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Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hofmann

English 1102-057

11 March, 2014

Inquiry Proposal

1. Why are teachers paid so little in the US versus Korea when they are an essential part of kids futures?

2.a. Who controls the salaries of teachers? Are there any other benefits other than

salary? b. Why hasn’t anything been done by teachers in protest again the government? c. How can we make the US as efficient in teaching as Korea is?d. What can the community do to help children outside of education in the

classroom? e. Where does Korea get the money from to supply these workshops, seminars for

teachers? f. What ways can the US cut back on spending in unnecessary areas and put more

into school system’s needs? g. What can be done to prevent the government from cutting teachers’ salaries and

lower?h. What qualifications should be implemented from Korea to the United States in

order to become a teacher?i. Should communities be upset with teachers because their children aren’t getting

the proper training or government?j. What are the reasons government does not want to pay teachers.

3. Starting Point: My topic so far is interesting. There are many beliefs in America that the government is conning teachers out of money and spending it carelessly on things like the newest laptops and etc whereas the Korea does not spend on crazy material things like the US does. This causes their government to be able to pay their teachers more and putting the money into more beneficial things like teaching seminars and workshops for better teaching. Technology is slowly corrupting these schools because they are wanting to keep up with the trends and what is new. It does not smart nor fair to the students. Communities most commonly raise uproar because children do not get the education that they need but they are not doing anything to help the child outside of school. This involves three sides, the parents, teachers, and the student.

4. Working Knowledge: Two resources I have found so far talk about is an article called “Americans in Korea: The New Jersey of Asia” and a guy named GF Brandenburg’s blog. In the “Americans in Korea” article, it give clears monetary comparisons with Korean teachers styles of living and the things US teachers most commonly have to pay for. Teachers in the US are paid so little by the government that they are rarely able to

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live comfortably. Pay check to pay check for some of them and it shows that Koreans are smarter about the way they spend. Public school teachers in Korea are not taxed the first two of teaching and get raises regularly depending on the amount of teaching they know. The Brandenburg blog is a good, beneficial source that I have also found that speaks on how the United States schools are the third-highest needing school which is ironic because we are known to be a country that is well off or “spoiled.” In contrast with the United States, Korean teachers are chosen wisely and said to be guaranteed and actual position unlike the United States teachers. There are also blogs from teachers voicing their personal opinions on what should be done to raise their salary. Teachers are one of the most over looked jobs and I have found that some teachers are aware of the problem but just do not know how to fix the problem.

Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hofmann

English 1102 – 057

25 March, 2014

Evaluative Bibliography ONE

Barro, Stephen M, and Joe W. Lee. A Comparison of Teachers' Salaries in Japan and the United States. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, Center for Statistics, 1986. Print.

A Comparison of Teacher Salaries’ in Japan and the United States by Stephen Barro and Joe Lee talks deeper in the aspect of salaries. The main questions researched are How do the levels of public school teachers in Japan compare with that in the United States, How do the teacher salary structure in Japan compare with the United States, and how well are teachers rewarded relatively in two countries compared with levels of income and output in each country and with the rewards available in non-teaching occupants. The structures of salaries in the United States and Japan were compared by the authors stating that this was the government’s responsibility and that the US had their structure set up in a way that conned teachers in the US out of their money putting it into other things that are not as important in the school systems.

There were not as many qualifications, duties, and working conditions that are needed in the United States which allows just about any teacher who has had some type of teacher license to be an addition to this culture. Japan schoolteachers get better pay because they are so much more qualified and have higher education requirements. It is said the United States teacher salaries do not even get half past the average salary an educator should get being that they are an essential part of the community and children’s early life. Japan gets way past the average salary and the average salary for Japanese educators is significantly higher than the average salary in the United States.

Teaching is a special job that is not easy and one must love what they do to impact others around them, which would be the kids, authors say. In comparing, another factors that is looked

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at is the comparison of being a teacher and other jobs. This website explains other concepts of teacher salary and provides actual statistics from 2009 until now and gives research on what ways there are to change and eliminate the gaps between salaries in Asian countries and the United States system.

Eggers, Dave; Calegari Ninive, C. “The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries”. The New York Times Opinion Pages (2011, April 30). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

“The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries” by Dave eggers and Ninive Calegari informs readers of the actual problem outside of the government but moreso within the community. They give comparisons with and army or a military and how if they don’t have the proper tools to fight then they will suffer as a whole. This analogy proves to be true with teachers and schooling outside of the classroom. Statistics have shown that most United States teachers have higher risk of living pay check to pay check because they are not able to provide off of the little income from teaching. Although one may love their job, it is hard to stick with it when they cannot do but so much with it.

It also gives comparisons to the other countries like Finland, Singapore, and South Korea (which is my main focus). These countries have techniques and training that the government pays for, which trains their educators better and makes them better prepared to teach students. While students are getting educated, teachers are getting higher pay which makes them want to teach and help kids even more. Outside of the classroom parent involvement is something that these countries take strong pride in and the United States in some places do not reinforce this like they should for success. The students in low income families are often in urban areas of the community where there are no resources available, which is where the government should come into play and implement those essential things versus other materialistic things.

Not only is the lack of community involvement not fair, but this also takes away from what teachers are actually working for. If students do not have leaders outside of school to help them retain the information they learn in school, then why are teachers wasting their time, says Eggers and Calegari? Not only do these other countries have workshops but hey are paid for. The United States is so money hungry that they are not able or willing to pay for workshops in each subject for teachers because they put the money into other parts of the government that stop teachers from being able to do what they need to do.

Han, Eunhye P. "Issues in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in South Korea." Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education. 17.3 (1996): 20-23. Print.

“Issues in Early Childhood teacher Preparation in South Korea” by Eunhye Park Han explains the types of training teachers in South Korea are exposed to and how these educators are giving their knowledge back to their children with the techniques they are taught. One advantage that children in Korea have is the fact that they start out early life getting higher teachers for children starting out in daycares. The United States does not focus on the importance of children

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in pre-k because they are not exposed to much. Korean teachers have basic training in both two and four year colleges. Han talks about the three types of in-service education available which are certificate renewal, supervisory, and general knowledge updates.

The certificate renewal in education is implemented by the Government for teachers that include certain requirements for the educator to be hired, while supervisory are the coordinators of Koreas school curriculum who plan the workshops and general knowledge is based on what the educators are tested on as their basic knowledge. Along with what is going right in Korea as far as teaching, this book also puts emphasis on the issues that need to be improved in general education including certification for teachers, salaries, benefits, and directors. Teaching in South Korea is also popular due to the competitiveness in pay, job stability, and their good working conditions.

Being that there is an undersupply of teachers in elementary positions in Korea, there are eleven different dedicated teacher colleges that help choose the best teachers to be put into the school systems. Unlike the United States, the admission requirements Han discusses state that teachers must have been a candidate who graduated from certain, general academic high schools as well as having high scores on their College Scholastic ability test that Korea provides in two and four year colleges. Here in the States, there is a high demand for secondary education as likewise for South Korea, but the educators or chosen differently, Han goes into more detail about the similarities and differences between the two.

Kang, Nam-Hwa, and Miyoung Hong. "Achieving Excellence in Teacher Workforce and Equity in Learning Opportunities in South Korea." Educational Researcher. 37.4 (2008): 200-207. Print.

Achieving excellence in teacher workforce and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea by Nam-Hwa Kong and Miyoung Hong writer this book explaining where the United States system of education is not as efficient as other foreign countries. The value of the school systems here is not as valued as it should be and as other countries are. They list problems with the mathematics department in the US specifically, stating that there is a shortage of qualified math teachers and that there is unequal access to low socioeconomic students. There is research on countries like South Korea who have excellent achievement and equity in access for all students as well as meditation for relationships between achievement gaps and opportunity.

In addition to my inquiry about my topic, authors think that teaching is an essential part of child’s learning and government’s should reconsider salary raises, improved working conditions, and have an increase for out of class planning time for teachers in the United States to better prepare themselves. One way that Kang and Hong have said curriculum coordinators can improve teaching for the United States is to make accessible learning for students who lack community and family resources. There are three main stages that Korean educators go through to get a chance to become a certified educator. They also lists what ways their salaries are different which is the main reason why are more substantial and efficient in teaching the children.

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Salary plays in important role, says Han. Both United Stated and Korean teachers may have the gift for teaching but researchers find that it is hard to make a living off of the little money they make, which causes teachers to give up their love for teaching for something that pays a little better. Educators in South Korea are able to live comfortably which makes it easier to deal with the children and easier to work cohesively as a unit to help children. The South Korean government has also implemented a process called institutionalizing a Master Teacher System where teachers can designated Masters Teachers based off of their strong skills in both teaching and leadership.

Ruml, Beardsley, and Sidney G. Tickton. Teaching Salaries Then and Now. New York: Fund for the Advancement of Education, 1955. Print.

Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton, looks at the decrease in amount of US teachers’ salaries in the past two decades. With all the detrimental happenings that the United States has went through over the years, a lot of money has been used in other place that are not as important as one would think but have seemed to be made more important because people have been brainwashed in society. Teachers are an essential part of children’s early life and learning but this concept has not been taken fully into consideration, being put on the back burner.

Many forget that teaching is important and parents always stress the facts of teachers educating their child in a negative or positive way but always seeming to overlook the country as a whole and where all the money has gone to for better preparation of the real world for kids. Such efforts have been made by teacher’s overtime to try and speak up to coordinators about why they have not gotten a raise in previous years and why the government has put a stop on raises but nothing has been done to have these questions answered. Authors of this book say that people often overlook education as a non-important factor only when it is brought up but never think about the teacher’s well-being and what they are going through.

With the decrease in salaries overtime, teachers have found it harder to maintain stability in their personal lives and forget that teachers are human beings as well and need to have the means to survive. I personally enjoyed this book because it answers my questions about the importance of things in the community and why these things have not been done to improve teacher living. It does not say that teachers have tried tremendously to overcome these cases but this could all come to a stop if educators were more serious about their way of life and did not stop until they had actual answers.

Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hofmann

English 1102 – 057

25 March, 2014

Evaluative Bibliography TWO

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Barro, Stephen M, and Joe W. Lee. A Comparison of Teachers' Salaries in Japan and the United States. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, Center for Statistics, 1986. Print.

A Comparison of Teacher Salaries’ in Japan and the United States by Stephen Barro and Joe Lee talks deeper in the aspect of salaries. The main questions researched are How do the levels of public school teachers in Japan compare with that in the United States, How do the teacher salary structure in Japan compare with the United States, and how well are teachers rewarded relatively in two countries compared with levels of income and output in each country and with the rewards available in non-teaching occupants. The structures of salaries in the United States and Japan were compared by the authors stating that this was the government’s responsibility and that the US had their structure set up in a way that conned teachers in the US out of their money putting it into other things that are not as important in the school systems.

There were not as many qualifications, duties, and working conditions that are needed in the United States which allows just about any teacher who has had some type of teacher license to be an addition to this culture. Japan schoolteachers get better pay because they are so much more qualified and have higher education requirements. It is said the United States teacher salaries do not even get half past the average salary an educator should get being that they are an essential part of the community and children’s early life. Japan gets way past the average salary and the average salary for Japanese educators is significantly higher than the average salary in the United States.

Teaching is a special job that is not easy and one must love what they do to impact others around them, which would be the kids, authors say. In comparing, another factors that is looked at is the comparison of being a teacher and other jobs. This website explains other concepts of teacher salary and provides actual statistics from 2009 until now and gives research on what ways there are to change and eliminate the gaps between salaries in Asian countries and the United States system.

Eggers, Dave; Calegari Ninive, C. “The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries”. The New York Times Opinion Pages (2011, April 30). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

“The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries” by Dave eggers and Ninive Calegari informs readers of the actual problem outside of the government but moreso within the community. They give comparisons with and army or a military and how if they don’t have the proper tools to fight then they will suffer as a whole. This analogy proves to be true with teachers and schooling outside of the classroom. Statistics have shown that most United States teachers have higher risk of living pay check to pay check because they are not able to provide off of the little income from teaching. Although one may love their job, it is hard to stick with it when they cannot do but so much with it.

It also gives comparisons to the other countries like Finland, Singapore, and South Korea (which is my main focus). These countries have techniques and training that the government pays for, which trains their educators better and makes them better prepared to teach students.

Thomas 1

While students are getting educated, teachers are getting higher pay which makes them want to teach and help kids even more. Outside of the classroom parent involvement is something that these countries take strong pride in and the United States in some places do not reinforce this like they should for success. The students in low income families are often in urban areas of the community where there are no resources available, which is where the government should come into play and implement those essential things versus other materialistic things.

Not only is the lack of community involvement not fair, but this also takes away from what teachers are actually working for. If students do not have leaders outside of school to help them retain the information they learn in school, then why are teachers wasting their time, says Eggers and Calegari? Not only do these other countries have workshops but hey are paid for. The United States is so money hungry that they are not able or willing to pay for workshops in each subject for teachers because they put the money into other parts of the government that stop teachers from being able to do what they need to do.

Han, Eunhye P. "Issues in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in South Korea." Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education. 17.3 (1996): 20-23. Print.

“Issues in Early Childhood teacher Preparation in South Korea” by Eunhye Park Han explains the types of training teachers in South Korea are exposed to and how these educators are giving their knowledge back to their children with the techniques they are taught. One advantage that children in Korea have is the fact that they start out early life getting higher teachers for children starting out in daycares. The United States does not focus on the importance of children in pre-k because they are not exposed to much. Korean teachers have basic training in both two and four year colleges. Han talks about the three types of in-service education available which are certificate renewal, supervisory, and general knowledge updates.

The certificate renewal in education is implemented by the Government for teachers that include certain requirements for the educator to be hired, while supervisory are the coordinators of Koreas school curriculum who plan the workshops and general knowledge is based on what the educators are tested on as their basic knowledge. Along with what is going right in Korea as far as teaching, this book also puts emphasis on the issues that need to be improved in general education including certification for teachers, salaries, benefits, and directors. Teaching in South Korea is also popular due to the competitiveness in pay, job stability, and their good working conditions.

Being that there is an undersupply of teachers in elementary positions in Korea, there are eleven different dedicated teacher colleges that help choose the best teachers to be put into the school systems. Unlike the United States, the admission requirements Han discusses state that teachers must have been a candidate who graduated from certain, general academic high schools as well as having high scores on their College Scholastic ability test that Korea provides in two and four year colleges. Here in the States, there is a high demand for secondary education as likewise for South Korea, but the educators or chosen differently, Han goes into more detail about the similarities and differences between the two.

Thomas 1

Kang, Nam-Hwa, and Miyoung Hong. "Achieving Excellence in Teacher Workforce and Equity in Learning Opportunities in South Korea." Educational Researcher. 37.4 (2008): 200-207. Print.

Achieving excellence in teacher workforce and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea by Nam-Hwa Kong and Miyoung Hong writer this book explaining where the United States system of education is not as efficient as other foreign countries. The value of the school systems here is not as valued as it should be and as other countries are. They list problems with the mathematics department in the US specifically, stating that there is a shortage of qualified math teachers and that there is unequal access to low socioeconomic students. There is research on countries like South Korea who have excellent achievement and equity in access for all students as well as meditation for relationships between achievement gaps and opportunity.

In addition to my inquiry about my topic, authors think that teaching is an essential part of child’s learning and government’s should reconsider salary raises, improved working conditions, and have an increase for out of class planning time for teachers in the United States to better prepare themselves. One way that Kang and Hong have said curriculum coordinators can improve teaching for the United States is to make accessible learning for students who lack community and family resources. There are three main stages that Korean educators go through to get a chance to become a certified educator. They also lists what ways their salaries are different which is the main reason why are more substantial and efficient in teaching the children.

Salary plays in important role, says Han. Both United Stated and Korean teachers may have the gift for teaching but researchers find that it is hard to make a living off of the little money they make, which causes teachers to give up their love for teaching for something that pays a little better. Educators in South Korea are able to live comfortably which makes it easier to deal with the children and easier to work cohesively as a unit to help children. The South Korean government has also implemented a process called institutionalizing a Master Teacher System where teachers can designated Masters Teachers based off of their strong skills in both teaching and leadership.

Pearson, Firm. “Best Education in the World: Finland, South Korea Top Country Rankings, U.S. Rated Average.” Huff Post Education. Huffington Education Group. 27 November 2012. Web. 12 April 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/best-education-in-the-wor_n_2199795.html

This is a multimedia source that explains the educational choices South Korea makes in comparison to other countries. South Korea along with Finland are some of top 40 countries, hovering way over the United States. The video is very informative and researchers say that the way the government sets up their education system is more effective because they are smart with how they spread their monies across the board. All of the teachers are high-quality teachers because they are chosen wisely and must attend workshops before even getting their license to

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teach. Asian countries are also naturally smarter and have stronger teacher bred there. That is something that the United States cannot compete or change but can try to use the techniques they use to keep the children updated and for the teachers to be more effective for students inside the classroom.

The study is said to aim to school leaders that key factors that lead to more successful educational outcomes. The research draws on literacy data as well as figures in government spending on education, school entrance age, teacher salaries and degree of school choice. Researchers also measured socioeconomic outcomes like national unemployment rates, GDP, life expectancy and prison population. Although this does not have much to do with salary, this later plays a role in return when teachers in Korea are able to get a better paying job. There is no correlation in this particular article that talks about higher pay and better performance. This source is good because it tells me the ways the teachers in South Korea are teaching and how the United States can implement these things into their studies to become more efficient educators.

The statistics of rankings on the education school between the universes is compared and United States is low on the list. The five bottom findings that were also talked about in this article are: There are no magic bullets, Respecting teachers, Culture can be Changed, parents are neither impediments to nor saviours of education, and the importance of education the future and just not the present. The elaboration on each of those topics are discussed or readers and if the US took these things into consideration, it would be better.

Ruml, Beardsley, and Sidney G. Tickton. Teaching Salaries Then and Now. New York: Fund for the Advancement of Education, 1955. Print.

Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton, looks at the decrease in amount of US teachers’ salaries in the past two decades. With all the detrimental happenings that the United States has went through over the years, a lot of money has been used in other place that are not as important as one would think but have seemed to be made more important because people have been brainwashed in society. Teachers are an essential part of children’s early life and learning but this concept has not been taken fully into consideration, being put on the back burner.

Many forget that teaching is important and parents always stress the facts of teachers educating their child in a negative or positive way but always seeming to overlook the country as a whole and where all the money has gone to for better preparation of the real world for kids. Such efforts have been made by teacher’s overtime to try and speak up to coordinators about why they have not gotten a raise in previous years and why the government has put a stop on raises but nothing has been done to have these questions answered. Authors of this book say that people often overlook education as a non-important factor only when it is brought up but never think about the teacher’s well-being and what they are going through.

With the decrease in salaries overtime, teachers have found it harder to maintain stability in their personal lives and forget that teachers are human beings as well and need to have the means to survive. I personally enjoyed this book because it answers my questions about the importance of things in the community and why these things have not been done to improve

Thomas 1

teacher living. It does not say that teachers have tried tremendously to overcome these cases but this could all come to a stop if educators were more serious about their way of life and did not stop until they had actual answers.

Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hoffman

English 1102

01 April, 2014

Inquiry Essay Draft ONE with Peer Revision

Why are teachers paid so little in the United States than in South Korea? In America’s society, there are thousands of kids who are not likely to succeed as other kids are expected to in other countries. What is happening in the school system’s that are stopping children from learning the appropriate things they should be learning, one may ask. The answer is simply this, teacher quality. It is normal for educators in today’s society to be looked down upon because of the lack of student success inside the classroom. Parents and communities are more focused on disagreeing and being against their children’s teachers instead of looking at the real problem. Countries like Singapore, Finland, and best overall South Korea have higher teacher quality than the United States and get better pay for their services. Wanting to be a teacher leading eventually into a principal made me think of some of the bigger issues teachers are faced with, salary and benefits being something. Thinking of what can be done to improve this issue, looking at the government and comparing their tactics with other governments to see what could be changed if I had the chance to be. I have heard teachers express their love for teaching but always bring up the cons of having the job and salaries was a topic always mentioned.

Educator’s personal lives are affected by their lack of income because some of them have to struggle to make ends meet whether it be paying for bills or having time to do other things outside of school. Teaching children is an extremely time consuming job and sometimes teachers often forget about pleasing and taking care of themselves. According to The New York Times opinion page, researchers Dave Eggers and Ninive Calegari looked deeper into the concept of what it means to be an educator and what the real struggles of being one is. One of the most common problems for teachers is try to make ends meet, which is causing a decrease in teachers around the United States. Eggers and Calegari believe that not only are children affected by this decline but teachers as well are not getting to do the job they really love because they government is not being reasonable about where they put their money into. If teachers are not in place then the amount angry parents would increase and more uproar would occur but on the contrary if teachers were given fair pay like those in South Korea as well as higher quality, students would have higher tests scores. South Korean government focuses on the well-being of the children and depending on how well the teachers are educating the students. In return, they get higher pay.

Not much research has been looked at as far as this topic but this topic is especially important to me because of where I plan to be later in life. There are numerous blog pages from teachers who have researched about what they can do or what they have already done as far as

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going to the United States schooling system and asking for raises. Their requests were never answered and for this there should be something implemented like South Korean government does to further educate their teachers for the classrooms. Achieving excellence in the workforce and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea by Nam-Hwa Kong and Miyoung Hong discusses the underlying issues of how teachers in the states feel that if there were new laws put in place pertaining to what a teacher must take before becoming certified then they were will more success in the classrooms. The importance of education is not as valued in the United States as it is in South Korea, which is why students are more likely to succeed. Some questions that aroused while researching the comparisons of the South Korean government to ours is what qualifications are needed to even be considered becoming and educator. In the United States, it is very easy to become a teacher as long as one has a certain degree and amount of time they have been teaching. However, does this really say how good an individual is at what they do as far as interaction with the kids and getting an increased pay? Other inquiries such as in what ways are teachers in South Korea being taught that differs from the United States and what can be done differently to make it better.

South Korean government pays for teacher workshops, classes on how to be a good educator, and explains different techniques of teaching a child which is also known as Universal Design for Learning. In the article, “Issues in Early Childhood teacher Preparation in South Korea” by Eunhye Park Han makes good viewpoints about this problem and the United States does not have these things in effect to reward teachers. The government pays the teachers in South Korea by how much they learn from these classroom-technique and building workshops as well as looking at the highest degree of schooling the teacher has. Han looks at how government only chooses the highest graduating teachers in their class to teach and that is what seems to work best for them. If the United States was able to do this, then that would result in a good teachers in the states and better pay for the teachers. It is frustrating to know firsthand where the money from the US government goes to and why teachers must struggle to have their voices heard here. Teachers are an important factor of what a child learns and how one grows as a result of that so in return educators should gain more monetary profit for their time and dedication.

In contrary to what the government of the United States does with their money, it is also necessary to look at why teachers might not get as much profit or a raise like they should. Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton, looks at the decrease in amount of US teachers’ salaries in the past two decades. This is not something that teachers can control but should try to speak up about to see when it comes to the education and schooling standpoint, make some type of agreement with the system to ensure that their money is not put in jeopardy because of need for other happenings in our country. South Korea is wise with how and what they spend their money on. The change overtime for teachers to get a raise in the states will not be in effect right away, but if there were more people looking at this problem like myself, maybe something can be done to help raise awareness about the care of teachers.

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Works Cited

Barro, Stephen M, and Joe W. Lee. A Comparison of Teachers' Salaries in Japan and the United

States. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, Center for Statistics, 1986. Print.

Eggers, Dave; Calegari Ninive, C. “The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries”. The New York

Times Opinion Pages (2011, April 30). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

Han, Eunhye P. "Issues in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in South Korea." Journal of

Early Childhood Teacher Education. 17.3 (1996): 20-23. Print.

Kang, Nam-Hwa, and Miyoung Hong. "Achieving Excellence in Teacher Workforce and Equity

in Learning Opportunities in South Korea." Educational Researcher. 37.4 (2008): 200-207. Print.

Ruml, Beardsley, and Sidney G. Tickton. Teaching Salaries Then and Now. New York: Fund for

the Advancement of Education, 1955. Print.

Dear Jasmine,

We see that you are comparing the teachers’ salaries between the US and South Korea. This question is clear.

You are very good about maintaining the spirit of inquiry throughout the whole paper. There is good background, but you could definitely add more facts into this paper. We would

also like to see more personal ties to the topic. We aren’t really sure why you use South Korea. You might want to give more information about that.

The tone comes off as pretty formal to the reader. This is a good tone to have with this type of paper.

We can’t really tell that you have used much help from outside sources. It seems very opinionated. If you got these opinions from outside sources, you need to add direct quotes and more facts to go along with them.

You connected South Korea to the United States. We found that part very interesting. You might want to add some more stuff into your conclusion. Also, you say that something

needs to be done about this. It would be good if you added a few examples.

Thanks,Sara and Jackie

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Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hoffman

English 1102-057

10 April, 2014

Note to Reader: Through this editing process of my paper, I have gotten both positive and negative feedback from my paper. I changed to reason why I chose South Korea so that it does not seem like a random place that I chose to research and compare. Also, there are more details and more in-text citations from my sources that prove what is trying to be explored. I need to work on my question to make it more apparent to readers, however keep the facts that I already have because they are strong. Opposed to just stating facts, I incorporated some personal experience and some opinions from teacher blogs etc. so that this is not just a typical factual and boring research paper.

Inquiry Essay Draft TWO with Revision

Why are teachers paid so little in the United States than in South Korea? In America’s society, there are thousands of kids who are not likely to succeed as other kids are expected to in other countries. What is happening in the school system’s that are stopping children from learning the appropriate things they should be learning, one may ask. The answer is simply this, teacher quality. It is normal for educators in today’s society to be looked down upon because of the lack of student success inside the classroom. Parents and communities are more focused on disagreeing and being against their children’s teachers instead of looking at the real problem. Countries like Singapore, Finland, and best overall South Korea have higher teacher quality than the United States and get better pay for their services (Eggers, Calegari; 2011). Me wanting to be a teacher, leading eventually into a principal made me think of some of the bigger issues teachers are faced with like: salary and benefits.

Thinking of what can be done to improve this issue, a government comparison of the United States and South Korean is necessary to see what differences in tactics are used to see what could be changed in the United States for teachers to have greater salaries. In an interview with my fifth grade teacher, Mrs. Burch I asked “As an educator in America, what is one thing you have issues with and could change if you could?” and she responded, “There is not much I would change because I love the job I have and the kids I work with every day. However, I feel that we as teachers are often taken advantage of and are not paid as well as we should be like other countries are.” Teachers are an essential part of children’s lives but are not treated as such in The United States like they are in other countries.

Educator’s personal lives are affected by their lack of income because some of them have to struggle to make ends meet whether it be paying for bills or having time to do other things outside of school. Teaching children is an extremely time consuming job and sometimes teachers often forget about pleasing and taking care of themselves. According to The New York Times opinion page, researchers Dave Eggers and Ninive Calegari looked deeper into the concept of what it means to be an educator and what the real struggles of being one is. One of the most common problems for teachers is try to make ends meet, which is causing a decrease in teachers

Thomas 1

around the United States. NY Times editors, Eggers and Calegari believe that not only are children affected by this decline but teachers as well are not getting to do the job they really love because they government is not being reasonable about where they put their money into. If teachers are not in place then the amount angry parents would increase and more uproar would occur but on the contrary if teachers were given fair pay like those in South Korea as well as higher quality, students would have higher tests scores (Eggers, Callegari;2011). South Korea is an example of a country to makes education a priority and cares about their teachers. Their government focuses on the well-being of the children and depending on how well the teachers are educating the students. In return, they get higher pay (Kang, Miyoung; 2008).

Not much research has been looked at as far as this topic but this topic is especially important to me because of where I plan to be later in life. Their requests were never answered and for this there should be something implemented like South Korean government does to further educate their teachers for the classrooms. Achieving excellence in the workforce and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea by Nam-Hwa Kong and Miyoung Hong discusses the underlying issues of how teachers in the states feel that if there were new laws put in place pertaining to what a teacher must take before becoming certified then they were will more success in the classrooms. The importance of education is not as valued in the United States as it is in South Korea, which is why students are more likely to succeed (Han; 1996).

Some questions that aroused while researching the comparisons of the South Korean government to ours is what qualifications are needed to even be considered becoming and educator. Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton describes the past two decades and the decrease of teacher salary in the United States. One of the reasoning behind that is the fact that it is very easy to become a teacher as long as one has a certain degree and amount of time they have been teaching. However, does this really say how good an individual is at what they do as far as interaction with the kids and getting an increased pay? Other inquiries such as in what ways are teachers in South Korea being taught that differs from the United States and what can be done differently to make it better.

South Korean government pays for teacher workshops, classes on how to be a good educator, and explains different techniques of teaching a child which is also known as Universal Design for Learning. United States educators are not taught as many techniques to help increase the success of children in the classrooms like South Korea emphasizes. In the article, “Issues in Early Childhood teacher Preparation in South Korea” by Eunhye Park Han good viewpoints about this problem are made and the United States does not have these things in effect to reward teachers. The government pays the teachers in South Korea by how much they learn from these classroom-technique and building workshops as well as looking at the highest degree of schooling the teacher has (Ruml, Tickton; 1995). Han looks at how government only chooses the highest graduating teachers in their class to teach and that is what seems to work best for them. If the United States was able to do this, then that would result in a good teachers in the states and better pay for the teachers. Personally, it is frustrating to know firsthand where the money from the US government goes to and why teachers must struggle to have their voices heard here. Teachers are an important factor of what a child learns and how one grows as a result of that so in return educators should gain more monetary profit for their time and dedication.

In contrary to what the government of the United States does with their money, it is also necessary to look at why teachers might not get as much profit or a raise like they should.

Thomas 1

Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton, looks at the decrease in amount of US teachers’ salaries in the past two decades. This is not something that teachers can control but should try to speak up about to see when it comes to the education and schooling standpoint. There should be some type of agreement with the system to ensure that their money is not put in jeopardy because of need for other happenings in our country. South Korea is wise with how and what they spend their money on towards education. The change overtime for teachers to get a raise in the states will not be in effect right away, but if there were more people looking at this problem like myself, something eventually can be done to help raise awareness about the care of teachers.

Jasmine: We spoke in class. You’re heading in the right direction, but you need to develop this further. Please review comments, work on explaining and being more specific. Also, as we said, incorporate more of your own situation into this: what do you know from teachers…those in the classroom and those preparing to enter it? Can you include voices of teachers from both S. Korea and the US? We need to hear from those directly involved in this…you don’t have quotes from anyone here. Also, as we said, what about coming back to yourself as a N. Carolinian, one preparing to teach….how does all this pertain to you? Keep going with this. Double space your essay.

Bibliography

Barro, Stephen M, and Joe W. Lee. A Comparison of Teachers' Salaries in Japan and the United

States. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, Center for Statistics, 1986. Print.

Eggers, Dave; Calegari Ninive, C. “The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries”. The New York

Times Opinion Pages (2011, April 30). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

Han, Eunhye P. "Issues in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in South Korea." Journal of

Early Childhood Teacher Education. 17.3 (1996): 20-23. Print.

Kang, Nam-Hwa, and Miyoung Hong. "Achieving Excellence in Teacher Workforce and Equity

in Learning Opportunities in South Korea." Educational Researcher. 37.4 (2008): 200-207. Print.

Ruml, Beardsley, and Sidney G. Tickton. Teaching Salaries Then and Now. New York: Fund for

Thomas 1

the Advancement of Education, 1955. Print.

Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hoffman

English 1102-057

22 April, 2014

Note to Reader: As I approach the final editing stage of my paper, I have gotten both positive and feedback from my second revised paper. I made sure to state my reasoning for choosing South Korea so that it does not seem like a random place that I chose to research and compare. Also, there are more details and more in-text citations from my sources that prove what is trying to be explored as well as making connections about my personal reasons for this topic and opinion. The facts that I have are already strong and all of my citations are fixed and included in the paper. Opposed to just stating facts, I incorporated some personal experience and some opinions from teacher blogs etc. so that this is not just a typical factual and boring research paper.

Inquiry Essay Draft THREE with revision

Why are teachers paid so little in the United States compared to South Korea? In

America’s society, there are thousands of kids who are not likely to succeed as other kids are

expected to in other countries. What is happening in the school system’s that are stopping

children from learning the appropriate things they should be learning, one may ask. The answer

is simply this, teacher quality. It is normal for educators in today’s society to be looked down

upon because of the lack of student success inside the classroom. Parents and communities are

more focused on disagreeing and being against their children’s teachers instead of looking at the

real problem. Countries like Singapore, Finland, and best overall South Korea have higher

teacher quality than the United States and get better pay for their services (Eggers, Calegari

Thomas 1

2011). Me wanting to be a teacher, leading eventually into a principal made me think of some of

the bigger issues teachers are faced with like: salary and benefits.

Thinking of what can be done to improve this issue, a government comparison of the

United States and South Korean is necessary to see what differences in tactics are used to see

what could be changed in the United States for teachers to have greater salaries. In an interview

with my fifth grade teacher, Mrs. Burch I asked “As an educator in America, what is one thing

you have issues with and could change if you could?” and she responded, “There is not much I

would change because I love the job I have and the kids I work with every day. However, I feel

that we as teachers are often taken advantage of and are not paid as well as we should be like

other countries are.” Teachers are an essential part of children’s lives but are not treated as such

in The United States like they are in countries like South Korea.

Educator’s personal lives are affected by their lack of income because some of them have

to struggle to make ends meet whether it be paying for bills or having time to do other things

outside of school. Teaching children is an extremely time consuming job and sometimes teachers

often forget about pleasing and taking care of themselves (Pearson 2012). According to The New

York Times opinion page, researchers Dave Eggers and Ninive Calegari looked deeper into the

concept of what it means to be an educator and what the real struggles of being one is. One of the

most common problems for teachers is trying to make ends meet, which is causing a decrease in

teachers around the United States (Eggers, Calegari; Pearson 2011; 2012). Eggers and Calegari

believe that not only are children affected by this decline but teachers as well are not getting to

do the job they really love because the government is not being reasonable about where they put

their money into. If teachers are not in place then the amount angry parents would increase and

more uproar would occur. On the contrary if teachers were given fair pay like those in South

Thomas 1

Korea as well as higher quality, students would have higher tests scores (Eggers, Callegari

2011). South Korea is an example of a country who makes education a priority and cares about

their teachers. Their government focuses on the well-being of the children and depending on how

well the teachers are educating the students. In return, they get higher pay (Kang, Miyoung

2008).

Not much research has been looked at as far as this topic but this topic is especially

important to me because of where I plan to be later in life. There are numerous blog pages from

teachers who have researched about what they can do or what they have already done as far as

going to the United States schooling system and asking for raises. Their requests were never

answered and for this there should be something implemented like South Korean government

does to further educate their teachers for the classrooms. Achieving excellence in the workforce

and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea by Nam-Hwa Kong and Miyoung Hong

discusses the underlying issues of how teachers in the states feel that if there were new laws put

in place pertaining to what a teacher must take before becoming certified then they were will be

more success in the classrooms. The importance of education is not as valued in the United

States as it is in South Korea, which is why students are more likely to succeed (Han; 1996).

Some questions that aroused while researching the comparisons of the South Korean

government to ours is what qualifications are needed to even be considered becoming and

educator. Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton describes

the past two decades and the decrease of teacher salary in the United States. One of the reasoning

behind that is the fact that it is very easy to become a teacher as long as one has a certain degree

and amount of time they have been teaching. However, does this really say how good an

individual is at what they do as far as interaction with the kids and getting an increased pay?

Thomas 1

Other inquiries such as in what ways are teachers in South Korea being taught that differs from

the United States and what can be done differently to make it better.

South Korean government pays for teacher workshops, classes on how to be a good

educator, and explains different techniques of teaching a child which is also known as Universal

Design for Learning. United States educators are not taught as many techniques to help increase

the success of children in the classrooms like South Korea emphasizes. In the article, “Issues in

Early Childhood teacher Preparation in South Korea” by Eunhye Park Han talks of good

viewpoints about how the United States does not have these things in effect to reward teachers.

The government pays the teachers in South Korea by how much they learn from these

classroom-technique and building workshops as well as looking at the highest degree of

schooling the teacher has (Ruml, Tickton; 1995). Han looks at how government only chooses the

highest graduating teachers in their class to teach and that is what seems to work best for them. If

the United States was able to do this, then that would result in a good teachers in the states and

better pay for the teachers. Personally, it is frustrating to know firsthand where the money from

the US government goes to and why teachers must struggle to have their voices heard here.

Teachers are an important factor of what a child learns and how one grows as a result of that so

in return educators should gain more monetary profit for their time and dedication.

In contrary to what the government of the United States does with their money, it is also

necessary to look at why teachers might not get as much profit or a raise like they should.

Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton, looks at the decrease

in amount of US teachers’ salaries in the past two decades. This is not something that teachers

can control but should try to speak up about to see when it comes to the education and schooling

standpoint. There should be some type of agreement with the system to ensure that their money

Thomas 1

is not put in jeopardy because of need for other happenings in our country. Although teaching is

not about the money, it definitely plays a role for an educator to live comfortably and being that

these teachers are not treated as essential leaders, they should be. Being a future educator, I look

forward to being able to stepping forth with this issues. South Korea is wise with how and what

they spend their money on towards education. The change overtime for teachers to get a raise in

the states will not be in effect right away, but if there were more people looking at this problem

like myself, something eventually can be done to help raise awareness about the care of teachers.

Bibliography

Barro, Stephen M, and Joe W. Lee. A Comparison of Teachers' Salaries in Japan and the United

States. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S.

Department of Education, Center for Statistics, 1986. Print.

Eggers, Dave; Calegari Ninive, C. “The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries”. The New York

Thomas 1

Times Opinion Pages (2011, April 30). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

Han, Eunhye P. "Issues in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in South Korea." Journal of

Early Childhood Teacher Education. 17.3 (1996): 20-23. Print.

Kang, Nam-Hwa, and Miyoung Hong. "Achieving Excellence in Teacher Workforce and Equity

in Learning Opportunities in South Korea." Educational Researcher. 37.4 (2008): 200-

207. Print.

Pearson, Firm. “Best Education in the World: Finland, South Korea Top Country Rankings, U.S.

Rated Average. Huff Post Education. Huffington Education Group. 27 November 2012.

Web. 12

Ruml, Beardsley, and Sidney G. Tickton. Teaching Salaries Then and Now. New York: Fund for

the Advancement of Education, 1955. Print.

Jasmine Thomas

English 1102-057

Professor Hofmann

22 April, 2014

Reflection

Thomas 1

Being a future educator in America made me think more in-depth of the issues teacher’s

face, which led me to my inquiry. I was really intrigued by the benefits that teacher good and

saw that salary was a major setback in countries in the United States. My proposal was simple:

Why are teachers paid so little when they are an essential part of a child’s learning? This led to

many other questions which made it easier to finalize what I was going to research. Researching

the benefits and causes of low salaries was not as interesting to readers I thought so comparing

and contrasting with other countries is what I thought would be smart to do. Along with it being

too boring of a topic, it was also broad and I needed something that would make audiences think

and want to learn more about teacher salaries after reading my essay.

From the beginning to the end of my pre and post library memo’s, I transformed my

question into a comparison of a country with high teacher salaries which I narrowed down to

three other countries: Singapore, Finland, and South Korea. I got those three statistics from an

article which was later used as one of my most reliable resources. The most helpful resources

that I looked at were teacher blogs and articles that compared other countries to the United States

and their teaching abilities. The sources that I found on the library website were very reliable and

peer-reviewed. They all were helpful and pertained to my question in ways that I was able to

connect with the reader. The sources I found had detailed information on teacher salaries from

the past couple of decades in the United States and comparisons of Japan, which is one of the top

forty countries as far as education and its educator.

Another really reliable source that surprised me was the conversation/interview I had

with my fifth grade teacher, Mrs. Bruch, who told me that she loved teaching for a living but the

pay that she gets is not fair and not acceptable for the amount of effort that they put into their

work. It was surprising to see that the United States was not in the top forty states for education

Thomas 1

when we have one of the greatest demands for education and learning. The techniques teachers

have in different Asian countries; South Korea being the most important, is overwhelmingly

better and more sufficient than the ones in the United States. The government also plays a huge

role in the upgrading and well-being of the students. There are paid-in-full workshops that the

government puts in place for teachers to get better training for classrooms. I thought that the

United States had this tactic implemented, but obviously not.

My essay is in standard essay form and heading in the top left corner of my paper as well

as all of my other writings. When talking to my peers and doing lots of peer revision in my

groups, I think that the criticism that I have gotten about my paper has helped me tremendously.

The negative and positive feedback has ranged from how others liked and clearly saw my

passion for this topic to the fact that I did not really clarify why I chose South Korea as my topic.

With the presentation of my portfolio and other parts of my inquiry, I noticed that I have become

more in depth and looked harder to show my knowledge of the differences in each country.

Unlike other research papers I have done, this has been by far the paper to make me think that

most about my topic and draw up some facts that conclude as to why I am researching my

findings as well as bringing awareness to readers about a topic that is so commonly overlooked.

Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hofmann

English 1102-057

22 April, 2014

Presentation Link

Thomas 1

Jasmine Thomas

Professor Hoffman

English 1102-057

6 May, 2014

Note to Reader: As I approach the final editing stage of my paper, I have gotten both positive and feedback from my second revised paper. I made sure to state my reasoning for choosing South Korea so that it does not seem like a random place that I chose to research and compare. Also, there are more details and more in-text citations from my sources that prove what is trying to be explored as well as making connections about my personal reasons for this topic and opinion. The facts that I have are already strong and all of my citations are fixed and included in the paper. Opposed to just stating facts, I incorporated some personal experience and some opinions from teacher blogs etc. so that this is not just a typical factual and boring research paper.

Inquiry Essay

Why are teachers paid so little in the United States than in South Korea? In America’s

society, there are thousands of kids who are not likely to succeed as other kids are expected to in

Thomas 1

other countries. What is happening in the school system’s that are stopping children from

learning the appropriate things they should be learning, one may ask. The answer is simply this,

teacher quality. It is normal for educators in today’s society to be looked down upon because of

the lack of student success inside the classroom. Parents and communities are more focused on

disagreeing and being against their children’s teachers instead of looking at the real problem.

Countries like Singapore, Finland, and best overall South Korea have higher teacher quality than

the United States and get better pay for their services (Eggers, Calegari 2011). Me wanting to be

a teacher, leading eventually into a principal made me think of some of the bigger issues teachers

are faced with like: salary and benefits.

Thinking of what can be done to improve this issue, a government comparison of the

United States and South Korean is necessary to see what differences in tactics are used to see

what could be changed in the United States for teachers to have greater salaries. In an interview

with my fifth grade teacher, Mrs. Burch I asked “As an educator in America, what is one thing

you have issues with and could change if you could?” and she responded, “There is not much I

would change because I love the job I have and the kids I work with every day. However, I feel

that we as teachers are often taken advantage of and are not paid as well as we should be like

other countries are.” Teachers are an essential part of children’s lives but are not treated as such

in The United States like they are in countries like South Korea.

Educator’s personal lives are affected by their lack of income because some of them have

to struggle to make ends meet whether it be paying for bills or having time to do other things

outside of school. Teaching children is an extremely time consuming job and sometimes teachers

often forget about pleasing and taking care of themselves (Pearson 2012). According to The New

York Times opinion page, researchers Dave Eggers and Ninive Calegari looked deeper into the

Thomas 1

concept of what it means to be an educator and what the real struggles of being one is. One of the

most common problems for teachers is trying to make ends meet, which is causing a decrease in

teachers around the United States (Eggers, Calegari; Pearson 2011; 2012). Eggers and Calegari

believe that not only are children affected by this decline but teachers as well are not getting to

do the job they really love because the government is not being reasonable about where they put

their money into. If teachers are not in place then the amount angry parents would increase and

more uproar would occur. On the contrary if teachers were given fair pay like those in South

Korea as well as higher quality, students would have higher tests scores (Eggers, Callegari

2011). South Korea is an example of a country who makes education a priority and cares about

their teachers. Their government focuses on the well-being of the children and depending on how

well the teachers are educating the students. In return, they get higher pay (Kang, Miyoung

2008).

Not much research has been looked at as far as this topic but this topic is especially

important to me because of where I plan to be later in life. There are numerous blog pages from

teachers who have researched about what they can do or what they have already done as far as

going to the United States schooling system and asking for raises. Their requests were never

answered and for this there should be something implemented like South Korean government

does to further educate their teachers for the classrooms. Achieving excellence in the workforce

and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea by Nam-Hwa Kong and Miyoung Hong

discusses the underlying issues of how teachers in the states feel that if there were new laws put

in place pertaining to what a teacher must take before becoming certified then they were will be

more success in the classrooms. The importance of education is not as valued in the United

States as it is in South Korea, which is why students are more likely to succeed (Han; 1996).

Thomas 1

Some questions that aroused while researching the comparisons of the South Korean

government to ours is what qualifications are needed to even be considered becoming and

educator. Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton describes

the past two decades and the decrease of teacher salary in the United States. One of the reasoning

behind that is the fact that it is very easy to become a teacher as long as one has a certain degree

and amount of time they have been teaching. However, does this really say how good an

individual is at what they do as far as interaction with the kids and getting an increased pay?

Other inquiries such as in what ways are teachers in South Korea being taught that differs from

the United States and what can be done differently to make it better.

South Korean government pays for teacher workshops, classes on how to be a good

educator, and explains different techniques of teaching a child which is also known as Universal

Design for Learning. United States educators are not taught as many techniques to help increase

the success of children in the classrooms like South Korea emphasizes. In the article, “Issues in

Early Childhood teacher Preparation in South Korea” by Eunhye Park Han talks of good

viewpoints about how the United States does not have these things in effect to reward teachers.

The government pays the teachers in South Korea by how much they learn from these

classroom-technique and building workshops as well as looking at the highest degree of

schooling the teacher has (Ruml, Tickton; 1995). Han looks at how government only chooses the

highest graduating teachers in their class to teach and that is what seems to work best for them. If

the United States was able to do this, then that would result in a good teachers in the states and

better pay for the teachers. Personally, it is frustrating to know firsthand where the money from

the US government goes to and why teachers must struggle to have their voices heard here.

Thomas 1

Teachers are an important factor of what a child learns and how one grows as a result of that so

in return educators should gain more monetary profit for their time and dedication.

In contrary to what the government of the United States does with their money, it is also

necessary to look at why teachers might not get as much profit or a raise like they should.

Teacher Salaries Then and Now by Beardsley Ruml and Sidney G. Tickton, looks at the decrease

in amount of US teachers’ salaries in the past two decades. This is not something that teachers

can control but should try to speak up about to see when it comes to the education and schooling

standpoint. There should be some type of agreement with the system to ensure that their money

is not put in jeopardy because of need for other happenings in our country. Although teaching is

not about the money, it definitely plays a role for an educator to live comfortably and being that

these teachers are not treated as essential leaders, they should be. Being a future educator, I look

forward to being able to stepping forth with this issues. South Korea is wise with how and what

they spend their money on towards education. The change overtime for teachers to get a raise in

the states will not be in effect right away, but if there were more people looking at this problem

like myself, something eventually can be done to help raise awareness about the care of teachers.

Thomas 1

Bibliography

Barro, Stephen M, and Joe W. Lee. A Comparison of Teachers' Salaries in Japan and the United

States. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S.

Department of Education, Center for Statistics, 1986. Print.

Eggers, Dave; Calegari Ninive, C. “The High Cost of Low Teacher Salaries”. The New York

Times Opinion Pages (2011, April 30). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/opinion/01eggers.html?_r=0

Han, Eunhye P. "Issues in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in South Korea." Journal of

Early Childhood Teacher Education. 17.3 (1996): 20-23. Print.

Kang, Nam-Hwa, and Miyoung Hong. "Achieving Excellence in Teacher Workforce and Equity

in Learning Opportunities in South Korea." Educational Researcher. 37.4 (2008): 200-

207. Print.

Pearson, Firm. “Best Education in the World: Finland, South Korea Top Country Rankings, U.S.

Rated Average. Huff Post Education. Huffington Education Group. 27 November 2012.

Web. 12

Ruml, Beardsley, and Sidney G. Tickton. Teaching Salaries Then and Now. New York: Fund for

the Advancement of Education, 1955. Print.