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Inorganic Substances
• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water. pH of less than 7.
• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. pH of more than 7.
• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.
NotContaining Carbon & Hydrogen
HCl H2SO4NaOH KOH NaCl MgCl2
Inorganic Substances
HOHSo what is water??
A little bitAcidic
A little bitBasic = Neutral
INORGANIC!
Organic Substances
• Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars• Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides• Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least
1 fatty acid• Proteins: made up of amino acids
Organic Substances – contain and Carbon Hydrogen
Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
direct all cell processes
catalysts transport
movement protectionimmune growth
energy storagecell structures
energy
Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
SugarsStarches
MeatsHormones
MuscleHairNails
EnzymesBlood Cells
FatsOils
Waxes
DNARNA
Organic Substances
InorganicAcid Base Salt
OrganicCarbohydrate
ProteinLipid
Nucleic Acid
Organic vs. Inorganic____________ – compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen
____________ – compounds that DO contain both carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic
Organic
Organic or Inorganic?
1. NaCl2. CO2 3. CH44. HCl5. C6H12O6
Inorganic – hydrogen chloride
Inorganic – carbon dioxide
Inorganic – sodium chloride
Organic – carbon tetrahydide (methane!)
Organic – glucose
Organic SubstancesMonomers link together to
form Polymers.
Polymers are large organic molecules called
MACROMOLECULES.
Macromolecules(4 Groups)
Sugars and Starches CH2O or 1:2:1
Sugar
Draw a C at every CORNER of the ring – see how each CORNER has 4 bonds, except for the one with Oxygen?
You will often see carbon rings drawn this way, with the C atoms implied by the 4-bond corners. Label the Carbon atoms to make counting easier!
NOW, count each type of atom!C: 6H: 12O: 6
C6H12O6 = GLUCOSE! The MONOMER for all corbohydrates!
To provide and store energy
MonosaccharidesDisaccharides
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides(one sugar)
glucose
Disaccharides(two sugars)
fructoseglucose
Polysaccharides(many sugars)
1. Starch
2. Cellulose
3. Glycogen
Polysaccharides(many sugars)
Polysaccharides
A storage molecule found in plants. Plants store sugars in the form of starch for later use.
Polysaccharides
• A major component in cell walls of plants. The cellulose enables the plants to have rigid cell walls which allows them to
have sturdy trunks and branches.• Only a few organisms have the enzymes necessary for digesting
cellulose.
Polysaccharides
A storage molecule found in animals.
Animals store sugars in the form of glycogen for
later use.
Fats, Oils, and Waxes
Fatty Acid
Store EnergyInsulation
Cell Membrane
CholesterolPhospholipidsFats (triglycerides): Saturated Unsaturated
Fat (triglyceride)
Glycerol “3” Fatty Acid tails
• There are two kinds of fatty acids you may see on food labels:1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad)2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good)
OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
=
saturatedOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH
2 -CH2 -CH
2 -CH2 -CH
3
=
unsaturated
Phospholipids
“PHOSPHO”LIPID
Phospholipid
Chains of Amino Acids
Amino Acid
MeatsHormones
MuscleHairNails
EnzymesBlood Cells
Many Types
20 amino acids combine to form 1000s of proteins based on the various ways that they can combine
AminoAcid
AminoAcid
AminoAcid Amino
Acid
AminoAcid
Long chains of amino acids connected together by peptide bonds
Peptide Bond
Peptide Bond
Enzyme
Chains of Nucleotides
Nucleotide
NUCLEOTIDES.nitrogen base
phosphate
sugar
Direct cell processesProtein Synthesis
DNARNA
Base
Phosphate
Sugar
Protein Synthesis
Contains Genetic
Information