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Inés Bustillo Director Washington Office 24 October 2017

Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

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Page 1: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Inés Bustillo

Director Washington Office

24 October 2017

Page 2: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Contents

•External context

•Economic panorama

•Moving forward

Page 3: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

External context

1. Global economy exhibits greater dynamism

2. Upturn in commodity prices with respect to 2016 (12% higher on average)

3. Stronger growth in global trade, albeit starting from very low levels

4. Financial volatility has remained low and stable thus far in 2017

1. Geopolitical uncertainties

2. A faster tightening of global financial conditions

3. Financial fragilities in emerging markets

4. Increased protectionism

Opportunities

Risks

Page 4: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Economic panorama

Page 5: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

I II III IV I II III IV I

2015 2016 2017

Latin America South America excl Brazil Central America excl Mexico Brazil Mexico

Economic performance in the region began to improve beginning in the third quarter of 2016

LATIN AMERICA: VARIATION IN QUARTERLY GDP

(Percentages)

Fourth quarter 2016 and first quarter of 2017 registered positive growth

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of official figures.

Page 6: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a

(Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of official figures. a Projections.

Note: Central America, including the Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries.

Projected GDP growth rates, 2017

-8.0

-3.0

-2.3 -0.2

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.7

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.5

4.9

5.0

5.5

-10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Dominica

Trinidad and Tobago

Suriname

The Caribbean

Cuba

Brazil

Ecuador

South America

Haiti

Latin America and the Caribbean

Latin America

Bahamas

Chile

Barbados

Saint Lucia

Jamaica

Colombia

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Mexico

Argentina

Peru

Central America and Mexico

Guyana

Uruguay

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Belize

El Salvador

Guatemala

Central America

Honduras

Costa Rica

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Paraguay

Grenada

Nicaragua

Dominican Republic

Antigua and Barbuda

Panama

Page 7: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Moving forward

Page 8: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

A global economy in flux

• Geopolitical changes

• The fourth industrial revolution

• The future of work

Multilateralism in question

Page 9: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

A complex regional context

• After two years of contraction, growth but at lower dynamism

• Risk of social deterioration due to low growth, more unemployment

• Need to find new engines of growth

Page 10: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

The region has fallen behind

Average per capita GDP growth by region or income grouping, 1961-2014

(Percentages)

1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1989 1990-2000 2003-2007 2010-2013 2001-2014

Latin America and the Caribbean 3.3 4.4 -0.3 1.3 2.7 2.9 1.8

Brazil 3.3 5.9 -0.3 1.0 2.7 3.0 2.1

Mexico 3.6 3.7 -0.3 1.8 2.0 2.2 0.7

East Asia and the Pacificª 2.4 4.6 5.8 7.0 9.2 7.5 7.8

South Asia 2.0 0.7 3.1 3.2 6.5 5.3 5.2

Europe and Central Asia (developing only) … … 2.3 -0.5 7.0 4.0 3.9

Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development (OECD) (high-income countries) 4.2 2.6 2.6 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.0

Middle East and North Africa 5.0ª 3.0 0.1 1.5 3.5 0.2 1.7

Sub-Saharan Africa 2.4 0.9 -1.3 -0.7 3.7 1.7 2.1

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

(ECLAC), on the basis of World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2015.

ª Data from 1966 onward.

Page 11: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

The region has fallen behind

WORLD (SELECTED REGIONS): LONG-RUN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES, 1960-2014

(Percentages)

Source: ECLAC, on the basis of World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2015.

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN AND EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: REAL PER CAPITA GDP GROWTH, 1962-2014

(Percentages)

Page 12: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Essential dimensions

• Investment

•Diversification and Innovation

• International Insertion

•Poverty and Inequality

Page 13: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Investment: key to development

In infrastructure

In R+D

In financial institutions for development: inclusive financing

In cleaner environmental matrices

FORMACIÓN BRUTA DE CAPITAL FIJO, 1950-2016 (En porcentajes del PIB sobre la base de dólares constantes de 2010)

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de cifras oficiales, y World Development Indicators.

23.5

20.0 20.5 19.1

20.6 19.5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

197

0

197

2

197

4

197

6

197

8

198

0

198

2

198

4

198

6

198

8

199

0

199

2

199

4

199

6

199

8

200

0

200

2

200

4

200

6

200

8

201

0

201

2

201

4

201

6

América Latina y el Caribe Asia Oriental y el Pacífico

Page 14: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

INVERSIÓN EN INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO (I+D), ALREDEDOR DE 2013 Y DE 2004 (En porcentajes del PIB)

Fuente: CEPAL, Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en la economía digital La situación de América Latina y el Caribe, LC/G.2685(CCITIC.2/3)), Santiago, Septiembre de 2016.

Investment in R+D remains low

Page 15: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Essential dimensions

• Investment

•Diversification and Innovation

• International Insertion

•Poverty and Inequality

Page 16: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

PARTICIPACIÓN EN LAS SOLICITUDES MUNDIALES DE PATENTES, RESIDENTES Y NO RESIDENTES,1990 Y 2015

Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de la información estadística de la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI).

Performance gaps (patents)

Page 17: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Researchers, key for science and technology. The region has 520 researchers per million people

INVESTIGADORES EQUIVALENTES A JORNADA COMPLETA, EN PROMEDIO, 2010-2012 (En número de personas por millón de habitantes)

Fuente: CEPAL, Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en la economía digital La situación de América Latina y el Caribe, LC/G.2685(CCITIC.2/3)), Santiago, Septiembre de 2016.

Page 18: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Essential dimensions

• Investment

•Diversification and Innovation

• International Insertion

•Poverty and Inequality

Page 19: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Figures in (%) of total exports

Latin American and the Caribbean

Developing Countries in Asia

China

2000 2015 2000 2015 2000 2015

Total Goods 5,7 5,5 20 25 4 11

High-Tech Goods 8 5 30 50 7 33

Total Services 4,1 3,4 14 23 0,7 6

Modern Services 2,4 1,9 6,4 15,9 1,5 6,3

Participation in world exports of goods and services, 2000 and 2015

Page 20: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Exports to China: the challenge of diversification

Latin America and the Caribbean: Product composition of exports to China (In USD millions)

Source: CEPAL, Relaciones económicas entre América Latina y el Caribe y China: oportunidades y desafíos, noviembre 2016.

0

30000

60000

90000

120000

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

Poroto de Soya Petróleo y sus derivados

Minerales de hierro y sus concentrados Minerales de cobre y sus concentrados

Cobre refinado Resto

69%

Page 21: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Little intra-regional trade and productive chain integration

63.15

50.36 46.5

16.0

23.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Unión Europea (28) TLCAN

ASEAN+5 a América Latina y el Caribe

América Latina y el Caribe (excl. México)

Fuente: CEPAL, con cifras de COMTRADE. a Incluye a China, Japón, República de Corea, Provincia china de Taiwán, Hong Kong (Región Administrativa Especial de China) y los 10 países de la ASEAN.

AGRUPACIONES SELECCIONADAS: PARTICIPACIÓN DEL COMERCIO INTRA-GRUPO EN LAS EXPORTACIONES TOTALES, 2008-2015 (En porcentajes)

Page 22: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

167 043

-7,9%

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), sobre la base de cifras y estimaciones oficiales al 15 de junio de 2017.

FDI to the region falls

AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE: INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA (IED) RECIBIDA, 1990–2016 (En miles de millones de dólares y porcentaje del PIB)

Page 23: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Essential dimensions

• Investment

•Diversification and Innovation

• International Insertion

•Poverty and Inequality

Page 24: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Important but stagnated reduction in poverty and high levels of inequality

AMÉRICA LATINA Y OTRAS REGIONES DEL MUNDO: COEFICIENTE DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE GINI,

ALREDEDOR DE 2010

0.50

0.45 0.41

0.37 0.34 0.33 0.34

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

América Latina yel Caribe

(18)

Asia Orientaly el Pacífico

(10)

Asia Meridional(8)

OCDE(22)

AMÉRICA LATINA a/: EVOLUCIÓN DE LA POBREZA

Y LA INDIGENCIA, 1990 – 2015 b/

(En porcentaje de personas)

Fuente: CEPAL, sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los respectivos países. a Estimación correspondiente a 19 países (incluye Haití). b Las cifras 2015 corresponden a una proyección.

48.4

43.8 43.9

33.531.1

29.728.2 28.1 28.2 29.2

22.6

18.6 19.3

12.9 12.1 11.7 11.3 11.9 11.8 12.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1999 2002 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Pobres Indigentes

Page 25: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

AMÉRICA LATINA (PROMEDIO SIMPLE 18 PAÍSES): CONCLUSIÓN DE AL MENOS CINCO AÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN TERCIARIA ENTRE

JÓVENES DE 25 A 29 AÑOS, SEGÚN QUINTILES DE INGRESO PER CÁPITA Y SEXO, ALREDEDOR DE 2010

(Porcentajes)

Fuente: CEPAL sobre la base de tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares de los países. Nota: El dato de Argentina corresponde al Gran Buenos Aires y el de Uruguay a zonas urbanas.

At the end of high school, inequality is already in place

1.3 2.2 3.6

6.9

22.6

9.0

1.4 2.3

6.1

13.1

32.1

12.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Quintil 1 Quintil 2 Quintil 3 Quintil 4 Quintil 5 Total

Hombres Mujeres

28

78

0102030405060708090

100

Nic

arag

ua

Gu

atem

ala

Ho

nd

ura

s

Rep

. Do

min

ican

a

El S

alva

do

r

Méx

ico

Par

agu

ay

Uru

guay

Co

sta

Ric

a

Pan

amá

Ven

ezu

ela

Bo

livia

Arg

enti

na

Bra

sil

Ecu

ado

r

Co

lom

bia

Per

ú

Ch

ile

Pro

med

io

Quintil 1 Quintil 5

AMÉRICA LATINA: POBLACIÓN 20-24 AÑOS QUE CONCLUYÓ LA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA, 2010

(Porcentajes)

Page 26: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

Low rate of enrollment in tertiary education

EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TASA BRUTA DE MATRÍCULA EN EDUCACIÓN TERCIARIA, 2004-2012 (En porcentajes)

Fuente: CEPAL, Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en la economía digital La situación de América Latina y el Caribe, LC/G.2685(CCITIC.2/3)), Santiago, Septiembre de 2016.

Page 27: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

The region collects little, with evasion of 6.7% of GDP

RELACIÓN DE INGRESOS TRIBUTARIOS Y EL PIB, 2015 (Ingresos tributarios totales como % del PIB )

Fuente: OCDE/CEPAL/CIAT/BID (2017), Estadísticas tributarias en América Latina y el Caribe 2017, OECD Publishing, Paris. [En línea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/rev_lat_car-2017-en-fr ]

AMERICA LATINA: RECAUDACION TRIBUTARIA Y EVASIÓN ESTIMADA, 2015 a

(En porcentajes del PIB y en millones de dólares)

6.8 6.8

4.3

(~ 220.000) 2.4(~ 120.000)

11.1

9.2

Impuesto sobre la renta de personas físicas y jurídicas b/

Impuesto al valor agregado c/

Recaudación efectiva Evasión estimada

Page 28: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)

An agenda for growth and social progress

• Productive specialization, diversification, and technological upgrading

• Progress in integration: more necessary than ever

• Policies towards equality

Page 29: Inés Bustillo - Global Foundation for Democracy and ... · LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: GDP GROWTH RATES, 2017a (Percentages, on the basis of dollars at constant 2010 prices)