcmgv iex ~lo D`ncmgn Domcv# @gf'#

Ixmgaiux~# @gn`mgm'

$ Domcv eg Rloocv ei Vlmrgoo mgn Koiioxveg Feug~p# @gf'# êzoam# Amgvmv# xofog~cpflmgbon ~lo`x fegbxobm~o gu~x`~èg zxebxmd gmdo ~e (Ixògnvl`z Domcv'(

$ ^lo Degxeo Feug~p Eii`fo iex Mb`gb# Xeflov~ox Gor Pexa # flevo ~lo gmdo(Fog~xe No Exe( ,Fog~ox ei Becn iex ~lo gu~x`~èg zxebxmd `g ~lo L`vzmg`f feddug`~p'


Mb`gb ,GZXF

^lo GZXF m~ Icex`nm @g~oxgm~ègmc _g`yoxv`~p zxey`nov o|foccog~ `giexdm~èg# bu`noc`gov iex noyocez`gb m dmxao~`gb zcmg# mgn xoveuxfov iex mnnxovv`gb ~lo `dmbo ei Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg

Zxebxmdv' ^lo zuhc`fm~èg Mnnxovv`gb ~lo @dmbo ei Ecnox Mdox`fmgv Fegbxobm~o Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv `v mym`cmhco m~; l~~z;%%rrr'iù'onu%wgu~xocnx%MvaU~loUO|zox~%Fuc~uxmcUN`yoxv`~p'l~d

Doo~`gb ~lo Goonv ei Fuc~uxmccp N`yoxvo Ecnox Mnuc~v

Doo~`gb ~lo ieen zxoioxogfov ei zxebxmd zmx~`f`zmg~v fmg ho flmccogb`gb' ^lo ieccer`gbv~xm~obòv zxey`no `ggeym~`yo o|mdzcov ixed m ymxò~p ei vo~~`gbv eg ler ~e mnnxovv ~lo goonv ei fuc~uxmccp n`yoxvo ecnox mnuc~v'

• Ogfeuxmb`gb Feddug`fm~èg mgn Ioonhmfa ixed Fuc~uxmccp N`yoxvo Ecnox

Mnuc~v

$ ^lo Vogèx Xoveuxfo Noyocezdog~ Mbogfp# Zuohce# Fecexmne# lmv m Gu~x`~ègFedd`~~oo con hp ~lo Gu~x`~èg N`xof~ex ei Zuohce"v Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv' ^lo dmkex`~p ei fedd`~~oo dodhoxv mxo v`~o dmgmboxv# rle zxey`no ioonhmfa ixed fuc~uxmccp n`yoxvo ecnox mnuc~v rle om~ m~ ~lo fegbxobm~o v`~ov mgn ixed Domcv$Eg$Rloocv nx`yoxv# rle zxey`no ioonhmfa ixed ledoheugn zmx~`f`zmg~v'



=6

$ C`~~co Lmymgm Mf~`y`~òv mgn Gu~x`~èg Fog~ox# D`md`# Icex`nm# mgn ~lo`x gu~x`~èg`v~ xocp eg m gudhox ei myoguov iex ioonhmfa mgn mvv`v~mgfo r`~l dogu zcmgg`gb iex ~lo`x zx`dmx`cp Fuhmg$Mdox`fmg zezucm~èg' Ledoheugn zmx~`f`zmg~v mxo vuxyopon xobucmxcp hp v~mii xobmxn`gb vm~`vimf~èg r`~l ~lo dogu' V`~o dmgmboxv xozex~ feddog~v ei~og# zmx~`fucmxcp rlog gor `~odv mxo `g~xenufon' Mg mggumc ieen zxoioxogfov oymcum~èg `v

fedzco~on mgn ~lo zxebxmd"v mny`vexp feugf`c mcve mvv`v~v r`~l dogu zcmgg`gb'

$ L`ccvhexeubl Feug~p Mb`gb Voxy`fov# ^mdzm# Icex`nm# uvov m Fuv~edox Vm~`vimf~èg Vuxyop ~e eh~m`g zmx~`f`zmg~ ioonhmfa xobmxn`gb vm~`vimf~èg r`~l ~lo zxebxmdmgn vzofì`f doguv'

$ ^lo Cìo Fmxo Mcc`mgfo# Fecudhuv# Elè# ieugn mcc Mv`mgv vleucn ge~ hofegv`noxon mv ego bxeuz rlog fegv`nox`gb ieen zxoioxogfov mgn vef`mc goonv' ^lo Mcc`mgfo`g`~`m~on vozmxm~o doo~`gbv r`~l xozxovog~m~`yov ixed ~lo Fl`govo# Aexomg# mgn Yò~gmdovofeddug`~òv'

$ ^lo Lmco Dmaum Va`ccon Guxv`gb Imf`c`~p# Amlucu`# Dmu`# Lmrm``# v~mii zxey`no`gzu~ eg ~lo ~pzo ei o~lg`f ieenv ~e `gfcuno eg ~lo doguv' Deg~lcp doo~`gbv r`~l ~lo Xov`nog~Feugf`c ,v`d`cmx ~e m Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd"v mny`vexp feugf`c mxo locn ~e n`vfuvv rl`fl dogu`~odv lmyo hoog vuffovviuc mgn rl`fl `~odv goon ~e ho n`vfeg~`guon ex `dzxeyon'

• Zxey`n`gb Mu~log~`f Fu`v`go

$ Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vgeled`vl Feug~p# Dua`c~oe# Rmvl`gb~eg# uvov nìioxog~o~lg`f xov~muxmg~v ~e fm~ox ~e ~lo`x Aexomg# Fl`govo# mgn Veu~lomv~ Mv`mg bxeuzv' ^loxov~muxmg~v ieccer m domc zm~~oxg zxey`non hp ~lo gu~x`~èg zxey`nox mgn ~lo fm~oxox noyocezv~lo mf~umc dogu hmvon eg ~lo agerg zxoioxogfov ei ~lo bxeuz'

$ Cìo Fmxo Mcc`mgfo# Fecudhuv# Elè voxyov v`d`cmx bxeuzv' Leroyox# ~lop ~xmgvzex~Fl`govo mgn Yò~gmdovo ecnox mnuc~v ~e nìioxog~ Fl`govo mgn Yò~gmdovo xov~muxmg~v oyoxpVm~uxnmp mgn zxey`no zxebxmdd`gb v`d`cmx ~e e~lox fegbxobm~o v`~ov' ^lop ~xmgvzex~ Aexomg zmx~`f`zmg~v ego Vm~uxnmp m deg~l ~e mg o|`v~`gb fegbxobm~o v`~o# rloxo m Aexomg xov~muxmg~fm~oxv ~lo domcv' Zxebxmdd`gb `v mcve zxey`non ~loxo'

$ C`~~co Lmymgm Mf~`y`~òv mgn Gu~x`~èg Fog~ox# D`md`# Icex`nm# uvov m Fuhmg$Mdox`fmg fm~oxox iex ~lo`x fegbxobm~o mgn ledo noc`yoxon domcv' G`go~p$i`yo zoxfog~ ei ~lo zmx~`f`zmg~v mxo d`gex`~p ,zx`dmx cp Fuhmg# Mix`fmg Mdox`fmg# mgn Fmx`hhomg' Mc~leubl zx`dmx`cp Fuhmg `g nov`bg# ~lo doguv mxo d`|on r`~l Mdox`fmg mgn Fmx`hhomg ieenv'

$ ^lo Onborm~ox Xo~`xodog~ Feddug`~p# Bmcyov~eg# ô|mv# iom~uxov ego o~lg`ffu`v`go zox rooa eg m ieux$rooa fpfco dogu zcuv @~mc`mg# Fl`govo# Do|`fmg# o~f'# voxyon ego ex ~re ~`dov zox rooa'

$ ^lo Lmco Dmaum Va`ccon Guxv`gb Imf`c`~p# Amlucu`# Dmu`# Lmrm``# eiioxv fediex~ieenv ~e o~lg`f bxeuzv ì ~lop fmgge~ zxey`no m imd`c`mx o~lg`f og~xào' Iex o|mdzco# ~lop eiiox



=>

~eiu%d`ve vm`d`g ,veuz mv m domc mc~oxgm~o%v`no n`vl ~e Kmzmgovo xov`nog~v mgn vmgnr`flov mv mdomc mc~oxgm~o ~e Fmufmv`mg xov`nog~v'


Mb`gb ,GZXF

^lo GZXF m~ Icex`nm @g~oxgm~ègmc _g`yoxv`~p zxey`nov o|foccog~ bu`noc`gov mgn xoveuxfov iex mnnxovv`gb ~lo goonv ei fuc~uxmccp n`yoxvo ecnox mnuc~v' ^lo zuhc`fm~èg Zxey`n`gb Ieen Voxy`fov~e Doo~ ~lo Goonv ei Fuc~uxmccp N`yoxvo Zmx~`f`zmg~v `v mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%rrr'iù'onu%wgu~xocnx%MvaU~loUO|zox~%Fuc~uxmcUN`yoxv`~p'l~d



=?

Gu~x`~èg Onufm~èg

Mc~leubl gu~x`~èg onufm~èg `v m iugnmdog~mc fedzegog~ `g ~lo OGZ# `~ `v ge~ mcrmpv fegv`noxonm zxebxmd zxèx`~p' _v`gb holmyèx flmgbo mgn mnuc~ comxg`gb ~loexòv# m gudhox ei gu~x`~ègvoxy`fo zxey`noxv lmyo noyocezon zxebxmdv ~lm~ iefuv eg lomc~l zxede~èg mgn n`vomvo

zxoyog~èg ~e locz ecnox mnuc~v xodm`g `gnozognog~ mgn dm`g~m`g ~lo`x }umc`~p ei cìo'

Mnd`g`v~xm~èg eg Mb`gb ,MEM Zxekof~v

@g 8::6# MEM ~omdon r`~l zuhc`f mbogfòv mgn zx`ym~o ieugnm~ègv ~e iugn =6 feddug`~p$hmvon zxekof~v# rl`fl `gfcunon m gudhox ei gu~x`~èg onufm~èg zxekof~v' Vedo ei ~lovo zxekof~v`gfcuno ~lo ieccer`gb;

Deg~mfluvo~~ Ezzex~ug`~p Feugf`c ,Dmvvmfluvo~~v

^l`v zxekof~ `v hmvon eg ^lo Lomc~lp Om~`gb iex Vuffovviuc C`y`gb `g Ecnox Mnuc~v noyocezon

ugnox ~lo Gm~ègmc Feugf`c eg ~lo Mb`gb‐v ,GFEM‐v Denoc Zxebxmdv Zxekof~' ^lo zxebxmdiefuvov eg ogfeuxmb`gb vogèxv ~e ceea m~ gu~x`~èg v~xm~obòv `g m zev`~`yo zxemf~`yo dmggox mgnmccer`gb ~lod ~e ugnoxv~mgn ~lo feg~xec ~lop lmyo `g ~lovo dm~~oxv' Onufm~èg mgn voci$dmgmbodog~ v~xm~obòv mxo v~xovvon# hmvon eg m holmyèx flmgbo mzzxemfl' ^lo zxebxmd iefuvoveg lomx~ mgn hego lomc~lp gu~x`~èg v~xm~obòv ~e locz dm`g~m`g roccgovv mgn `gnozognogfo mgn zxoyog~ flxeg`f n`vomvo noyocezdog~ ex zxebxovvèg'

^lo gu~x`~èg `g~oxyog~èg `v m holmyèx$iefuvon denoc ~lm~ ogfeuxmbov `gn`y`numcv ~e yòrgu~x`~èg v~xm~obòv `g m zev`~`yo zxemf~`yo dmggox' ^lo zxebxmd `v m v`|$rooa rexavlez ~lm~doo~v egfo m rooa iex ~re mgn lmci leuxv omfl ~`do' ^lo bxeuzv mxo imf`c`~m~on hp m cmpzoxvegmgn ~lo zmx~`f`zmg~v‐ comxg`gb `v voci$n`xof~on' M gu~x`~èg`v~ voxyov mv m xoveuxfo ~e ~lo bxeuzv

~e locz mgvrox ~oflg`fmc }uov~ègv mgn vuzzex~ ~lo imf`c`~m~ex' Vovvèg i`yo `v locn m~ m bxefoxpv~exo mgn vovvèg v`| `gfcunov m feea`gb nodegv~xm~èg' ^lovo vovvègv mxo l`blcp `g~oxmf~`yomgn mccer zmx~`f`zmg~v ~e xomn ieen cmhocv# n`vfuvv feea`gb do~lenv# mgn ~xp gor ieenv' Mheu~m deg~l mi~ox ~lo rexavlez lmv ognon ~lo bxeuz bo~v ~ebo~lox iex m cugfloeg' ^l`v zxey`nov mgezzex~ug`~p ~e uvo gor va`ccv mgn m ~`do ~e n`vfuvv `gn`y`numc o|zoxògfov r`~l ~lo zxebxmd'

Zmx~goxvl`zv;

• Gm~ègmc Feugf`c eg Mb`gb

• Cmlop Fc`g`f

• Deg~mfluvo~~ Ezzex~ug`~p Feugf`c

• Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv• Feddug`~p hmvon vogèx bxeuzv

• Lomc~l fc`g`fv% zlpv`f`mg bxeuzv

• Fluxflov

• PDFM% o|oxf`vo imf`c`~òv

Dexo `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~l`v zxekof~ `v mym`cmhco m~; rrr'mem'bey%zxei%oy`nogfo%Deg~Ezz'zni



=9

^lo Lomc~lp Om~`gb iex Vuffovviuc C`y`gb êeca`~ feg~m`gv bu`noc`gov iex `dzcodog~`gb ~lo zxebxmd `g feddug`~p gu~x`~èg vo~~`gbv mgn fmg ho eh~m`gon m~;l~~z;%%mczlm'fexzexm~o{og'fed;8>2%

Mcmde Mxom Feugf`c ei Beyoxgdog~v ,ô|mv

M fuc~uxmccp vogv`~`yo gu~x`~èg zxebxmd cmugflon hp ~lo Mcmde Mxom Feug~p ei Beyoxgdog~v,Vmg Mg~egè# ô|mv `v locz`gb cer$`gfedo L`vzmg`f vogèxv zxoyog~ n`mho~ov hoiexo `~ v~mx~v'Zmx~`f`zmg~v `g ~lo zxebxmd xofo`yo xobucmx lomc~l deg`~ex`gb mgn om~ vzof`mccp zxozmxon –ô|$Do|— cugflov m~ ~lo`x cefmc gu~x ~èg fog~ox' ^lop mcve ~mao zmx~ `g m ~lxoo$nmp$m rooa onufm~èg zxebxmd ~lm~ zxede~ov zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p# lomc~lp feea`gb zxmf~`fov mgn ho~~ox n`vomvo voci$dmgmbodog~'

Zmx~goxvl`zv;

$ Ho|mx Mxom Mbogfp eg Mb`gb ,MMM v xovzegv`hco iex zxekof~ dmgmbodog~# egbe`gb

oymcum~èg ei zxebxovv# eyoxv`bl~ ei ~lo bxmg~ hunbo~# zxozmxm~èg ei xozex~v# mgn feddug`fm~ègvr`~l mcc zmx~goxv'$ F`~p ei Vmg Mg~egè Nozmx~dog~ ei Feddug`~p @g`~`m~`yov ,^ ~co @@@$F Gu~x ~èg

Fog~oxv eyoxvoov ~lo gu~x`~èg zex~èg ei ~lo zxebxmd'$ ^lo ô|mv N`mho~ov @gv~`~u~o mvv`v~v r`~l lomc~l vfxoog`gbv mgn zxey`no fegvuc~m~ègv ~e

zmx~`f`zmg~v# dmao xoioxxmcv ~e lomc~l fmxo zxeiovvègmcv# mgn zxey`no m nò~`f`mg mgn n`mho~`fonufm~ex ~e ~xm`g v~mii'

$ _g`yoxv`~p ei o|mv Lomc~l Vfògfo Fog~ox fegnuf~v lomc~l vfxoog`gbv zxey`non hpguxv`gb v~unog~v'

$ Do~xezec`~mg Lomc~l N`v~x`f~ zxey`nov ~lo vuzzcòv iex ~lo lomc~l vfxoog`gbv `g mnn`~èg~e ~lo lmxnrmxo mgn vei~rmxo goonon ~e noyocez zmx~`f`zmg~ lomc~l zxei`cov'

$ Eux Cmnp ei ~lo Cmao _g`yoxv`~p v ~lo xovomxfl zmx~gox mgn `v xovzegv`hco iex zxekof~oymcum~èg'$ EMV@V zxey`nov zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p m~ zmx~`f`zm~`gb fog~oxv 6 ~`dov zox rooa# `g mnn`~èg

~e onufm~èg eg zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p# nò~# mgn lomc~l voci$dmgmbodog~'$ ^lo Vmg Mg~egè Xov~muxmg~ Mvvef`m~èg zxey`nov ~lo Imd`cp A`~flog vovvègv'

C`~~co Lmymgm Mf~`y`~òv mgn Gu~x`~èg Fog~oxv ei Nmno Feug~p ,IC

Ecnox mnuc~v rle m~~ogn ~lo => C`~~co Lmymgm Mf~`y`~òv ) Gu~x`~èg Fog~oxv mxo xofo`y`gb nò~mxponufm~èg mgn feugvoc`gb ~e locz zxoyog~ lomx~ n`vomvo' ^lo zxebxmd `v hmvon eg ~lo Mdox`fmgLomx~ Mvvef`m~èg‐v om~`gb zcmg# r`~l vocof~`yo mnmz~m~ègv ~e ho~~ox mzzomc ~e L`vzmg`f ecnox mnuc~v'

Mi~ox ugnoxbe`gb m vfxoog`gb ~e mvvovv ~lo`x flecov~oxec mgn ro`bl~# zmx~`f`zmg~v xofo`yo `g~ogv`yogu~x`~èg onufm~èg mgn feugvoc`gb' ^lo bemc ei ~lo zxebxmd `v ~e locz zmx~`f`zmg~v cevo ro`bl~#cerox ~lo`x flecov~oxec# mgn xonufo nò~mxp im~ fegvudz~èg'



=2

Zmx~goxvl`zv;

$ D`md`$Nmno Feug~p Zuhc`f Lomc~l Nozmx~dog~ voxyov mv mg mny`vex `g ~lonoyocezdog~%vocof~èg ei ~lo fuxx`fucud iex ~lo gu~x`~èg rexavlezv mgn gu~x`~èg onufm~èg`g~ogv`yo vovvègv r`~l vuh$bxeuz' ^lop mvvuxo ~lm~ ~lo mzzxezx`m~o `giexdm~èg eg

fmxnèymvfucmx n`vomvo `v `gfcunon `g ~lo covveg zcmgv' ^lo lomc~l nozmx~dog~ mcve zxey`nov v~mii ~e noyocez mgn `dzcodog~ ~lo oymcum~èg'$ ^lo Gm~ègmc Mcc`mgfo iex L`vzmg`f Lomc~l zxey`nov xovomxfl$hmvon nm~m ~e ~lo zxekof~#

`gfcun`gb nm~m eg fuxxog~ n`vzmx`~òv `g lomc~lfmxo mdegb L`vzmg`fv1 locz `g ~lo noyocezdog~ ei ~lo oymcum~èg1 mgn locz r`~l ~lo `g~oxzxo~m~èg ei i`gmc eu~fedov'

$ ^lo Mcc`mgfo iex Mb`gb# ~lo Mxom Mbogfp eg Mb`gb ,MMM iex D`md`$Nmno mgnDegxeo Feug~òv# loczv r`~l ~lo zxede~èg ei ~l`v zxebxmd hopegn C`~~co Lmymgm‐v Mf~`y`~òvmgn Gu~x`~èg Fog~oxv ,CLMGF vogèx fog~oxv' ^lo Mcc`mgfo r`cc mcve voxyo mv m c`ga ~e e~lox ocnoxcp voxy`fo zxey`noxv `g ~lo feddug`~p rlog ~lo zxebxmd `v o|zmgnon hopegn C`~~co Lmymgm'

$ ^lo Mdox`fmg Lomx~ Mvvef`m~èg zxey`nov ~oflg`fmc mvv`v~mgfo xocm~on ~e ~lo`dzcodog~m~èg ei ~lo nò~mxp bu`noc`gov# bu`nmgfo xocm~on ~e vocof~èg ei ~lo fuxx`fucud# mgn

dm~ox`mcv `g Vzmg`vl iex ~lo zxebxmd'

Dexo `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~l`v zxebxmd `v mym`cmhco m~;rrr'mem'bey%zxei%oy`nogfo%C`~~coLmymgm'zni

Vogèx Voxy`fov# Mchmgp ,Gor Pexa

Redog eyox 9: rle lmyo hoog n`mbgevon r`~l lomx~ n`vomvo mxo comxg`gb ~e ho~~ox dmgmbo ~lo`x lomc~l hp `dzxey`gb ~lo`x zlpv`fmc mgn dog~mc rocc$ho`gb# xonuf`gb vpdz~edv# `gfxomv`gb ~lo`x agerconbo ei mgn mffovv ~e feddug`~p xoveuxfov `g m ieux$rooa onufm~èg mgn holmyèx denì`fm~èg zxebxmd eiioxon ~lxeubl Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Mchmgp' ^lo zxebxmd lmv hoogmnmz~on ixed ~lo –Redog ^mao ZX@NO— `g~oxyog~èg# noyocezon mgn ~ov~on hp xovomxfloxv m~ ~lo_g`yoxv`~p ei D`fl`bmg# Vfleec ei Zuhc`f Lomc~l'

Eyox ~lo feuxvo ei m deg~l# zmx~`f`zmg~v comxg bogoxmc zx`gf`zcov ei lomx~ n`vomvo dmgmbodog~mgn mzzcp mg mzzxemfl agerg mv ~lo ZX@NO zxefovv ,Zxehcod @nog~ì`fm~èg# Xovomxfl`gb ego‐vxeu~`go# @nog~ìp`gb m dmgmbodog~ bemc# Noyocez`gb m zcmg ~e xomfl `~# O|zxovv`gb ego‐vxomf~èg%ov~mhc`vl`gb xormxnv iex dma`gb zxebxovv' O|mdzcov ei ~eecv uvon `gfcuno zonedo~oxv#rmca`gb cebv# nò~ cebv# mgn v~xovv dmgmbodog~ dm~ox`mcv' De~`ym~ègmc zlego fmccv mxo dmnorooacp nux`gb ~lo zxebxmd mgn m~ ~lo ieux$ mgn v`|$deg~l dmxav ~e ogfeuxmbo feg~`guon zxebxovv'

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~l`v zxebxmd `v mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%rrr'mchmgpfeug~p'fed%nozmx~dog~v%mb`gb%Gorv%UR^Z'l~d

@giexdm~èg mheu~ MEM vzegvexon zxekof~v fmg ho eh~m`gon hp feg~mf~`gb ~lo _'V' Nozmx~dog~ei Lomc~l mgn Ludmg Voxy`fov# Mnd`g`v~xm~èg eg Mb`gb# Rmvl`gb~eg# N'F'# Zlego ,8:8 >:=$>?>=# O$dm`c mem`gieJmem'bey#Roh v`~o; l~~z;%%rrr'mem'bey'



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Y`vèg iex ~lo Iu~uxo; Ieen Mvv`v~mgfo iex Vogèx Mnuc~v ,Amgvmv

Mc~leubl ~lo Ieen V~mdz Zxebxmd `v mg og~`~codog~ zxebxmd mym`cmhco ~e `gfedo$oc`b`hco zoezcoei mcc mbov# ocnoxcp zoezco `g Fmcìexg`m rle xofo`yo Vuzzcodog~mc Vofux`~p @gfedo%V~m~oVuzzcodog~mc Zmpdog~ ,VV@%VVZ mxo `goc`b`hco iex ieen v~mdzv' Rl`co ieen v~mdz zmx~`f`zm~èg

mdegb oc`b`hco vogèxv `v o|~xodocp cer ~lxeubleu~ ~lo Gm~èg ,mheu~ 6:/# Fmcìexg`m `v ~loegcp v~m~o `g rl`fl VV@%VVZ xof`zòg~v mxo fm~obex`fmccp `goc`b`hco' Novz`~o Fmcìexg`m‐v xucon`vmccer`gb VV@%VVZ xof`zòg~v ~e xofo`yo ieen v~mdzv# vedo cer$`gfedo vogèxv„vzofì`fmccp~levo rle neg‐~ xofo`yo VV@%VVZ„mxo oc`b`hco ~e xofo`yo ieen v~mdzv' @i gm~ègmc v~m~`v~`fv mxomgp `gn`fm~èg# leroyox# ~lovo oc`b`hco vogèxv mxo ge~ càocp ~e zmx~`f`zm~o `g ~lo zxebxmd'

Mg `ggeym~`yo onufm~èg mgn eu~xomfl zxebxmd rmv ugnox~maog ~lxeubl m feccmhexm~èg ho~roogAmgvmv V~m~o _g`yoxv`~p‐v Nozmx~dog~ ei Ludmg Gu~x`~èg%FOV# ~lo Gex~l Fog~xmc$Ic`g~ L`ccvMxom Mbogfp eg Mb`gb ,MMM# mgn ~lo Amgvmv Nozmx~dog~ ei Vef`mc mgn Xolmh`c`~m~èg Voxy`fov,VXV' ^lo zxekof~ rmv iugnon hp ~lo _V Nozmx~dog~ ei Mbx`fuc~uxo iex .6::#:::' ^lo zuxzevoei ~lo zxebxmd rmv ~e imf`c`~m~o bxom~ox mrmxogovv mgn mffovv ~e ~lo ieen v~mdz xebxmd hp ecnox

mnuc~v' ^lo ~omd noyocezon m feddug`~p$hmvon onufm~èg fmdzm`bg ~mxbo~`gb ecnox mnuc~v mgn~lo`x imd`còv' Iex ~re pomxv# ~lop zxede~on mrmxogovv mgn uvo ei ~lo ieen v~mdz zxebxmd uv`gbxovuc~v ixed iefuv bxeuzv mgn vuxyopv ~e noyocez m ymxò~p ei onufm~ègmc dm~ox`mcv `g Ogbc`vlmgn Vzmg`vl# mgn uv`gb duc~`zco eu~xomfl mzzxemflov `g feccmhexm~èg r`~l dmgp feddug`~pexbmg`{m~ègv' ^lo zxekof~ xovuc~on `g m v bgì`fmg~ `gfxomvo `g zmx~`f`zm~èg mdegb ecnox mnuc~v`g ~lo ieen v~mdz zxebxmd g Amgvmv' M no~m`con novfx`z~èg ei ~lo zxekof~ `v mym`cmhco m~;rrr'ggl'exb%gorzxòv~ox% Zxòv~ox:>%Ged`gm~èg/8:Iexd/8:?'nef

^lo _V Nozmx~dog~ ei Mbx`fuc~uxo lmv dmno mym`cmhco uz ~e .? d`ccèg iex m Ieen V~mdzZxebxmd bxmg~ fedzo~`~èg ~e `dzxeyo mffovv ~e mgn mrmxogovv ei _VNM‐v Ieen V~mdz Zxebxmdiex cer$`gfedo leuvolecnv Vec`f`~m~ègv mxo mym`cmhco m~ l~~z;%%rrr#igv'uvnm'bey

ô|mv Feezoxm~`yo O|~ogvèg

R`~l iugn`gb ixed ~lo Eii`fo ei Ludmg Noyocezdog~ Voxy`fov# _'V' Nozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l mgnLudmg Voxy`fov# ^lo ô|mv Feezoxm~`yo O|~ogvèg zmx~goxon r`~l ~lo ô|mv Nozmx~dog~ egMb`gb ~e noyocez m zoox onufm~ex zxebxmd ~e ~xm`g ecnox d`gex`~òv# zmx~`fucmxcp Mix`fmg$Mdox`fmgvmgn L`vzmg`fv ~e ~omfl m zxebxmd eg gu~x`~èg m~ fegbxobm~o domc v ~ov `g =9 feug~òv' Mv`gn`fm~on hp ego O|~ogvèg Mbog~; –^l`v zxebxmd `v nomc iex m vogèx fog~ox' @~ de~`ym~on vogèxv~e bo~ `gyecyon `g lomc~l `vvuov mgn ~e feddug`fm~o r`~l ego mge~lox v~exòv mheu~ ~lodvocyov'^l`v loczv `g feddug`~p hu`cn`gb' ^lo zoox onufm~exv roxo ge~ ceeaon uzeg mv ~omfloxv# hu~ mvm`nov `g locz`gb ~e ugnoxv~mgn n`mho~ov# l`bl hceen zxovvuxo# nò~v# o~f'—

^lo zx`dmxp `dzc`fm~èg ei ~lo xovuc~v xozex~on `g ~l`v nodegv~xm~èg zxekof~ `v ~lm~ zoox onufm~èg uv`gb d`gex`~p ocnoxv mgn vuzzex~on hp y`vumc xovomxfl hmvon onufm~ègmc dm~ox`mcv



=0

fmg ho mg oiiof~`yo do~len ei zxey`n`gb gu~x`~èg onufm~èg m~ vogèx gu~x`~èg v`~ov iex d`gex`~pocnoxv' Iux~lox `dzc`fm~ègv xocm~`gb ~e zxebxmd `dzcodog~m~èg mxo c`v~on hocer;

=' Feug~p O|~ogvèg Mbog~v$Imd`cp mgn Fegvudox Vfògfov mxo m aop xoveuxfo `g`dzcodog~`gb d`gex`~p zoox onufm~ex zxebxmdv# zxey`n`gb xovomxfl hmvon vuzzex~ mgn

comnoxvl`z noyocezdog~ iex zoox onufm~exv'

8' Gu~x`~èg V`~o Dmgmboxv mxo m aop imf~ex `g ~lo vuffovv ei m d`gex`~p zoox onufm~ex zxekof~'Vuzzex~ hp ~l`v feezoxm~ex `v gofovvmxp iex oiiof~`yo zoox xofxu`~dog~ mgn vuzzex~ nux`gb zxebxmd `dzcodog~m~èg'

6' Feug~p O|~ogvèg Mbog~v mgn Gu~x`~èg V`~o Dmgmboxv fmg ho dev~ oiiof~`yo `ggu~x`~èg onufm~èg noc`yoxp ~lxeubl zoox onufm~exv rlog ~lop lmyo m feddeg zoxvegmc mgn ~`do fedd`~dog~ ~e iuci`cc ~lo`x xecov `g ~lo zxebxmd'

>' Zoox onufm~èg uv`gb d`gex`~p ocnoxv `v ego do~len ei oiiof~`yocp o|~ogn`gb ~loonufm~ègmc eu~xomfl ei ~lo O|~ogvèg Voxy`fo' Zoox onufm~exv xomfl hopegn ~lo

`g~ognon munògfo ~e e~lox feddug`~p mgn imd`cp dodhoxv'

?' ^lo ecnox d`gex`~p munògfo flmxmf~ox`v~`fv duv~ ho fegv`noxon rlog vocof~`gb zoox onufm~exv mgn xoveuxfo dm~ox`mcv' Rloxo Vzmg`vl `v vzeaog# Vzmg`vl$vzoma`gb zoox onufm~exv mgn dm~ox`mcv `g Vzmg`vl duv~ ho uvon' Rloxo Ogbc`vl `v vzeaog mv m zxoned`gmg~ zuhc`f cmgbumbo hp ecnox L`vzmg`fv# Ogbc`vl duv~ ho uvon'

9' Zoox onufm~exv mxo dexo oiiof~`yo rlog fox~m`g aop flmxmf~ox`v~`fv mxo zxovog~`gfcun`gb; r`cc`gbgovv ~e comxg# ico|`h`c`~p# nozognmh`c`~p# du~umc xovzof~ hp zoox bxeuzmgn voci fegi`nogfo'

2' Zoox onufm~ex zxebxmdv rl`fl zxey`no m feexn`gm~on vo}uogfo ei domg`gbiuc covvegvfmg zev`~`yocp miiof~ ecnox d`gex`~òv" agerconbo mheu~ lomc~l# gu~x`~èg mgn dog~mclomc~l'

<' Y`noe~mzon v~exòv mheu~ d`gex`~p imd`còv imf`gb lomc~l n`coddmv rl`fl mxo xovecyon~lxeubl ~lo mzzc`fm~èg ei xovomxfl hmvon lomc~l# gu~x`~èg mgn dog~mc lomc~l`giexdm~èg mxo oiiof~`yo onufm~ègmc dm~ox`mcv `g zoox con zxebxmdv'

0' Zoox$con y`noe~mzon `gv~xuf~èg `v dev~ oiiof~`yo `g mg ogy`xegdog~ rloxo v`bl~ mgnlomx`gb goonv ei ocnoxv mgn ~lo `gn`y`numc `g~oxov~ ei ~lo zmx~`f`zmg~v `g comxg`gb mheu~lomc~l# gu~x`~èg mgn dog~mc lomc~l mxo fegv`noxon hp v`~o dmgmboxv rle lmyo ~lo dev~`gicuogfo rloxo ~lo zxebxmd `v `dzcodog~on mgn rle `v `gyecyon'

=:' Iu~uxo noyocezdog~ ei y`noe~mzon v~exòv iex ocnox onufm~èg goonv ~e fegv`nox ~lo fev~ei zxeiovvègmc ~mcog~# ~lo ~`do xo}u`xon iex }umc`~p zxenuf~èg mgn vuzzex~ fev~v iex zxezox~òv# fmv~ mgn fxor'

Dexo `giexdm~èg eg ~lo zxebxmd‐v bemcv# do~lenv# mgn eu~fedov `v mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%ifv'~mdu'onu%imd`còv%mb`gb%lomc~lUmgnUmb`gb%dzoz'zlz



8:

Elè V~m~o _g`yoxv`~p O|~ogvèg

^lo V~mp`gb Rocc fuxx`fucud# noyocezon hp ~lo Elè V~m~o _g`yoxv`~p O|~ogvèg# ElèNozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l# Elè Nozmx~dog~ ei Mb`gb mgn Xevv Zxenuf~v N`y`vèg ei Mhhe~~Cmhexm~exòv# `v m ~omfl`gb ~eec iex voxy`fo zxey`noxv rle rexa r`~l ecnox mnuc~v' ^lo v~oz$hp$

v~oz ~omfl`gb dmgumc bu`nov uvoxv ~lxeubl ~xm`g`gb ~e mvv`v~ mgn odzerox ecnox mnuc~v ~e `dzxeyo~lo`x erg gu~x`~ègmc lomc~l' ^lo ~omfl`gb dmgumc mcve vuzzex~v ~lo Gu~x`~èg Vfxoog`gb@g`~`m~`yo"v No~oxd`go Peux Erg Gu~x`~ègmc Lomc~l flofac`v~ iex ecnox mnuc~v' Covveg ~ez`fv`gfcuno zxezox gu~x`~èg# lomc~lp om~`gb# hmcmgf`gb ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov# mcfelec `g denoxm~èg#nog~mc lomc~l# ieen vlezz`gb# vef`mc om~`gb# don`fm~ègv# ro`bl~ dmgmbodog~# mgn eyoxfed`gbehv~mfcov' Fedzmgèg zòfov ~e ~lo covvegv mxo flmccogbov# `gfog~`yov# xozxenuf`hco lmgneu~v#fedzco~èg fox~ì`fm~ov# oymcum~èg ~eecv mgn m xoveuxfo n`xof~exp'

^l`v fedzxologv`yo dmgumc `v nov`bgon iex Mxom Mbogfòv eg Mb`gb# gu~x`~èg zxey`noxv# cefmclomc~l nozmx~dog~v# o|~ogvèg mbog~v# mgn e~lox feddug`~p zxebxmd comnoxv' V~mp`gb Rocc `v ~loxovuc~ ei m feccmhexm~`yo oiiex~ ~e noyocez odzerox`gb covvegv ~lm~ vuzzex~ ~lo Gu~x`~èg

Vfxoog`gb @g`~`m~`yo"v NOÔXD@GO Peux Erg Gu~x`~ègmc Lomc~l Flofac`v~ iex ecnox mnuc~v'

Zxebxmd dm~ox`mcv mxo mym`cmhco `g m ceevo comi h`gnox n`y`non `g~e i`yo vof~ègv# `gfcun`gb`g~oxyog~èg mf~`y`~òv iex ecnox mnuc~v fedzco~o r`~l ocoyog covveg zcmgv# flmccogbov# mf~`y`~òv# zxede~ègmc `gfog~`yov# xozxenuf`hco lmgneu~v# fox~ì`fm~ov# xoioxogfo dm~ox`mcv# zxebxmdoymcum~èg iexdv mgn m xoveuxfo n`xof~exp' ^lo fev~ iex ~lo h`gnox v .8? zcuv .<'?: V)L; Vlmx`Hmaox# Elè Nozmx~dog~ ei Mb`gb# ?: Rov~ Hxemn V~'# <~l Ic'# Fecudhuv# EL >68=?$?08<# ,9=>>99$:2<6'

_g`yoxv`~p ei @nmle O|~ogvèg

Mg mvvovvdog~ hp Feoux n‐Mcogo‐v Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~ Voxy`fov ,MMV# m geg$zxei`~ mbogfp iugnon~lxeubl ionoxmc# v~m~o# mgn zx`ym~o veuxfov# fegnuf~on mg mvvovvdog~ ei ~lo gu~x`~ègmc goonv ei ocnoxcp `gn`y`numcv `g Gex~loxg @nmle mgn no~oxd`gon ~lm~ gomxcp lmci ei voxy`fo xof`zòg~v roxom~ l`bl gu~x`~ègmc x`va' ^lo MMV ~omdon uz r`~l ~lo _g`yoxv ~p ei @nmle O|~ogvèg ~e noyocezmg onufm~èg zxebxmd ~lm~ lmv xofo`yon gm~ègmc xofebg`~èg mv mg eu~v~mgn`gb o|mdzco ei `ggeym~`yo zxebxmdd`gb nux`gb ~lo 8::> ke`g~ fegioxogfo ei ~lo Mdox`fmg Vefò~p eg Mb`gb mgn~lo Gm~ègmc Feugf`c eg Mb`gb'

^lo zxebxmd `v fmccon ~lo Vogèx O|~ogvèg Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd ,VOGZ' Gu~x`~èg mny`vexv#~xm`gon hp _g`yoxv`~p ei @nmle O|~ogvèg# ~xmyoc ~e fcòg~v‐ ledov ~e zxey`no onufm~ègmc covvegv`g ~lo `dzex~mgfo ei m lomc~lp nò~ iex cegb$~oxd lomc~l1 zcmgg`gb domcv uv`gb ~lo Ieen Bu`noZpxmd`n1 ler ~e zxozmxo }u`fa# cer$fev~ mgn gu~x`~èuv domcv1 ~lo lomc~l hogoi`~v ei om~`gb ixu`~v#yobo~mhcov# mgn rleco$bxm`g ieenv1 don`fm~ègv mgn lomc~l fegn`~ègv ~lm~ miiof~ mzzo~`~o1`dzc`fm~ègv ei vunnog ro`bl~ bm`g ex cevv1 ler ~e dma`gb om~`gb mcego m zcomvmg~ o|zoxògfo1~lo `dzex~mgfo ei rmvl`gb lmgnv# a`~flog vuximfov# mgn a`~flog u~ogv`cv# mgn dmgmb`gb degop ~edmao `~ cmv~ ~lxeubleu~ ~lo deg~l'

@giexdm~èg mheu~ ~lo zxebxmd `v mym`cmhco m~;l~~z;%%`gie'mb'u`nmle'onu%dmbm{`go%r`g~ox8::?%om~`gb'l~d



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_g`yoxv`~p ei Fmcìexg`m Feezoxm~`yo O|~ogvèg

Gu~x`~èg# imd`cp# mgn fegvudox vfògfov mny`vexv m~ ~lo _F Feezoxm~`yo O|~ogvèg iefuv eggu~x`~èg# ieen vmio~p# ieen zxozmxm~èg# ieen zxovoxym~èg# mgn i`gmgfo dmgmbodog~'Feccmhexm~`yo zmx~goxvl`zv r`~l beyoxgdog~ mgn zx`ym~o mbogfòv o|~ogn ~lo xomfl ei _F

mny`vexv' Rexavlezv# zuhc`f doo~`gbv# gorvco~~oxv# mgn e~lox feddug`fm~èg ~eecv hx gb`giexdm~èg ~e ~lo feddug`~p' Iex mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg# feg~mf~ Zobbp Dmua# Feug~pN`xof~ex# X`yoxv`no Feug~p# O|~ogvèg# 8==?: He| Vzx`gbv Xemn# Dexoge Ymccop FM# 08??2$<2:<# ,0?= 9<6$9>0=# fox`yoxv`noJufnmy`v'onu'


Mb`gb ,GZXF

^lo GZXF m~ Icex`nm @g~oxgm~ègmc _g`yoxv`~p zxey`nov o|foccog~ bu`noc`gov mgn xoveuxfov egler ~e `dzcodog~ gu~x`~èg onufm~èg mgn feugvoc`gb iex fuc~uxmccp n`yoxvo vogèxv' ^lo zuhc`fm~èg Fuc~uxmc N`yoxv`~p mv Zmx~ ei Gu~x`~èg Onufm~èg mgn Feugvoc`gb `v mym`cmhco m~;

l~~z;%%rrr'iù'onu%wgu~xocnx%MvaU~loUO|zox~%Gu~x`~ègUOn'l~d



88

Iugn`gb

M gudhox ei gu~x`~èg zxey`noxv mfxevv ~lo feug~xp lmyo ugnox~maog `ggeym~`yo v~xm~obòv ~evofuxo mnn`~ègmc iugn`gb iex ~lo`x zxebxmdv ~lxeubl zuhc`f%zx`ym~o zmx~goxvl`zv mgn cefmciugnxm`v`gb mf~`y`~òv'

@g mnn`~èg ~e ~lo o|mdzcov zxey`non hocer# m uvoiuc bu`no og~`~con Bogoxm~`gb Gor Xoyoguo iex Fegvudox$N`xof~on Zxebxmdv ,Ge~ Kuv~ Xm`v`gb Iugnv) hp Coml Neha`g `v mym`cmhco m~rrr'gfem'exb%m~~mfldog~v% Bogoxm~`gb/8:Xoyoguo/8:Xozex~'zni Peu dmp mcve rmg~ ~e ceea m~ ~lo Roh v`~o rrr'fegvudoxn`xof~èg'exb iex ~lo cm~ov~ gorv mgn`giexdm~èg mheu~ fegvudox$n`xof~on fmxo' ^lo Roh v`~o `v zmx~ ei ~lo –Zxede~`gb Fegvudox N`xof~èg `g Mb`gb Voxy`fov— zxekof~# m feccmhexm~`yo oiiex~ ei ~lo Gm~ègmc Feugf`c eg ~lo Mb`gbmgn ^lo Gm~ègmc Mvvef`m~èg ei V~m~o _g`~v eg Mb`gb# vuzzex~on hp ^lo Xehox~ Reen KelgvegIeugnm~èg'

Feddug`~p Iugnxm`v`gb Oyog~v

$ ^lo Vogèx Xoveuxfo Noyocezdog~ Mbogfp ,VXNM ei Zuohce# Fecexmne zmx~goxvr`~l ~lo Cm~`ge Flmdhox ei Feddoxfo ~e zxovog~ mg mggumc –iòv~m og cm zcm{m— v~xoo~ nmgfo'Iugnv xm`von ixed ~lo oyog~ vuzzex~v ~lo VXNM‐v –Domcv eg Rloocv— zxebxmd# rl`fl zxey`nov~re gu~x`~èuv domcv voyog nmpv m rooa ~e ledoheugn ecnox mnuc~v 69? nmpv m pomx' M~~ognoov m~~lo –iòv~m— fmg ogkep Do|`fmg ieen # m ymxò~p ei nx`ga# ôkmge v~pco duv`f mgn c`yoog~ox~m`gdog~' Ezog ~e ~lo zuhc`f mgn vzegvexon hp Nmco Vzmncop De~exv# Roccv Imxbe Hmga#Hunro`vox M}u`cm mgn Beenx`fl Fexz# ~`fao~v fev~ .? ex .9 m~ ~lo neex'

$ @g Pece Feug~p# Fmcìexg`m# Ixògnv ei Domcv eg Rloocv# m gegzxei`~# yecug~oox$ hmvon bxeuz# lmv hofedo mg `g~obxmc zmx~gox `g xm`v`gb iugnv iex ~lo Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd'

Iugnv mxo xm`von ~lxeubl ~lxoo oyog~v' ^lo mggumc imcc Rmcam~leg rl`fl `v locn m~ m cefmcvlezz`gb dmcc# ~lo r`g~ox Lec`nmp Ledo ~eux# mgn ~lo vzx`gb Oz`fuxomg Ovzx`~# locn m~ m zx`ym~oledo `g Nmy`v ex Reencmgn# FM' ^l`v `v m i`go fu`v`go mgn r`go ~mv~`gb oyog~ locn eu~neexv `g mbmxnog zmx~p vo~~`gb' @g 8::># Ixògnv ei Domcv eg Rloocv rmv mhco ~e negm~o .9:#::: ~e ~loOGZ ~e zuxflmvo ieen mgn feddoxf`mc a`~flog o}u`zdog~'

$ ^lo Mgnoxveg Ymccop ,Fmcìexg`m Vogèx Fog~ox vzegvexv ~lo ieccer`gb iugnxm`v`gboyog~v; ^lo Vzmblo~~` Ioon `g Kmgumxp1 ~lo V~' Zm~x`fa‐v Nmp N`ggox `g Dmxfl1 Icom Dmxao~#Cmhex Nmp rooaogn# Flx`v~dmv Hm{mmx `g Nofodhox' ^lo Fog~ox mcve lecnv m nxmr`gb ~r`fo mpomx iex m ~xez`fmc ymfm~èg iex ~re ex .=::: fmvl' ^`fao~v mxo .=: omfl r`~l m dm|`dud ei 6::~e ho vecn'

$ @g ~lo Hxeg|# Gor Pexa# ^lo F`~pdomcv$eg$Rloocv lmv hoog xm`v`gb zx`ym~o iugnviex dexo ~lmg 8: pomxv ~e vuzzcodog~ ~lo beyoxgdog~$iugnon Domcv$eg$Rloocv zxebxmd ~e zxey`no 8'8 d`ccèg domcv m pomx' @g zmx~goxvl`z r`~l ymxèuv xov~muxmg~v mgn e~lox huv`govvov `g Gor Pexa# F`~pdomcv$eg$Rloocv lecnv gudoxeuv oyog~v ~lxeubleu~ ~lo pomx# ~mxbo~`gb nìioxog~`g~oxov~ bxeuzv vufl mv fmhco ~ocoy`vèg odzcepoov# cmrpoxv# xomc~exv# mgn peugb zxeiovvègmcv'^lo oyog~v mffedzc`vl iugnxm`v`gb# feddug`~p hu`cn`gb# mgn `gfxomvon mrmxogovv ei ~lo zc`bl~ei ledoheugn ecnox mnuc~v rl`co zxey`n`gb m~~ognoov mg og~ox~m`g`gb oyog`gb' Dev~ ei ~lo



86

oyog~v `gyecyo ieen$~mv~`gb mgn og~ox~m`gdog~ m~ ymxèuv xov~muxmg~v ~lxeubleu~ ~lo f`~p# rloxoieen mgn voxy`fov mxo negm~on ~e ~`fao~$zmp`gb buov~v' Iugnxm`v`gb oyog~v lmyo xm`von d`cc egv ei neccmxv iex F`~pdomcv$eg$Rloocv mgn lmyo hoog xozc`fm~on `g e~lox feddug`~òv' M novfx`z~ègei vedo ei ~lovo oyog~v fmg ho ieugn m~; l~~z;%%h`{hmvl'fed%feg~og~%on`~ex`mc%o==:9'mvz

Feddug`~p Noyocezdog~ Hcefa Bxmg~v ,FNHB

$ ê locz zmp iex `~v Domcv eg Rloocv zxebxmd# ~lo Ondegn ,Eacmledm Deh`co

Domcv mzzcòn iex mgn xofo`yon iugn`gb ixed m Feddug`~p Noyocezdog~ Hcefa Bxmg~ ,FNHB'Mzzxe|`dm~ocp 22 domcv mxo zxozmxon mgn noc`yoxon omfl nmp ~e ledoheugn vogèxv hpyecug~ooxv'

$ ^lo F`~p ei Nmy`v ,Fmcìexg`m xofo`yon .=?#::: `g FNHB iugn`gb ~e `gfxomvo ~vmh`c`~p ~e zxey`no 2#<0? le~# gu~x`~èuv# ledo$noc`yoxon domcv ~e 2? yoxp cer mgn denoxm~ocp cer`gfedo# `vecm~on vogèxv `g ~lo f`~p' Mg o|mdzco ei ~lo bxmg~ zxezevmc v mym`cmhco m~;rrr'f`~p'nmy`v'fm'uv%zfv% fnhb%:?:9zni%:?:9$zoezcoxoveuxfov'zni

$ ^lo C`yo Ema Gu~x`~èg%Voxy`fov Fog~ox `g Cev Bm~ev# Fmcìexg`m# xofo`yon m FNHBei .8<#::: ~e locz zxey`no domcv iex zmx~`f`zmg~v `g ~lo fegbxobm~o domc zxebxmd'

$ @g Zex~vdeu~l# Y`xb`g`m# m .8?#::: FNHB rmv mrmxnon ~e ~lo Zex~vdeu~lFeddug`~p Lomc~l Fog~ox iex n`mho~`f zm~òg~ onufm~èg'

Feddug`~p Voxy`fov Hcefa Bxmg~

^lo Feddug`~p Voxy`fov Hcefa Bxmg~ ,FVHB `v m ionoxmc# mg~`$zeyox~p hcefa bxmg~ rl`fl iugnv~lo ezoxm~ègv ei m v~m~o$mnd`g`v~oxon go~rexa ei cefmc mbogfòv' ^l`v FVHB go~rexa fegv`v~v ei dexo ~lmg =#=:: mbogfòv ~lm~ fxom~o# feexn`gm~o mgn noc`yox zxebxmdv mgn voxy`fov ~e cer$`gfedo Mdox`fmgv `g 09 zoxfog~ ei ~lo gm~èg"v feug~òv' Dev~ mbogfòv `g ~lo FVHB go~rexa mxo Feddug`~p Mf~èg Mbogfòv ,FMMv# fxom~on ~lxeubl ~lo Ofeged`f Ezzex~ug`~p Mf~# m zxonofovvex ei ~lo FVHB'

^lo Feddug`~p Voxy`fo Hcefa Bxmg~ zxebxmd zxey`nov V~m~ov mgn Ionoxmc mgn V~m~o$xofebg`{on@gn`mg ^x`hov r`~l iugnv ~e zxey`no m xmgbo ei voxy`fov ~e mnnxovv ~lo goonv ei cer `gfedo`gn`y`numcv ~e mdocèxm~o ~lo fmuvov mgn fegn`~ègv ei zeyox~p' ^lo FVHB `v mnd`g`v~oxon hp ~loN`y`vèg ei V~m~o Mvv`v~mgfo `g ~lo Eii`fo ei Feddug`~p Voxy`fov ,EFV'l~~z;%%rrr'mfi'llv'bey%zxebxmdv%efv%fvhb%

^xm`g`gb mgn ôflg`fmc Mvv`v~mgfo `v zxey`non ugnox Vof~èg 92> Mu~lex`{m~èg ei Mzzxezx`m~ègv mgn Vof~èg 92<M ^xm`g`gb# ôflg`fmc Mvv`v~mgfo# mgn E~lox Mf~`y`~òv ei ~loFeddug`~p Voxy`fov Hcefa Bxmg~ Mf~' Omfl pomx# m Ionoxmc Zxebxmd Mggeugfodog~ `v vvuonnovfx`h`gb ~xm`g`gb mgn ~oflg`fmc zxebxmd zxèx`~òv iex iugn`gb' Mzzc`fmg~v zmx~`f`zm~o `g mfedzo~`~`yo zoox xoyòr zxefovv iex bxmg~ mrmxnv'

$ Hufaopo L`ccv$Lefa`gb Ymccop Mxom Mbogfp eg Mb`gb N`v~x`f~ < ,Elè' @g =000#v`|~oog gu~x`~èg v`~ov roxo uz mgn xugg`gb `g ~lo MMM‐v o`bl~$feug~p xobèg' 22#:=6 domcv



8>

roxo voxyon ~e 9#2?= oc`b`hco vogèxv m~ fegbxobm~o domc v`~ov mgn =80#2:= domcv roxo ledo$noc`yoxon ~e 6#2?= ledoheugn vogèxv' Iugn`gb veuxfov iex ~l`v zxebxmd `gfcuno ~lo Ecnox Mdox`fmgv Mf~# Elè Vogèx Feddug`~p Voxy`fov Hcefa Bxmg~# mgn ~lo negm~ègv ixed ~lovogèx zmx~`f`zmg~v mgn ~lo`x imd`còv'

$ @g Zuohce Feug~p ,Fecexmne# noc`yoxp ei ieen ~e =#26> ugnuzc`fm~on ledoheugnvogèxv mgn n`vmhcon zoxvegv rmv zlmvon eu~ nuo ~e ~lo cmfa ei yecug~ooxv goonon ~e noc`yox ieen'^lo Vogèx Xoveuxfo Noyocezdog~ Mbogfp uvon FVHB iugn`gb ~e exbmg`{o vogèx yecug~ooxv ~eimf`c`~m~o ~lo ymxèuv ~mvav# `gfcun`gb zmfa`gb ei uz ~e =6#::: ieen vgmfav' FVHB iugnv roxouvon ~e vuzzcodog~ ~lo fev~v ei ~lo n`xof~ mgn `gn`xof~ voxy`fov ~òn ~e ~l`v zxebxmd' ^logu~x`~èg v~mii noyocezon m zcmg `g rl`fl mcc ledoheugn noc`yoxp leuvolecnv roxo feg~mf~on mgn~ecn mheu~ ~lo mym`cmh`c`~p ei ieen' V~mii `nog~ìòn m –nov`bgm~on zoxveg— o`~lox imd`cp ixògn ex mbogfp yecug~oox iex omfl ledoheugn leuvolecn rle feucn z`fa uz ~lo`x fedden`~òv `g exnox ~e ogvuxo ~lo feg~`gumgfo ei voxy`fov'

$ ^lo V~' Kelgv Feug~p Feugf`c eg Mb`gb ,Icex`nm uvon FVHB iugnv ~e noyocez mg

o|oxf`vo mgn gu~x`~èg zxebxmd iex vogèxv'

Iex `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~lo FVHB zxebxmd `g Fmcìexg`m# feg~mf~;Dx' ^`de~lp Nmpege~N`xof~ex V~m~o ei Fmcìexg`mNozmx~dog~ ei Feddug`~p Voxy`fov ) Noyocezdog~2:: G' =:~l V~xoo~# Xeed 8?<Vmfxmdog~e# FM 0?<=>$:66<Zlego; 0=9%6>=$>6::Im|; 0=9%682$6=?6

Odm`c; ~nmpege~Jfvn'fm'be

Fmcìexg`m%Goymnm Feddug`~p Mf~èg Zmx~goxvl`z ,Fmc%Goym

Feddug`~p Ieen mgn Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd D`g`$Bxmg~v

^lo Fmc%Goym `v ~lo dodhox Mvvef`m~èg ei Fmcìexg`m mgn Goymnm Feddug`~p Mf~èg Mbogfòv,FMM‐v mgn e~lox geg$zxei`~ exbmg`{m~ègv ~lm~# ~ebo~lox# voxyo eyox > d`ccèg cer `gfedo`gn`y`numcv omfl pomx' Eyox ~lo pomxv# Fmc%Goym lmv iugnon voyoxmc gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv iex ecnox mnuc~v' Iex o|mdzco;

$ F`~p ei Emacmgn ,Fmcìexg`m Feddug`~p Mf~èg Zmx~goxvl`z' @g 8::6%:> Fmc%GoymD`g`$Bxmg~ iugnv roxo mrmxnon ~e ~lo F`~p ei Emacmgn Feddug`~p Mf~èg Zmx~goxvl`z ~e cmugflm z`ce~ zxekof~ fmccon ~lo X`vo mgn Vl`go Vogèx Hxomaimv~ Zxebxmd' ^lo zxebxmd mnnxovvov ~lo`vvuo ei ~lo `gfxomv`gb gudhox ei vogèxv rle ne ge~ lmyo mffovv ~e rlecovedo ieenv mgn%ex nò~v# vzofì`fmccp hxomaimv~# mgn rle mxo cmfa`gb `gv~xuf~èg eg ~lo `dzex~mgfo ei gu~x`~èg ~e~lo`x lomc~l mgn rocc$ho`gb' ^lo bemc ei ~lo zxekof~ `v ~e zxede~o ~lo nm`cp fegvudz~èg ei mrlecovedo mgn lomc~lp hxomaimv~# `gfcun`gb rleco bxm`gv# l`bl$i`hox foxomcv# ixovl ixu`~# mgn ku`fov' @g mnn`~èg# ~lo zxebxmd iom~uxov m voxòv ei zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~òv mgn o|oxf`vov ~e ho zoxiexdon hoiexo mgn mi~ox ~lo hxomaimv~' Zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~òv `gfcuno Hxoma ~lo Imv~ Moxeh`fv



8?

vovvègv# Been Dexg`gb Pebm# mgn m zxebxmd bomxon ~ermxnv covv deh`co zmx~`f`zmg~v fmccon G`hhco mgn Gunbo'

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg eg ~lo Fmc%Goym D`g`$Bxmg~v zxebxmd fmg ho ieugn m~; l~~z;%%rrr'fmc$goym'exb' ex hp feg~mf~`gb Fmcìexg`m mgn Goymnm Feddug`~p Mf~èg Zmx~goxvl`z# 88? 6:~l

V~xoo~# Vu`~o 8::# Vmfxmdog~e# FM 0?<=9# ,0=9 >>6$=28='

Feddug`~p Gu~x`~èg @gv~`~u~o

^lo Feddug`~p Gu~x`~èg @gv~`~u~o ,FG@ `v m gm~ègmc geg$zxei`~ exbmg`{m~èg# ieugnon `g =02:# ~lm~ zxey`nov `giexdm~èg# onufm~èg# mgn ~xm`g`gb eg nedov~`f mgn `g~oxgm~ègmc ieen mgn gu~x`~ègfegfoxgv' @g =02=# FG@ hobmg zuhc`vl`gb (FG@ Rooacp Xozex~#( rl`fl cm~ox hofmdo (Gu~x`~ègRooa#( m gorvco~~ox ~lm~ `v ger `g `~v 66xn pomx ei feg~`gueuv zuhc`fm~èg' FG@ rmv mrmxnon ionoxmciugnv ~e noyocez mgn `dzcodog~ m ~lxoo$pomx xovomxfl ,8::8$8::? mgn nm~m feccof~èg zxekof~ ugnox ~lo Feddug`~p Ieen mgn Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd ,FIGZ' Rexa`gb `g zmx~goxvl`z r`~l cefmcexbmg`{m~ègv mfxevv ~lo feug~xp# voyoxmc zxekof~v roxo iugnon ~e mnnxovv ~lo gu~x`~èg goonv ei ecnox

mnuc~v# `gfcun`gb;

$ Lmrm`` Ieenhmga# @gf' ,Legecucu# L@' Lmrm`` Ieenhmga# @gf' xofo`yon .?:#::: `g8::6 ~e ioon cer$`gfedo vogèxv `g ~lo Legecucu mxom' ^lo zxekof~# `g feccmhexm~èg r`~l Cmgma`cmDomcv eg Rloocv ,ex e~lox feccmhexm~`yo zmx~goxv rmv ~e zxey`no vogèx f`~`{ogv r`~l he|ov ei ieen`g mnn`~èg ~e ~lo zxozmxon domcv `~ mcxomnp noc`yoxv'

@g exnox ~e `gfxomvo gu~x`~ègmc `g~mao ei cer$`gfedo ocnoxcp `gn`y`numcv# onufm~èg dm~ox`mcv„ bomxon ~ermxn ocnoxcp `gn`y`numcv„roxo fxom~on mgn n`v~x`hu~on' ^loxo mxo dmgp v~m~o mgn geg$ zxei`~ zxebxmdv ~lm~ zxey`no ieen# vef`mc `g~oxmf~èg# ~xmgvcm~èg voxy`fov# lomc~l n`mbgev~`fv#onufm~èg mgn oyog ~xmgvzex~m~èg' Leroyox# dmgp vogèxv mxo ge~ mrmxo ei ~lovo zxebxmdv ex v`dzcp neg‐~ ager ler ~e xomfl ~lod' ê zxede~o `gfxomvon uvo mgn noc`yoxp ei ~lovo voxy`fov ~ecer$`gfedo vogèxv# mg `giexdm~ègmc mgn xoioxxmc hxefluxo rmv fxom~on mgn n`v~x`hu~on `g ~lo ieen he|ov# mc~oxgm~`gb r`~l ~lo gu~x`~ègmc onufm~èg dm~ox`mc' ^lo onufm~ègmc zòfo `gfcunon`giexdm~èg eg ~lo 8== vef`mc voxy`fo `giexdm~èg c`go# ^lo Lmrm`` Feugf`c eg Mb`gb# ~lo F`~p mgnFeug~p Vogèx Le~c`go mgn e~lox cefmc vogèx zxebxmdv'

$ Vmg Mg~egè Ieen Hmga# @gf' ,ô|mv' Vmg Mg~egè Ieen Hmga# @gf' ,VMIHxofo`yon m .?:#::: bxmg~ ~e `dzcodog~ mg `g~ogv`yo fmzmf`~p$hu`cn`gb zxekof~ `g ~lo F`~p ei VmgMg~egè mgn Ho|mx Feug~p# ô|mv' @g ~lo ~mxbo~ mxom# ei ~lo 6?>#96: zoezco rle mxo ze~og~`mccpoc`b`hco ~e xofo`yo ieen v~mdzv# egcp ===#:89 mxo zmx~`f`zm~`gb' ^l`v bxmg~ `gfxomvon ~lo vuffovvVMIH lmv egcp hobug ~e xomc`{o r`~l mg o|`v~`gb ieen v~mdz eu~xomfl zxekof~'

^lo fedh`gon ieen v~mdzv mgn been gu~x`~èg iex vogèxv zxekof~ ogmhcon 9:: vogèxv ~e hofedofox~ìòn `g ~lo ieen v~mdz zxebxmd mgn zxey`non domg`gbiuc mgn zxmf~`fmc been gu~x`~ègonufm~èg ~e ~lo vmdo zezucm~èg'



89

$ _g`~on Feddug`~p Fog~oxv# @gf' ,Hxeeacpg# Gor Pexa' _g`~on Feddug`~pFog~oxv# @gf' ,_FF xofo`yon m .?:#::: bxmg~ ~e zxey`no feddug`~p ieen mgn gu~x`~èg voxy`fov~e cer$`gfedo xov`nog~v `g Omv~ Gor Pexa ,Hxeeacpg# Gor Pexa' Novz`~o duc~`zco `gfog~`yov#dmgp oc`b`hco cer$`gfedo xov`nog~v `g ~l`v mxom im`c ~e zmx~`f`zm~o `g ieen mvv`v~mgfo zxebxmdv'Omfl pomx# .8>2#=89 ei Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd ,IDGZ feuzegv mxo n`v~x`hu~on ~e

R@F mgn vogèx fog~oxv ~lxeubl m Ionoxmc$V~m~o zmx~goxvl`z' Leroyox hofmuvo ei cmfa ei onufm~èg mgn cer –ioc~ goon#— ~lo myoxmbo xonodz~èg xm~o ei IDGZ feuzegv `g Omv~ Gor Pexa rmv ?</' Ieen v~mdz zmx~`f`zm~èg xm~ov lmyo nofc`gon# mgn dmgp Omv~ Gor Pexa Feddug`~p$Vuzzex~on Mbx`fuc~uxmc Zxebxmd ,OGPFVM vlmxov fuxxog~cp xodm`g ugvecn iex ~lo Omv~ GorPexa Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~ vomveg'

^lxeubl m ~mxbo~on vef`mc dmxao~`gb fmdzm`bg# ~lo ehkof~`yo ei ~lo zxekof~ rmv iex _FF ~e`dzxeyo nò~mxp holmyèx mgn `gfxomvo zxebxmd zmx~`f`zm~èg mdegb oc`b`hco cer$`gfedo Omv~ Gor Pexa xov`nog~v' Hu`cn`gb eg ~lo v~mx~$uz vuffovv ei ~lo Omv~ Gor Pexa Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~#_FF zxezevon ~lo OGP Imxdv- Feddug`~p Exbmg`{`gb Gu~x`~èg Go~rexa iex Onufm~`gbFegvudox ^mv~ov ,OGP Imxdv- Feggof~ mv m gor `g`~`m~`yo ~e `gfxomvo ~lo –ioc~ goon— iex ixovl

ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov mdegb cer$`gfedo xov`nog~v `g Omv~ Gor Pexa' Hofmuvo Omv~ Gor Pexa lmv ~lo l`blov~ xm~o ei ehov`~p ei mgp Hxeeacpg feddug`~p mgn ~lo vofegn l`blov~ xm~o ei ehov`~p`g Gor Pexa F`~p# OGP Imxdv- Feggof~ iefuvon eg; ,= `gfxomv`gb ~lo uvo ei ~lo IDGZyeufloxv m~ ~lo OGP Imxdoxv‐ Dmxao~# ,8 `gfxomv`gb zmx~`f`zm~èg `g OGPFVM# mgn ,6`gfxomv`gb zmx~`f`zm~èg mgn uvo ei ~lo ieen v~mdz zxebxmd'

$ Neubcmv Floxeaoo Ofeged`f Mu~lex`~p# @gf' ,Dexx`v~erg# ^G' ^lo NeubcmvFloxeaoo Ofeged`f Mu~lex`~p ,NFOM `gfxomvov ~lo fmzmf`~p ei feddug`~p bxeuzv mgn im`~l$ hmvon exbmg`{m~ègv hp zxey`n`gb gu~x`~èg mgn xocm~on voxy`fov ~e eyox ?:: ocnoxcp ledoheugn zoezco r`~l zeyox~p$coyoc `gfedov' ^lo ~mxbo~ mxom `v v`|# l`bl$zeyox~p feug~òv `g Omv~ôggovvoo' R`~l m bxmg~ ei .>0#?::# ~lo bemc ei ~lo zxekof~ rmv ~e feexn`gm~o voxy`fov zxey`non hp ~lo Vogèx Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd# ~lo Ieen V~mdz Zxebxmd# mgn e~lox zuhc`f mgn zx`ym~ogu~x`~èg# lomc~l# mgn vef`mc voxy`fov exbmg`{m~ègv' NFOM xofxu`~v mgn ~xm`gv dodhoxv ei feddug`~p mgn im`~l$hmvon exbmg`{m~ègv ~e voxyo mv Vogèx Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd yecug~ooxv#ezoxm~o Mnez~ mg Ocnox zxekof~v# bxer zxenufo iex n`v~x`hu~èg ~e ~lo ocnoxcp ~mxbo~ bxeuz# xm`voiugnv ~e mccer ~lo Vogèx Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmd ~e o|zmgn ~lo }umc`~p mgn }umg~`~p ei voxy`fov ~e ~loocnoxcp c`y`gb `g zeyox~p# mgn voxyo mv ieen v~mdz xozxovog~m~`yo zmpoov'

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg eg ~lovo mgn e~lox FG@ zxebxmdv fmg ho eh~m`gonm~;l~~z;%%rrr'feddug`~pgu~x`~èg'exb%figz'l~d

FG@ mcve zxey`nov m cogb~lp c`v~ ei iugn`gb veuxfov# mym`cmhcom~;l~~z;%%rrr'feddug`~pgu~x`~èg'exb%xoveuxfov'l~d

@g Fmcìexg`m# ~lo FG@ feg~mf~ `v;Kelg Eflem# Nozmx~dog~ ei Feddug`~p Voxy`fov mgn Noyocezdog~2:: Gex~l =:~l V~xoo~# Xeed 8?<Vmfxmdog~e# FM 0?<=>ôc; ,0=9 6>=$>682O$dm`c; keflemJfvn'fm'bey



82

Domcv eg Rloocv Ieugnm~èg

R`~l iugn`gb ixed ~lo Mc~x`m Bxeuz# ~lo zmxog~ fedzmgp ei Axmi~ Ieenv# Zl`c`z Dexx`v@g~oxgm~ègmc mgn Zl`cc`z Dexx`v _VM# ~lo Domcv eg Rloocv Ieugnm~èg lmv zxey`non voyoxmcd`ccèg neccmxv `g bxmg~v ~e iugn cefmc Domcv eg Rloocv zxekof~v mfxevv ~lo feug~xp ~lxeubl ~re

`g`~`m~`yov; Vogèx Locz`gbv mgn Vogèx Locz`gbv Feddug`~p Femc`~ègv'

• Vogèx Locz`gbv `v ~lo cmxbov~ lugbox$xocòi `g`~`m~`yo rl`fl zxey`nov bxmg~v ~e xonuform`~`gb c`v~v iex Domcv eg Rloocv zxebxmdv' Vedo o|mdzcov ei zxekof~v iugnon `gfcuno;

$ M .86#::: bxmg~ rmv mrmxnon ~e Vogèx Ixògnvl`z Fog~oxv# @gf'# Vmxmve~m# Icex`nm#~e feg~`guo voxy`fo ~e `~v 2< fcòg~v `g NoVe~e Feug~p# mg og~`xocp xuxmc# ofeged`fmccp nozxovvonmxom'

$ M .60#::: bxmg~ rmv mrmxnon ~e Imd`cp Voxy`fov Reeniòcn ,IVR# Hx`nbozex~#

Feggof~`fu~# ~e zuxflmvo m –Le~ Vle~— noc`yoxp yol`fco# ogmhc`gb ~lo exbmg`{m~èg ~e zxey`no

ixe{og domcv ~e 82 `gn`y`numcv eg ~v rm`~`gb c`v~' Egfo m rooa# IVR noc`yoxv voyog gu~x`~èuv#ixe{og domcv ~e vogèxv rle mxo mhco ~e vmiocp v~exo mgn xolom~ ~lod ~lxeubleu~ ~lo rooa' ^l`v zxekof~ mccerv ~lo exbmg`{m~èg ~e noye~o dexo v~mii mgn yecug~oox ~`do ~e voxy`gb m bxer`gbgudhox ei xo}uov~v iex nm`cp# le~ domc noc`yoxòv'

$ ^lo Kor`vl Mvvef`m~èg eg Mb`gb ,KMM‐v Deccò‐v Domcv ,Z`~~vhuxbl#

Zoggvpcymg`m xofo`yon m .60#::: bxmg~ ~e oc`d`gm~o `~v 82$zoxveg rm`~`gb c`v~ iex ledo$noc`yoxon domcv' ^lo iugnv roxo mcve uvon ~e zuxflmvo m gor noc`yoxp yol`fco mgn ixoo{oxv#ogmhc`gb KMM ~e `gfxomvo `~v voxy`fo mxom ~e xomfl dexo vogèxv'

• Vogèx Locz`gbv Feddug`~p Femc`~ègv `v mg `g`~`m~`yo ~lm~ ogfeuxmbov feccmhexm~`yo

mzzxemflov ~e mnnxovv`gb ~lo `vvuo ei ieen xocòi iex ecnox mnuc~v' ^lo zmx~goxvl`zv vuzzex~on hp~lo bxmg~v ogfeuxmbo geg$zxei`~ exbmg`{m~ègv ~e o|zcexo gor rmpv ~e fxom~o oii`fòg~# fev~$oiiof~`yo do~lenv iex zeec`gb xoveuxfov mgn vlmx`gb hov~ zxmf~`fov `g exnox ~e hov~ voxyo ~lomb`gb zezucm~èg `g ~lo`x feddug`~òv' Vedo o|mdzcov ei zxekof~v iugnon `gfcuno;

$ Lomc~l ^xuv~ Domcv eg Rloocv ,Vmg~m Fcmxm# Fmcìexg`m# ~lo egcp zxey`nox ei ledo$noc`yoxon domcv iex vogèxv `g Vmg~m Fcmxm Feug~p# xofo`yon m .=8?#::: bxmg~ ~e iugn mfeccmhexm~èg r`~l m cefmc levz`~mc ~e noc`yox dexo ~lmg =8#::: domcv ~e ?: ecnox mnuc~v eyox m zoxèn ei ego pomx' ^lo levz`~mc mcve o|zmgnon `~v a`~flog fmzmf`~p ~e lmgnco zxenuf~èg ei o|~xmdomcv'

$ Vogèx Domcv Zxebxmd @gf' ,Bxmgn Xmz`nv# D`fl`bmg mgn ~lxoo e~lox mxom lugbox xocòi bxeuzv xofo`yon m .>8#?:: bxmg~ ~e ioon mzzxe|`dm~ocp 6:: mxom vogèxv omfl deg~l hpov~mhc`vl`gb m vogèxv$egcp ieen zmg~xp eg ~lo Gex~l v`no ei Aog~ Feug~p' @g mnn`~èg ~e ezog`gbm gor zmg~xp# bxmg~ iugn`gb rmv uvon ~e `gfxomvo voxy`fov m~ mge~lox zmg~xp# rl`fl rmv iexfon ~e~odzexmx`cp fcevo nuo ~e cmfa ei iugn`gb'

$ ^lo Gex~l ô|mv Ieen Hmga ,Nmccmv# ô|mv xofo`yon m .09#::: bxmg~ ~e zxey`no??#9>: iuccp zxozmxon domcv ~e cer$`gfedo vogèxv eyox m zoxèn ei ego pomx' ^lo domcv roxo



8<

n`v~x`hu~on `g zmx~goxvl`z r`~l ieux xuxmc ieen hmgav ~lm~ voxyo he~l ledoheugn `gn`y`numcv mgn~levo rle zmx~`f`zm~o `g eg$v ~o gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv' Bxmg~ iugn`gb rmv mcve uvon ~e zxozmxo mgnn`v~x`hu~o dexo ~lmg =#::: ixe{og domcv zox rooa# mgn ~e zuxflmvo gor a`~flog o}u`zdog~ mgnvuzzcòv'

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ iugn`gb `v mym`cmhco ixed ~lo Gm~ègmc Domcv eg RloocvIeugnm~èg m~; l~~z;%%rrr'gm~ègmcdomcvegrloocv'exb'



80

Zmx~ @@' Fmvo V~unòv

@g ~l`v vof~èg# i yo o|odzcmxp zxebxmdv mxo xoyòron `g bxom~ox no~m`c' ^lovo `gfcuno

• Cemyov ) I`vlov ,Exobeg

• Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z ,Rmvl`gb~eg

• Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p Rmvl`gb~eg

• Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m

• Nocmrmxo N`y`vèg ei Voxy`fov iex Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~v r`~l Zlpv`fmc N`vmh`c`~òvD`ccoggùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv



6:

Cemyov ) I`vlov ,Zex~cmgn# Exobeg

Cemyov ) I`vlov `v m gegzxei`~# gegvof~mx`mg exbmg`{m~èg ~lm~ zxey`nov le~# gu~x`~èuv domcv~e vogèxv 9: pomxv mgn ecnox' Dexo ~lmg =#::: vogèxv y`v ~ ego ei 8: domc v`~ov ~lxeubleu~~re feug~òv omfl rooanmp# rl`co mge~lox 8#2?: xofo`yo Domcv$Eg$Rloocv ~lm~ mxo noc`yoxon

hp yecug~ooxv' Vogèxv mcve lmyo mffovv ~e o|oxf`vo# gu~x`~èg onufm~èg# n`mho~ovdmgmbodog~# m ymxò~p ei mf~`y`~òv mgn yecug~oox ezzex~ug`~òv'

Zxebxmdv' Nuo ~e ~lo bxer`gb gudhox ei ecnox mnuc~v `g goon ei voxy`fov# dmgp gor zxebxmdv mgn voxy`fov lmyo xofog~cp hoog noyocezon ~e xoicof~ ~lo flmgb`gb nodebxmzl`fv `g~lo mb`gb zezucm~èg' Cemyov ) I`vlov zxey`nov dexo domc vocof~ègv# `gfcun`gb vmcmn hmxvmgn o~lg`f doguv' Iex o|mdzco# L`vzmg`f zxebxmdd`gb `v eiioxon m~ i`yo ei ~v fog~oxv#`gfcun`gb o~lg`f domcv mgn Do|`fmg h`gbe' @g ego feug~p# ~lo zxebxmd `v fmccon –Cm Iuog~o noMd`v~mn— ,Ieug~m`g ei Ixògnvl`z' Cm~`ge n`mho~`fv fmg mcve ~mao mnymg~mbo ei ~loRmvl`gb~eg Feug~p N`mho~ov Femc`~èg# rlevo zuxzevo `v ~e zxey`no mrmxogovv# onufm~èg# mgnvoxy`fov iex Cm~`ge n`mho~`fv g ~re feug~òv' Z`$Goo$Rmuv `v m Gm~`yo Mdox`fmg bxeuz ~lm~

doo~v egfo m rooa m~ m Fog~ox iex m le~ domc# ioccervl`z# mgn v~exp ~occ`gb' Mv`mg zxebxmdd`gb `v mym`cmhco m~ ego Fog~ox# rloxo mu~log~`f Fl`govo fu`v`go `v voxyon egDegnmpv# Rongovnmpv# mgn Ix`nmpv' @g mnn`~èg m b`mg~ Fl`govo Gor Pomx‐v n`ggox `v zxozmxon omfl r`g~ox# mcegb r`~l m ymxò~p ei e~lox Mv`mg focohxm~ègv ~lxeubleu~ ~lo pomx'I`~govv zxebxmdv mxo mcve mym`cmhco `g mcc fog~oxv ,`g Ogbc`vl mgn Vzmg`vl# mv rocc mv roccgovv$iefuvon gu~x`~èg onufm~èg# flxeg`f n`vomvo dmgmbodog~# mgn vuzzex~ bxeuzv'

Xovomxfl' M xovomxfl zxekof~ rmv ugnox~maog `g 8::6 m~ Cemyov ) I`vlov `g zmx~goxvl`zr`~l ~lo _g`yoxv`~p ei ô|mv ~e `nog~ìp hogoi`~v mgn hmxxòxv ~e zmx~`f`zm~èg `g Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv mgn rmpv ~e xomfl eu~ ~e xmf`mc%o~lg`f d`gex`~p ecnox zoxvegv ~e `gfxomvo zmx~`f`zm~èg' Voo Mzzogn`| M iex m vuddmxp ei zoxfo`yon hmxxòxv mgn xofeddognon eu~xomfl

v~xm~obòv'

Yecug~ooxv' Dmgp ei ~lo voxy`fov zxey`non hp Cemyov mgn I`vlov xocp eg yecug~ooxv ixed

huv`govvov# fluxflov# voxy`fo fcuhv# vfleecv# mgn `gn`y`numcv' @g mcc# 9#::: yecug~ooxv noc`yox domcv ~e gomxcp >#::: vogèxv omfl nmp' OF Fedzmgp ge~ egcp vzegvexv m fexzexm~o yecug~oox ~omd ~e noc`yoxp domcv ixed ego Fog~ox# hu~ zxey`nov bì~v iex vogèxv omfl pomx nux`gb ~lolec`nmp vomveg mgn lmv hoog `gv~xudog~mc `g fegv~xuf~`gb ~lo`x icem~ iex ~lo mggumc V~mxc`bl~Zmxmno' Yecug~ooxv ixed ~lo Zex~cmgn Nerg~erg Xe~mxp# Omv~ Zex~cmgn Xe~mxp# Zex~cmgn@gnuv~x`mc Xe~mxp mgn Mch`gm Xe~mxp xobucmxcp noc`yox Domcv$Eg$Rloocv iex voyoxmc fog~oxv# mvne m gudhox ei A`rmg`v Fcuhv# ~lo Gm~ègmc Flmx`~p Combuo# ~lo Do~xe Rov~ Redog‐v Bxeuz#mgn v~unog~v ixed cefmc vfleecv'

Iugn`gb' @g 8::># Cemyov ) I`vlov xm`von .8#6??#<?8 ~lxeubl vuffovviuc feddug`~p

iugnxm`v`gb oyog~v vufl mv ~lo ieccer`gb;

$ Domc$M$Bxmd' ^l`v `v Cemyov ) I`vlov‐ v`bgm~uxo oyog~ mgn `v fxom~on hp m buov~ floi'@gn`y`numcv fmg zuxflmvo m domc mgn lmyo `~ vog~ ~e mg `gn`y`numc ex `gn`y`numc,v'



6=

$ Zex~cmgn N`goeu~ ' Iex m .8#::: negm~èg# 9 gn`y`numcv fmg zuxflmvo m n`ggox m~ ego ei Zex~cmgn‐v i`gox xov~muxmg~v'

$ Ymcog~`go$M$Bxmd' Iex m feg~x`hu~èg ei .=0'0?# eg Ymcog~`go‐v nmp# ~re F`ggmhegf`ggmdeg xeccv# m zmfambo ei xomnp$~e$hxor Vom~~co‐v Hov~ Feiioo# exmgbo ku`fo# mgn mg

`gvucm~on ~xmyoc dub fmg ho exnoxon mgn noc`yoxon ~e vedoego'

$ Mggumc Cugfloeg' Lugnxonv ei Zex~cmgn huv`govv zoezco mgn zl`cmg~lxez`v~v bm~lox m~m xov~muxmg~ ~e lomx mheu~ rlm~ Cemyov ) I`vlov lmv mffedzc`vlon ~lxeubleu~ ~lo pomx mgnfeccof~ negm~ègv ~e locz iugn ~lo zxebxmd iex ~lo go|~ pomx'

$ Negm~o N`ggox' Fuv~edoxv rle vlez m~ vzofìòn dmxao~v `g Zex~cmgn ~lo rooa hoiexo^lmgavb`y`gb lmyo m flmgfo ~e –Negm~o N`ggox— ~e m ledoheugn zoxveg ex zoxvegv'Vlezzoxv fmg mnn m negm~èg ei .8'>: ~e ~lo`x zuxflmvo rlog ~lop hup bxefoxòv ~e zxey`noego domc iex m Domcv$Eg$Rloocv fcòg~'

Cemyov ) I`vlov rmv mhco ~e hu`cn m gor a`~flog r`~l ~lo locz ei fmzmf`~p$hu`cn`gb bxmg~vixed ~lo Kelg Bxmp Ieugnm~èg mgn ~lo D'K' Duxnefa Flmx`~mhco xuv~' @gfxomvon zxenuf~èg ogmhcon ~lo mbogfp ~e zxey`no mg mnn`~ègmc ?=#<:: domcv mggumccp'

Voyoxmc ieugnm~ègv zxey`non feg~x`hu~ègv ~e vuzzex~ ~lo Domcv$Eg$Rloocv zxebxmd#`gfcun`gb ~lo Dmphocco Fcmxa Dmfnegmcn Iugn# ~lo D'K' Duxnefa Flmx`~mhco ^xuv~# mgn ~loFecc`gv Ieugnm~èg'

@g mnn`~èg# ~lo ieccer`gb iugnxm`v`gb doflmg`vdv mxo mym`cmhco;

$ Zxov`nog~‐v Xeugn~mhco' ^l`v `v m dodhoxvl`z$hmvon dmkex bì~ fmdzm`bg ~lm~ ~maov

zcmfo omfl r`g~ox' @g 8::6# .62>#::: rmv xm`von hp 8=2 dodhoxv'

$ Vogèx ^xuv~oov F`xfco' Dodhoxvl`z `v hmvon eg zcmggon b`y`gb# `g rl`fl `gn`y`numcvxododhox Cemyov ) I`vlov `g ~lo`x r`cc ex ov~m~o'

$ H`b I`vl Fcuh' ^l`v `v m deg~lcp ocof~xeg`f negm~èg fcuh# rloxo dodhoxv gv~xuf~~lo`x i`gmgf`mc `gv~`~u~èg ~e ~xmgviox m zxono~oxd`gon bì~ oyoxp deg~l'

8::6

Xoyoguov

Beyoxgdog~ Vuzzex~ 69/Feddug`~p Vuzzex~ 60/Domc Vmcov </Vogèx Feg~x`hu~ègv 0/@gyov~dog~ Omxg`gbv 0/



68

O|zogvov

Gu~x`~èg <>/Iugn Xm`v`gb 0/Dmgmbodog~ ) Bogoxmc 2/

Ognerdog~ Iugn

8::> .6#8>?#?968::6 .8#0:8#2?88::8 .8#<0=#8=>8::= .6#:22#2<68::: .6#?:0#2>0

^lo og~`xo 8::6 Mggumc Xozex~ fmg ho yòron m~ l~~z;%%rrr'cemyovmgni`vlovegc`go'fed



66

Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z ,Rmvl`gb~eg

^lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z `v m femc`~èg ei >: ge~$iex$zxei`~# beyoxgdog~ mgn feddug`~pexbmg`{m~ègv non`fm~on ~e locz`gb ecnox mnuc~v c`yo cegbox# lomc~lòx c`yov' @~v d`vvèg `v ~e zxede~o lomc~lp mb`gb ~lxeubl feddug`~p zmx~goxvl`zv' @~v y`vèg `v m vuzzex~`yo feddug`~p ~lm~

zxey`nov `giexdm~èg mgn xoveuxfov mgn iev~oxv lomc~lp fle`fov iex mcc zoezco mv ~lop mbo'

Hp zxey`n`gb m iexud iex feccmhexm~èg mdegb zmx~gox mbogfòv `g A`gb# A`~vmz# Zòxfo mgnVgeled`vl feug~òv# LMZ loczv exbmg`{m~ègv ho~~ox doo~ ~lo`x d`vvègv ei voxy`gb ecnox mnuc~vmgn fmxob`yoxv' Mcegb r`~l eiiox`gb ezzex~ug`~òv iex `dzxeyon feddug`fm~èg mgn feexn`gm~ègei voxy`fov# ke`g~ zxekof~v ‖ vufl mv ~lo Veugn V~ozv rmca`gb zxebxmd ‖ dmao oiiof~`yo uvo ei zmx~goxv‐ `gv`bl~v# ~mcog~v mgn xoveuxfov'

^lxeubl `~v Vogèx @giexdm~èg Fmdzm`bg# LMZ zxede~ov =$<<<$>OCNOXV mv m ~ecc$ixoo#fegi`nog~`mc xoveuxfo iex `giexdm~èg mgn mvv`v~mgfo ~e vogèxv mgn ~lo`x fmxob`yoxv' =$<<<$>OCNOXV zxey`nov m romc~l ei xoveuxfov mheu~ y`x~umccp oyoxp `vvuo xocm~on ~e cìo mv mg ecnox

mnuc~' Hp zuhc`f`{`gb lomc~l dovvmbov eg ~ez`fv vufl mv gu~x`~èg# zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p# `ddug`{m~ègvmgn nozxovvèg zxoyog~èg# LMZ loczv ogvuxo vmiox mgn dexo mf~`yo c`yov iex vogèxv' Mgn ~lxeublrrr'>ocnoxv'exb # LMZ eiioxv no~m`con egc`go xoveuxfov mgn c`gav iex ecnox mnuc~v mgn ~lo zoezcorle fmxo iex ~lod'

Iugn`gb' Iugn`gb iex ~lo LMZ `v zxey`non ~lxeubl ~re dm`g veuxfov;Feg~x`hu~`gb Zmx~goxv mgn

Feddug`~p Zmx~goxv'

Feg~x`hu~`gb Zmx~goxv mxo exbmg`{m~ègv ~lm~ doo~ ~lo vmdo mf~`yo fedd`~dog~v mv feddug`~p zmx~goxv mgn mcve feg~x`hu~o m~ comv~ .8#?:: zox pomx `g fmvl ex `g$a`gn voxy`fov ~e mvv`v~ ~lo Zmx~goxvl`g `~v oiiex~v'

Feddug`~p Zmx~goxv mxo exbmg`{m~ègv ~lm~ dmao m feg~x`hu~èg ei covv ~lmg .8#?:: ex rle zxey`noge i`gmgf`mc vuzzex~ ~e LMZ1 leroyox# ~lop n`v~x`hu~o LMZ dm~ox`mcv# xofo`yo mgn xovzegn ~e xobucmx

feddug`$ fm~ègv# mgn m~~ogn m~ comv~ ~re deg~lcp LMZ doo~`gbv omfl pomx '

8::? Feg~x`hu~`gb Zmx~goxv

MMXZMb`gb ) N`vmh`c`~p Voxy`fov# Vom~~co Ludmg Voxy`fov Noz~'Fedzxologv`yo Lomc~l Onufm~èg Ieugnm~èg

Lmxhexyòr Don`fmc Fog~ox A`gb Feug~p O|ofu~`yo‐v Eii`foZuhc`f Lomc~l Vom~~co ) A`gb Feug~pVogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p_g`~on Rmp ei A`gb Feug~p_g`yoxv`~p ei Rmvl`gb~egLomc~l Zxede~èg Xovomxfl Fog~ox Y`v`~`gb Guxvo Voxy`fov ei ~lo Gex~lrov~



6>

8::? Feddug`~p Zmx~goxvMix`fmg$Mdox`fmg Ocnoxv Zxekof~Mb`gb Zxebxmd# A`gb Feug~p Nozmx~dog~

ei Feddug`~p ) Ludmg XoveuxfovMc{lo`dox‐v Mvvg' ei Rov~oxg ) Fog~xmc Rm'

Mv`mg Feugvoc`gb mgn Xoioxxmc Voxy`foFl`govo @giexdm~èg ) Voxy`fo Fog~ox OcnoxLomc~l Gex~lrov~Oyoxbxoog Lomc~lfmxoBxeuz Lomc~l Feezoxm~`yoA`gb Feug~p Leuv`gb Mu~lex`~pA`gb Feug~p Dog~mc Lomc~l# Flod`fmc Mhuvo )

Nozognogfp Voxy`fovA`~vmz Feug~p N`y' ei Mb`gb ) Cegb$ôxd Fmxo Go`blhexleen Leuvo Gàao` Fegfoxgv

Gex~lRov~ Ex~lezmon`f @gv~`~u~oZòxfo Feug~p Mb`gb ) N`vmh`c`~p Voxy`fovXm`gher ^xm`gXVYZ ,Xo~`xon Vogèx Yecug~oox ZxebxmdVOM$DMX%Cm~`ge Vogèx @giexdm~èg ) Mvv`v~mgfoVom~~co Leuv`gb Mu~lex`~pVom~~co Dmpex‐v Eii`fo iex Vogèx F`~`{ogvVom~~co Zmxav mgn Xofxom~ègVogèx Fmxo# Eyoxcmao Don`fmc Fog~ox Vgeled`vl Feug~p Cegb$ôxd Fmxo ) Mb`gb_g`y ei Rmvl`gb~eg Gex~lrov~ Box`m~x`f Onufm~èg Fog~ox _g`y ei Rmvl`gb~eg V~xeao Zxoyog~èg Fog~ox m~ LmxhexyòrRmvl`gb~eg Nog~mc Voxy`fo Ieugnm~ègRmvl`gb~eg V~m~o M~~exgop Bogoxmc‐v Eii`fo#Fegvudox Zxe~of~èg N`y`vègRmvl`gb~eg V~m~o Nozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l#Eii`fo ei Lomc~l Zxede~ègRmvl`gb~eg V~m~o Noz~' ei Voxy`fov iex ~lo Hc`gn

V`gfo Kugo 8:::# rlog LMZ‐v vogèx `giexdm~èg fmdzm`bg rmvcmugflon# ~lo Zmx~goxvl`z lmv mflòyon ~lo ieccer`gb;

• Fegnuf~on deg~lcp doo~`gbv ~e imf`c`~m~o feezoxm~èg mgn nomo|flmgbov mdegb exbmg`{m~ègv non`fm~on ~e voxy`gb ~lo goonv ei ecnox mnuc~v mgn fmxob`yoxv `g ~lo Zubo~ Veugn mxom'

• Fegyogon m Iexud `g Voz~odhox 8::> eg `vvuov miiof~`gb Zubo~Veugn‐v ecnox mnuc~v# hx`gb`gb ~ebo~lox LMZ zmx~gox mbogfòv# zuhc`f eii`f`mcv mgn o|zox~v eg mb`gb ~e flmx~ LMZ‐v iu~uxo feuxvo'



6?

• Fegnuf~on mg egbe`gb `giexdm~èg fmdzm`bg eg gu~x`~èg' LMZ vzegvexon ~re gu~x`~ègvod`gmxv iex cer$`gfedo vogèxv `g Dmp mgn Voz~odhox 8::># mgn m rexavlez iex vogèx$fmxo zxmf~`~ègoxv eg Gey' ?# 8::6' @g Kmgumxp ei he~l pomxv# xmnè mnv eiioxon ~`zv eg been gu~x`~èg mgnieen v~mdzv1 fuc~uxmccp$mzzxezx`m~o xmnè mnv `g Vzmg`vl roxo hxemnfmv~ `g Ef~ehox 8::>' LMZ icpoxvr`~l gu~x`~èg `giexdm~èg roxo `gvox~on `g~e zxezox~p ~m| v~m~odog~v dm`con ~e 8<:#::: A`gb Feug~p

leuvolecnv `g Iohxumxp 8::6'

• @g feezoxm~èg r`~l Vom~~co Zmxav mgn Xofxom~èg# MMXZ mgn _R Lomc~l Zxede~èg XovomxflFog~ox# `g`~`m~on Veugn V~ozv# m vuddox zxebxmd ~e ogfeuxmbo vogèxv ~e rmca iex zlpv`fmc i`~govv'Dexo ~lmg ?:: rmcaoxv zmx~`f`zm~on `g ~lo 8::6 zxebxmd# rl`fl o|zmgnon ~e =? v`~ov `g 8::>' LMZvofuxon m .8?#::: bxmg~ ~e locz iugn Veugn V~ozv eyox ~re pomxv'

• Fegnuf~on ~lxoo rexavlezv eg nozxovvèg# zlpv`fmc mf~`y ~p mgn vuhv~mgfo mhuvo' loFedzxologv`yo Lomc~l Onufm~èg Ieugnm~èg ‖ ego ei LMZ‐v ex`b`gmc mgn dev~ mf~`yo zmx~gox mbogfòv ‖ ~eea ~lo comn `g exbmg`{`gb# v~mii`gb mgn iugn`gb ~lovo rexavlezv' Dexo ~lmg 8?: zoezcoixed mfxevv ~lo v~m~o ‖ vogèx fog~ox v~mii# lomc~l zxeiovvègmcv# zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p n`xof~exv mgn e~loxv

comxgon mheu~ fu~~`gb$onbo xovomxfl mgn bm`gon zxmf~`fmc va`ccv `g zxovog~m~ègv hp gm~ègmccpxofebg`{on o|zox~v'

• V`bgì`fmg~cp `gfxomvon fmccv ~e =$<<<$>OCNOXV# ~lo ~ecc$ixoo# fegi`nog~`mc `giexdm~èg mgnmvv`v~mgfo c`go zxede~on hp LMZ mgn ezoxm~on hp Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co% A`gb Feug~p' Gomxcp8>#::: fmccv lmyo hoog cebbon v`gfo ~lo gudhox‐v `gfoz~èg'

• Fxom~on mgn dm`g~m`gon m LMZ roh v`~o m~ rrr'>ocnoxv'exb # bogoxm~`gb dexo ~lmg =<?#::: l`~`g ~lxoo pomxv'

• @gfxomvon ~lo gudhox ei LMZ zmx~gox mbogfòv ixed 88 `g 8::: ~e 60 g 8::>'

• Zxenufon ieux 9:$vofegn xmnè mnv zxede~`gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV# zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p# nozxovvèg zxoyog~èg mgn gu~x`~èg' ^lo mnv lmyo m`xon `g ~re$rooa vobdog~v eg xmnè v~m~ègv `gfcun`gb A@\@#AY@# A@GB# AEDE mgn AFDV m~ comv~ ~r`fo m pomx v`gfo 8::=' Vzmg`vl$cmgbumbo mnv m`xon `g cm~o8::>'

• Zuhc`vlon dexo ~lmg =2? gorv mx~`fcov g feddug`~p gorvzmzoxv mgn vogèx zuhc`fm~ègv mfxev~lo Zubo~ Veugn xobèg eg ~ez`fv vufl mv gu~x`~èg# imcc zxoyog~èg# `ddug`{m~ègv# zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p#ledo fmxo# vuzzex~ bxeuzv# nog~mc lomc~l# v~xeaov# lpze~loxd`m# mgn nomc`gb r`~l ~lo nom~l ei m vzeuv

• Zxenufon mgn n`v~x`hu~on ~e vogèxv ixoo ei flmxbo 8:#::: xoix`boxm~ex dmbgo~v# =>#::: ge~ozmn

=#::: bxefoxp feuzeg$lecnoxv# ?:: zm`xv ei ze~lecnoxv# 8#::: rmcco~v# =#8:: rm~ox$he~~co lecnoxv mgn6#?:: lmgn o|oxf`vo v}uoo{o$hmccv zxede~`gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV'

• @gfcunon icpoxv zxede~`gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV mgn imcc zxoyog~èg# zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p mgn gu~x ~èg~`zv `g zxezox~p ~m| v~m~odog~v vog~ ~e 8<:#::: A`gb Feug~p leuvolecnv `g 8::=# 8::8# 8::6 mgn 8::



69

• @gfcunon icpoxv zxede~ gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV# zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p mgn Veugn V~ozv `g Ymc$Zma mnyox~`v`gb dm`coxv' ^lo `giexdm~èg xomflon dexo ~lmg = d`ccèg leuvolecnv `g A`gb# Vgeled`vl mgZòxfo feug~òv'

• N`v~x`hu~on vedo =>:#::: hxefluxov zxede~`gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV `g Ogbc`vl# Vzmg`vl mgn i`yo

Mv`mg cmgbumbov'

• Zmx~goxon r`~l ~lo Rmvl`gb~eg V~m~o Nozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l ~e zx`g~ mgn n`v~x`hu~o hxefluxov eg zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p iex vogèxv ~e dexo ~lmg >8:#::: leuvolecnv `g A`gb# A`~vmz# Zòxfo mgn Vgeled`vlfeug~òv'

• Zuhc`vlon }umx~ox$zmbo gorvzmzox mnv zxede~`gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV g >: feddug`~p mgn vogègorvzmzoxv `g ~lo ieux feug~òv `g ~lo vuddoxv ei 8::= mgn 8::8'

• Zxenufon mgn n`vzcmpon `g~oxèx huv mnv zxede~`gb =$<<<$>OCNOXV `g 2?/ ei Do~xe huv xeu~feyox`gb A`gb# Zòxfo mgn Vgeled`vl feug~òv ixed Geyodhox 8::: ~lxeubl Kmgumxp 8::='

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z `v mym`cmhco m~l~~z;%%rrr'>ocnoxv'exb%LMZ'l~d



62

Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p ,Rmvl`gb~eg

Mv zmx~ ei ~lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z# ~lo Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p zxey`nov mgo|foccog~ o|mdzco ei feexn`gm~on mgn vuv~m`gmhco zxebxmdd`gb' ^lo Rmvl`gb~eg V~m~o Imxdox‐vDmxao~ mgn ~lo fedzxologv`yo ~xmgvzex~m~èg vpv~od# `gfcun`gb Deh`co Dmxao~ roxo n`vfuvvon

omxcòx ,Xonuf~èg ei Hmxxòxv# zz' 9$2' Mnn`~ègmc zxebxmdv mgn zxekof~v mxo n`vfuvvon hocer'

Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p lmv ~maog mg `ggeym~`yo mzzxemfl ~lm~ fedh`gov m zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p zxebxmd r`~l gu~x`~èg voxy`fov `g o~lg`f feddug`~òv ~lm~ lmv ogmhcon mn`yoxvo zezucm~èg ei ecnox mnuc~v ~e xodm`g zlpv`fmccp mf~`yo mgn feggof~on ~e e~loxv' Hpeiiox`gb ~lo Cìo~`do I`~govv Zxebxmd ,CIZ m~ <= o~lg`f domc v`~ov# Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p xomflov m cmxbox mgn dexo n`yoxvo bxeuz ei vogèxv r`~l m lomc~lp cìov~pcodovvmbo' Iux~loxdexo# ~lo xocm~ègvl`zv ~lop lmyo hu`c~ r`~l ~lo cefmc Mxom Mbogfp eg Mb`gbmgn ~lo _g`yoxv`~p ei Rmvl`gb~eg r`cc ogvuxo ~lm~ ~lo zxebxmd `v vuv~m`gon'

^lo Cìo~`do I`~govv Zxebxmd `v mg oy`nogfo$hmvon o|oxf`vo zxebxmd zxey`n`gb cer$fev~# ego$

leux vuzoxy`von fcmvvov ~lxoo ~`dov zox rooa' @g 8::># dexo ~lmg 6:: ecnox mnuc~v zmx~`f`zm~on `go~lg`f domc v`~ov `g Cm~`ge# Aexomg# Yò~gmdovo# I`c`z`ge# Mix`fmg$Mdox`fmg# Mv`mg# Gm~`yoMdox`fmg# Ldegb% Cme~`mg# mgn Vedmc`mg feddug`~òv'

^lxeubl zmx~`f`zm~èg `g CIZ# zmx~`f`zmg~v mflòyon v~m~`v~`fmccp v`bgì`fmg~ `dzxeyodog~ eg mymxò~p ei zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p domvuxov' Iux~loxdexo# zmx~`f`zmg~v roxo ve vm~`viòn r`~l ~lofedh`gon gu~x`~èg mgn zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p zxebxmd ~lm~ mnd`g`v~xm~exv ieugn xoveuxfov ~e feg~`guo~lo zxebxmd mi~ox bxmg~ iugn`gb ognon'

^lo aop zmx~goxv `g ~l`v feccmhexm~èg roxo ~lo Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p# rledmgmbo ~lo zxebxmd1 ~lo Mb`gb mgn N`vmh`c`~p Voxy`fov Mnd`g`v~xm~èg ,~lo cefmc MMM# rle

zxey`no ~lo iugn`gb1 Bxeuz Lomc~l Feezoxm~`yo ei Zubo~ Veugn# rle zxey`nov CIZ mv m hogoi`~iex Don`fmxo ogxeccoov1 mgn ~lo _g`yoxv`~p ei Rmvl`gb~eg Lomc~l Zxede~èg Xovomxfl Fog~ox#rle mvv`v~v Vogèx Voxy`fov `g ~lo oymcum~èg ei ~lo zxebxmd mgn n`vvod`gm~èg ~e o~lg`ffeddug`~òv' Vedo zxebxmd dm~ox`mcv lmyo hoog ~xmgvcm~on `g~e ~lxoo cmgbumbov'

Hp rexa`gb r`~l e~lox exbmg`{m~ègv voxy`gb o~lg`f feddug`~òv mgn ~lo feddug`~p `~voci#Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p no~oxd`gon ler ~e `dzcodog~ ~lo CIZ `g omflfeddug`~p' ^lo CIZ zxebxmd `v `g~oxmf~`yo mgn fmg omv`cp ho mnmz~on ~e doo~ ~lo goonv ei ~lo zmx~`f`zmg~v' ^lo zxebxmd fmg ho zxey`non `g zcmfov ecnox mnuc~v ixo}uog~# vufl mv feddug`~pfog~oxv ~lm~ mxo fcevo ~e rloxo ~lop c`yo' @~ lmv hoog xozc`fm~on eg m Gm~`yo Mdox`fmg xovoxym~ègmv rocc mv m~ m Cm~`ge v`~o `g fog~xmc Rmvl`gb~eg' ê ogvuxo ~lo egbe`gb zmx~goxvl`z ho~roog

zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p mgn gu~x`~èg# CIZ `gv~xuf~exv m~~ogn mggumc gu~x`~èg onufm~èg rexavlezv'Fegbxobm~o domc v`~ov mcve zxey`no onufm~ègmc dm~ox`mcv eg ~lo `dzex~mgfo ei zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p'

^lo Cìo~`do I`~govv Zxebxmd `v zmx~ ei ~lo Vogèx Roccgovv Zxekof~# m xovomxfl$hmvon lomc~l zxede~èg mgn n`vomvo dmgmbodog~ zxebxmd' ^lo zxekof~ fegv`v~v ei voyoxmc lomc~l zxede~èg zxebxmdv' ^lo Vogèx Roccgovv Zxekof~ lmv xofo`yon ~re gm~ègmc mrmxnv; ~lo Mdox`fmgZuhc`f Lomc~l Mvvef`m~èg =000 Mxflv~ego Mrmxn iex O|foccogfo `g Zxebxmd @ggeym~èg# mgn~lo Gm~ègmc @gv~`~u~o ei Vogèx Fog~oxv‐ 8::: Xovomxfl Mrmxn'



6<

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg eg ~lo Vogèx Roccgovv Zxekof~ `v mym`cmhco m~;rrr'vogèxvoxy`fov'exb%roccgovv%roccgovv'l~d $

^lo BECN Fmxn Zxebxmd

@g ~lo Vzx`gb ei 8:::# ~lo V~m~o Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~ Voxy`fov Mnd`g`v~xm~èg zxey`non iugn`gb ~eMb`gb mgn N`vmh`c`~p Voxy`fov ,MNV `g A`gb Feug~p ~e z`ce~ m feug~p r`no fedzu~ox`{onxob`v~xm~èg ei zmx~`f`zmg~v g gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv' Lomc~lp Mb`gb Zmx~goxvl`z ke`gon MNV ~eo|zmgn ~lo xeco ei ~lo fmxn'

$ Mcc domc zxebxmd zmx~ f`zmg~v m~ ~lo zmx~`f`zm~`gb domc v`~ov xofo`yo m BECN fmxn'$ Zmx~`f`zmg~v zxovog~ ~lo`x fmxn rlog ~lop m~~ogn m domc zxebxmd ex mf~`y`~p'$ M yecug~oox ex v~mii dodhox vfmgv ~lo fmxn uv`gb m lmgn locn noy`fo v`d`cmx ~e m

zmcd z`ce~'$ V~mii m~ ~lo gu~x`~èg v`~o uzcemn domc nm~m ~e ~lo MNV Gu~x`~èg Roh Vpv~od'

^lo BECN fmxn zxey`nov voyoxmc hogoi`~v ~e fmxn lecnoxv# `gfcun`gb;

$ N`vfeug~v iex vogèxv m~ vocof~ huv`govvov ~lxeubleu~ A`gb Feug~p'$ ^lo fmxn voxyov mv m F`~p ei Vom~~co C`hxmxp fmxn' BECN fmxn lecnoxv dmp uvo ~lo

fmxn ~e flofa eu~ dm~ox`mcv ixed mgp Vom~~co Zuhc`f C`hxmxp hxmgfl'$ M ~ecc$ixoo gudhox eg ~lo fmxn r`cc feggof~ zmx~`f`zmg~v ~e `giexdm~èg eg voxy`fov

mgn zxebxmdv iex ecnox mnuc~v `g A`gb Feug~p'

M xozc`fm~èg dmgumc iex ~lo Becn Fmxn Vfmggox Zxekof~ lmv hoog fxom~on mgn fmg ho nergcemnonm~ ~lo ieccer`gb v`~o;l~~z;%%rrr'f`~peivom~~co'go~%ludmgvoxy`fov%mb`gb%ôflgecebp%BecnFmxn%BecnFmxn'l~d

Mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ Vogèx Voxy`fov ei Vom~~co%A`gb Feug~p `v mym`cmhco m~;rrr'vogèxvoxy`fov'exb%gu~x`~èg%gu~x`~èg'mvz



60

^lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m

^lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m `v m ug`}uo mgn `ggeym~`yo feccmhexm~`yorlevo d`vvèg `v lomc~l zxede~èg mgn n`vomvo zxoyog~èg iex mcc ecnox mnuc~v r`~l`gugnoxvoxyon# o~lg`f feddug`~òv ei ~lo Vmfxmdog~e xobèg' ^lo Femc`~èg `v fedzx`von ei eyox

9: xozxovog~m~`yov ixed fuc~uxmccp vzofì`f feddug`~p hmvon exbmg`{m~ègv rle mxo vogv`~`yo ~e~lo ug`}uo fuc~uxmc ymcuov mgn goonv ei ecnox mnuc~v r`~l`g vzofì`f o~lg`f feddug`~òv' ^loLomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~ègv zevvovv ~lo `gixmv~xuf~uxo# o|zox~`vo mgn agerconbo ~e zxey`no mffovv~e ixoo lomc~l flofav mgn feddug`~p `giexdm~èg xoveuxfov ~lxeubl `~v Lomc~lp Mb`gb Vudd`~v'

Nux`gb 8::8$8::6# ^lo _F Nmy`v Fog~ox iex Lomc~lp Mb`gb `g feccmhexm~èg r`~l ~lo Lomc~lp Mb`gbFemc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m vzomxlomnon# zcmggon mgn `dzcodog~on ? cmxbo `ggeym~`yo Lomc~lpMb`gb Vudd`~v fmccon (Legex`gb eux Ocnoxv# Fmx`gb iex eux Feddug`~òv(' ^lovo vzofì`f duc~`$fuc~uxmccp iefuvon denoc zxebxmdv voxyon ~lo lomc~l# vfxoog`gb# feddug`~p `giexdm~èg mgn mffovvgoonv ei voyog ugnoxvoxyon feddug`~òv mgn eyox =:#::: xov`nog~v ei ~lo Bxom~ox Vmfxmdog~e Mxom#rl`fl `gfcunon; Mix`fmg Mdox`fmg# L`vzmg`f%Cm~`ge# Ldegb# Dòg# Cme mgn Aexomg' ^lo zcmgg`gb

eyoxv`bl~ fedd`~~oov iex omfl Vudd`~# `gfcunon mzzxe|`dm~ocp 6:$>: feddug`~p hmvonexbmg`{m~èg xozxovog~m~`yov mgn beyoxgdog~mc mbogfòv rle roxo `gv~xudog~mc `g ~lo zxebxmdnoyocezdog~# `dzcodog~m~èg mgn zxede~èg ei ~lo oyog~' ^lovo (denoc zxebxmdv( Lomc~lp Mb`gbVudd`~v roxo xofebg`{on hp ~lo Mdox`fmg Vefò~p eg Mb`gb r`~l m gm~ègmc mrmxn iex `ggeym~ègmgn }umc`~p `g lomc~l fmxo mgn voxy`gb ~lo goonv ei o~lg`f feddug`~òv'

^lo bemc ei ~lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Vudd`~v iex O~lg`f Feddug`~òv `v ~e dmao zxoyog~`yo lomc~l fmxoomv`cp mffovv`hco ~e ecnox mnuc~v `g ugnoxvoxyon feddug`~òv# rl`co v`duc~mgoeuvcp onufm~`gb ecnox mnuc~v mheu~ mnn`~ègmc xoveuxfov `g ~lo`x feddug`~òv# `gfcun`gb gu~x`~èg zxebxmdv' ^lo Lomc~lpMb`gb Vudd`~v mxo `ggeym~`yo mv ~lop eyoxfedo ~lo fuc~uxmc# c`gbu`v~`f mgn mffovv hmxxòxv imfon hp ugnoxvoxyon feddug`~òv hp zxey`n`gb ixoo lomc~l vfxoog`gbv noc`yoxon hp fuc~uxmccp n`yoxvo

zxeiovvègmcv mgn `g~oxzxo~oxv ixed ~lo don`fmc feddug`~p' Mcve `gfcunon `g ~lo Vudd`~v mxoonufm~èg zxebxmdv feyox`gb m ymxò~p ei vuhkof~v xocoymg~ ~e lomc~lp mb`gb# `gfcun`gb gu~x`~ègonufm~èg' ^lo Vudd`~v zxey`no m (ego v~ez$vlezz`gb fog~ox# fegvudox ixògncp mzzxemfl ~evoxy`gb ~lo voci$fmxo zxoyog~`yo lomc~l fmxo goonv mgn onufm~ègmc `g~oxov~v ei ~lo ugnoxvoxyono~lg`f feddug`~òv' Mcve# ~lovo oyog~v imf`c`~m~o mgn hu`cn agerconbo ei fxevv$fuc~uxmc comxg`gb hp zxey`n`gb feddug`~p eu~xomfl ezzex~ug`~òv iex zlpv`f`mgv# lomc~l fmxo zxey`noxv# guxvov mgnmccòn lomc~l fmxo zxeiovvègmcv m~ ~lo Vudd`~v mv ~lop voxyo fuc~uxmccp vzofì`f lomc~lfmxo goonv ei ~lo ecnox mnuc~v `g ugnoxvoxyon feddug`~òv'

^lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Vudd`~v mxo ger ho`gb yòron mv m denoc hcuozx`g~ iex e~lox feddug`~òv $o~lg`f# n`vmhcon# bognox vzofì`f o~f' ^lo denoc `v l`blcp mnmz~mhco ~e ~lovo feddug`~òv v`gfo m

vo~ ei (~odzcm~ov( lmyo hoog fxom~on ~lm~ b`yo e~lox cefmc lomc~l fmxo zxey`noxv mgn feddug`~pexbmg`{m~ègv ~eecv nov`bgon ~e vzofì`fmccp ~mxbo~ gor zezucm~ègv'

Dodhoxv ei ~lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m `gfcuno ~lo ieux cefmc lomc~lvpv~odv „ Am`vox Zoxdmgog~o# Vu~~ox Lomc~l# Fm~lec`f Lomc~lfmxo Rov~ mgn cefmc DoxfpLevz`~mcv# mgn ~lo _F Nmy`v Lomc~l Vpv~od1 ~lo Fmcìexg`m V~m~o Nozmx~dog~ ei Mb`gb1 MMXZ1Lmnmvvml1 Fmcìexg`m V~m~o _g`yoxv`~p# Vmfxmdog~e# Boxeg~ecebp Nozmx~dog~1 mgn dmgp e~lox beyoxgdog~ mgn geg$zxei`~ og~`~òv'



>:

Exbmg`{m~ègv `gyecyon `g zcmgg`gb ~lo duc~`$fuc~uxmc vudd`~v `gfcunon; Redog"v F`y`f@dzxeyodog~ Fcuh# Eii`fo ei Feugf`c Dodhox Heggò Zmggocc# MMXZ# Mdox`fmg V~xeaoMvvef`m~èg# Fmcìexg`m V~m~o Eii`fo ei Duc~`fuc~uxmc Lomc~l# Hcuo Fxevv# Noc Exe Fmxob`yoxvXoveuxfo Fog~ox# ZlXDM# mgn Vmfxmdog~e Feug~p Mnuc~ mgn Mb`gb Fedd`vvèg' E~lox exbmg`{m~ègv `gyecyon `g ~lo vudd`~v `gfcunon; Mxom > Mbogfp eg Mb`gb# Xmnè ^x`fecex%Xmnè

Xedmg~`fm# Dmg`~ev# VMCVM# Pece Feug~p Xoveuxfov iex Vzmg`vl Vzoma`gb Vogèxv# Fmcìexg`mLomc~lfmxo @g~oxzxo~oxv# Mv`mg Xoveuxfov @gf'# Fmc O|ze# FMZ@^MC# F`~p ei Vmfxmdog~e# LdegbRedog"v Lox`~mbo Mvvef`m~èg @gf'# @g~obxm~on @dd`bxmg~ Vogèx Voxy`fov Zxebxmd# AexomgMdox`fmg Feddug`~p Mvvef`m~èg# Codeg L`cc F`xfco Zxebxmd# Vmfxmdog~e Cme Imd`cpFeddug`~p @gf'# Veu~lomv~ Mv`mg Mvv`v~mgfo Fog~ox# _g`~on cu$Dòg Feddug`~p @gf' mgn dmgpe~lox exbmg`{m~ègv'

Iex mnn`~ègmc `giexdm~èg mheu~ ~lo Lomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m# feg~mf~;

Covcò M VmgnhoxbLomc~lp Mb`gb Femc`~èg ei Gex~loxg Fmcìexg`m

>98? 8gn Myoguo# Vu`~o 8::6Vmfxmdog~e# FM 0?<=2 ,0=9'26>':2?6covcò'vmgnhoxbJufndf'ufnmy`v'onu



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Nocmrmxo N`y`vèg ei Voxy`fov iex Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~v r`~l Zlpv`fmc N`vmh`c`~òv

D`ccoggùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv

^lo Mb`gb V~m~ov Zxekof~; Zxede~`gb Ezzex~ug`~òv iex Feccmhexm~èg ho~roog ~lo Zuhc`f Lomc~l

mgn Mb`gb Voxy`fov Go~rexav rmv noyocezon ~e locz hx`nbo ~lo bmz ho~roog zuhc`f lomc~l mgn

mb`gb voxy`fov go~rexav' @~v bemc rmv ~e hx`gb ~ebo~lox ~lo v~xogb~lv mgn o|zox~`vo ei v~m~o zuhc`f lomc~l mgn mb`gb go~rexav ~e ho~~ox doo~ ~lo`x vlmxon xovzegv`h`c`~p iex ogvux`gb ez~`dmc lomc~liex ~lo gm~èg‐v ecnox xov`nog~v' @g`~`m~on `g vzx`gb 8::=# ~lo Mb`gb V~m~ov Zxekof~ rmv mfeccmhexm~`yo oiiex~ ei ~lo Mvvef`m~èg ei V~m~o mgn ôxx`~ex`mc Flxeg`f N`vomvo ZxebxmdN`xof~exv ,FNN# mgn ~lo Gm~ègmc Mvvef`m~èg ei V~m~o _g`~v eg Mb`gb ,GMV_M# r`~l vuzzex~ixed ~lo Fog~oxv iex N`vomvo Feg~xec mgn Zxoyog~èg ,FNF mgn ~lo Mnd`g`v~xm~èg eg Mb`gb,MeM'

^lo D`ccogùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv lmv hoog xofebg`{on mv m denoc zxebxmd ei ^lo Mb`gb V~m~ovZxekof~

Zxekof~ Novfx`z~èg

^lo D`ccoggùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv `v m fedzxologv`yo roccgovv `g`~`m~`yo iex ecnox mnuc~v hobug`g =000 hp ~lo N`y`vèg ei Voxy`fov iex Mb`gb mgn Mnuc~v r`~l Zlpv`fmc N`vmh`c`~òv' @gnoyocez`gb ~lo zxekof~ mv m vzofì`f lomc~l zxede~èg oiiex~ iex ecnox mnuc~v# ~lo N`y`vèg ~eea `~vbu`nmgfo ixed ~lo gm~ègmc Lomc~lp Zoezco 8:=: mgn Lomc~lp Nocmrmxo 8:=: zcmgv' ^lo dmkex ehkof~`yov ei ~lo D`ccoggùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv mxo ~e ogfeuxmbo ecnox mnuc~v ~e `gfxomvo zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p# ~e `gfxomvo ~lo`x fegvudz~èg ei ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov# mgn ~e mnez~ lomc~l$vuv~m`g`gb holmyèxv mgn cìov~pcov' @~v dmkex fedzegog~v mxo novfx`hon hocer'

=' Rmca Nocmrmxo zxede~ov zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p hp flmccogb`gb ecnox mnuc~v ~e rmca ~lo o}u`ymcog~ei ~lo cogb~l ,09 d`cov ex r`n~l ,6? d`cov ei Nocmrmxo nux`gb ego pomx'

‖ @g Rmca Nocmrmxo‐v `g`~`mc v~mbov# ~lo N`y`vèg vzegvexon m a`fa$eii oyog~ iex exbmg`{m~ègv `g ~lo v~m~o‐v mb`gb go~rexa ~e noyocez mg mny`vexp feugf`c mgn vooa zmx~goxv `giexd`gb cefmc rmca`gb bxeuzv mgn zxede~`gb ~lo zxebxmd' ^l`v rmv m fx`~`fmc mgn vuffovviuceu~xomfl oiiex~ ~lm~ con ~e duc~`zco zmx~goxvl`zv ~lm~ lmyo feg~x`hu~on ~e ~lo bxer~l mgn vuffovvei ~lo zxekof~' ^lo N`y`vèg ~log aoz~ `g ~eufl r`~l `~v zmx~goxv ~lxeubl deg~lcpfexxovzegnogfo mv ~lo D`ccoggùd Dmxfl noyocezon'

‖ ^lo Nocmrmxo Vogèx Ecpdz`fv mnez~on Rmca Nocmrmxo mv ~lo`x dmkex geg$fedzo~`~`yooiiex~ ~e zxede~o zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p' ^lo Vogèx Ecpdz`fv xofog~cp mzzcòn iex mgn xofo`yon mLomc~lp Nocmrmxo 8:=: d`g`$bxmg~ ixed ~lo V~m~o Lomc~l Nozmx~dog~ ~e feg~`guo `~vnoyocezdog~ ei rmca`gb bxeuzv'

‖ Dmgp mnn`~ègmc zmx~goxv# `gfcun`gb cefmc vogèx fog~oxv# mcve zxede~o ~lo zxebxmd mgnlmyo noyocezon rmca`gb bxeuzv' ^lo N`y`vèg zxey`nov ~xm`g`gb ~e feddug`~p zmx~goxv'



>8

‖ ^lo N`y`vèg noyocezon mgn n`v~x`hu~on m ixoo Rmca`gb Cebheea iex zmx~`f`zmg~v ~e uvo~e xofexn ~lo`x zxebxovv' Zmx~`f`zmg~v mxo mvaon ~e fedzco~o m xob`v~xm~èg iexd r`~l hmv`fnodebxmzl`f nm~m zxèx ~e xofo`y`gb m cebheea'

‖ ^lo N`y`vèg noyocezon I`xv~ V~m~o I`~govv Fox~ì`fm~ov# rl`fl mxo mrmxnon ~e oyoxpego

rle vognv `g m fedzco~on cebheea nefudog~`gb ~lo`x mflòyodog~ `g rmca`gb ~lo zxovfx`honn`v~mgfo' @g 8:::# dexo ~lmg ?:: `gn`y`numcv xob`v~oxon iex Rmca Nocmrmxo mgn mzzxe|`dm~ocp6:: fox~ì`fm~ov roxo mrmxnon' Vedo zmx~`f`zmg~v `g ~lo`x <:v mgn 0:v lmyo vog~ `g rmca`gb cebv~e xofo`yo fox~ì`fm~ov iex ~lo zmv~ ~lxoo pomxv' Dmgp zoezco vogn `g cebv ~lm~ xofexn rmca`gblugnxonv ei d`cov omfl pomx'

8' ? m Nmp iex Ho~~ox Lomc~l `v ~lo N`y`vèg‐v oiiex~ ~e `dzcodog~ ~lo gm~ègmc ? m Nmp zxebxmd~e `gfxomvo fegvudz~èg ei ixu`~v mgn yobo~mhcov mgn ~e iefuv eg gu~x`~èg onufm~èg iex ecnox mnuc~v' ^lo N`y`vèg `v fuxxog~cp vzegvex`gb m z`ce~ zxebxmd ~e `gfxomvo ixu`~ mgn yobo~mhcofegvudz~èg m~ ^`~co @@@ fegbxobm~o mgn ledo noc`yoxp domc zxebxmdv' M gu~x`~èg`v~ mgnn`mho~ov onufm~ex lmyo noyocezon mg onufm~èg denuco hmvon eg ~lo v~mbov ei flmgbo denoc' ^lo

denuco rmv zxovog~on m~ m }umx~oxcp ^`~co @@@ n`xof~exv‐ doo~`gb ~l`v imcc# mgn ~lop roxo mvaon ~euvo `~ mv ~lo`x xo}u`xon }umx~oxcp fegvudox gu~x`~èg onufm~èg zxebxmd' ^lo N`y`vèg `v fuxxog~cpoymcum~`gb `~v `dzmf~ eg ~re coyocv; m `~v uvoiucgovv iex gu~x`~èg onufm~èg# mgn h rlo~lox ~lo`g~oxyog~èg xovuc~on `g flmgbov `g zmx~`f`zmg~ om~`gb lmh`~v' @i ~lo oymcum~èg vlerv zev`~`yoeu~fedov# ~lop lezo ~e xozc`fm~o `~ v~m~or`no'

^lo eyoxmcc hunbo~ r`~l`g ~lo N`y`vèg iex lomc~l zxede~èg `v mheu~ .<:#::: mggumccp# mcc EMM^`~co @@@$N iugnv' ^lo v~mx~$uz fev~v iex Rmca Nocmrmxo roxo mheu~ .8:#:::' ^l`v `gfcunonnoyocez`gb mgn zx`g~`gb ~lo cebv mgn fox~ì`fm~ov# mgn hx`gb`gb `g eu~v`no o|zox~v iex bu`nmgfo'^lo zuhc`f lomc~l onufm~ex# rle eyoxvoov ~lo N`y`vèg‐v lomc~l zxede~èg zxebxmd# `v zm`n r`~lv~m~o iugnv'

^lo N`y`vèg uvon ~lo xob`v~xm~èg iexdv mgn fedzco~on cebheeav ~e noyocez m zmx~`f`zmg~nm~mhmvo mgn feg~xmf~on r`~l ~lo _g`yoxv`~p ei Nocmrmxo ~e noyocez mg oymcum~èg fedzegog~~lm~ o|md`gov lomc~l eu~fedov mgn }umc`~p ei cìo domvuxov iex zmx~`f`zmg~v'

^lo N`y`vèg mcve noyocezon m i`yo$pomx v~xm~ob`f zcmg iex `~v lomc~l zxede~èg zxebxmdv `gfegkugf~èg r`~l ~lo _g`yoxv`~p ei Nocmrmxo# ~lo Vogèx Ecpdz`fv# ~lo Beyoxgex‐v Feugf`c egZlpv`fmc Mf~`y`~p# ~lo Nozmx~dog~ ei Lomc~l mgn Vef`mc Voxy`fov# mgn `gzu~ ixed `~v feddug`~p zmx~goxv' ^lo N`y`vèg lezov ~e `gfxomvo `~v lomc~l zxede~èg `gixmv~xuf~uxo# ~e r`nog `~v xmgbo ei zlpv`fmc mf~`y`~p zxebxmdv# mgn ~e `gfexzexm~o `g~e ~lo`x `g`~`m~`yov bxom~ox iefuv eg mnuc~v r`~l zlpv`fmc n`vmh`c`~òv'

Covvegv Comxgon

‖ ^lo N`y`vèg ieugn ~lm~ noyocez`gb mgn vuv~m`g`gb aop feddug`~p zmx~goxvl`zv lmv hoog fx`~`fmc ~e ~lo vuffovv ei ~lo D`ccoggùd Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv'



>6

‖ ^lo vuv~m`gmh`c`~p ei ~lo zxekof~ rmv mg `g`~`mc fegv`noxm~èg ~lm~ lmv zxeyog ~e ho`dzex~mg~# mv ~lo Dmxfl ~e Roccgovv lmv hofedo m hmvo uzeg rl`fl mnn`~ègmc zxekof~v fmg ho hu`c~'

‖ N`y`vèg v~mii mfagerconbo ~lm~# `g xo~xevzof~# `~ reucn lmyo hoog zxoioxmhco ~e `gyecyoo|zox~v `g eu~fedov mgn oymcum~èg omxcòx `g ~lo noyocezdog~ ei ~lo zxekof~'

Iex dexo `giexdm~èg eg ~l`v zxekof~# feg~mf~;

Flx`v Emaov# Zuhc`f Lomc~l Onufm~ex Nocmrmxo N`y`vèg ei Voxy`fov iex Mb`gbmgn Mnuc~v r`~l Zlpv`fmc N`vmh`c`~òv,Z 6:8$?22$>20=# | ?6femaovJv~m~o'no'uvRoh v`~o; l~~z;%%rrr'nvmmzn'fed



>>

Mzzogn`| M

^lo ieccer`gb hmxxòxv ~e xomfl`gb fuc~uxmccp n`yoxvo ecnox mnuc~v mgn zoxfo`yon eu~xomflv~xm~obòv roxo hmvon eg m v~unp fegnuf~on hp Cemyov ) I`vlov ,Zex~cmgn# Exobeg mgn ~lo_g`yoxv`~p ei ô|mv'

Zoxfo`yon Hmxxòx

Cmfa ei mffuxm~o agerconbo mheu~ ~lo zxebxmd' Nuo ~e cmgbumbo hmxxòxv# dmgp d`gex`~pocnoxv lmyo c`d`~on mffovv ~e zuhc`f `giexdm~èg'

Xofeddognon Eu~xomfl V~xm~obòv

=' ^xmgvcm~o zxebxmd dm~ox`mcv `g~e ymxèuv cmgbumbov'

8' N`vvod`gm~o `giexdm~èg m~ fluxflov mgn ~odzcov rloxo d`gex ~p ocnoxv mgn ~lo`x

imd`còv fegbxobm~o'

6' @gfcuno imd`cp dodhoxv `g `giexdm~èg n`vvod`gm~èg mgn onufm~èg'

>' Odzlmv`{o ~lo v`bgì`fmgfo ei gu~x`~ eg iex lomc~l mgn ~lo gu~x ~ègmc vfxoog`gb mgnonufm~ègmc fedzegog~v ei ~lo zxebxmd'

?' _vo OVC fcmvvov ~e n`vvod`gm~o `giexdm~èg mgn mv fegnu`~v iex hx`gb`gb n`yoxvo zoezco~e fog~oxv‐ domc zxebxmdv'

Zoxfo`yon Hmxxòx

Iomx mgn n`v~xuv~ ei beyoxgdog~ mgn `gv~`~u~ègv' ^lo `g~mao zxefovv xo}u`x`gb zoxvegmc`giexdm~èg fmg ho nmug~`gb mgn xm`vo vuvz`fègv'


=' Xofxu`~ dexo d`gex`~p dodhoxv ~e voxyo eg ~lo fog~oxv‐ v~oox`gb fedd`~~oo mgn ~lombogfp hemxn ei n`xof~exv'

8' @gfxomvo zmx~goxvl`zv mgn rexa`gb xocm~ègvl`zv r`~l d`gex`~p exbmg`{m~ègv# vlmx`gbmym`cmhco xoveuxfov mgn cmgbumbo va`ccv'

6' @gyecyo o~lg`f feddug`~p comnoxv mgn fuc~`ym~o aop ecnox feg~mf~v rle mxo zmx~ ei ~lod`gex`~p feddug`~p mv xoioxxmc veuxfov iex ze~og~`mc zmx~`f`zmg~v'

>' Fuc~`ym~o ~xuv~ mgn nodegv~xm~o im`xgovv `g ~xom~dog~ ei mcc ocnoxv'

?' Ogfeuxmbo `gzu~ mgn mvv`v~mgfo ixed zmx~`f`zm~`gb d`gex`~p ocnoxv'



>?

Zoxfo`yon Hmxxòx

_gimd`c`mx ieenv' Oyog ì domcv mxo ledo$noc`yoxon# dmgp ocnoxv r`cc ge~ om~ ieenv ~lm~mxo gor ~e ~lod'


=# N`yoxvìp doguv# `gfxomvo fle`fov# mgn uvo ieen oglmgfodog~v

8' Vflonuco dodhoxv ei o~lg`f v~mii ~e xe~m~o mgn zxozmxo vzof`mc domcv m~ ~lo fog~oxv'

Zoxfo`yon Hmxxòx

D`gex`~p ocnoxv dmp iooc ugfediex~mhco ho`gb `g ugimd`c`mx ogy`xegdog~v mgn d`gbc`gbr`~l e~lox zmx~`f`zmg~v ixed nìioxog~ xmf`mc%o~lg`f mgn fuc~uxmc hmfabxeugnv'


=' Xofxu`~ mgn ~xm`g m peugb bogoxm~èg ei fuc~uxmccp fedzo~og~ yecug~ooxv ixed mcc o~lg`fbxeuzv'

8' L`xo dexo fuc~uxmccp fedzo~og~ v~mii mgn zxey`no m rocfed`gb fog~ox m~devzloxo'

6' Zcmg fog~ox mf~`y`~òv# vufl mv bmdov# n`vfuvvègv eg lomc~l ~ez`fv# focohxm~ègv# buov~vzomaoxv# mgn feea`gb nodegv~xm~ègv ~lm~ mxo fuc~uxmccp mzzxezx`m~o mgn mhco ~e locz zmx~`f`zmg~v ixed nìioxog~ hmfabxeugnvbo~ ~e ager omfl e~lox'

>' Vuxyop d`gex`~p zmx~`f`zmg~v ~e bo~ `gzu~ xobmxn`gb oiiof~`yo rmpv ~e dmao ~lod dexofediex~mhco'

?' @gy`~o d`gex`~p comnoxv ~e cugfl m~ domc v`~ov ~e locz v~mii mgn yecug~ooxv bm`g `gv`bl~`g~e doo~`gb ~lo goonv ei d`gex`~p ocnoxv'

9' Ogfeuxmbo `g~ox$fog~ox y`v`~v hp hemxn dodhoxv# fog~ox v~mii# mgn yecug~ooxv ~eo|flmgbo `nomv mgn denoc vuffovviuc zxebxmdv'

Zoxfo`yon Hmxxòx

Dmgp d`gex`~p ocnoxv rexa m~ ledo# xm`v`gb bxmgnfl`cnxog' V`gfo fegbxobm~o n`g`gbfog~oxv ne ge~ ioon fl`cnxog mgn lmyo ge zcmp vzmfo iex ~lod# ~lovo ocnoxv fmgge~ fedor`~l ~lo fl`cnxog'


=' Zxey`no dexo `g~oxbogoxm~ègmc zxebxmdv m~ fog~oxv'



8' Ez~ iex n`ggox xm~lox ~lmg cugfl zxebxmdv ~e mccer `g~oxbogoxm~ègmc zxebxmdd`gb'

Zoxfo`yon Hmxxòx

=' @gmffovv`h`c`~p mgn `gmno}umfp ei o|`v~`gb ~xmgvzex~m~èg' Dmgp nx`yoxv ei ocnoxcp

~xmgvzex~m~èg voxy`fov ne ge~ rm`~ cegb ogeubl ex agefa m~ ~lo neex ì ~lo vogèxv ne ge~mzzomx m~ ~lo z`fauz v`~o eg ~`do'


=' Eiiox domcv rloxo ~ `v dev~ fegyogòg~# ~lm~ v# fxom~o deh`co domc v`~ov `g zcmfov càofluxflov mgn ~odzcov mv rocc mv fog~oxv `g o~lg`f feddug`~òv'

8' Noy`vo rmpv ~e omvo ~lo ~xmgvzex~m~èg zxehcodv `g feccmhexm~èg r`~l ~lo feug~p vogèx voxy`fov nozmx~dog~'

^lovo hmxxòxv mgn xofeddognm~ègv mxo ~maog ixed ~lo ieccer`gb; Xomfl`gb Eu~ ~eXmf`mc%O~lg`f D`gex`~p Ecnox Zoxvegv iex Ocnoxcp Gu~x`~èg Zxebxmdv# hp Gmdaoo B' Fle` mgnKemg Vd`~l# Keuxgmc ei Gu~x`~èg iex ~lo Ocnoxcp# Yec 8>,= 8::>

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